哈尔滨工程大学2012级软件设计与体系结构B卷答案

2012级《软件设计与体系结构》B卷标准答案与评分标准一、填空题（每小空1分，共10分）1、创建型模式结构型模式行为型模式2、引用3、单一职责原则4、单例5、耦合6、外观7、函数指针8、适配器二、简答题（共20分）1、答：适用性：迭代器模式支持无需暴露聚合对象内部表示的聚合对象遍历；支持聚合对象的多个遍历同时进行；为遍历不同的聚合结构提供一个统一的接口。

---6分优点：能够简化聚合的接口，使其不被遍历方法污染；并支持多个遍历同时进行，支持不同的遍历技术。

---4分2、答：适用性：对象的行为取决于其状态，并且它必须在运行期根据该状态改变它的行为；一个操作中含有庞大的多分支的条件语句，且这些分支依赖于该对象的状态。

---4分优点：将所有与一个状态相关的行为都放入一个对象中；允许状态转换逻辑结合到状态对象中而不是放入单块的if或switch语句；有助于避免不一致的状态。

---4分缺点：增加了对象的数量。

---2分三、（20分）答：---6分public abstract class Stock extends Observable{private String symbol;private double price;public Stock(String symbol,double price){this.price = price;this.symbol = symbol;}public String getSymbol(){return symbol;}public double getPrice(){return price;}public void setSymbol(String symbol){this.symbol =symbol;}public void setPrice(double price){this.price =price;setChanged();notifyObservers(price);}} ---5分public class Google extends Stock{public Google(String symbol, double price) {super(symbol, price);}} ---2分public class Investor implements Observer{String nameInvestor;String nameStock;double price;public Investor(String nameInvestor,String nameStock){ Investor = nameInvestor;Stock = nameStock;price = 0;}public void update(Observable o, Object arg) {if(arg instanceof Double){price = (Double) arg;System.out.print("通知到股民"+ nameInvestor+ nameStock +"最新股价为： " + price + "\n");}else{System.out.print("通知到股民" + nameStock + "股价没有变！");}}} ---5分public class stockTest {public static void main(String[] args) {// TODO Auto-generated method stubInvestor zhangsan = new Investor("张三","Google");Investor lisi = new Investor("李四","Google");Investor wangwu = new Investor("王五","Google");Google google = new Google("Google",100);google.addObserver(zhangsan);google.addObserver(lisi);google.addObserver(wangwu);google.setPrice(200);google.setPrice(300);}} ---2分四、（20分）答：责任链模式---2分---5分//请求类public class Request {private String requestType;private String requestContent;private int number;public String getRequestType() {return requestType;}public void setRequestType(String requestType) {this.requestType = requestType;}public String getRequestContent() {return requestContent;} public void setRequestContent(String requestContent) { this.requestContent = requestContent;}public int getNumber() {return number;}public void setNumber(int number) {this.number = number;}} ---3分//管理者类public abstract class Manager {protected String name;//管理者的上级protected Manager superior;public Manager(String name){ = name;}//设置管理者的上级public void SetSuperior(Manager superior){this.superior = superior;}//申请请求abstract public void RequestApplications(Request request);}---2分// 总监类public class Majordomo extends Manager {public Majordomo(String name) {super(name);}public void RequestApplications(Request request) { // 总监所能有的权限就是可准许下属一周内的假期if (request.getRequestType() == "请假" &&request.getNumber() <= 5) {System.out.println(name + ":" +request.getRequestContent() + " 数量"+ request.getNumber() + "被批准");} else {if (superior != null)// 其余的申请都需转到上级superior.RequestApplications(request);}}} ---2分// 经理类public class CommonManager extends Manager {public CommonManager(String name) {super(name);}public void RequestApplications(Request request) { // 经理所能有的权限就是可准许下属两天内的假期if (request.getRequestType() == "请假" &&request.getNumber() <= 2) {System.out.println(name + ":" +request.getRequestContent() + " 数量"+ request.getNumber() + "被批准");} else {// 其余的申请都需要转到上级if (superior != null)superior.RequestApplications(request);}}} ---2分// 总经理类public class GeneralManager extends Manager {public GeneralManager(String name) {super(name);}public void RequestApplications(Request request) { if (request.getRequestType() == "请假") {// 总经理可准许下属任意天的假期System.out.println(name + ":" +request.getRequestContent() + " 数量"+ request.getNumber() + "被批准");}// 加薪在500以内，没有问题else if (request.getRequestType() == "加薪" &&request.getNumber() <= 500) {System.out.println(name + ":" +request.getRequestContent() + " 数量"+ request.getNumber() + "被批准");} else if (request.getRequestType() == "加薪"&& request.getNumber() > 500) {System.out.println(name + ":" +request.getRequestContent() + " 数量"+ request.getNumber() + "再说吧");}}} ---2分// 客户端public class Test {public static void main(String[] args) {CommonManager jinli = new CommonManager("金利");Majordomo zongjian = new Majordomo("宗剑");GeneralManager zhongjingli = new GeneralManager("钟精励");jinli.SetSuperior(zongjian);zongjian.SetSuperior(zhongjingli);Request request = new Request();request.setRequestType("请假");request.setRequestContent("小菜请假");request.setNumber(1);jinli.RequestApplications(request);Request request2 = new Request();request2.setRequestType("请假");request2.setRequestContent("小菜请假");request2.setNumber(4);jinli.RequestApplications(request2);Request request3 = new Request();request3.setRequestType("加薪");request3.setRequestContent("小菜请求加薪");request3.setNumber(500);jinli.RequestApplications(request3);Request request4 = new Request();request4.setRequestType("加薪");request4.setRequestContent("小菜请求加薪");request4.setNumber(1000);jinli.RequestApplications(request4);}} ---2分五、（30分）答：组合模式 ---2分----5分public interface IComponent {public void open();public void close();public void add(IComponent object);public boolean remove(IComponent object);public boolean isOpen();public void display();} ----3分// Bag 类:public class Bag implements IComponent{private boolean isOpen;private ArrayList<IComponent> bagList = newArrayList<IComponent>();public Bag(){}@Overridepublic void close() {// TODO Auto-generated method stubSystem.out.println("This Bag is closed.");isOpen = false;}public void open() {System.out.println("This Bag is opening.");isOpen = true;}public boolean isOpen(){return isOpen;}public void display(){if(isOpen){System.out.println("--This Bag have: ");for(int i = 0; i < bagList.size(); i++){System.out.print("------");System.out.println(bagList.get(i).toString());}}else{System.out.println("--This is a Bag");}}public void add(IComponent object) {bagList.add(object);}public boolean remove(IComponent object) {boolean isBag = bagList.remove(object);return isBag;}public String toString(){String string;string = "Bag ";return string;}} ----6分// Box 类:public class Box implements IComponent{private boolean isOpen;private ArrayList<IComponent> boxList = newArrayList<IComponent>();public Box(){}public void close() {System.out.print("This Box is closed.");isOpen = false;}public void open() {if(isOpen)System.out.print("This Box have opened.\n");else{isOpen = true;System.out.print("Box is opening.\n");}}public void display(){if(isOpen){System.out.println("--This Box have: ");for(int i = 0; i < boxList.size(); i++){System.out.print("------");System.out.println(boxList.get(i).toString());}}else{System.out.println("--This is a Box");} }public boolean isOpen(){return isOpen;}public void add(IComponent object) {boxList.add(object);}public boolean remove(IComponent object) {boolean isBox = boxList.remove(object);return isBox;}public String toString(){return"Box";}}----6分// 物品类:public class SingleThing implements IComponent{private String thingName;public SingleThing(String thingName){this.thingName = thingName;}public void add(IComponent object) {System.out.print("It cannot add to " + thingName + ", " + thingName + " isnot bag or box");}public void close() {System.out.println("It cannot open, It's a SingleThing");}public void open() {System.out.println("It cannot open, It's a SingleThing");}public void display(){System.out.println("--This is SingleThing.");}public boolean isOpen() {// TODO Auto-generated method stubSystem.out.println("It cannot open, It's a SingleThing");return false;}public boolean remove(IComponent object) {// TODO Auto-generated method stubSystem.out.print("It cannot remove to " + thingName + ", " + thingName + " isnot bag or box");return false;}public String toString(){String rightString;if(thingName == "Red Ball")rightString = thingName + "\n" + "恭喜你,你已经找到红球";elserightString = thingName;return rightString;}} ----6分public class compositTest {public static void main(String[] args) {// TODO Auto-generated method stubIComponent componentBag1 = new Bag();IComponent componentBag2 = new Bag();IComponent componentSingleThing = new SingleThing("Blue Ball");IComponent componentSingleThingRedBall = newSingleThing("Red Ball");componentBag2.add(componentSingleThingRedBall);componentBag1.add(componentBag2);componentBag1.add(componentSingleThing);componentBag1.open();componentBag1.display();componentBag1.close();componentBag1.display();IComponent componentBox1 = new Box();IComponent componentBox2 = new Box();IComponent componentSingleThing2 = newSingleThing("football");IComponent componentSingleThing3 = newSingleThing("basketball");componentBox1.add(componentBox2);componentBox1.add(componentSingleThing2);componentBox1.open();componentBox1.display();componentBox2.add(componentSingleThing3);componentBox2.add(componentBag1);componentBox2.open();componentBox2.display();componentBag1.open();componentBag1.display();componentBag2.open();componentBag2.display();componentSingleThingRedBall.add(componentSingleThing);}}----2分。