SCI发表技巧

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If the result is too cluttered, use different graphs Keep the scales consistent to compare
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Use different symbols and line types to distinguish multiple plots on the same graph ♦ Include error bars
Use present tense for things that are true when the author writes about them and will still be true in the future when the text is read
Published information or accepted facts
Abstract
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Short summary of the paper
1. 2. 3. 4. Purpose Methods Results Conclusions
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Include likely “search words” Less technical than the article Don't use abbreviations or citations
Discussion
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Move from specific to general
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Your findings
literature, theory, practice
Interpret data in light of published results Highlight the most significant results
1. Method 2. Results 3. Introduction 4. Discussion 5. Abstract 6. Title
Use of tense
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Verb tense
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All formal technical writing uses the past tense
Describing methods and results
objectives and a statement of hypotheses
Methods
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Report what you did to repeat the findings
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No laundry list
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Assume readers have the same basic skills
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Write the abstract last
Introduction
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Provide
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Background information Significance of the problem
Introduction
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Introduction
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Discuss how the data will add knowledge to the field What specific questions you tried to address
your data and place your observations in the context of the field
♦ Then
address the larger significance of the work to the field in general
Scientific writing ♦ Writing order
General rules for figures/tables
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Must have a caption ♦ Using a capitalized name
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Figure 1. Ethylene glycol process flow sheet
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Should stand alone as much as possible ♦ Compare multiple plots, put them on one graph
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Order multiple results logically
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Most to least important Simple to complex Organ by organ, chemical class by chemical class Chronological Spatial
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Success
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The key to success is communication Uses ~80% after graduation
Chinese scientists publish in almost all international journals
Transferable skills
Title
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Fewest words to describe the content
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Avoid
A study of Investigations of Observations on
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Include
A particular species A region
Title
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Statement of the question or problem
Read Write Read Write Read Write Practice Practice Practice Practice Practice Practice
References
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Scientific writing
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Penn State University /jxm57/irp/sciwrit.html Michael Alley, Penn State /csw.html Brenda S. Hoffma, Harvard Medical School /web/20011127041109//fdd/c omm/index.html
Results
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General approach
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Briefly describe experiment without details
A sentence or two
Report main results
Representative: most common Best case: best example of ideal or exception
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Are there any theoretical/practical implications of your work?
Discussion
♦ Summarize ♦ Start
the results in first paragraph
with the specific
♦ Criticize
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Effect of smoking on academic performance • Effect of air quality in Nanjing on public health
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Summarizing the results can be effective
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Students who smoke get lower grades • Air quality in Nanjing adversely impacts public health
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Don’t introduce literature in general terms:
need to be informative
Why is this study of scientific interest and
what is your objective
Move from general to specific information The last sentences should be a statement of
• • •
What principles have been established or reinforced? What generalizations can be drawn? How do your findings compare
To the findings of others To expectations based on previous work?
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Lack of training
A scientific paper
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. Title Abstract Introduction Methods Results Discussions Conclusions Acknowledgement References
A scientific paper
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. Title Abstract Introduction Methods Results Discussions Conclusions Acknowledgement References
To publish papers
What is new and what makes it non-obvious;
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Identify the significance of the results
Implicated improvements and impact.
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Things to avoid
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Do not include the same data in a table and a figure • Too much motivational material • Describe obvious results • Describe unnecessary details