2016年GRE阅读制胜法则：长难句解析（4）

1. Although these molecules allow radiation at visible wavelengths, where most of the energy of sunlight is concentrated,to pass through,they absorb some of the longer-wavelength,infrared emissions radiated from the Earth's surface,radiation that would　otherwise be transmitted back into space. (4)
虽然这些分⼦允许可见波长(visible wavelength)的辐射——阳光的绝⼤部分能量就汇集于此——不受阻挡地穿透，但它们却会吸收某些较长波长(longer- wavelength)，亦即从地球表⾯辐射出的红外发射(infrared emission)，这种辐射若不是⼆氧化碳的缘故就会被重新输送回太空。

难句类型：复杂修饰、抽象词
解释：前⾯的分句中有⼀个不算很长的插⼊语，但是因为它插⼊的位置正好在固定搭配allow something to do somthing中间，将allow和to分得很远，所以读起来让⼈感觉很不舒服。

后⾯的分句中的最后⼀⾏radiation that would otherwise be transmitted back into space是其前⾯的infrared emissions的同位语。

其中的otherwise是副词作状语，表⽰如果后⾯的分句所说的they absorb some of the longer-waverlength, infrared emissions不发⽣时的后果。

意群训练：Although these molecules allow radiation at visible wavelengths, where most of the energy of sunlight is concentrated, to pass through, they absorb some of the longer-wavelength， infrared emissions radiated from the Earth's surface,radiation that would　otherwise be transmitted back into space.
2. The role those anthropologists ascribe to evolution is not of dictating　the details of human behavior but one　of imposing constraints—ways of　feeling,thinking,and acting that　"come naturally" in archetypal situations in any culture. (4)
这些⼈类学家所归诸于⽣物进化的作⽤，不是规定⼈类⾏为的种种细节，⽽是将各种限制强加于⼈类——即在任何⽂化的典型情景中都会“⾃然表露”的情感、思维、以及⾏动⽅式。

难句类型：复杂修饰、省略
解释：尽管我们很熟悉the role of something的这种表达，但本句中the role of被作者胜利很活。

⾸先，在role后⾯有⼀个省略了引导词that的定语从句(因为role在从句中作ascribe的宾语)，这样就把role和系动词is隔得很远。

其次，but前⾯的句⼦的主要结构The role is not of doing something其实是The role is not the role of doing something的省略形式，因为后⾯的the role 与前⾯的完全重复，如果不把它省略掉，谁看到都要觉得啰嗦。

因为同样的道理，but之后的one of imposing constraints实际上是is one role of imposing constraints的省略形式。

意群训练：The role those anthropologists ascribe to evolution is not of dictating the details of human behavior but one of imposing constraints— ways of　feeling, thinking,and acting that　"come naturally" in archetypal situations in any culture.。