词汇学及相关学科

The nature and domain of lexicology
English lexicology is a theory-
based course. It is chiefly concerned with the basic theories of words in general and of English words in particular. 英语词汇学是以现代语言学理论为指导， 以英语词汇为研究对象的课程。
The nature and domain of lexicology
Lexicology is a branch of linguistics, inquiring into the origins, meaning and uses of
words. 词汇学是语言学的一个研究领域， 主要研究词汇的来源、词义以及词 的用法的学科。
Vocabulary and grammar are
organically related to one another. In learning a language, attention to grammar is as important as attention to vocabulary. Grammar , for example, tells us how to form words into sentences.
Aims and Significance of the Course
The understanding of the semantic
structures of words, the types of meaning and their sense relations will gradually raise your awareness, of meaning and usages, and enable you to use words more accurately and appropriately.
1. With Phonetics
Phonetics is the study of speech
sounds. Without sound, there is no word because every word is a unity of sound and meaning
2. With grammar
Two approaches to learn this course
Nowadays language teachers and
English lexicology teachers pay more attention to the synchronic approach to the study of the English vocabulary. They describe what the English vocabulary is like, rather than how it came to be that way.
Aims and Significance of the Course
A working knowledge of dictionaries will improve your
skills of using reference books and raise your problem-solving ability and efficiency of individual study.
Lecture 1
Connection of Lexicology with
Other Branches of Linguistics
语言学的主要内容
现代语言学的分科：
内部分科：语音学phonetics、音位学 phonology、词汇学lexicology、句法学 syntax、语义学semantics、语用学 pragmatics、文体学stylistics…… 外部分科： 具体语言学和普通语言学 共时语言学和历时语言学
In our linguistic inquiry into the English
vocabulary, our focus is on the synchronic description of words Yet we need the diachronic approach as a supplement Because a knowledge of historical development of the vocabulary will definitely be of great help to us in our language study.
4. With Stylistics
Stylistics is the study of optional
variations in the sounds, forms, or vocabulary of a language as characteristic of different uses of language, different situations of use, or different literary types.
leech rise book help fear eat
doctor mount volume aid terror consume
physician ascend text assistance trepidation devour
Two approaches to learn this course
The nature and domain of lexicology
It is a practical course as well
We will deal with a great number
of words and idiomatic expressions 习惯用语, and study a great many usage examples. There will be a large quantity of practice involved.
不同类型的词汇具有不同的文体特征
Anglo-Saxon Norman French ask question thin spare folk people fair beautiful hearty cordial Latin/ Greek interrogate emaciated nation attractive cardiac
Aims and Significance of the Course
The information of the historical
development and the principles of classification will give you a deeper understanding of word-meaning and enable you to organize, classify and store words more effectively.
Aims and Significance of the Course
English Lexicology
Lexicology
The term lexicology contains
two Greek morphemes: lexikon and logie lexikon means “word” logie means “learning” or “ the study of”
理论语言学和应用语言学
内部语言学和ቤተ መጻሕፍቲ ባይዱ部语言学
宏观语言学和微观语言学
语音学(phonetics): 通过对发音部位和发音方法 的分析,认识语言的语音特征以及变化规则 音位学(phonology):分析语言中区别意义的语音 单位所构成的系统 词汇学(lexicology), 通过词汇的分析,了解词的 意义、词汇的构成以及词汇的组合功能和特征. 句法学( syntax) 了解结构的组织规则。 语义学（semantics），分析语言单位和所指内 容之间的关系。 语用学(pragmatics),分析语言符号和使用者之 间的关系，如何通过语言符号表达语言符号所 表达的以及语言符号之外的意义。
Aims and Significance of the Course
A good knowledge of morphological structure of English word and rules of word-
formation will help you develop your personal vocabulary and consciously increase your word power.
What is lexicology?
Lexicology is the branch of linguistics
concerned with the study of the vocabulary of a given language. It deals with words, their origin, development, history, structure, meaning and application. What is linguistics then? Linguistics is the scientific study of languages.
The nature and domain of lexicology
English lexicology deals with English words, their origin, meaning, historical development, morphological structures, semantic structures, sense relations, formation and application， usages， idioms and English dictionaries. 英语词汇学主要内容有词的来源、词的意义、词的 历史发展、词的形态结构、词的语义结构、语义关 系、构成方式、英语词汇的应用和用法、习语及词 典知识。
语言学的内部分科
语音学phonetics
音位学phonology 词汇学lexicology
句法学syntax
语义学semantics
语用学pragmatics
文体学stylistics……
The connection of lexicology with other branches of Linguistics
式), discourse (语篇）, etc. Lexicology focuses on the lexical level.
3. With semantics
The types of meaning and sense
relations, such as synonymy, antonymy, hyponymy, polysemy（一 词多义）, homonymy（同形异义） and semantic fields （语义场）all belong to the semantic study and constitute an important part of lexicology.
3. With semantics
Semantics is the branch of linguistics which studies the meanings of language in
different linguistic levels:
lexicon, syntax, utterance (说话的方