专题08 非谓语动词(一)-2019年高考提升之英语语法考点讲解与真题分析(一)(原卷版)

2019年高考提升之语法考点讲解与真题分析
08 非谓语动词（一）（原卷版）
非谓语动词是高考考查的最重要的内容之一。

非谓语动词内容繁多，形式多样，很多学生深感头疼。

其实，同学们只要从非谓语动词的作用与形式两个方面入手，非谓语动词的所有问题便可迎刃而解。

1．非谓语动词的作用：非谓语动词可以作主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语和补语。

2．非谓语动词的形式
一非谓语动词作主语
1.不定式和动名词作主语
不定式和动名词都能作主语，动名词作主语表示比较抽象的、一般的动作；不定式则多表示更具体的某一次的动作，尤其是将来的动作。

1. _________ along the old Silk Road is an interesting and rewarding experience. （2018北京）
A. Travel
B. Traveling
C. Having traveled
D. Traveled
答案：B。

解析：这里是作主语，用动名词；表示一般动作，用一般式。

2．______ a new house is impossible for the young couple because they haven't saved enough money．(2016江苏)
A．Buy B．Buying C．Bought D．Having bought
答案：B。

解析：这里是作主语，用动名词；表示一般动作，用一般式。

3. ______ the difference between the two research findings will be one of the worst mistakes you
make. (2015安徽)
A. Ignore
B. Ignoring
C. Ignored
D. Having ignored
答案：B。

解析：这里是作主语，用动名词；表示一般动作，用一般式。

4. He told us whether __________ a picnic was still under discussion. (2009四川)
A. to have
B. having
C. have
D. had
答案：A。

解析：这里是“疑问词(whether) + 不定式”在宾语从句中作主语。

2.it作形式主语
不定式作主语时，由于结构的需要，常用it作形式主语，而将不定式后置；动名词在个别结构中作主语时也可后置，主要有It’s no use/good/need doing sth.等。

1. No matter how bright a talker you are, there are times when it’s better ______ silent.
(2012浙江)
A. remain
B. be remaining
C. having remained
D. to remain
答案：D。

解析：不定式作主语后置，it是形式主语。

2. It’s no use ______ without taking action.(2011上海)
A. complain
B. complaining
C. being complained
D. to be complained
答案：B。

解析：it’s no use后接动名词；complain是不及物动词，故用主动式。

3. The doctor thought ______ would be good for you to have a holiday. (2010 全国)
A. this
B. that
C. one
D. it
答案：D。

解析：thought后是一个宾语从句，从句的真正主语是不定式的复合结构for you to have holiday，故用it作形式主语。

二. 非谓语动词作宾语
1. 不定式作宾语。

以下动词只能接不定式作宾语：afford, agree, aim, appear, apply, arrange, beg, claim, decide, demand, desire, determine, expect, fail, happen, hope, manage, offer, plan, prepare, pretend, promise, refuse, seem, remain, strive, tend, threaten, undertake, volunteer, want, wish等；动词decide, discover, discuss, explain, know, learn, show, tell, think, understand, wonder等常跟“疑问词+ 不定式”作宾语。

1. I can’t stand ____ with Jane in the same office. She just refuses ____ talking while she works. (2006北京) A．working; stopping B．to work; stopping
C．working; to stop D．to work; to stop
答案：C。

解析：stand后只能接动名词作宾语；refuse后只能接不定式作宾语。

故选C。

2.动名词作动词和介词的宾语
以下动词只能接动名词作宾语：admit, advise, allow, appreciate, consider, delay, enjoy, escape, finish, forbid, imagine, keep, mind, miss, permit, practice, risk, stand, suggest, understand等。

1. One learns a knowledge by making mistakes and ______ them. (2012北京)
A. corrects
B. correct
C. to correct
D. correcting
答案：D。

解析：and连接两个并列的动名词作介词by的宾语。

2. Bill suggested __________ a meeting on what to do for the Shanghai Expo during the vacation. (2009上海)
A. having held
B. to hold
C. holding
D. hold
答案：C。

解析：suggest后只能接动名词作宾语；动名词动作发生在句子谓语动词动作之后，用一般式。

3. I hear they’ve promoted Tom, but he didn’t mention __________ when we talked on the phone. （2008江西）
A. to promote
B. having been promoted
C. having promoted
D. to be promoted
答案：B。

解析：mention后只能接动名词作宾语；动名词动作发生在句子谓语动词动作之前，且与逻辑主语he之间是被动关系，故用动名词完成式的被动式。

4. — Can I smoke here?
—Sorry. We don’t allow __________. （2007江苏）
A. people smoking
B. people smoke
C. to smoke
D. smoking
答案：D。

解析：suggest后只能接动名词作宾语。

3.有些动词和固定短语既可跟不定式又可跟动名词，但意思完全不同。

to do 记住做…to do 遗憾地要做…
remember regret
doing 记得曾经做过…doing 后悔做了…
to do 忘了做…to do 尽力做…
forget try
doing 忘记曾经做过…doing 试着做…
to do 企（意）图做…to do 停下正在做的事情去做另一件事
mean stop
doing 意味着…doing 意味着…
to do 做完一件事接着做另一件事
go on
doing 不停地做同一件事
1. I remembered the door before I left the office, but forgot to turn off the lights. (2012安徽)
A. locking
B. to lock
C. having locked
D. to have locked
答案：B。

解析：句意：我离开办公室的时候还记着要锁门，但是忘了关灯了。

remember表示“记着要做某事”，后面要接不定式。

2. Susan wanted to be independent of her parents. She tried __________ alone, but she didn’t like it and moved back home. （2008湖南）
A. living
B. to live
C. to be living
D. having lived
答案：A。

解析：try后接动名词表示“试着做”，后接不定式表示“尽力做”。

根据上句可知本句应为“她想试着独立生活”，故用动名词。

3. — Robert is indeed a wise man.
—Oh, yes. How often I have regretted __________ his advice. （2007 安徽）
A. to take
B. taking
C. not to take
D. not taking
答案：D。

解析：regret后跟不定式表示“遗憾地……”，跟动名词表示“后悔做了某事”，根据句意“后悔没有采纳你的建议”可知，应用动名词的否定式。

4．不定式或动名词作宾语，后面还有宾语补足语时，不定式或动名词要后置，而在宾语的位置用it作形式宾语。

We feel ___ our duty to make our country a better place. (2011天津)
A. it
B. this
C. that
D. one
答案：A。

解析：A it做形式宾语，真正的宾语是后面的不定式短语to make our country a better place。

5. 用动名词的一些结构（这些结构中动名词一般作宾语）
只能用动名词的结构有：be busy/through/worth, be used/accustomed to (习惯于…), look forward to, get down to, turn to, feel like, give up, can’t help, what/how about, devote…to, prefer…to…, have
difficulty/trouble/problem/fun/a good/hard time, There is no use/need/good, It’s no use, when it comes to等。

1.I didn't mean _________anything but the ice cream looked so good that I couldn’t help_______ it. (2018天津)
A.to eat；to try
B. eating；trying
C. eating；to try
D. to eat；trying
答案：D。

解析：mean后接动名词表示“意味着”，后接不定式表示“意图，打算”；can’t help doing表示“情不自禁想做”，由句意“我本没打算吃东西，但冰激凌看上去这么诱人，我就情不自禁地想尝一尝。

”
可知选D。

2. When it comes to ________ in public, no one can match him. （2014江西）
A. speak
B. speaking
C. being spoken
D. be spoken
答案：B。

解析：when it comes to doing表示“说到做……”；speak表示“说”时是不及物动词，故用主动式。

3. When Peter speaks in public, he always has trouble _______ the right things to say. (2012上海)
A. thinking of
B. to think of
C. thought of
D. think of.
答案：A。

解析：A have trouble (in) doing sth是固定句型，意为“做某事有困难”。

4. Lydia doesn’t feel like ______ abroad. Her parents are old. (2011四川)
A. study
B. studying
C. studied
D. to study
答案：B。

解析：feel like后接动名词。

6. 用不定式的一些结构
只能用带to的不定式的结构有：do/try one’s best, make up one’s mind, should/would like/love, be used (用于做…), prefer…rather than（不带to）, be said/supposed/reported, It’s better等；只能用不带to的不定式的结构有：would rather, had better, why not, can not but, can not help but, do anything/ everything/ nothing but,等。

1. If he takes on this work, he will have no choice but __ an even greater challenge. (2012陕西)
A. meets
B. meeting
C. meet
D. to meet
答案：D。

解析：介词后一般接带to的不定式，但在do something/anything/everything/nothing but结构中，but后接不带to的不定式。

2. The message is very important, so it is supposed ___ as soon as possible.（2008陕西）
A. to be sent
B. to send
C. being sent
D. sending
答案：A。

解析：be supposed后要接不定式。

message和send是被动关系，应用不定式的被动式。

3. —It’s a long time since I saw my sister.
—__________ her this weekend? （2007 全国）
A. Why not visit
B. Why not to visit
C. Why not visiting
D. Why don’t visit
答案：A。

解析：提出建议可用Why not do ...? 或Why don’t you / we do ...?
三非谓语动词作表语
不定式、动名词和分词都能作表语。

近年高考主语考查分词作表语的情况。

现在分词作表语主要表示主动，过去分词表示被动。

1. For those with family members far away, the personal computer and the phone are important in staying
________.（2014福建）
A. connected
B. connecting
C. to connect
D. to be connected
答案：A。

解析：
2．While waiting for the opportunity to get , Henry did his best to perform his duty. （2014安徽）
A. promote
B. promoted
C. promoting
D. to promote
答案：B。

解析：
3. In April, thousands of holidaymakers remained ______ abroad due to the volcanic ash cloud. (2010 福建)
A. sticking
B. stuck
C. to be stuck
D. to have stuck
答案：B。

解析：remain在此是系动词，后接分词作表语。

逻辑主语holidaymakers和stick是被动关系，故用过去分词，表示状态。

Remain作不及物动词时，后接不定式。

4. Ladies and gentlemen, please remain __________ until the plane has come to a complete stop. (2009四川)
A. seated
B. seating
C. to seat
D. seat
答案：A。

解析：remain在此是系动词，后接分词作表语。

逻辑主语ladies and gentlemen与seat之间是被动关系，故用过去分词。

四非谓语动词作定语
不定式、动名词和分词都能作定语。

近年来高考主要考查不定式和分词作定语，所以对动名词作定语不再赘述。

1．分词作定语，现在分词多表示主动或进行，过去分词多表示被动或完成。

1. Jim has retired, but he still remembers the happy time _______ with his students. （2017北京）
A.to spend
B. spend
C. spending
D. spent
答案：D。

解析：作定语修饰time，表示被动和完成，应用过去分词。

2. The national park has a large collection of wildlife, _______ from butterflies to elephants. (2017北京)
A.Ranging
B. range
C. to range
D. ranged
答案：A。

解析：作定语，range是不及物动词，故用现在分词。

3. The park was full of people ____ themselves in the sunshine. (2015北京)
A. having enjoyed
B. enjoyed
C. enjoying
D. to enjoy
答案：C。

解析：作定语修饰people，表示主动和进行，应用现在分词。

4. The producer comes regularly to collect the cameras to our shop for quality problems. (2014重庆)
A. returning
B. returned
C. to return
D. to be returned
答案：B。

解析：作定语修饰cameras，表示被动和完成，应用过去分词。

2．不定式作定语与其所修饰的名词主要构成主谓关系、动宾关系和同位关系。

构成主谓关系最明显的特征是名词前有序数词，或最高级修饰。

不定式与其所修饰的名词构成动宾关系时，如果不定式动词是不及物动词，则不定式动词后要加相应的介词。

1. I was watching the clock all through the meeting, as I had a train ______.(2017天津)
A. catching
B. caught
C. to catch
D. to be caught
答案：C。

解析：不定式作定语，与所修饰的名词构成动宾关系。

2. V olunteering gives you a chance ______ lives, including your own. (2013北京)
A. change
B. changing
C. changed
D. to change
答案：D。

解析：不定式作定语，与所修饰的名词构成同位关系。

3. The students are looking forward to having an opportunity ______ society for real life experience. (2013 上海) A．explore B．to explore C．exploring D．explored
答案：B 。

解析：不定式作定语，与所修饰的名词构成同位关系。

3．表示将来的动作用不定式作定语。

1. There are still many problems ___ before we are ready for a long stay on the Moon. (2014北京)
A. solving
B. solved
C. being solved
D. to be solved
答案：D 。

解析：表示将来的动作，要用不定式；problems与solve是被动关系，故用不定式的被动式。

2. The airport _______ next year will help promote tourism in this area. (2013四川)
A. being completed
B. to be completed
C. completed
D. having been completed
答案：B 。

解析：表示将来的动作，要用不定式；airport与complete是被动关系，故用不定式的被动式。

3. We’re having a meeting in half an hour. The decision ______ at the meeting will influence the future of our
company. (2012重庆)
A. to be made
B. being made
C. made
D. having been made
答案：B 。

解析：表示将来的动作，要用不定式；decision与make是被动关系，故用不定式的被动式。

巩固练习
1. _____ basic first-aid techniques will help you respond quickly to emergencies.
A. Known
B. Having known
C. Knowing
D. Being known
2. Birds’ singing is sometimes a warning to other birds ______ away. (2012北京)
A. to stay
B. staying
C. stayed
D. stay
3. The parents suggested __________ in the hotel room but their kids were anxious to camp out during the trip.
A. sleep
B. to sleep
C. sleeping
D. having slept
4. The club, _______ 25 years ago, is holding a party for past and present members. (2012上海)
A. founded
B. founding
C. being founded
D. to be founded
5. _______ how others react to the book you have just read creates an added pleasure.
A. Hearing
B. Hear
C. Having heard
D. To be hearing
6. “Genius” is a complicated concept, _______ many different factors.
A. involved
B. involving
C. to involve
D. being involved
7. If you think that treating a woman well means always __________ her permission for things, think again.
A. gets
B. got
C. to get
D. getting
8. Look over there —there’s a very long winding path ______ up to the house.
A. leading
B. leads
C. led
D. to lead
9. The two girls are so alike that strangers find ______ difficult to tell one from the other.
(2011山东)
A. it
B. them
C. her
D. that
10. The ability _______ an idea is as important as the idea itself.
A. expressing
B. expressed
C. to express
D. to be expressed
11. Please remain __________; the winner of the prize will be announced soon. （2008辽宁）
A. seating
B. seated
C. to seat
D. to be seated
12. I have a lot of readings _____ before the end of this term.
A. completing
B. to complete
C. completed
D. being completed
13. — The last one __________ pays the meal.
—Agreed!
A. arrived
B. arrives
C. to arrive
D. arriving
14. Shortly after suffering from a massive earthquake and to ruins, the city took on a new look.
A. reducing
B. reduced
C. being reduced
D. having reduced
15. In some languages, 100 words make up half of all words ______ in daily conversations.
A. using
B. to use
C. having used
D. used。