部编五年级【英语】小学英语阅读理解技巧与训练+练习题(答案解析)

部编五年级【英语】小学英语阅读理解技巧与训练
（一）、阅读理解一般分为故事幽默类、说明、科普类等。

1故事幽默类一般前面都在为幽默做铺垫，只有读到最后才能显现出幽默之出来。

这类短文一般难度不大，认真阅读，仔细选择，问题都可以解决，如Write a Letter to Mary, A Dirty Boy, On the Bus 等
2小学的说明,科普类短文都十分浅显,只要具备一点科普常识都会读懂的,如,Time, the Spring Festival .等,即使文章较长,问题也十分明显，从文中都能找到答案.
同学可动手做做下题：根据短文内容选择答案.
1.Sam is very good at school, but he is not clean. His face and hands are often dirty. He washes them with water only. He does not use soap(肥皂).
Sam has an uncle. One day his uncle goes to see him. He looks at him and says, “Sam, I know what you ate for breakfast this morning.”
“What?” Sam looks at his uncle and says.
“Eggs” says his uncle, “Your face and mouth tell me that.”
“You are wrong, uncle!”says Sam, “Not today or yesterday,but the day before yesterday(前天)!”( )(1).Who is Sam?
A. He is English.
B. He is a student. C He is a young pioneer. D He is a teacher.
( )(2) What’s the Chinese for “dirty”?
A. It’s “ 脏的“. B It’s “干净的” C It’s “坏的“ D It’s “好的”
( )(3) What’s on Sam’s face and mouth?
A Eggs.
B Soap
C Water
D Bread
( )(4) Which of these is not wrong?
A Sam doesn’t wash his face and hands every day.
B. The uncle thinks the boy ate eggs last morning.
C Sam doesn’t like eggs at all.
D. Sam doesn’t know his uncle.
（二）、解题时有以下几种方法：
（1）略读法：关键是在能抓住文章要点的前提下以个人最快的速度阅读，获得足够的信息以便准确地回答有关文章主旨和大意的问题。

要特别注意文章首尾两段，第一段往往点明文章主题或作者意图，而最后一段则常常总结归纳或重述文章的主要内容。

要学会寻找文章段落的主题句，因为把每段主题句的意思综合起来实际上就是全文的中心思想，文章的主题句也可能出现在段落中间或结尾。

（2）查阅法：考生可以不需要阅读整篇文章，而只需找出可能包含所需信息的部分，然后加以阅读就行。

查阅法主要用于获得具体的信息，即谁、什么、什么时间、什么地点、什么原因以及如何发生等有关或者具体的数字。

（3）同义互释法：在小学升学考试中有些深层理解或者判断推理的问题可以采用同义互释法。

（4）判断推理法：有时4个题项中不止一个可以作为答案项，这时就应该意识到该题是一个判断推理题。

要根据文章的主旨和作者的意图，选择比较，去伪存真，选出切合文章主旨和作者意图的最佳答案。

（三）、同学们在做阅读理解时应注意的问题有哪些？
１、弄清文章体裁，快速理解文章。

对不同体裁的文章，要根据其体裁特点，运用不同的方法快速阅读，正确理解。

记叙文一开始交待人物、时间、地点、事件，然后详细叙述原因。

议论文中，作者先提论点，再加以分析，或举例论证，得出结论。

说明文中，作者先提出说明对象，然后从时间、空间、用途、方法、步骤等不同侧面加以说明。

２、仔细研读首尾句，预测文中细节。

小学升学考试英语文章往往隐去了标题，这给抓文章中心带来了困难。

然而，英语的写作特点一般是按"总-分-总"这一思路来写的。

因此，研读首、尾句，不但可以帮助考生抓住文章的内容，还可以揣测作者的态度、意图，从而进一步猜出作者着重要写的细节。

３、略读选答，带问阅读。

做英语阅读理解题时，首先应浏览一遍所提问题及选项，然后带着这些问题有目的、有针对性地阅读文章。

４、联系生活常识，及早排除错误选项。

阅读理解中四个选项，有时有一个或两个与常识或其他学科中所学的知识不相符。

我们可先将其排队在阅读中对所剩下的选项进行筛选就容易多了。

5、解题前要仔细通读全文，遇到难解的词组和句子不要急躁，尽量根据上下文悟出其义，解题时要"带着问题读查短文"分析判断，整题解完后要认真复查。

6、注意不要改变自己的阅读习惯。

有的考生先看题目后看文章，有的先看文章再看题目，你平时怎么练，考试就怎么做。

临时改变自己的习惯效果往往不好。

其次，看清楚题目是概括中心型还是推理判断性。

概括某一段的中心时注意这一段的首句和尾句；推理判断题要注意题目问的是作者的态度，不是你的态度。

（四）、判断正误。

对于阅读试题中的判断正误题，相对比较简单，但学生的出错率仍然较大，究其原因，学生不懂判断的方法，通常是读完试题之后，凭着自己对阅读文章的大致印象判断。

事实上判断试题与选择、填空的做题方法基本一致，仍需找出试题中的关键词，带着关键词，在文中寻找所需信息，然后仔细判断是否与文中信息一致，如一致则正确，，反之错误。

试题：Mary is sick, Mother takes her to the doctor. 首先在试题中寻找关键词：Mary，sick, Mother，doctor.带着这些关键词，在文章中寻找。

由于这是阅读文章的第一个试题，所以我们将答案定位于文章的首段，文中：Mother says: “Mary, Let’s go to the doctor for a check.” “Doctor?” says Mary, “I’m not sick, Why do I need to see the doctor?”此题与文中not sick信息不一致，所以不正确。

最后一题：The doctor gives Mary a shot, It does not hurt at all.由于是最后一题，信息基本在文章的末断，我们只需将信息定位于文章的末断或上一试题信息之后，同样带着关键词shot寻找。

文中 Mary takes a shot, It does not hurt much.试题中：not hurt at all与 not hurt much不相符，所以错误。

二、阅读理解
2．阅读理解阅读短文，判断正误
A young mother and her little girl got on a bus and sat down. The bus conductor(售票员) came to ask them to buy tickets. "I want one ticket to Children's Park," said the mother. The conductor looked at the little girl and said to her, "How old are you?" The girl answered, "Mother says I am six years old at home, but I'm four years old on the bus." The young mother's face turned red, very red. Then she bought a half-price ticket.
（1）The mother and her little girl wanted to go to the zoo.
（2）They went there by bus.
（3）The little girl was four years old.
（4）The mother's face was red because she was very angry.
（5）The meaning of the word "ticket" is chepiao.
【答案】（1）0
（2）1
（3）0
（4）0
（5）1
【解析】【分析】大意：短文讲述了一位年轻的母亲和她的小女孩上了公共汽车去儿童公园，在车上，售票员问小女孩多大了？小女孩说：“妈妈说我在家六岁，但是我在车上四岁。

”小妈妈的脸变红了。

然后她买了一张半价票。

（1）句意：妈妈和她的小女孩想去动物园。

根据 "I want one ticket to Children's Park," said the mother. 可知妈妈和她的小女孩想去儿童公园，故答案为错误。

（2）句意：他们乘公共汽车去了那里。

根据 A young mother and her little girl got on a bus and sat down. 可知他们乘公共汽车去了那里，故答案为正确。

（3）句意：小女孩四岁。

根据 The girl answered, "Mother says I am six years old at home, but I'm four years old on the bus." 可知小女孩六岁，故答案为错误。

（4）句意：母亲的脸涨红了，因为她很生气。

根据 The young mother's face turned red, very red. Then she bought a half-price ticket. 可知母亲的脸涨红了，因为她很害羞，故答案为错误。

（5）句意：“ ticket ”一词的意思是“票”。

ticket是票的意思，故答案为正确。

【点评】本题考查了阅读理解，先翻译短文，然后根据短文内容，判断句子正确或错误。

3．阅读理解根据短文内容，判断下列句子的正误。

The summer holiday is coming. Everyone is getting ready for middle school life. We have different plans for the summer Holiday. Li Ming will go to summer camp in Britain with Danny. They'll visit some famous places. Peter is going to travel around China. Then he'll go back to Canada with his parents. His grandparents miss them very much. Wang Hong is going to Harbin
with her friends. They will ski there. Guo Yang will travel around the country with his family. And he will take swimming classes. He wants to be a swimming star in middle school.
（1）Danny will go to a summer camp in Britain.
（2）Guo Yang will visit some famous places in Britain.
（3）Peter will go back to Canada with his grandparents.
（4）Wang Hong is going to ski in Harbin.
（5）Guo Yang wants to be a swimming star in middle school.
【答案】（1）1
（2）0
（3）0
（4）1
（5）1
【解析】【分析】大意：短文讲述了李明，丹尼，彼得，王红和郭洋的暑假计划，各不相同。

（1）句意：丹尼将去英国参加夏令营。

根据 Li Ming will go to summer camp in Britain with Danny. 可知丹尼将去英国参加夏令营。

故答案为正确。

（2）句意：郭洋将参观英国的一些著名景点。

根据 Guo Yang will travel around the country with his family. 可知郭洋将和家人周游全国。

故答案为错误。

（3）句意：彼得将和祖父母一起回加拿大。

根据 Peter is going to travel around China. Then he'll go back to Canada with his parents. 可知彼得打算去中国旅游，然后他会和父母一起回加拿大。

故答案为错误。

（4）句意：王红要去哈尔滨滑雪。

根据 Wang Hong is going to Harbin with her friends. They will ski there. 可知王红要去哈尔滨滑雪。

故答案为正确。

（5）句意：郭洋想在中学里成为游泳明星。

根据 He wants to be a swimming star in middle school. 可知郭洋想在中学里成为游泳明星。

故答案为正确。

【点评】本题考查了阅读理解，先翻译短文，然后根据短文内容，判断句子正确或错误。

4．阅读理解读短文，判断下列句子是否正确。

My Chinese teacher is Mr. Chen. He's young and friendly. My English teacher is Miss White. She's young and funny. My PE teacher is Mr. Smith. He's tall and strong. My science teacher is Mr. Zhao. He's old and kind.
（1）Mr. Chen is young and friendly.
（2）Miss White is young and kind.
（3）Mr. Smith is tall and strong.
（4）Mr. Zhao is young and kind.
【答案】（1）1
（2）0
（3）1
（4）0
【解析】【分析】大意：短文讲述了语文老师，英语老师，体育老师和科学老师。

（1）句意：陈老师年轻友好。

根据 My Chinese teacher is Mr. Chen. He's young and friendly. 可知陈先生年轻友好。

故答案为正确。

（2）句意：怀特老师年轻善良。

根据My English teacher is Miss White. She's young and funny. 可知怀特老师年轻有趣。

故答案为错误。

（3）句意：史密斯老师又高又壮。

根据 My PE teacher is Mr. Smith. He's tall and strong. 可知史密斯老师又高又壮。

故答案为正确。

（4）句意：赵老师年轻善良。

根据 My science teacher is Mr. Zhao. He's old and kind. 可知赵老师又老又善良。

故答案为错误。

【点评】本题考查了阅读理解，先翻译短文，然后根据短文内容，判断句子正确或错误。

5．阅读理解读短文，补全菜单。

It's Sunday. Mike will cook for his family. His mother would like some fish and vegetables. His father would like some beef, soup and rice. His grandma would like some bread and a vegetable salad. His grandpa would like some chicken and eggs.
（1）For Mother:________
（2）For Father: ________
（3）For Grandma:________
（4）For Grandpa:________
【答案】（1）fish, vegetables
（2）beef, soup, rice
（3）bread, a vegetable salad
（4）chicken, eggs
【解析】【分析】大意：今天是星期天。

迈克将为他的家人做饭。

他妈妈想要一些鱼和蔬菜。

他父亲想要一些牛肉、汤和米饭。

他奶奶想要一些面包和蔬菜沙拉。

他爷爷想要一些鸡肉和鸡蛋。

（1）词义：给妈妈的。

根据 His mother would like some fish and vegetables. 可知妈妈想要一些鱼和蔬菜， fish鱼, vegetables蔬菜。

故答案为fish, vegetables .
（2）词义：给爸爸的。

根据 His father would like some beef, soup and rice. 可知爸爸想要一些牛肉、汤和米饭， beef牛肉, soup汤, rice米饭。

故答案为beef, soup, rice .
（3）词义：给奶奶的。

根据 His grandma would like some bread and a vegetable salad. 可知奶奶想要一些面包和蔬菜沙拉，bread面包, a vegetable salad蔬菜沙拉。

故答案为bread, a vegetable salad .
（4）词义：给爷爷的。

根据 His grandpa would like some chicken and eggs. 可知爷爷想要一些鸡肉和鸡蛋， chicken鸡肉, eggs鸡蛋。

故答案为chicken, eggs .
【点评】本题考查了阅读理解，首先通读短文，理解大意；其次阅读题干，根据题干信息写出给家人想要的饭菜。

6．阅读理解读短文，判断下列句子与短文内容是否相符。

China is in Asia. It's a very big country. It's bigger than Australia and smaller than Canada. Most of the people in China can have four seasons. But people in South China have three seasons-spring, summer and autumn. They don't have winter. In North China, people have a cold, dry and windy winter every year. People in Kunming only have one season-spring. It's warm and humid（潮湿的）all the year. There you can see green trees and all kinds of beautiful flowers. So "Spring City" is another name of Kunming.
（1）China is bigger than Canada.
（2）There are four seasons in South China.
（3）It's cold and dry in Kunming.
（4）There are green trees and all kinds of beautiful flowers in Kunming.
（5）"Spring City" is another name of Shanghai.
【答案】（1）0
（2）0
（3）0
（4）1
（5）0
【解析】【分析】大意：短文讲述了中国在亚洲，比澳大利亚大，比加拿大小，讲述了中国南方有三季，北方有四季，“春城”是昆明的别称。

（1）句意：中国比加拿大大。

根据It's bigger than Australia and smaller than Canada. 可知中国比加拿大小。

故答案为错误。

（2）句意：中国南部四季分明。

根据But people in South China have three seasons-spring, summer and autumn. 可知中国南部有春夏秋三季。

故答案为错误。

（3）句意：昆明的天气又冷又干。

根据People in Kunming only have one season-spring. It's warm and humid all the year. 可知昆明的天气温暖潮湿。

故答案为错误。

（4）句意：昆明有绿树和各种美丽的花。

根据There you can see green trees and all kinds of beautiful flowers. 可知昆明有绿树和各种美丽的花。

故答案为正确。

（5）句意：“春城”是上海的别称。

根据So "Spring City" is another name of Kunming. 可知“春城”是昆明的别称。

故答案为错误。

【点评】本题考查了阅读理解，先翻译短文，然后根据短文内容，判断句子正确或错误。