非谓语动词作主语和定语

4. There were several new events ________( add) to the program for the 2008 Beijing Olympic Games. 5. The prize of the game show is $30,000 and an all expenses _________( pay) vacation to China. 12. The repairs cost a lot, but it’s money well ______( spend). 35. I was told that there were about 50 foreign students ________(study ) Chinese in the school, most of whom were from Germany. 36. The Chinese are proud of the 29th Olympic Games ________(hold) in Beijing in 2008. 43. The wild flowers looked like a soft orange blanket __________( cover) the desert. 55. Five people won the “China’s Green Figure” award, a title _______(give ) to ordinary people for their contributions to environmental protection.
•
It’s very kind of you to help me. 你能帮我,真好. It’s clever of you to work out the maths problem. 你真聪明,解出了这道数学题.
It’s very dangerous for children to cross the busy street. 对孩子们来说,穿过繁忙的街道很 危险. It’s difficult for us to finish the work.对我们来说,完成这项工作 很困难.
• (3)There be • A. There • 例子： • There is
结构中作主语：
表示不可能做某事
is no+doing
no knowing the future ==we can’t know the future. 我们不可能知道未来发生什么
There is no telling what he is going to do．说出他要干 什么是不可能的。
Of 还是 for？
It is + adj. + of + sb. + to do sth. 这里的形容词是描述不定式行 为者的性格、品质的,如 kind,good,nice,right,wrong,cl ever,careless,polite,foolish等
•
It is + adj. + for + sb. + to do sth. 若形容词仅仅是描述事物,不是 对人的评价,用for sb.,这类词有 difficult,easy,hard,important, dangerous,（im）possible等.
• (3)There be
• A. There • B. There
(1)动名词直接置于句首。
• Watching
news on TV has become a routine believing.
for me.
• Seeing is
(2)V-ing 形式作主语时常后置,用it作形式主语。
playing video games
is a waste of time .
It is a waste of time playing video games .
形式主语
真正主语
常见句式:
• It
is no good/no use/ useless doing sth is a waste of time doing sth
• 做、、、没有用的 • It • 做、、、是浪费时间的
• Talking is
easier than doing. was blue like I’d never known. was dark grey all alone.
• Losing him
• Missing him
动名词作主语时，单个V-ing 做主语，谓语动词用单数。
• Collecting stamps and running are his hobby.
• 一.
The usage of V-ing form used as subject
动名词做主语往往表示经常性、习惯性的动作或状态。
• Watching news • Talking is
on TV has become a routine for me.( 经常 性、习惯性的动作) easier than doing.(状态）
非谓语动词作主语
• 一、动名词（V.ing）作主语
• Losing him
• Missing
was blue like I’d never known
him was dark grey all alone
• Forgetting • But
him was like trying to know somebody you’ve never met loving him was red~~~

过去分词表示其动 作已经完成或没有 时间性. She is a trained nurse. 她是一个受 过训练的护士。

*如果动作不是和谓语同时发生或正在发生， 则只能用定语从句。
3. 动名词作定语，只放在名词前，说明该名词 的性能或用途

The doctor told me not to take sleeping pills. 医生叫我不要服安眠药。
4. to be done, being done, done 均可用作定语，且都表示 被动意义，其区别在于：to be done 表示将来，being done 表示目前正在发生，done 表示过去已经发生。 The house to be built next year is a cinema. 明年建的那 座房子是家电影院。 The house being built now is a cinema. 现在正在建的房 子是家电影院。 The house built last year is a cinema. 去年建的那座房子 是家电影院。
非谓语动词做定语
1. 不定式作定语，要放在它所修饰的名词 之后，表示一个将来的动作。如：
• They • She
have three tickets to spare. 他们多三 张票。
has plenty of clothes to wear. 她有足够 的衣服穿。 句型 the first to do
• There is
no say将要发生什 么是不可能的。
B.There is no point doing 做某事没有意义
• There’s
no point having wishes if you don’t at least try to do them.
He is always the first one to come to school and the last to leave.
•
•
2.分词作定语
现在分词表示其动 作正在发生或与谓 语同时发生. There is a gentleman asking to see you. 有一位 先生要求见你。
两个或两个以上表达不同意义的V-ing 作主语，谓语动词 用复数。
• 主谓一致：
• Seeing
____ (be) believing.
• Watching TV and
reading books _______(has) become a routine for me.
• 一.
动名词做主语的用法 • (1)动名词直接置于句首。 • Talking is easier than doing. • (2)Ving 形式作主语时常后置,用it作形式主语 • It is a waste of time doing sth • (3)There be 结构中作主语： • A. There is +no doing • B. There is no point doing
二、不定式（to+动词原形）作主语
1、直接做主语 例句： To hesitate means failure.犹豫不决就意味着失败。 To do this is to cut the foot to fit the shoe.这样做是 削足适履。（主语和表语均用不定式） For him to admit his mistakes is not easy.要他承 认错误是不容易的。（带逻辑主语） To be working all day long is a bore.整天干活使人 厌倦。（不定式进行式） To have known you is a privilege.认识了你真是荣 幸。（不定式完成式）

Since Tom went to high school, _watching______(watch) TV has become a routine for him. His mother always said “it’s waste of time__spending___(spend) time in front of TV.” However, Tom always answers “I can keep a balance between studying and watching TV.” As you know, talking __is__(be) easier than doing. Later, Tom doesn’t do well in the final exam and he is so sad. Tom’s mother knows that there is no point___scolding____(scold) him now. so she comforts him and said “ it is no use ___crying___(cry) over spilt milk. There is no ___telling___(tell) what you can do, just try your best.
单个V-ing 做主语，谓语动词用单数。

Since Tom went to high school, _______(watch) TV has become a routine for him. His mother always said “it’s waste of time_________(spend) time in front of TV.” However, Tom always answers “I can keep a balance between studying and watching TV.” As you know, talking ________(be) easier than doing. Later, Tom doesn’t do well in the final exam and he is so sad. Tom’s mother knows that there is no point_________(scold) him now. so she comforts him and said “ it is no use _________(cry) over spilt milk. There is no _________(tell) what you can do, just try your best.
• 一.
动名词做主语的3种句型
easier than doing.
• (1)动名词直接置于句首。 • Talking is
• (2)Ving
• It
形式作主语时常后置,用it作形式主语 结构中作主语：
is a waste of time doing sth is +no doing is no point doing
2.It做形式主语
• It's
unlike him to be late.他可不是迟到的那种人。 How does it feel to be on your own?自由自在的感觉 怎样？ It would be wrong for people to marry for money.人 们为钱而结婚是错误的。（It+be+形容词+for短语+不 定式） It's a shame to say like that.那样说话是可耻的。 （It+be+名词+不定式） It is against may principles to do such a thing.做这 样的事是违反我的原则的。（It+be+介词短语+不定式）