Unit 3-Lecture3-课件
Unit3 词汇拓展课件-2021-2022学年高中英语牛津译林版（2020）必修第三册
clear obvious apparent evident plain crystal clear These words all describe sth that is easy to see or understand and leaves no doubts or confusion. 以上各词均形容事物显而 易见、明白易懂、清楚、明确。
commerce be engaged in commerce
commercial commercially
trade n. 交易，贸易〔辨析〕指具体的某种买卖交易或 跨国交易，也可指广泛的贸易。〔例证〕the arms trade军火交易international trade agreements国际贸易 协定 business n. 商业，买卖，生意〔辨析〕指各类商业活 动，包括制造、买卖产品，或提供服务等，侧重于赚
line an imaginary boundary between one area of land and another; a line on a map that shows this 指假想的或地图上标示的两地间的分界线、 边界线：
frontier ( BrE ) the line that separates two countries or areas; the land near this line 指国界、边界、边疆、边境：
学术英语(教师资料)-Unit3
Unit Contents
1 Preparing for listening to a lecture 2 Paying attention to the introduction 3 Understanding the ideas through examples 4 Following a lecture through signal words 5 Memorizing the points by taking notes
Unit 3 Listening to Lectures
1 Preparing for listening to a lecture
• Lectures are not only a major part of college learning, but another major source of your research article.You will get information no less than from reading essays and articles.To listen to an academic lecture effectively, however, you may do some homework beforehand.The following are some tips:
Unit 3 Listening to Lectures
3 Understanding the ideas through examples
Signal words that you should pay attention to:
for example for instance the following example (story/ incident) illustrates/
章振邦《新编英语语法》课件Lecture 3
entitled to a copy. Many a man and woman in this community
finds himself or herself/themselves in need.
His younger brother and the subsequent
When the subject is followed by the subordinate structure such as as much as, rather than, more than, no less than, the number of verb is determined by the subject itself.
Two-thirds of the swampland has been reclaimed for farming. Over sixty percent of the city was destroyed in the war. Thirty-five per cent of the doctors were women.
②Coordination with “or” / “either…or”, “nor” / “neither…nor”, “not only…but also”
Here the problem of concord is generally dealiple of proximity.
Ham and eggs is a good breakfast. Brown bread and butter is usually eaten
with smoked salmon.
大学综合英语教程第一册Unit 3
5. What good manners does the writer suggest that we should display?
6. Do you agree with the writer that good manners with our families count the most? Justify your reply.
精品PPT
Pre-reading
Saying “Thank you.” — When do you say “Thank you” to others?
Do you say “Thank you” in the following situations?
someone holds a door open for you
Para. 1: a social phenomenon — many people in present times are not as polite as people in the past
Paras. 2 – 4:
the author’s viewpoint — one cannot be truly stylish without good manners, and good manners are a sort of hidden beauty secret Paras. 5-10: illustrations of good manners — the great power of some typical good manners and the good effects polite manners have on our own family members Para. 11: the author’s sincere wish — everyone would show good manners
Lecture3
English teaching
6-10 hours per week in addition to class
General Physics I
1
Today’s topics
My Laws of Motion!
General Physics I
Force is exerted on an object by other objects, either physically touched or at a distance. Force is a vector with both a magnitude and a direction.
y x
a
General Physics I
11
Mass
The mass of a body is an intrinsic characteristic that relates a force exerted on the body to the resulting acceleration.
General Physics I
6
Newton’s Epitaph by Pope
“Nature and Nature’s laws lay hid in night: God said, Let Newton be! And all was light.”
---- Alexander Pope
Magnitude:
Fg mg
Direction: points towards the center of Earth Weight: The weight W of a body is equal to the magnitude of the gravitational force on the body.
《工程硕士研究生英语综合教程(上册)》课件：Unit Three
New words & phrases
1. sage adj. 贤明的; 明智的; 审慎的
Analysis: People feel good when imagining that they could avoid all mistakes if they lived their youth again, but it is quite uncertain that many of them could do so or take a more smooth life path if they had a second chance.
➢Thomas Arkle Clark (1862-1932) : instructor and Professor of English (1893-99), and dean of undergraduate (1901-09) and men (1909-31) at the University of Illinois. Clark was head of the University of Illinois Department of Rhetoric in 1895 when he helped organize Alpha Tau Omega's (ATO) Gamma Zeta chapter and was its first initiate. Seven years later, he was named dean of men, the first in America to have that title. "Unofficially, he won the title of Keeper of the University's Conscience through his insistence on high ethical and moral standards," records the ATO Story. He did likewise for ATO as Worthy Grand Chief, High Council member, Educational Advisor, and Brother. Brother Clark was nationally known in the early part of the century for his efforts developing the modern Greek system. He served the national fraternity as "Worthy Grand Chief" for several terms. To this day, the highest honor a graduating senior can achieve is the Thomas Arkle Clark Award. The Thomas Arkle Clark Award annually recognizes Alpha Tau Omega's most outstanding senior candidates for undergraduate degrees. It was established as an incentive for young brothers to seek excellence in scholarship, leadership, service, and the personal qualities of character, integrity, and responsibility. Clark’s publications include Facts for Freshmen (1911, 1914, 1916, 1927), The Fraternity and the College (1915), Sunday Eight O'Clock (1916), and many magazine articles on fraternities and college life.
Unit3 TopicTalk 课件-高中英语北师大版(2019)选择性必修第一册
Activity 2: Listen to the dialogue. Answer the questions.
1. Why is Dr. Bradshaw working on protecting rhinos? 2. What do people do to rhinos? 3. What does Dr. Bradshaw suggest doing? 4. What may happen, if we don’t do something now?
something now?
Activity 2: Listen to the dialogue. Answer the questions.
1. Why is Dr. Bradshaw working on protecting rhinos?
Because rhinos are in danger.
02 Listen and Think
rhino
horn
illegally hunted illegal: not allowed by the law extinct: no longer in existence
incredibly urgent:
needs to be dealt with immediately
3. What does Dr. Bradshaw suggest doing?
He suggests making everyone know that hunting these animals is illegal and that these amazing animals are part of the world we live in.
01 Review
2020-2021学年高中英语Unit3课件北师大版选择性必修第一册 23186
vi.& vt.猎取,猎杀
17. extinct adj.灭绝的,绝种的
18. incredibly adv.非常地,极端地
19. urgent adj.紧急的,急迫的
20. species n.物种,种
2adj.异常的;不平常的
23. varied adj.各种各样的,形形色色的
Ⅱ.阅读导学 A.阅读P52-53文章,判断正(T)误(F)。 1.Over 90 percent of all ever living species are extinct in 500 million years. 2.It is natural for species to die out usually. 3.If a sixth mass extinction occurs,entire species will be wiped out. 4.In order to avoid the sixth extinction,we need to stop traveling around.
famous.
9.Who is that man that is going to give us a lecture?
3.There is always something that we are not satisfied with in
our life.
4.We talked about the people and things that
we remembered
in our primary school.
5.I’d like to make friends with those who are rich in
答案:B
Unit3Workbook课件高中英语译林牛津版必修第二册
• 2 we never expected that selr-driving cars_w_o_u__ld__ru_n_ (run) in the street in the near future.
• 3 Sorry I’m late. I didn't realize there_w__o_u_ld__b_e_ (be) so much traffic at this time of the day.
• 4 -Hi, Dad! -Betty! You are back early. I thought you _w_o_u_l_d_n_’t__co_me
• Like the Arts Festival in previous years, this year’s festival left a deep (8)_i_m_p_r_e_s_s_io_n__ on everyone and earned high praise.
Building skills
UNIT3
Festivals and customs
Workbook
Exploring Language
P70
• C. Fill in the blanks with the correct forms of the verbs in the brackets, using future in the past.
新视野大学英语第三版第一册UNIT3
(Paras. 2-6)
How the transformation influences college.
(Paras. 7-11)
Conclusion
(Para. 12)
Main ideas of text Main idea
1 Part I — (Para. __)
The college today is being transformed into a new age of electronics by a fleet of laptops, smartphones and Internet connection 24 hours a day.
tape lectures post online
record scripts listen to tapes, search info
Do you think Internet becoming indispensable for your study? What is the advice offered by the writer? (Para. 6)
yes: ·to do homework, check answers on internet ·review lecture information ·take part in class discussions Advice: ·1. do not make the Internet as a toy
Part III — (Paras. 7-11)
The _ information technology _ has developed fast on campus. In order to _ maintain their competitive advantage and attract students, colleges are competing with the best Internet services _.
lecture3
Lecture3-Axioms of Consumer Preference and the Theory ofChoiceDavid Autor14.03Fall2004Agenda:1.Consumer preference theory(a)Notion of utility function(b)Axioms of consumer preference(c)Monotone transformations2.Theory of choice(a)Solving the consumer’s problemIngredientsCharacteristics of the solutionInterior vs corner solutions(b)Constrained maximization for consumer(c)Interpretation of the Lagrange multiplierRoad map:Theory1.Consumer preference theory2.Theory of choice3.Individual demand functions4.Market demandApplications1.Dead weight loss of Christmas2.Food stamps and other taxes and transfers3.Gi¤en goods:Theory and evidence1Consumer Preference TheoryA consumer’s utility from consumption of a given bundle“A”is determined by a personal utility function.1.1Cardinal and ordinal utilityCardinal Utility FunctionAccording to this approach U(A)is a cardinal number,that is:U:consumption bundle !R1measured in“utils”Ordinal Utility FunctionMore general than cardinal utility functionU provides a“ranking”or“preference ordering”over bundles.U:(A;B) !8<:A P B B P A A I BUsed in demand/consumer theoryCardinal vs Ordinal Utility FunctionsThe problem with cardinal utility functions comes from the di¢culty in…nding the appropriate measurement index(metric).Example:Is1util for person1equivalent to1util for person2?Or if we increase a person’s utility from1to2,is she twice as happy?By being unit-free ordinal utility functions avoid these problems.What’s important about utility functions is that it allows us to model how people make personal choices, that is,how they choose among competing alternatives.We do not’t need to know how many“utils”people experience from each choice to answer this question;we just need to know how they rank choices.Note:It’s much harder to model interpersonal comparisons of utility1.2Axioms of Consumer Preference TheoryCreated for purposes of:ing mathematical representation of utility functions2.Portraying rational behavior(rational in this case means‘optimizing’)3.Deriving“well-behaved”demand curves1.2.1Axiom1:Preferences are Complete(“Completeness”)For any two bundles A and B,a consumer can establish a preference ordering.That is,for any comparison of bundles,she will choose one and only one of the following:1.A P B2.B P A3.A I BWithout this property,preferences are unde…ned.1.2.2Axiom2:Preferences are Transitive(“Transitivity”)For any consumer if A P B and B P C then it must be that A P C:Consumers are consistent in their preferences.1.2.3Axiom3:Preferences are Continuous(“Continuity”)If A P B and C lies within an"radius of B then A P C.We need continuity to derive well-behaved demand curves.Given Axioms1-3are obeyed we can always de…ne a utility function.Any utility function that satis…es Axioms1-3cannot have indi¤erence curves that cross.Indi¤erence Curves De…ne a level of utility say U(x)=U then the indi¤erence curve for U,IC(U)is the locus of consumption bundles that generate utility level U for utility function U(x).An Indi¤erence Curve Map is a sequence of indi¤erence curves de…ned over every possible bundle and every utility level:f IC(0);IC(");IC(2");:::g with"=epsilonUtilsGood xGood yIC (2D)Utility function (3D)Graph 25Indi¤erence curves are level sets of this utility function.xyIC 3IC 2IC 1IC 3 !Utility level U 3IC 2 !Utility level U 2IC 1 !Utility level U 19=;U 3>U 2>U 1This is called an Indi¤erence Curve Map Properties:Every consumption bundle lies on some indi¤erence curve (by the completeness axiom) INDIFFERENCE CURVES CANNOT INTERSECT (by the transitivity axiom)Proof:say two indi¤erence curves intersect:Good yAccording to these indi¤erence curves:A P BB I CC P DD I ABy the above mentioned axioms:A P D and A I Dwhich is a contradiction.Axioms4.and5.are introduced to re‡ect observed behavior.They simplify problems greatly,but they are not necessary for a theory of rational choice.1.2.4Axiom4:Non-Satiation(Never Get Enough)Given two bundles,A and B,composed of two goods,X and Y.X A=amount of X in A,similarly X BY A=amount of Y in A,similarly Y BIf X A=X B and Y A>Y B(assuming utility is increasing in both arguments)then A P B(regardless of the levels of X A;X B;Y A;Y B)This implies that:1.The consumer always places positive value on more consumption2.Indi¤erence curve map stretches out endlessly(there is no upper limit to utility)1.2.5Axiom5:Diminishing Marginal Rate of SubstitutionIn order to de…ne this axiom we need to introduce the concept of Marginal Rate of Substitution and some further preliminary explanations.De…nition:MRS measures willingness to trade one bundle for another.Example:Bundle A=(6hours of sleep,50points on the problem set)Bundle B=(5hours of sleep,60points on the problem set)A andB lie on the same indi¤erence curveA student is willing to give up1more hour of sleep for10more points on the problem set.Her willingness to substitute sleep for grade points at the margin(i.e.for1fewer hours of sleep)is: 101= 10MRS(sleep for points)=j 10j=10MRS is measured along an indi¤erence curve and it may vary along the same indi¤erence curve.If so,we must de…ne the MRS relative to some bundle(starting point).dU=0along an indi¤erence curveTherefore:0=@U@xdx+@U@ydy0=MU x dx+MU y dydy dx=MU xMU y=MRS of x for yMRS must always be evaluated at some particular point(consumption bundle)on the indi¤erence curve.MRS of x for y decreases as we go down on the indi¤erence curve.This indi¤erence curve exhibits diminishing MRS:the rate at which(at the margin)a consumer is willing to trade x for y diminishes as the level of x consumed goes up.That is the slope of the indi¤erence curve between points B and C is less than the slope of the curve between points A and B.Diminishing MRS is a consequence of Diminishing Marginal Utility.A utility function exhibits diminishing marginal utility for good x when MU x decreases as consumption of x increases.A bow-shaped-to-origin(convex)indi¤erence curve is one in which utility function has diminishing MU fory Graph 29bothThis implies that consumer prefers diversity in consumption.An alternative de…nition of diminishing MRS can be given through the mathematical notion of convexity.De…nition:a function U(x;y)is convex if:U( x1+(1 )x2; y1+(1 )y2) U(x1;y1)+(1 )U(x2;y2)Suppose the two bundles,(x1;y1)and(x2;y2)are on the same indi¤erence curve.This property states that the convex combination of this two bundles is on higher indi¤erence curve than the two initial ones.Graph 30yx 2x 1y 2yx*y*where x = x 1+(1 )x 2and y = y 1+(1 )y 2.This is veri…ed for every 2(0;1).The following is an example of a non-convex curve:Graph 31y 2y 1x 2x 1y xIn this graph not every point on the line connecting two points above the curve is also above the curve,therefore the curve is not convex.Q:Suppose co¤ee and sushi have the same quality:the more you consume,the more you want.How do we1.3Cardinal vs Ordinal UtilityA utility function of the form U(x;y)=f(x;y)is cardinal in the sense that it reads o¤“utils”as a function of consumption.Obviously we don’t know what utils are or how to measure them.Nor do we assume that10utils is twice as good as5utils.That is a cardinal assumption.What we really care about is the ranking(or ordering)that a utility function gives over bundles of goods. Therefore we prefer to use ordinal utility functions.We want to know if A P B but not by how much.However we do care that the MRS along an indi¤erence curve is well de…ned,i.e.we do want to know precisely how people trade o¤among goods in indi¤erent(equally preferred)bundles.Q:How can we preserve properties of utility that we care about and believe in(1.ordering is unique and2. MRS exists)without imposing cardinal properties?A:We state that utility functions are only de…ned up to a“monotonic transformation”.De…nition:Monotonic TransformationLet I be an interval on the real line(R1)then:g:I !R1is a monotonic transformation if g is a strictly increasing function on I.If g(x)is di¤erentiable then g0(x)>08xInformally:A monotone transformation of a variable is a rank-preserving transformation.[Note:not all rank-preserving transformations are di¤erentiable.]Examples:Which are monotone functionsLet y be de…ned on R1:1.x=y+1[yes]2.x=2y[yes]3.x=exp(y)[yes]4.x=abs(y)[no]5.x=y2if y 0[yes]6.x=ln(y)if y>0[yes]7.x=y3if y 0[yes][yes–but unde…ned if y=0]8.x= 1y9.x=max(y2;y3)if y 0[yes]10.x=2y y2[no]Property:If U2(:)is a monotone transformation of U1(:),i.e.U2(:)=f(U1(:))where f(:)is monotone in U1as de…ned earlier,then:–U1and U2exhibit identical preference rankings–MRS of U1(U)and U2(U)=)U1and U2are equivalent for consumer theoryExample:U(x;y)=x y (Cobb-Douglas)U0U1U2xyWhat is the MRS along an indi¤erence curve U0?U0=x 0y 0dU0= x 10y 0dx+ x 0y 1dydydx U=U0= x 10y 0 x 0y 10= y0x0=@U=@x@U=@y Consider now a monotonic transformation of U:U1(x;y)=x yU2(x;y)=ln(U1(x;y))U2= ln x+ ln yWhat is the MRS of U2along an indi¤erence curve such that U2=ln U0?U20=ln U0= ln x0+ ln y0dU20=x0dx+y0dy=0dy U2=U20= y00=@U=@xwhich is the same as we derived for U1.How do we know that monotonic transformations always preserve the MRS of a utility function?Let U=f(x;y)be a utility functionLet g(U)be a monotonic transformation of U=f(x;y)The MRS of g(U)along an indi¤erence curve where U0=f(x0;y0)and g(U0)=g(f(x0;y0)) By totally di¤erentiating this equality we can obtain the MRS.dg(U0)=g0(f(x0;y0))f x(x0;y0)dx+g0(f(x0;y0))f y(x0;y0)dydy dx g(U)=g(U0)=g0(f(x0;y0))f x(x0;y0)g0(f(x0;y0))f y(x0;y0)=f x(x0;y0)f y(x0;y0)=@U=@x@U=@ywhich is the MRS of the original function U(x;y).。
新视野大学英语(3)讲稿Unit 3
Unit 3Unit Three Section A Where Principles Come FirstI. GreetingsII. Review: Have a small quiz. Have a dictation of the words in Unit 2consume moderate liable allowance typical fatigue advisable modify interfere succession imply obstacle density boost stem speculate maintenance academicIII. Start the new lesson:1. Introduction:The Hyde School sees itself as preparing children for life by cultivating a comprehensive set of principles which include the values of truth, integrity, leadership, curiosity and concern. Academic success will then naturally follow. To achieve their goal the school demands the commitment of the students’parents who must accept the school’s philosophies and outlook. The school then hopes the parents will act as daily role models for their children. Under the great success, the Hyde School has come to spread its approach to education to the inner-city schools.2.Discourse analysis:Part I (paras.1-2): The introduction of the Hyde School.Part II (paras.3-11): The approach to education of the Hyde School principles is spread to inner-city schools.Part III (paras.12- 14): The detailed principles and approaches to education of the Hyde School.Part IV ( 15-20): The opinion of the people on the inner-city school’s practicing the Hyde curriculum.3. Language points:1. publicity: n. notice or attention from the public or news mediato seek/ avoid publicityWhen the news media and the public show a lot of interest in something, you can say that it is receiving publicity.2. cultivate: v t. 1)develop; improveCultivating a positive attitude towards yourself can reap tremendous benefits.He has written eight books and has cultivated the image of a popular writer.2) prepare land and grow crops on itShe also cultivated a small garden of her own.Olives have been cultivated for centuries in some countries in the Middle East.3. comprehensive: a. including everything or nearly everything that is connected with a particular subjecta comprehensive test / a guide book giving comprehensive information on the area. Compare:Comprehensible: easy to understandThe book is written in clear, comprehensible language.4. spread to: ( cause to ) reach sb. or sth. else, as by touching or other means of passingFire men succeeded in preventing the fire from spreading to other office buildings. We have been asked to spread the news to all our friends.If you allow the child to attend school he could spread the bad cold to all the other children.5. controversial: a. causing public discussion and disagreementa controversial TV program / a controversial new lawGovernment aid to education is a controversial subject.6. suspend: vt 1)stop or delay sth. for a timeSome rail services were suspended during the strike.The young man was given a suspended sentence.The union suspended strike action this week.2) hang sth. upA lamp was suspended from the ceiling.3) send sb. away from his/ her school, job, position, etc. for a period of time, usu. as a punishment for doing sth. badHe was suspended from school.She was suspended from her job shortly after the accident.7. protest: v. express one’s disagreement, feeling of unfairness, annoyance, etc. Please notice that in American English “protest”is used without a preposition. They protested the government’s handling of the situation.Most people protest the company’s decision to lay off so many workers.8. strain: n. a state of worry and tensionHe is under a lot of strain at work.Mum’s illness has put a strain on the whole family.The condition of being pulled or stretched too tightlyThe rope finally broke under the strain.v. 1) make a great effort to do sth.I had to strain my ears to catch what they were saying.Several thousand supporters strained to catch a glimpse of the new president.2) put a lot of pressure on sth.Money problems have strained their relationship.9. be scheduled to do: be arranged to doThe train was scheduled to arrive at 10: 30.The plane is scheduled to take off at 5pm.10. preliminary: a. coming before or preparing for sth. else that is more importanta preliminary meetingAfter a few preliminary remarks the discussions began.Preliminary talks on the future of the airport began yesterday.11. magnet: n. a piece of iron that can attract iron and steel; (fig) sth. or sb. that attracts much attentionLondon attracted me like a magnet when I was a youth.12. over one’s protest: in spite of one’s protestA nuclear plant was built in the are over the farmers’protests.13. minority: n. 1) a group of people who are of a different race or religion to most people in the community or country where they liveSchools in Britain needed to do more to help children of ethnic minorities.They have called for greater numbers of women and minorities on the faculty.2) the smaller number or part of a group; less than halfMost women continue to work when they are married. Only a minority stays at home. These troubled students are only a small minority.14. quest : n. a long search for sth. that is difficult to findThe quest for eternal youth / my quest for a better life / his quest to find true love Tom spent his life on a spiritual quest.15. energetic: a. of or needing energyLong-distance running is a very energetic form of exercise.He is an energetic person.The new government will play an energetic role in solving the problem of unemployment.16. put forth: use or bring sth. such as strength into actionPutting forth a great effort, he uprooted the tree.17. conventional: a. following what is traditional or considered to be normal’sometimes too closelyconventional attitudesThe house was built with conventional materials but in a totally new style.18. reform: v. 1) change sth. in order to make it betterReform the examination systemYou have to reform the management of the company2) ( cause to) behave better or fit into society betterHe’s done wrong in the past but he has made serious efforts to reform.Our prisons aim to reform, not simply to punish them.n. changes in sth. In order to make it bettera major reform to the system /political reform in Eastern Europe /a reform policy19. controversy: n. public discussion and disagreement about sth.a political controversy over human rights abusesThe plans for changing the city centre caused a great deal of controversy.The proposed cuts have caused considerable controversy.20. morals: n. standards or principles of good behaviourwestern ideas and moralsThey have no morals.Compare:morale: n. the way that a group of people feel at a particular timeThe team’s moral was high before the match.Low pay in recent years has led to low morale.21. curriculum: (pl. curriculums or curricula) all the subjects that are taught in a school, college or university; the contents of a particular course of studyLatin is not on the curriculum at our school.The curriculum for foreign languages emphasizes communication skills.22. preparation: n.1) sth that one does to get ready for sth.The wedding preparations are almost complete.Final preparations are under way for the celebration of the victory.2) act of getting sb. or sth. readyexamination preparationBehind any successful event lay months of preparation.23. complete with: including; having as an additional partThere is a good hotel not far from the city, complete with swimming pool and garden leading directly to the beach.Our firemen came, of course, complete with rescue equipment, first aid kit, etc.24. mixture: n.sth. that consists of two or more things that are different from one anotherPut the mixture into a pan and cook for half an hour.I stood and stared with a mixture of amazement and horror.25. admission: n. 1) permission to enter a school, club, a public place, etc.All those who were not wearing a tie were refused admission to the club. Admissions to British universities have increased by 15% this year.2) The amount of money that one pays to enter a placeThe museum charges $5 admission.3) A statement that sth. usually unpleasant, is trueI viewed her silence as an admission of guilt.Compare:admittance: n .being allowed to enter a place ( esp. a private one); the right to enter The journalist tried to gain admittance to the minister’s office. /No admittance. 26. workshop: n.1) a group of people who meet and discuss or learn more about a particular subjectThey ran a jazz workshop for young artists.2) a place where things are made or repaireda well-equipped workshop27. seminar: n. 1)a class at a university, college, etc. in which a small group of students discuss or study a subject with a teacher.Students are asked to prepare material in advance of each monthly seminar.2) a short business conference in which working methods, etc. are taught or discusseda seminar on becoming self-employed28. attendance: n. 1) the number of people who go to or are present at a placeThere was a large attendance at the meeting.Attendance has decreased in recent months.2) being present somewhereAttendance at lecture is necessary.The teacher is not pleased with Tony’s failed attendance.29. session: n. 1) a period of time or meeting arranged for a particular activity There’ll be a question-and-answer session at the end of this morning’s lecture. The two leaders emerged for the photo session.2) a meeting or series of meetings of an official body such as a parliament or a law courtan emergency session of parliamentThe court was in session.30. utmost: a .greatestA message of utmost importanceUtmost care must be taken when you do this kind of experiment.do/ try one’s utmost: do/ try one’s bestI did my utmost to help.He will try his utmost to help them by means of his conventional medical knowledge.31. work out: 1) invent, develop, or produce ( sth. such as an idea) by thinkingWe must work out a better method of saving paper.We’ll leave it to the committee to work out the details of the plan.2) decide or find an answer to ( sth. such as a difficulty)I’ll give you ten minutes to work out the problem.We do have trouble in our relationship, but I feel that we can work it out between us without professional help.32. outset: n. beginningThere have been difficulties with this firm right from the outset.You should decide at the outset what kind of learning program you want to follow. From the outset he had put his trust in me, the son of his old friend.33. optimistic: a hoping or believing that what happens in the future will be good or successfulI’ve applied for the job but I’m not very optimistic about my chances of getting it. The president says he is optimistic that an agreement can be worked out soon.He is in an optimistic mood..34. faculty: n. 1) ( usually with the article “the”) teaching staff of a school, or a university or a college department ( used with either a singular or a plural verb)The faculty has/have been invited to the meeting.2) one department in a university, college, etc.the Faculty of Law / the faculty of Social and Political Sciences3) one of the natural abilities of a person’s body or mindthe faculty of hearing / the faculty of sight35. insult: vt. speak or act rudely to sb.I felt very insulted when I didn’t even get an answer to my letter.n. a rude remark or actionThe drivers were standing in the road yelling insults at each other.Some television advertisements are an insult to people’s intelligence.36. curse: v. 1) swear at sb. or sth.; use rude language to express one’s angerHe dropped the box, cursed, and began to pick up the contents.They cursed the traffic, realizing they would be late.2) use a word or words to express an evil wishShe cursed his family.n. 1)a word used for expressing anger; a swear wordHe uttered a curse.2) a word or words expressing the wish that sth. terrible will happen to sb.The witch put a curse on him.The family seemed to be under a curse.37. kind of: (infml) rather; a little bitI’m kind of worried about the interview.I’m kind of tired from reading.Compare:of a kind: 1) very much the sameThe friends were two of a kind--- very similar in so many ways.2) of poor qualityThe village has a bus service of a kind----- two buses a week!Compare:a kind of: (infml) used for describing sth. in a way that is not very clearI had a kind of feeling that something would go wrong.There’s a funny kind of smell in here.IV. Summary: We learn a lot of new words and phrases as well as grammars. We also learn many things about question and answer technique.V. Homework: Preview Section BSection B Cultural Differences in Western and Japanese Decision- MakingI. GreetingsII. Review:Answer the questions: 1. What is the Hyde School famous for?2. What principle does the Hyde School operate on?III. Start the new lesson1. Introduction: All roads lead to Rome. This expression means that there are many different ways to achieve the same goal. This passage compares Western and Japanese approaches to decision- making in business. After reading it, we will learn about how different countries and organizations approach the same problem in the different ways.2. Discourse analysis:Part I (Paras.1-4): The different problem-solving ways in Japan which result from different, complex background are neither better nor worse than those in America. Part II (Paras.5-6): When solving problem, Japanese prefer “you to you”to “I to you”.Part III (Paras.7-8): Japanese are liable to “consensus opinion”and “bottom –up direction”when making decision.Part IV (Paras.9-12): Japanese think highly of harmony in communication, and once succeed they’ll put it into use right now.Part V (Paras.13-17): Commitment and sense of responsibility of Japanese are still important in the machine times.3. Language points1. complex: a. made up of several connected parts and often difficult to understand; complicated a complex system of managementYou can’t expect to find a simple solution when the problem is so complex.n. 1) a group or set of things, esp. buildings, designed for a particular purposea shopping complex / a sports complex2) a mental problem that causes sb. to worry or be upset about sth.an inferiority complexHe’s got a complex about his height.2. come to grips with ( also get to grips with): start dealing with a problem in an effective wayThe new president’s first task is to come to grips with the economy.The government is still trying to get to grips with inflation.3. extreme: a. 1) the greatest or strongest possibleYou must take extreme care when driving at night.She crossed the street with extreme caution.2) as far away as possible; at the very beginning or at the very endKerry is in the room at the extreme of the corridor.4. stability: n. the state or quality of being stableAfter so much change we now need a period of stability.Our production grows in stability.5. mobility: n. the state of moving or being movedTwo cars gave them the freedom and mobility to go their separate ways.6. differ: v. 1) be differentManagement styles differ.How does this car differ from the more expensive model?The story he told the police differed from the one he told his mother.2) have a different opinionI’m afraid I differ with you on that question.The two leaders differed on this issue.7. superior: a. 1) .better than usual or than sb. or sth. elseHe is clearly superior to all the other doctors.She is greatly superior to her husband in education and sensitivity.2) higher in ranka superior officern. .a person of higher rank or positionThe company president, and my immediate superior, is Harry Stokes.8. inferior: a. low or lower in social position, importance, quality, etc.inferior productsHe preferred the company of those who were intellectually inferior to him.I felt very inferior when they started using long words that I didn’t understand. Cheaper goods are generally of inferior quality.n. .a person who has a lower social positionIt was a gentleman’s duty to be always polite, even to his inferiors.9. develop from: grow from: arise out ofThis tall tree develops from a small seed.Who knows what results will develop from your first success?10. negotiation: n .talks or discussions in which people try to decide or agree on sth. enter into a negotiation / break off a negotiationThe salary is a matter for negotiation.The negotiations were extremely difficult.11. distinguish from: show the difference between; set apart fromElephants are distinguished from other animals by their long noses.There is something about music that distinguishes it from all other art forms.12. from one’s point of view: from one’s position in life; in one’s opinionFrom my point of view it would be better to wait a little longer.From your point of view it would be better if you could come tomorrow, but you may not want to.From an advertiser’s point of view, television is a wonderful medium.Compare:in one’s opinion: as one thinksIn my opinion, people watch too much television.13. thereby: ad. In that wayWe started our journey early, thereby avoiding most of the traffic.Our bodies can sweat, thereby losing heat.A firm might sometimes sell at a loss to drive a competitor out of business, and thereby increase its market power.14. set up:cause or produce; establishThe event set up a chain reaction in the stock markets.A special committee has been set up to examine the details of the suggestion.15. harmony: n. a state of complete agreement ( in feelings, ideas, etc.)There is said to be a lack of harmony within the government.We now come to realize that the idea that man should dominate nature rather than live in harmony with it is wrong.16. consensus: n .agreement among a group of peopleWe have reached a consensus after a long discussion.The consensus among the world’s scientists is that the world is likely to warm up over the next few decades.But there is no consensus among the scientists about the causes of the global warming.17. consideration: n. 1)the act of thinking about sth. carefully or for a long timeI have given some consideration to the idea but I don’t think it would work.After careful consideration, we regret that we cannot offer you the position.Several proposals are under consideration by the committee.2) the quality of thinking about other people’s wishes and feelingsYou should turn your music down out of consideration for your neighbours.They showed consideration for other travelers.18. be true of: be valid, relevant, or applicable toThe same is true of all other cases.I accept that the romance may have gone out of the marriage, but surely this is true of many couples.Compare:be true to: be loyal toDavid was true to his wife. / She has been true to her word.19. drive: n. a great effort by a group of people in order to achieve sth.a sale driveThey have played an important role in the drive towards peace.20. unity: n. the situation in which people are united or in agreementa national unityThe choice was meant to create an impression of company unity.They met to discuss the future of European economic unity.21. consult: v ask sb. or look sth. up in a book, etc. to get information or advice. You should consult a doctor if the symptom get worse.He consulted the map to find the shortest route.You’d better consult your teacher about the paper.22. fall through: fail to be completedThe plan fell through when it proved too costly.Our trip to Japan has fallen through.23. delicately: adv. skillfully; carefullyShe stepped delicately over the broken glass.I phrased my comment delicately so as not to upset her.24. owing to: because ofThe match was cancelled owing to the bad weather.Compare:due to: because of ; caused byHis absence was due to the storm. / He arrived late due to / owing to the storm.25. as well as : in addition toHe’s worked in Japan as well as Italy.26. successive: a .following one after the othertwo visits on successive daysJackson was the winner for a second successive year.27.press for: urge; demand; keep requestingThe rent collector is pressing for payment again.We must press for a reduction in the number of students in a class.Many parents have been pressing for the local school to be reopened.28. wonder at: be surprised byI wonder at your allowing him to do such a thing.I don’t wonder at your shock.I don’t wonder at her falling asleep in the middle of the play; it was very uninteresting performance.29. move forward: go aheadAt last the line of people waiting to go into the cinema began to move forward. They are moving forward into a better life.30. lag behind: be slower than; fail to remain level withIn steel production, they lag behind the rest of Europe.He deliberately lagged behind so he could have a cigarette.We must not lag behind other nations in our efforts to help those people made homeless at the great floods.Production is lagging behind last year’s total.31. take ( the) time: use a certain amount of one’s time to do sth; make an effortWhile he was in Britain making a film, he took time to see his parents.He can’t even take time to visit his wife in hospital.32. fundamental: a. important or basic; from which everything else developsThere will be fundamental changes in the way the school is run.There is a fundamental difference between the Japanese approach and the American one.33. take pride in: feel pleased and proud aboutThe manager took great pride in his team’s success.We take pride in offering you the highest standards.34. discard: vt. throw sth. away because it is not usefulLook for discarded bottlesHe is not the one who would discard his old friends.35. transaction: n. a piece of business; the act of transactingfinancial transactionsThe store manager attended to the transaction of important matters himself.36. volume: n. 1)the amount of sth.The volume of passenger travel on the railways increases during the Spring Festival.2) the amount of space that sth. contains or occupiesWhat is the volume of this sphere?A kilo of feathers is greater in volume than a kilo of gold.3) a book, esp. one of a set or seriesThe library has over 100,000 volumes.The dictionary comes in three volumes.37. feasible: a. possible to doa feasible plan / She questioned whether it was feasible to increase investment in these regions.The “I to you”approach is fine in the US, but it’s not feasible in Japan.38. sophisticated: a. 1) ( machines, systems, etc.) advanced and complicated sophisticated computer equipment / sophisticated weapons2) having or showing a lot of experience of the world and social situations; knowing about things such as fashion, new ideas, etc.She’s a very sophisticated young woman.She learned all kinds of social manners to make herself sophisticated.39. operational: a. 1)of or about operationsoperational costsThe nuclear industry was required to prove that every operational and safety aspect had been fully researched.2) ( of things) in operation; ready for useThe new machines are not yet operational.The whole system will be fully operational by December 2003.40. insist on: say or demandHe always insists on the best.My parents insist on coming to see me.41. sincere: a. ( of feelings or behavior) true; not pretendedPlease accept our sincere apologies.There was such a sincere expression of friendliness on both their faces that it was a joy to see.( of people) honest; not pretendingDo you think she was being sincere when she said she admired me?He is sincere in in his views about her personality.42. in a pinch: if necessary but with some difficultyWe really need three but we could manage with two at a pinch.Six people, and more in a pinch, could be seated comfortably at the table.43. convert to: change to or use sth. elsePlease as they grow older often convert to new ways of thinking.Does electricity convert easily to other forms of power?Difficulties were caused when Britain converted to chemical money system.44. dismiss: vt. 1) order an employee to leave his or her jobHe was dismissed for refusing to obey orders.She was dismissed from her post for being late often.2) allow sb. to leaveThe lesson ended and the teacher dismissed the class.He dismissed the children as soon as they got back to the school.45. provided: conj. on the condition thatShe agreed to go and work abroad provided that her family could go with her. Provided that they are fit I see no reason why they shouldn’t go on playing for another four or five years.46. exert: vt .make use of sth.He exerted considerable influence on the thinking of his students on the issue. Parents exert a powerful influence on their children’s opinions.exert oneself: make an effortThey get so absorbed that they don’t realize how much they’re exerting themselves. You won’t make any progress if you don’t exert yourself a bit more.47. loyalty: n. 1) the quality of being faithfulA dog is capable of great loyalty to its master. / I have said my word of loyalty to the king.2) a feeling of friendship that makes one faithful towards sth. or sb.I know where my loyalties lie. / She developed strong loyalties to her husband’s family.IV. Summary: We learn a lot of new words and phrases as well as grammars. We also learn many things about reading skills—predicting an author’s ideas. We also know that different cultures lead to different decision-making.V. Do Exercises of Text Book and Exercise BookVI. Homework: Preview Unit 4 Section A。
lecture_3
Derivational Morpheme (derivational affix)
(派生语素/词素): A derivational morpheme is always conjoined to other morphemes to form a new word. It changes the lexical meaning of the original morpheme and usually changes word class. e.g. “de-” in “debone” and “-ness” in “meanness”. Many derivational affixes have a specific lexical meaning; Quite a number of them have more than one meaning. e.g. “de-”has four meanings: (a) to undo what has been done, to reverse the action of. e.g. decentralize, decode (b) to remove e.g. debone (c) to reduce e.g. devalue (d) (esp. in grammar) coming from something else: e.g. a deverbal noun
The differences between root, stem, base:
nation (root, stem, base) national (base) international (base) internationalist (stem, base) internationalists
Unit3-现代大学英语精读2课件PPT
Gardening enables people to stay hopeful for the future.
Assignment
• Exercise on Page67-69
Word Study
➢1965, Elected the first American president of International Pen
➢1993, awarded the National Medal of Arts
➢ 2001, selected for the Jefferson Lecture, the U.S government's highest honor for achievement in the humanities
His Works
Death of a Salesman 1949; 1984 movie starring Dustin Hoffman)
The Crucible, 1953, 1996 movie starring Daniel Day-Lewis
• A conflict between the two countries could easily spread across the whole region.
• (fighting or a war, armed/military/violent conflict)
• Many of these ideas appear to be in conflict with each ot college sweetheart, 1940
Marilyn Monroe, 1956
➢ Brief affair in 1951 ➢ Accompanied Miller to his 1956 trial ➢Made The Misfits with Miller as the scriptwriter ➢Divorced in 1961
新编大学英语(第四版)视听说教程3教学课件B3U3
success
1 The leader of the company walks along the borderline between “ _t_h_e_p_o__ss_i_b_le_ ” and “ _th__e_n_o_t_p_o_s_s_ib__le_ .”
develop a deeper understanding of business activities.
CONTENTS
1 Warming up 2 Listening & speaking 3 Viewing & speaking 4 Unit project 5 Further listening
Warming up
12 Below are two buttons. If you press the red button, you can get $1,000 in cash, 100 percent. If you press the blue one, there’s a 50-50 chance that you’ll get $3,000 in cash, or you’ll get nothing at all. You have only one chance to press a button. Which one would you choose, and why?
3 The business of life
UNIT
Learning objectives
Upon completion of this unit, you will be able to: • discuss different aspects of economics and
Lecture 3
Lecture 3 Subject-verb Concord II
3.1 Problems of Concord with a Coordinate Subject 3.2 Problems of Concord with Expressions of Quantity as Subject 3.3 Other Problems of Subject-verb Concord
6 one in / out of +plural noun the verb takes singular form in formal style. but in informal style it can be plural
One in ten students has / have failed the exam. One out of twenty was / were badly damaged.
II. Coordination with or/ either… or/ nor/neither… nor/not only ... but also
1. Here the problem of concord is generally dealt with according to the principle of proximity. 2. But in informal style, items coordinated by “neither… nor”, “not only ... but also” can sometimes be regarded as plural.
Lecture3 How to make an apology letter
I would like to offer my sincere apology for any inconvenience
during your stay here. Some rooms in our hotel are under repair. I am
gret really sorry if it disturbs you.
Practical Reading
Exercise 2:read the letter again and match the expressions with their relevant functions.
Practical Reading
satisfying compensation, sincere tone, take the responsibility…
• The letter should not be lengthy yet brief and concise. • Make sure you include all the needed information. Explain
why the error occurred. • Accept your mistake and take responsibility for it. • Assure your customers that the incident will never happen
during your stay here. Some rooms in our hotel are under repair. I am really sorry if it disturbs you.
To make it up to you, we’ll offer you a free breakfast and a 10% discount on the accommodation fee. Please do not hesitate to let me know if you need any further assistance.
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Practical Writing
Design an academic calendar for the following situation. You may refer to the calendar in Practical Reading. From 10 Aug. to 23 Aug., 25 students from Juniata College in the US will
10: 40— 11:00
Interestin g Southern dialects
13:00—14:30 S p e a k i n g activities
学术日程表要 包括4要素：
title date time activities
Practical Reading
Title
Date
Time
21 July
Landscape of the south of America
B
Food culture of the south of
22 July
America
9:00—11:00
Music of the south of America
23 Julyห้องสมุดไป่ตู้
in the 19th century
24-25 July 9:00—16:00
Unit3 Going abroad
Lecture3 How to design an academic calendar
Learning objectives: （学习目标）
1. The semester and vacations of western college. 2. Practical writing : learn to design an academic
calendar of a summer program.
Practical Reading
Get some knowledge about summer program and academic calender.
What the summer program and academic calendar means? 暑期项目和校历是什么意思?
Activities
课程标题 开课日期 上课时间
任务/活动
9:00—10:40 Cross-cultural communication skills
课程C标题 14 July—开18课日1期0: 40—11:00上课In时te间resting South任er务n d/i活ale动cts
July
13:00—14:30 Speaking activities
8月10日至8月23日，25名W来a自rm美i国nJgunuiatpa学院的学生将
对成都职业学院进行为期两周的访问。为这个暑期项目设计 一个学术日历。日程表应该包括语言讲座、学生活动和文化 探索。
Practical Writing
Design an academic calendar for the following situation. You may refer to the calendar in Practical Reading.
Practical Reading
Read the following academic calendar of a summer programme.
During this two-week summer programme, students from Weihai Vocational College will attend language classes, take part in cultural projects and off-campus excursions in South Carolina College in the US.
A
26 July 9 :00—14 :00
Trip to the Sea Islands Plantation tour
27 July 9 :00—14 :00
Church tour
A. Off-campus excursions 校外旅行
B. Southern American culture 南美文化
Dear Mr Smith,
Please accept my sincere apology for delivery of the wrong product due to a clerical
error.
C We’ll also pay for the shipment. To make it up to you,
在这个为期两周的暑期项目中，威海职业学院的学生将在美国南卡罗来纳 学院参加语言课程、参加文化项目和校外游览。
A. Off-campus excursions B. Southern American culture C. Language workshops
校外旅行 南美文化 语言培训班
Practical Reading
01 pay a two-week visit to Chengdu Vocational College. Design an academic
calendar for this summer programme. The calendar should include language lectures, student activities and cultural exploration.
Title
Date
Time
Activities
01
Warming up
Practical Writing
Read and complete the following letter with the sentences given.
A. You’re most welcome to visit our store again. B. we’ll send you a voucher you could use the next time you shop at our store. C. We’ll deliver the product you ordered as soon as possible.
Summer program offers adults of all ages and backgrounds an intensive learning experience with the opportunity to live in some university. 暑期项目为所有年龄和背景的成年人提供了一个深入学习 的机会，住在一些大学。
Practical Writing
Read and complete the following letter with the sentences given.
A. You’re most welcome to visit our store again. B. we’ll send you a voucher you could use the next time you shop at our store. C. We’ll deliver the product you ordered as soon as possible.
Read the following academic calendar of a summer programme.
Title 课程标题
Date 开课日期
14 July—18 July
Time
Activities
上课时间
任务/活动
9:00—10:40 Cross- cultural communication skills
B.
I sincerely apologise again, and I assure you that this type of incident will not happen
again.
A.
Yours truly,
Chris Wang