2020年广东实验中学高三英语上学期期末试题及答案解析

2020年广东实验中学高三英语上学期期末试题及答案解析
第一部分阅读（共两节，满分40分）
第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项
A
A medical capsule robot is a small,often pill-sized device that can do planned movement inside the body after being swallowed or surgically inserted. Most models use wireless electronics or magnets or a combination of the two to control the movement of the capsule. Such devices have been equipped with cameras to allow observation and diagnosis, with sensors that “feel,” and even with mechanical needles that administer drugs.
But in practice, Biomechatronics engineer Pietro Valdastri has found that developing capsule models from scratch (从头开始) is costly, time-consuming and requires advanced skills. “The problem was we had to do them from scratch every time,” said Valdastri in an interview. “And other research groups were redeveloping those same modules from scratch, which didn’t make sense.”
Since most of the capsules have the same parts of components: a microprocessor, communication submodules, an energy source, sensors, and actuators (致动器), Valdastri and his team made the modular platform in which the pieceswork in concertand can be interchanged with ease. They also developed a flexible board on which the component parts are snapped in like Legos. The board can be folded to fit the body of the capsule, down to about 14 mm. Additionally, they compiled (编译) a library of components that designers could choose from, enabling hundreds of different combinations. They arranged it all in a free online system. Designers can take the available designs or adapt them to their specific needs.
“Instead of redeveloping all the modules from scratch, people with limited technological experience can use our modules to build their own capsule robots in clinical use and focus on their innovation,” Valdastri said.
Now, the team has designed a capsule equipped with a surgical clip to stop internal bleeding. Researchers at Scotland’s Royal Infirmary of Edinburg have also expressed interest in using the system to make a crawling capsule that takes images of the colon(结肠). One research group, led by professors at the Institute of Digestive Disease of the Chinese University of HongKong, is making a swimming capsule equipped with a camera that pushes itself through the stomach.
One limitation of Valdastri’s system is that it’s only for designing models. Researchers can confirm their hypotheses (假设) and do first design using the platform, but will need to move to a custom approach to develop their capsules further and make them practical for clinical use.
1. According to the passage, Valdastri and his team created the platform to ________.
A. adopt the latest technologies
B. make their robots dream come true
C. help build specialized capsule robots
D. do preciser observation and diagnosis
2. What does the underlined phrase “work in concert” mean in Para.3?
A. Perform live.
B. Run independently.
C. Act in a cooperative way.
D. Carry on step by step.
3. What can be learnt from the passage?
A. Valdastri’s system can’t provide a complete capsule creation.
B. The modular platform is more useful than a custom approach.
C. The capsules can move in human’s body automatically.
D. It costs more to module the capsules on the board.
B
The herd of elephants moving north after leaving the Xishuangbanna National Nature Reserve in Yunnan province has drawn widespread public attention, with tens of millions of people following its movement on TV programs and social media platforms.
But this is not because it’s the first time wild Asian Elephants have wandered away from their habitat and headed northward, but for only this time the herd has traveled more than 400 kilometers as far as Kunming. Photographs, videos and stories of the herd’s movement have sparked widespread discussions even overseas.
However, there is a need to go behind the “cute photos” and the seemingly “fantastic” event and identify the reasons why wild elephants are leaving their habitat, and find ways to establish harmonious human-animal relationship within habitats and the surrounding forests and human settlements. It is important to scientifically mark the limits of the habitats for elephants and other animals in Xishuangbanna and elsewhere in the country for ecological reasons as well.
Planting trees is a key and fundamental step toward restoration of nature. Yet long-term investment and a more scientific approach are needed to maintain the remaining forests as well as to extend the forest cover and strengthen conservation.
Nevertheless, tree cover alone doesn’t mean a suitable habitat for all animals, for different species need different types of vegetation to survive and breed. The elephant herd in Yunnan is a reminder that we have to
scientifically conserve the existing forests and turn them into suitable habitats for different species of animals and birds, which will ultimately benefit humans.
More ambitious targets should be set to rebuild or improve the food chain, and measures taken to ensure forest resources help wildlife flourish, in order to establish a harmonious human-animal relationship.
Forests around the globe are still shrinking, particularly those in tropical and developing countries. The next decade therefore will be extremely important for the world’s forests and wildlife, and China can play a leading role in saving them by better protecting its forests and expanding its forest cover.
4. Why has the herd of elephants caused so much public interest?
A. There exist heated discussions in the whole country even overseas.
B. TV programs and social media platforms want to benefit from them.
C. They are the first wild Asian Elephants to leave their natural habitat.
D. The elephants has traveled a long distance and lived in harmony with humans.
5. What can we infer from the third paragraph about the “fantastic” event?
A. More research on the reasons behind the event is required.
B. Scientists need to limit the habitats for elephants and other animals.
C. People should find ways to have a good relationship with elephants.
D. There’s an urgent demand for detailed information about the elephants.
6. Which method is provided in the passage to restore nature?
A. Expanding the coverage of forest.
B. Getting the government’s policy support.
C. Bringing up various ways to protect the forests.
D. Offering more kinds of vegetation to all animals.
7. What does this event of elephants leaving their habitats remind us to do?
A. To set more goals to change the food chain.
B. To be aware of the situation of the existing forests.
C. To realize harmonious coexistence of human and nature.
D. To reduce the destruction of the forests around the globe.
C
A 25-year-old American with a university degree can expect to livea decade longer than a peer who dropped out of high school. Although researchers have long known that the rich live longer than the poor, this education
gap is less well documented. And although the average American’s expected span(预期寿命) has been smooth in recent year—and, shockingly, even fell between 2015 and 2017—that of the one-third with a bachelor’s degree has continued to lengthen.
This gap in life expectancy is growing, according to new research published in the report of the National Academy of Sciences. Anne Case and Angus Deation ofPrincetonUniversityfound that the lifespans of those with and without a bachelor’s degree started to become different in the 1990s and 2000s. This gap grew even wider in the 2010s.
What is the link between schooling and longevity(长寿)? Some argue that better-educated people develop healthier lifestyles: each additional year of study reduces the chances of being a smoker and of being overweight. The better-educated earn more, which in turn is associated with greaterhealth.
Ms Case and Mr Deaton argue that changes in labor markets, including the rise of automation and increased demand for highly-educated workers, coupled with the rising costs of employer-provided health care, have decreased the supply of well-paid jobs for those without a degree. This may be contributing to higher rates of alcohol and drug use, suicide and other “deaths of despair”.
The authors argued that the educational gap in mortality(致死率) will widenin the wake ofthe covid-19 pandemic. ForAmerica’s overall life expectancy to start climbing again, improvements will be needed across all social groups, not just among the privileged few.
8. When did the lifespans of people with and without a degree vary greatly?
A. In the 1990s.
B. In the 2020s
C. In the 2000s
D. In the 2010s
9. According to the article, changes in labor markets reduce jobs for those without a degree. Which change is NOT included?
A. The rising spending of employer-provided health care.
B. The gap in life expectancy.
C. Raised request for better-educated workers.
D. The development of automation.
10. What does the underlined phrase “in the wake of” probably mean ?
A. after
B. until
C. before
D. while
11. What is the best title for the text?
A. Changes in labor market.
B. Quit bad habits by Further study
C. Educated Americans live longer.
D. Highly-educated people develop healthier lifestyles.
D
After almost an entire year of not going shopping and vacationing, you find the numbers reflected by your bank account meet your heart’ s desire.
Now the most important question comes, what to do with the earnings? Should you fulfill dreams of the present, invest in preserving the future or perhaps keep saving it for a rainy day?
Our elders always try to teach us the value of money and its moral weakness. One may be on a winning streak (连续成功) now, but it will not always be so. One will have days when there will be no sunshine but only rain, and their luck will hide behind those thick grey clouds. Save for those rainy days, they say. Do not spend too much, live within a budget,refrain fromcredit no matter how small and save for the future.
Since the very first time we earn our own money from a summer job or earning our first salary, the lessons start. In fact, the pocket money that we receive when we are children begins the process of learning how to best manage one’ s money.
People often think like this — one day when I have enough money, I will travel the world. Then, once we do earn enough money, tomorrow’ s plans start shadowing our present ones. However, is it wise to keep living for that future? Will we still enjoy or even be able to backpack in our 50s? How will we ever enjoy our present if we are constantly living for the future?
Good questions, aren’ t they? I say travel but don’ t let yourself run dry, treat yourself to some luxuries but also keep enough for your necessities, and enjoy your present but with a plan for the foreseeable future. Life is for the living, so live it sensibly.
12. Why do elders teach us to save money?
A. Because there are more rainy days in life.
B. Because no one can win streak.
C. Because good days may end.
D. Because money can’t buy everything.
13. What does the underlined phrase “refrain from” mean in Paragraph 3?
A. select from
B. hold back
C. rely on
D. prefer to
14. Which of the following opinions would the author agree?
A. To enjoy yourself in the right time.
B. To wait to travel until we have enough money.
C. To go backpacking in our 50s.
D. To live for the future.
15. What should we do with the earnings according to the author?
A. We should save all for rainy days.
B. We should fulfill our dreams.
C. We should entertain ourselves.
D. We should live the present wisely.
第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。

选项中有两项为多余选项When you start a new job, you’ll probably be introduced to a lot of new people on your first day. And it’s important to make a good impression. The following are some practical tips to help you.
Show up early
This might seem easy, but many people don’t do it.____16____.To make sure you can arrive early, give yourself extra time to get ready in the morning and to travel to your destination.
___17___
It can be difficult to find the right balance between having an influence on your new role, and disturbing the balance of the delicate office ecosystem. You don’t want to walk in and get into trouble, but you also don’t want to fade into the background, either.
Take plenty of notes
It’s a great idea to bring a small notebook and pen with you on your first day for taking down notes. Don’t be shy about recording information that you know will be useful to you later, like names and passwords. You’re likely to face data-overload on your first day.____18____.
Watch your body language
You’ve probably read that body language is important for job interviews, but it can also be a valuable tool in creating a lasting impression when you start a new job. On your first day, be careful of conveying powerful body language.____19____.And do your best to avoid negative body language, such as yawning, frowning, or standing with your hands in your pockets.
Step away from social media
While on your first day at the office you must have all sorts of feelings—nerves, anxiety, joy, even boredom—resist the desire to share it on social media. When it comes to updating your friends and followers about the status of your newfound employment, always be cautious and assume your bosses are watching.____20____.
A. Almost certainly, they will in fact
B. Be positive and show interest
C. Be enthusiastic, but not overbearing(自大的)
D. Smile often and look people in the eye
E. Body language is what we should avoid
F. Arriving 5 to 10 minutes early gives you time to settle in
G. So taking notes is a great way to keep on top of things
第二部分语言运用（共两节，满分45分）
第一节（共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分）
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项
完形填空（共20小题；每小题1分，满分20分）
If winning is everything, British anthropologists（人类学家）have some advice: Wear red.Their survey of four sports at the 2020 Olympic Games shows competitors were more___21___to win their contests___22___they worered uniforms or red body armor.
"Across a___23___of sports, we find that wearing red is consistently associated with a higher probability of winning," report Russell A.Hill and Robert A.Barton of the University of Durham in England.Their findings are in Thursday's___24___of the journal Nature.
Red is___25___with emotions.When people get___26___, their faces turn red.It’s also a reason why stop signs are red.
___27___, the color1 ’s effect may also subconsciously threaten opponents___28___athletic contests, especially when the athletes are___29___in skill and strength, the researchers suggest.
In their____30____, the anthropologists analyzed the results of four combat sports at the summer games: boxing, tae kwon do, Greco-Roman wrestling and freestyle wrestling.
In those____31____, the athletes were randomly（随机地）assigned____32____protective gear and other sportswear.Athletes____33____red gear won more often in 16 of 21 rounds of competition in all four events.
The effect was the same_____34_____weight classes, too: 19 of 29 classes had more red winners, and only
four rounds had more blue winners.The red____35____might also come into play in team sports.
The anthropologists analyzed the Euro 2020 International Soccer Tournament,____36____which teams wore jerseys of different color1 s in different matches.They found that five teams _____37_____more goals and won more often when they wore shirts that were predominantly red, as____38____to blue or white jerseys.
Scientists don't exactly know how wearing red might give athletes a(n)____39____.But the color1 delivers hidden messages of vigor and_____40_____.
21. A. possible B. probable C. likely D. like
22. A. if B. as C. until D. unless
23. A. list B. range C. bunch D. reach
24. A. issue B. report C. magazine D. story
25. A. regarded B. treated C. come D. associated
26. A. angry B. pleased C. depressed D. sad
27. A. Naturally B. Fortunately C. Similarly D. Strangely
28. A. on B. in C. with D. to
29. A. match B. different C. equal D. special
30. A. finding B. explanation C. survey D. information
31. A. affairs B. events C. incidents D. matters
32. A. red B. blue C. white D. color1 ful
33. A. pulling on B. putting on C. dressing D. wearing
34. A. because of B. instead of C. regardless of D. as a result of
35. A. effect B. affect C. result D. side
36. A. on B. for C. in D. about
37. A. completed B. scored C. received D. kept
38. A. fought B. opposed C. competed D. beat
39. A. achievement B. chance C. comfort D. advantage
40. A. danger B. pleasure C. surprise D. disappointment
第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式
Hanfu, meaning “Han clothing”, is based on the costumes____41.____(wear) by China's Han ethnic (种族的) group in the past. Some of the most popular styles are from the Ming, Song and Tang____42.____(dynasty).
In recent years, it____43.____(become) popular though there are some opposite views. About three-quarters of Hanfu lovers are between 16 and 24 years old. Members of this generation often see it____44.____a way to rediscover Chinese traditional culture. It's pretty exciting____45.____(see) young Chinese people building up their self-confidence and developing their individuality to show the world what they love. For more Chinese, this dress style might become a good starting point to____46.____(far) explore the beauty ofChina's long history and rich culture.
Li Siting, president of the Hunan Hanfu Culture Promotion Association, often communicates with people from____47.____(variety) places. Last year, she attended the 7th Chinese music conference inWuhan,____48.____she met overseas Chinese culture lovers____49.____(come) fromJapan,France,Argentinaand other places for the first time. Many people think Hanfu is not only the perfect bridge for young people to connect with Chinese culture,_____50._____a medium to promote Chinese culture.
第四部分写作（共两节，满分40分）
第一节短文改错（满分10分）
51.文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。

每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。

增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（∧），并在其下面写出该加的词。

删除：把多余的词用斜线（＼）划掉。

修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。

注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；
只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。

I am Li Hua, senior high school student. I had recently learnt on the Internet you are helping students with spoken English by offer an online course. I am writing to ask you for some help.
I have learnt English for more than four years and I really like English. However, my spoken English is such poor that I can not communicate with foreigners free. My broken English always discourages you from opening my mouth. I am really worrying. I hope if you can help me with my spoken English. I believe that I can make many progress with your help.
I would appreciate it if you could agree to helping me. I am looking forward to your reply.
第二节书面表达（满分25分）
52.假定你是李华，你的英国朋友Robin想到中国留学，但对中国大学的情况了解很少，于是寻求你的帮助。

请你给他回一封电子邮件，内容包括：
1.表示欢迎；
2.推荐大学；
3.你的期待。

注意：1.词数80左右；
2.请在答题卡的相应位置作答。

参考答案
1. C
2. D
3. A
4. D
5. A
6. A
7. C
8. D 9. B 10. A 11. C
12. C 13. B 14. A 15. D
16. F 17. C
18. G 19. D
20. A
21. C 22. A 23. B 24. A 25. D 26. A 27. C 28. B 29. C 30. C 31. B 32.
A 33. D 34. C 35. A 36. C 37.
B 38. B 39. D 40. A
41. worn
42. dynasties
43. has become
44. as 45. to see
46. further
47. various
48. where/ and
49. coming 50. but
51.(1).senior前加a
(2).had→have
(3).offer→offering
(4).such→so
(5).free→freely
(6).you→me
(7).worry→worried
(8).去掉if/if→that
(9).many→much
(10).helping→help
52.略。