SV-analysis-2001
合集下载
- 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性，平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
- 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
- 3、如文档侵犯您的权益，请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间：9:00-18:30)。
– non-traditional commute patterns – tax base issues – battles between new & old homeowners
Key drivers for success & Conclusion
• Better planning can ameliorate the situation, but it is difficult for one county or jurisdiction to do it by itself. Regional planning needed. • Remember the informal linkages Remember the pitfalls of using linear projections of the recent past
Should the SV experience be duplicated elsewhere ?
• This approach leads to land-use problems with large campus settings • It causes a new version of the problems with the growth of suburbs:
“the prototype of the close inter-relationship between industry, the university, and the entrepreneurs in developing the science-based electronics complex in Santa Clara County”
The question
“Because so many regions of the world seek to duplicate the success of SV, I’m wondering if the set of circumstances and culture was not a factor of time and place, to such an extent, that make its extremely difficult to be duplicated and copied, even with the most intensive financing and direct governmental efforts to create similar technology parks.”
The Silicon Valley Model: Its Development and Example for the Global IT Sector
Yale M. Braunstein School of Information Management & Systems University of California Berkeley, CA 94720 U.S.A. October 1999
A brief history of SV - 1
• Stanford University founded 1886 • First classes in 1891 • 1912: Lee de Forest at Federal Telegraph Company invents the vacuum tube:
The answer -- Outline
• It is difficult to duplicate the SV experience because people have misunderstood the nature of the “story” by thinking that all you need are: – science park – venture capital – university • But the nature of the relationships between companies and with universities are very important • SV has first-mover advantage in many specific technologies • Networks may allow for decentralization
Housing
Congestion
Pollution
• There are many ways to look at the issue of pollution and damage to the environment. • These charts are from the Silicon Valley Toxics Coalition:
• Industry definitions
– are constant although industries undergo technological change – manufacturing does not equal “high tech” – software often hidden in “services” sector
Outline
• A brief history of SV • Data on growth • Categorization of benefits and problems – generally growth-induced • Prospects • Can the SV experience be duplicated elsewhere? • Should the SV experience be duplicated elsewhere? • Key drivers for success
Prospects - 2
• Two reports from Joint Venture: Silicon Valley illustrate many of the concerns
– Silicon Valley 2010 is sub-titled “A Framework for Growing Together” – Internet Cluster Analysis analyzes SV’s position in the “Internet industry” and compares it to 7 other areas
Brief digression on data
• “Good” data are difficult to obtain
– – – – SV does not equal Santa Clara county SV grew out of Bay Area (five or more counties) SV may have grown out of “mid-peninsula” area SV may include parts of Alameda and Santa Cruz counties
SV Benefits
• Economic growth
– – – – higher income new jobs new enterprises new “industries”
• High tech - higher education relationships • “Clean industries” • Good “corporate citizens”
– overall wealth – leading spenders on R&D
• corporations, universities, national labs
– network of labs (“centers of research”) attract young scientists and engineers from all over – intellectual climate conducive to innovation – policies to promote innovation & commercialization
SV Problems -- Overview
• • • • • • • • Cost of living Gentrification and income gaps Housing Congestion Pollution Trade deficits boom(s) and bust(s) others
Can the SV experience be duplicated elsewhere ?
• SV remains the best place to set up a new company
– talent base – lower entry costs
Can the SV experience be duplicated elsewhere ?
• Formal policy announced 1954 • 25 tenants with 11,000 employees in 1961 • 60 tenants with 19,000+ employees by 1970 (Rapid growth tied to invention of the IC)
– Toxic chemical point sources – Cumulative exposures – Contaminated groundwater sites
Trade deficits
Silicon Valley and the “New Economy”
• Reasons for U.S. leadership include:
(Lesson: SV is not an entirely new phenomenon)
A brief history of SV - 3
• Stanford Industrial Park (1951)
– Varian (1951) – Hewlett-Packard (1952) – Lockheed (1956)
• Comparisons between SV and Rt. 128 around Boston • SV has a network of loose linkages, not vertical integration.
– Q&A with AnnaLee Saxenian at “What we can learn from Silicon Valley” (Stockholm, June 1998) at: emb.se/Silicon/
A brief history of SV - 2
• Over 300 new companies located in the Santa Clara Valley between 1945 & 1960, including:
– – – – – – – Varian Associates (1948) Hewlett-Packard Ford IBM Lockheed GE Sylvania
• Bayh-Dole Act (1980) allows recipients of government grants to retain title in inventions
Prospects - 1
• Preview of next few slides:
– More population growth – Slowing of job growth – Continued job/housing imbalance
Key drivers for success & Conclusion
• Better planning can ameliorate the situation, but it is difficult for one county or jurisdiction to do it by itself. Regional planning needed. • Remember the informal linkages Remember the pitfalls of using linear projections of the recent past
Should the SV experience be duplicated elsewhere ?
• This approach leads to land-use problems with large campus settings • It causes a new version of the problems with the growth of suburbs:
“the prototype of the close inter-relationship between industry, the university, and the entrepreneurs in developing the science-based electronics complex in Santa Clara County”
The question
“Because so many regions of the world seek to duplicate the success of SV, I’m wondering if the set of circumstances and culture was not a factor of time and place, to such an extent, that make its extremely difficult to be duplicated and copied, even with the most intensive financing and direct governmental efforts to create similar technology parks.”
The Silicon Valley Model: Its Development and Example for the Global IT Sector
Yale M. Braunstein School of Information Management & Systems University of California Berkeley, CA 94720 U.S.A. October 1999
A brief history of SV - 1
• Stanford University founded 1886 • First classes in 1891 • 1912: Lee de Forest at Federal Telegraph Company invents the vacuum tube:
The answer -- Outline
• It is difficult to duplicate the SV experience because people have misunderstood the nature of the “story” by thinking that all you need are: – science park – venture capital – university • But the nature of the relationships between companies and with universities are very important • SV has first-mover advantage in many specific technologies • Networks may allow for decentralization
Housing
Congestion
Pollution
• There are many ways to look at the issue of pollution and damage to the environment. • These charts are from the Silicon Valley Toxics Coalition:
• Industry definitions
– are constant although industries undergo technological change – manufacturing does not equal “high tech” – software often hidden in “services” sector
Outline
• A brief history of SV • Data on growth • Categorization of benefits and problems – generally growth-induced • Prospects • Can the SV experience be duplicated elsewhere? • Should the SV experience be duplicated elsewhere? • Key drivers for success
Prospects - 2
• Two reports from Joint Venture: Silicon Valley illustrate many of the concerns
– Silicon Valley 2010 is sub-titled “A Framework for Growing Together” – Internet Cluster Analysis analyzes SV’s position in the “Internet industry” and compares it to 7 other areas
Brief digression on data
• “Good” data are difficult to obtain
– – – – SV does not equal Santa Clara county SV grew out of Bay Area (five or more counties) SV may have grown out of “mid-peninsula” area SV may include parts of Alameda and Santa Cruz counties
SV Benefits
• Economic growth
– – – – higher income new jobs new enterprises new “industries”
• High tech - higher education relationships • “Clean industries” • Good “corporate citizens”
– overall wealth – leading spenders on R&D
• corporations, universities, national labs
– network of labs (“centers of research”) attract young scientists and engineers from all over – intellectual climate conducive to innovation – policies to promote innovation & commercialization
SV Problems -- Overview
• • • • • • • • Cost of living Gentrification and income gaps Housing Congestion Pollution Trade deficits boom(s) and bust(s) others
Can the SV experience be duplicated elsewhere ?
• SV remains the best place to set up a new company
– talent base – lower entry costs
Can the SV experience be duplicated elsewhere ?
• Formal policy announced 1954 • 25 tenants with 11,000 employees in 1961 • 60 tenants with 19,000+ employees by 1970 (Rapid growth tied to invention of the IC)
– Toxic chemical point sources – Cumulative exposures – Contaminated groundwater sites
Trade deficits
Silicon Valley and the “New Economy”
• Reasons for U.S. leadership include:
(Lesson: SV is not an entirely new phenomenon)
A brief history of SV - 3
• Stanford Industrial Park (1951)
– Varian (1951) – Hewlett-Packard (1952) – Lockheed (1956)
• Comparisons between SV and Rt. 128 around Boston • SV has a network of loose linkages, not vertical integration.
– Q&A with AnnaLee Saxenian at “What we can learn from Silicon Valley” (Stockholm, June 1998) at: emb.se/Silicon/
A brief history of SV - 2
• Over 300 new companies located in the Santa Clara Valley between 1945 & 1960, including:
– – – – – – – Varian Associates (1948) Hewlett-Packard Ford IBM Lockheed GE Sylvania
• Bayh-Dole Act (1980) allows recipients of government grants to retain title in inventions
Prospects - 1
• Preview of next few slides:
– More population growth – Slowing of job growth – Continued job/housing imbalance