高中英语语法冠词和名词专题讲解

3. (2019·石家庄模拟)One thing we can do to help solve this problem is to walk or use _a_ bicycle when possible. 4. (2019·深圳模拟)Many factors contribute to _a_n_ enjoyable experience.
(9)用在表示度量单位的名词前, 如by the hour/day/week/month/year/dozen/yard/ton/kilo, 但是 size/weight/time这类名词跟by连用时不加冠词。 I hired the car by the hour.
(10)与形容词或副词的比较级连用, 一般用于以下两 种情况: ①用于“the+比较级, the+比较级”结构中, 表示
(2)不定冠词的使用 ①不定冠词可以用在某些物质名词或抽象名词前, 使 之具体化。这样的物质名词有: rain, snow, fog, drink, coffee, beer, fire等; 抽象名词有: success, failure, surprise, pleasure, beauty, wonder, comfort, danger等。
(3)称呼语及表示独一无二的头衔、职务的名词作宾 语补足语及同位语时, 不加冠词。 *Dr. Peter Spence, headmaster of the school, told us, “A fifth of pupils here go on to study at Oxford or Cambridge. ” They elected him president of the society.
情况也可称为零冠词。考查冠词的基本用法主要就是 考查冠词的泛指和特指, 在语法填空和短文改错中都 会有所涉及。在语法填空中对冠词进行考查时, 不给 出提示词。
1. 不定冠词(a/an)的用法(八个“一”)
“一”(=one)
I watch TV for sixteen or seventeen hours a day.
2021 英语语法运用
考情分析——冠词和名词：
语法填空主要考査名词的单复数变化、词性转化以及抽象名词 具体化。但对于高频名词的词义及习惯搭配，在完形填空中依 然是考査的重点，考生仍需掌握。短文改错中也常考査名词的 单复数以及名词与冠词的搭配使用情况。 冠词是语法填空和短文改错的易考点，其考査点有:(1)冠词的 基本用法，特别是冠词的泛指、特指及在形容词和副词比较级 前的用法。(2)冠词在习惯用语中的用法。(3)冠词的活用也不可 忽视。
“一种(份, 阵……)”(物质名词)
What
a
heavy
rain!
(1)不定冠词有a和an两种形式, 常位于名词或名词的修 饰语前。当紧跟不定冠词的单词的第一个音素为辅音 音素时, 用a; 而当紧跟不定冠词的单词的第一个音素 为元音音素时, 用an。注意: 判断用a还是an的依据是 紧跟不定冠词的词的第一个音素是不是元音音素, 而 不是该词的第一个字母是不是元音字母。例如: an honest boy一个诚实的男孩。
2. 定冠词the的用法 (1)表示特指的人或物, 或者双方都知道的或心中都明 白的人或物或者指上文已经提到过的人或物。 *Do you know the man standing at the gate of the door?
(2)用于单数可数名词前, 表示整个类属。 *Alexander Bell invented the telephone in 1876. (3)用于某些形容词、分词前表示一类人/物或用在姓 氏复数前表示一家人。 *The Greens entertained us with dinner the day before yesterday.
(4)turn(变成)后的单数名词作表语不用冠词。但名词 前若有形容词修饰, 则必须加冠词。 His brother has turned writer. Later she turned a successful singer.
(5)在让步倒装的单数可数名词前不用冠词。 “零冠词+单数名词+as/though+主语+谓语”, 意为
“每一”(=per)
Prices start at ￡13. 95 a yard for printed cotton.
“同一”(=the
same)
They wear
happen to be of an clothes of a color.
age
and
“一类”(=复数名 A virus is a very small living
(4)用在被短语或从句修饰的名词前表示特指。 The young man is the student who I taught 10 years ago. (5)表示世界上独一无二的事物, 如the moon, the sun, the earth, the universe, the world, the sky等。 *No one knows when the moon came into existence, as it happened so long ago.
(一)冠 词 考点1 冠词的基本用法 【考题小练】 1. When I taught art at _a_ school in Seattle, I used Tinkertoys as a test at the beginning of a term. 2. My parents had moved to England from India during _th_e_ 1970s.
3. 零冠词的用法 (1)表示泛指或一般意义的物质名词、抽象名词、专有
名词、复数名词、人名、地名等前,一般不加冠词。 *He is living in Canada now. Knowledge begins with practice. Teachers should be respected. Smith lives in London.
【点津】①当这些名词前有修饰语时, 亦可用不定冠 词, 如a bright moon, a new world。 ②有些事物虽然也是独一无二的, 但习惯上却不用冠 词, 如space太空, nature自然, man人类等。
(6)用在序数词、形容词/副词最高级以及形容词only, very, same等前面。 Is this the first time you have visited Beijing? China is one of the richest countries in natural resources in the world. That's the very thing I've been looking for. That's the only reason.
②knowledge, collection, understanding等名词后加 of. . . 时, 其前常用不定冠词a/an。 ③“a most+形容词”表示“很……, 非常……”, most
在此不表示最高级含义, 相当于very, 而“the+most+ 多音节形容词”为多音节形容词的最高级形式, 表 示“最……”。 This is a most interesting film. This is the most interesting film that I have ever seen.
3. The frequent terrorism activities in recent years constitute(构成) _a_n_ enormous security challenge to all countries.
பைடு நூலகம்考点精讲】 冠词包括不定冠词a/an和定冠词the, 不用冠词的
词)
thing that causes disease.
“任一”(=any)
A dictionary is enough.
“某一”(=a certain) A Mr Smith is waiting to see you.
“一个、一场、一 次、一件”(抽象名 词)
As a manager, he is a success while as a father he is a failure.
(2)表示非特指的季节、月份、星期及三餐等名词前， 球类棋类和游戏以及含 day 的节日前不用冠词。 *We usually have breakfast at 7 o’clock. New Year’s Day is a holiday for everyone.
【点津】表示一日三餐等的名词前一般不用冠词。但 若指具体的某顿饭或三餐前有形容词修饰时要用冠 词。如: have a wonderful supper。
“虽然/尽管……但是……” *Hero as he is, he has some shortcomings. (6)用在“名词+介词短语”的独立主格结构中。 *The teacher came in, book in hand.
【题组训练】 1. I was invited to attend _a_n_ interview for a job as a hotel receptionist. 2. There’s no such thing as living alone. Never mind if you’re _th_e_ only person in your house and have no dog, no cat, not even fish.
【点津】当序数词不表示顺序而表示“又一, 再一” 时, 用不定冠词, 如a second time意为“再一次; 又 一次”。
(7)用于表示方位、西洋乐器等的名词前, 如in the east, in the northwest, play the piano等。 (8)用于表示某世纪/年代/时期或朝代的名词前。 *It is not rare in the 1990s that people in their fifties are going to university for further education.
“越……, 就越……”之意。 *The more we do for the people, the happier we’ll be.
②用在“the+比较级+of the two”结构中, 表示“两个 中较……的一个”。
*She is the taller of the two girls.
(11)在“动词(take/catch/pat/hit/. . . )+sb. +介词 (by/in/on)+the+名词(身体某一部位)”结构中, 名词前要 用定冠词the, 而不用物主代词。 The police caught the thief by the arm. she patted me on the shoulder.
3. Zinio is a platform for digital magazines, with more than 5, 500 magazines from _a_ wide range of publishers.
1. 含不定冠词的固定搭配
have a knowledge/an understanding of 了解
考点2 冠词的固定搭配 【考题小练】 1. Girls, who always spend money on clothes, should keep _a_n_ eye open for discounts. 2. _T_h_e_ number of these results on why this kind of bird can’t fly is extremely interesting.