新课标必修-综合练习题
北师版新课标高中数学必修一同步练习题充分条件、必要条件、充要条件的判断综合题
充分条件、必要条件、充要条件的判断综合题1.“m =-1”是“直线l 1:2x -my =2m -1与直线l 2:x +2my =m -2垂直”的( ).A .充分不必要条件B .必要不充分条件C .充分必要条件D .既不充分也不必要条件【答案】A .【解析】若m =-1,则直线l 1、l 2垂直;若直线l 1、l 2垂直,则有m =±1,所以“m =-1”是“直线l 1:2x -my =2m -1与直线l 2:x +2my =m -2垂直”的充分不必要条件.故选A .2.在平面直角坐标系中,点(223m m +-,232m m--)在第四象限的充分必要条件是________. 【答案】312m -<<或23m <<. 【解析】 点(223m m +-,232m m --)在第四象限⇔22302302m m m m⎧+->⎪⎨-<⎪-⎩ ⇔ 312m -<<或23m <<. 3.下列各题中,p 是q 的充分不必要条件的是________.(填序号)①p :2m ≤-或6m ≥;q :23y x mx m =+++有两个不同的零点 ②p :()()1f x f x -=;q :()y =f x 是偶函数 ③p :cos cos αβ=;q :tan tan αβ=④p :A ∩B =A ;q :A ⊆U ,B ⊆U , U U B A 痧Í【答案】②.【解析】对于①,由23y x mx m =+++有两个不同的零点,可得24120m m ∆=-->,从而可得2m <-或6m >.所以p 是q 的必要不充分条件;对于②,由()()1f x f x -=()()()f x f x y f x ⇒-=⇒=是偶函数,但由()y =f x 是偶函数不能推出()()1f x f x -=,例如函数()0f x =,所以p 是q 的充分不必要条件; 对于③,当cos cos 0αβ==时,不存在tan tan αβ=,反之也不成立,所以p 是q 的既不充分也不必要条件;对于④,由A ∩B =A ,知A ⊆B ,所以U U B A 痧Í;反之,由U U B A 痧Í,知A ⊆B ,A ∩B =A .所以p 是q 的充分必要条件.综述,符合题意的只有②.。
统编版高中语文 必修下册 本课综合 课后练习、课时练习
一、选择题组(语用综合题)1. 阅读下面的文字,完成下面小题。
烟火作为中国的民俗文化,其所沉积的宗教、民俗、神话、社会乃至美学意义,令人叹为观止。
虽然烟火在天空__________,却以其华丽盛大给人留下恒久的记忆。
()。
它是燃烧柴火以“敬神驱邪”的一种宗教行为。
竹子在燃烧时,因受热会猛然炸裂,声音巨大,__________,最能达到爆的效果,所以竹子成了当时最受欢迎的燃料,“爆竹”也随之流行开来。
但伴随着现代都市文明的崛起,烟火与其在实践层面的冲撞、矛盾,远大于两者在文化上的依存。
烟花爆竹四处燃放,让都市付出了巨大的代价。
近年来,由艺术家、工艺师、城市管理者等合作的,以烟火为媒介的大型公共艺术,成为破解这一难题的最佳方案。
现代科技的支持,烟火已在艺术与审美层面完成了自我重生,由一种单纯的视觉享受升华为一种心灵震撼,从而使烟火起到了在公共艺术上的教化功效。
这一点与传统的君子“以钟鼓道志,以琴瑟乐心”可谓__________。
从爆祭转向大型公共艺术,烟火让我们__________,触摸到了一个都市、一个国家文明进步的尺度。
燃烧于夜空的璀璨景象,震荡于寰宇的爆炸之声,不仅唤醒我们古老的记忆,也让我们明天的道路熠熠生辉。
1.依次填入文中横线上的成语,全都恰当的一项是()A.稍纵即逝响遏行云不约而同管中窥豹B.转瞬即逝响彻云霄不谋而合见微知著C.转瞬即逝响遏行云不谋而合见微知著D.稍纵即逝响彻云霄不约而同管中窥豹2.下列填入文中括号内的语句,衔接最恰当的一项是()A.先秦时期的烟火,被认为源自当时的“爆祭”B.作为烟火起源的“爆祭”,被认为始于先秦时期C.作为起源于“爆祭”的烟火,出现在先秦时期D.先秦时期的“爆祭”,被认为是烟火的起源3.文中画横线的句子有语病,下列修改最恰当的一项是()A.现代科技的支持,让烟火在艺术与审美层面完成了自我重生,并将视觉享受转化为心灵的震撼,从而起到了在公共艺术上的教化功效。
高一物理(人教版)必修1综合题型专题练习卷:实验:探究求合力的方法
一、填空题二、实验题高一物理(人教版)必修1综合题型专题练习卷:实验:探究求合力的方法1. 某同学在“探究弹力和弹簧伸长的关系”的实验中,测得图中弹簧OC 的劲度系数为500 N/m.如图1所示,用弹簧OC 和弹簧秤a 、b 做“探究求合力的方法”实验.在保持弹簧伸长1.00 cm 不变的条件下:(1)若弹簧秤a 、b 间夹角为90°,弹簧秤a 的读数是________N(图2中所示),则弹簧秤b 的读数可能为________N.(2)若弹簧秤a 、b 间夹角大于90°,保持弹簧秤a 与弹簧OC 的夹角不变,减小弹簧秤b 与弹簧OC 的夹角,则弹簧秤a 的读数________、弹簧秤b 的读数________(填“变大”“变小”或“不变”).l/cm l 010.9712.0213.0013.9815.05F/N 00.501.001.502.002.50表所示:为O 1、O 2,记录弹簧秤的示数F,测量并记录O 1、O 2间的距离(即橡皮筋的长度l ).每次将弹簧秤示数改变0.50 N,测出所对应的l,部分数据如下②如图甲所示,将环形橡皮筋一端挂在弹簧秤的秤钩上,另一端用圆珠笔尖竖直向下拉,直到弹簧秤示数为某一设定值时,将橡皮筋两端的位置标记①将弹簧秤固定在贴有白纸的竖直木板上,使其轴线沿竖直方向.实验步骤:2.某同学通过下述实验验证力的平行四边形定则.③找出②中F=2.50 N时橡皮筋两端的位置,重新标记为O、,橡皮筋的拉力记为F OO′.④在秤钩上涂抹少许润滑油,将橡皮筋搭在秤钩上,如图乙所示.用两圆珠笔尖成适当角度同时拉橡皮筋的两端,使秤钩的下端达到O点,将两笔尖的位置标记为A、B,橡皮筋OA段的拉力记为F OA,OB段的拉力记为F OB.完成下列作图和填空:(1)利用表中数据在给出的坐标纸上画出F-l图线.(2)测得OA=6.00cm,OB=7.60cm,则F OA的大小为 N.(3)根据给出的标度,作出F OA和F OB的合力的图示.(4)通过比较与的大小和方向,即可得出实验结论.3. 小明通过实验验证力的平行四边形定则。
高一化学(必修一)全册综合练习题及答案解析
高一化学(必修一)全册综合练习题及答案解析班级:___________姓名:___________考号:___________一、单选题1.根据物质的组成与性质进行分类,MgO 属于 ( ) A .酸B .氧化物C .碱D .盐2.小苏打(3NaHCO )在灼烧时火焰呈( ) A .黄色B .绿色C .红色D .紫色3.下列四种粒子的结构示意图中,属于非金属元素原子的是( )A .B .C .D .4.下列物质不能使湿润有色布条褪色的是( ) A .22Na OB .氯水C .漂白粉溶液D .2CaCl 溶液5.合成117号元素的实验中生成了293117X 和294117X ,关于这两种原子的说法不正确的是( ) A .中子数相同B .互为同位素C .核外电子数相同D .质子数相同6.若配制90mL0.1mol/L 的FeCl 3溶液,需要用到的仪器有托盘天平、药匙、量筒、烧杯、玻璃棒、胶头滴管,还需要的仪器是( ) A .100mL 圆底烧瓶 B .100mL 量筒 C .100mL 容量瓶D .100mL 烧杯7.电解质是一类在水溶液里或熔融状态下能够导电的化合物。
下列物质属于电解质的是( ) A .FeB .NaClC .CO2D .KNO3溶液8.下列说法不正确的是( ) A .H 2在Cl 2中燃烧会产生苍白色火焰 B .钢瓶在装入氯气前必须彻底干燥内壁 C .Cu 丝在Cl 2中燃烧会生成CuCl 2D .漂粉精放入稀酸中不能提高漂白速度9.室温下,在一容积固定的密闭容器中充入2N 与2H 的混合气体共1mol ,下列关于该混合气体的说法一定正确的是( )A .平均摩尔质量为115g mol -⋅B .质量为30gC .体积为22.4LD .原子总数为241.20410⨯10.可以用电子式表示的微粒是( ) A .HeB .NeC .Na +D .S 2-11.下列说法正确的是( ) A .3NaHCO 比23Na CO 稳定 B .胆矾可用作净水剂C .钠和过氧化钠均能与水剧烈反应生成氢气D .含3Fe +的盐溶液遇KSCN 溶液显红色12.用NaCl 固体配制-1100mL1.00mol L NaCl ⋅溶液。
部编版统编版高中语文必修上册第一单元综合训练(含答案解析)
单元综合训练(一)(时间:150分钟分值:150分)一、现代文阅读(36分)(一)论述类文本阅读(本题共3小题,9分)阅读下面的文字,完成1~3题。
阅读是永恒的,载体却不断更新。
进入移动互联网时代,一些商家不断推出新的电子书阅读器,努力提升读者的阅读体验。
从中国的简帛、埃及的莎草纸、欧洲的羊皮纸到今天的电子墨水屏,人类的阅读载体不断演进,不变的却是人们对阅读的热爱,对精神世界的守望。
经典作品的魅力,并没有随着移动互联时代的到来而消散。
相反,阅读方式和载体的丰富,让人们可以更轻松地接触经典。
近两年,中国互联网界最引人关注的现象之一,就是风起云涌的“知识付费”。
通过缴纳费用,用户可以收听收看包括经典作品在内的各种知识讲座,甚至可以让专家为自己答疑解惑。
诸如《傲慢与偏见》《堂吉诃德》《巴黎圣母院》这些被认为“高冷”的文学经典,通过这一方式收获了大批听众。
移动互联时代的到来,开拓出一个巨大的文化和阅读空间。
对中国来说,知识付费的商业模式之所以能够兴起,一个重要的社会基础就在于,经过20世纪90年代末以来的高等教育改革,当代中国社会已经积累了规模庞大的“知识大众”和“文化大众”群体。
他们拥有一定的知识水平和文化水平,有着较强的精神诉求。
这个数量以千万级计算、以45岁以下年轻人为主体的人群,和知识爆炸的移动互联时代正面遭遇,产生了核爆级的知识需求,构成了学习型社会的主力军。
满足他们的阅读需求,为他们提供包括经典作品在内的优质知识资源,已经成为一种文化刚需。
有了大众的参与,阅读将不仅仅是一项个体的、静穆的思想活动,还将是一项动态的文化生产。
一部作品从诞生到成为经典,就是“经典化”的过程。
这个过程因为有了无数读者的参与和拣选,成为一项大众文化事业,体现出专属于自己民族和时代的精神气质,构成了经典的谱系。
其实,已经进入经典谱系的作品尤其是文学作品,通常也和大众有着亲密的关系。
简·奥斯汀的作品在成为经典之前和之后,都是很多英国家庭晚饭后的谈资;美国西进运动中的拓荒人,结束一天的伐木后也会读上一幕莎士比亚;对于不少中国人来说,听老人摇着蒲扇讲《三国演义》的情景,又填满了多少个夏日黄昏?正是在大众的口耳相传之中,成就了人类文明史上延绵不绝的经典作品。
人教版(新课程标准) 必修3 综合质量检测(原卷板解析版)
综合质量检测(Units 1~5)时间:120分钟满分:150分第一部分听力(共两节,满分30分)第一节:(共5小题;每小题1.5分,满分7.5分)听下面5段对话。
每段对话后有一个小题,从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项,并标在试卷的相应位置。
听完每段对话后,你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。
每段对话仅读一遍。
1.How does the man get to work every day?A.By car. B.By bus. C.On foot.2.Where is Peter?A.At home. B.In a library. C.In his office.3.What are the speakers going to do?A.Try to call Ann.B.Go to look for Ann.C.Wait for Ann till 11:30.4.What are the speakers mainly talking about?A.Their vacation plans.B.Some famous places.C.Their parents abroad.5.What does the man mean?A.He likes Brazil best.B.England plays better than Brazil.C.Brazil is expected to win the match.第二节:(共15小题;每题1.5分,满分22.5分)听下面5段对话或独白。
每段对话或独白后有几个小题,从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项,并标在试卷的相应位置。
听每段对话或独白前,你将有时间阅读各个小题,每小题5秒钟;听完后,各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。
每段对话或独白读两遍。
听第6段材料,回答第6至7题。
6.What is the relationship between the speakers?A.Neighbors.B.Husband and wife.C.Policeman and witness.7.What caused the fire?A.The rubbish.B.The lamp.C.The computer.听第7段材料,回答第8至9题。
新人教版语文必修一综合练习题(附解析)
新人教版语文必修一综合练习题(附解析)新人教版语文必修一综合练习题(附解析)(时间:120分钟满分:120分)一、基础积累(15分,每小题3分)1.下列各组句子中,没有通假字的一项是()A.旦日不可不蚤自来谢项王B.卒起不意,尽失其度C.失其所与,不知D.樊於期偏袒扼腕而进【解析】A项,“蚤”通“早”;B项,“卒”通“猝”;C项,“知”通“智”。
【答案】D2.下列句子中,加点词语的用法分类正确的一项是()①常以身翼蔽沛公②群臣怪之③此其志不在小④越国以鄙远⑤顷之未发,太子迟之⑥素善留侯张良⑦吾得兄事之⑧项伯杀人,臣活之⑨沛公旦日从百余骑来见项王⑩项伯乃夜驰之沛公军A.①⑦/②③/④⑤⑧/⑥⑨⑩B.①③⑩/②④⑤/⑥⑦/⑧⑨C.①⑦⑩/②⑤/③④/⑥/⑧⑨D.①/②③④/⑤/⑥⑨⑩/⑦⑧【解析】①⑦⑩为名词作状语,②⑤为形容词的意动用法,③④为形容词作名词,⑥为形容词作动词,⑧⑨为动词的使动用法。
【答案】C3.下列句中加点词的意义和用法相同的一项是()A.①是寡人之过也②行李之往来B.①秦王还柱而走②倚柱而笑C.①君为我呼入②窃为大王不取也D.①因击沛公于坐②因左手把秦王之袖【解析】B项,均为连词,表修饰。
A项,①结构助词,的;②助词,用于主谓之间,取消句子独立性,不译。
C项,①介词,替,给;②动词,认为。
D项,①介词,趁机;②副词,于是。
【答案】B4.下列句式中与其他三项不同的一项是()A.是寡人之过也B.太子及宾客知其事者C.如今人方为刀俎,我为鱼肉D.此亡秦之续耳【解析】B项为定语后置句,其他三项为判断句。
【答案】B5.补写下列名篇名句中的空缺部分。
(两题任选一题)(1)大行不顾细谨,________________。
________________,________________,何辞为?(《鸿门宴》)(2)又前而为歌曰:“________________,________________!”复为慷慨羽声,______________,发尽上指冠。
数学必修一练习题汇总(含答案)
第一章综合练习一、选择题(每小题5分,共60分)1.集合{1,2,3}的所有真子集的个数为()A.3 B.6C.7 D.8解析:含一个元素的有{1},{2},{3},共3个;含两个元素的有{1,2},{1,3},{2,3},共3个;空集是任何非空集合的真子集,故有7个.答案:C2.下列五个写法,其中错误..写法的个数为()①{0}∈{0,2,3};②Ø{0};③{0,1,2}⊆{1,2,0};④0∈Ø;⑤0∩Ø=ØA.1 B.2C.3 D.4解析:②③正确.答案:C3.使根式x-1与x-2分别有意义的x的允许值集合依次为M、F,则使根式x-1+x-2有意义的x的允许值集合可表示为()A.M∪F B.M∩F C.∁M F D.∁F M解析:根式x-1+x-2有意义,必须x-1与x-2同时有意义才可.答案:B4.已知M={x|y=x2-2},N={y|y=x2-2},则M∩N等于()A.N B.M C.R D.Ø解析:M={x|y=x2-2}=R,N={y|y=x2-2}={y|y≥-2},故M∩N=N.答案:A5.函数y=x2+2x+3(x≥0)的值域为()A.R B.[0,+∞) C.[2,+∞) D.[3,+∞)解析:y=x2+2x+3=(x+1)2+2,∴函数在区间[0,+∞)上为增函数,故y≥(0+1)2+2=3.答案:D6.等腰三角形的周长是20,底边长y是一腰的长x的函数,则y等于()A.20-2x(0<x≤10) B.20-2x(0<x<10)C.20-2x(5≤x≤10) D.20-2x(5<x<10)解析:C=20=y+2x,由三角形两边之和大于第三边可知2x>y=20-2x,x>5.答案:D7.用固定的速度向图1甲形状的瓶子注水,则水面的高度h和时间t之间的关系是图1乙中的()甲乙图1解析:水面升高的速度由慢逐渐加快.答案:B8.已知y=f(x)是定义在R上的奇函数,则下列函数中为奇函数的是()①y=f(|x|) ②y=f(-x) ③y=xf(x) ④y=f(x)+xA.①③B.②③C.①④D.②④解析:因为y=f(x)是定义在R上的奇函数,所以f(-x)=-f(x).①y=f(|x|)为偶函数;②y =f(-x)为奇函数;③令F(x)=xf(x),所以F(-x)=(-x)f(-x)=(-x)·[-f(x)]=xf(x).所以F(-x)=F(x).所以y=xf(x)为偶函数;④令F(x)=f(x)+x,所以F(-x)=f(-x)+(-x)=-f(x)-x=-[f (x )+x ].所以F (-x )=-F (x ).所以y =f (x )+x 为奇函数.答案:D9.已知0≤x ≤32,则函数f (x )=x 2+x +1( ) A .有最小值-34,无最大值B .有最小值34,最大值1C .有最小值1,最大值194D .无最小值和最大值解析:f (x )=x 2+x +1=(x +12)2+34,画出该函数的图象知,f (x )在区间[0,32]上是增函数,所以f (x )min =f (0)=1,f (x )max =f (32)=194.答案:C10.已知函数f (x )的定义域为[a ,b ],函数y =f (x )的图象如图2甲所示,则函数f (|x |)的图象是图2乙中的( )甲乙图2解析:因为y =f (|x |)是偶函数,所以y =f (|x |)的图象是由y =f (x )把x ≥0的图象保留,再关于y 轴对称得到的.答案:B11.若偶函数f (x )在区间(-∞,-1]上是增函数,则( ) A .f (-32)<f (-1)<f (2)B .f (-1)<f (-32)<f (2)C .f (2)<f (-1)<f (-32)D .f (2)<f (-32)<f (-1)解析:由f (x )是偶函数,得f (2)=f (-2),又f (x )在区间(-∞,-1]上是增函数,且-2<-32<-1,则f (2)<f (-32)<f (-1).答案:D12.(2009·四川高考)已知函数f (x )是定义在实数集R 上的不恒为零的偶函数,且对任意实数x 都有xf (x +1)=(1+x )f (x ),则f ⎣⎢⎡⎦⎥⎤f (52)的值是( )A .0 B.12 C .1 D.52解析:令x =-12,则-12f (12)=12f (-12),又∵f (12)=f (-12),∴f (12)=0;令x =12,12f (32)=32f (12),得f (32)=0;令x =32,32f (52)=52f (32),得f (52)=0;而0·f (1)=f (0)=0,∴f ⎣⎢⎡⎦⎥⎤f (52)=f (0)=0,故选A.答案:A第Ⅱ卷(非选择题,共90分) 二、填空题(每小题5分,共20分)13.设全集U ={a ,b ,c ,d ,e },A ={a ,c ,d },B ={b ,d ,e },则∁U A ∩∁U B =________. 解析:∁U A ∩∁U B =∁U (A ∪B ),而A ∪B ={a ,b ,c ,d ,e }=U . 答案:Ø14.设全集U =R ,A ={x |x ≥1},B ={x |-1≤x <2},则∁U (A ∩B )=________. 解析:A ∩B ={x |1≤x <2},∴∁R (A ∩B )={x |x <1或x ≥2}. 答案:{x |x <1或x ≥2}15.已知函数f (x )=x 2+2(a -1)x +2在区间(-∞,3]上为减函数,求实数a 的取值范围为________.解析:函数f (x )的对称轴为x =1-a ,则由题知:1-a ≥3即a ≤-2. 答案:a ≤-216.若f (x )=(m -1)x 2+6mx +2是偶函数,则f (0)、f (1)、f (-2)从小到大的顺序是__________.解析:∵f(x)=(m-1)x2+6mx+2是偶函数,∴m=0.∴f(x)=-x2+2.∴f(0)=2,f(1)=1,f(-2)=-2,∴f(-2)<f(1)<f(0).答案:f(-2)<f(1)<f(0)三、解答题(写出必要的计算步骤,只写最后结果不得分,共70分)17.(10分)设A={x|-2≤x≤5},B={x|m-1≤x≤2m+1},(1)当x∈N*时,求A的子集的个数;(2)当x∈R且A∩B=Ø时,求m的取值范围.解:(1)∵x∈N*且A={x|-2≤x≤5},∴A={1,2,3,4,5}.故A的子集个数为25=32个.(2)∵A∩B=Ø,∴m-1>2m+1或2m+1<-2或m-1>5,∴m<-2或m>6.18.(12分)已知集合A={-1,1},B={x|x2-2ax+b=0},若B≠Ø且B⊆A,求a,b的值.解:(1)当B=A={-1,1}时,易得a=0,b=-1;(2)当B含有一个元素时,由Δ=0得a2=b,当B={1}时,由1-2a+b=0,得a=1,b=1当B={-1}时,由1+2a+b=0,得a=-1,b=1.19.(12分)已知函数f(x)=xax+b(a,b为常数,且a≠0),满足f(2)=1,方程f(x)=x有唯一实数解,求函数f(x)的解析式和f[f(-4)]的值.解:∵f(x)=xax+b且f(2)=1,∴2=2a+b.又∵方程f(x)=x有唯一实数解.∴ax 2+(b -1)x =0(a ≠0)有唯一实数解.故(b -1)2-4a ×0=0,即b =1,又上式2a +b =2,可得:a =12,从而f (x )=x 12x +1=2xx +2,∴f (-4)=2×(-4)-4+2=4,f (4)=86=43,即f [f (-4)]=43.20.(12分)已知函数f (x )=4x 2-4ax +(a 2-2a +2)在闭区间[0,2]上有最小值3,求实数a 的值.解:f (x )=4⎝ ⎛⎭⎪⎫x -a 22+2-2a .(1)当a2<0即a <0时,f (x )min =f (0)=a 2-2a +2=3,解得:a =1- 2. (2)0≤a 2≤2即0≤a ≤4时,f (x )min =f ⎝ ⎛⎭⎪⎫a 2=2-2a =3,解得:a =-12(舍去). (3)a2>2即a >4时,f (x )min =f (2)=a 2-10a +18=3,解得:a =5+10, 综上可知:a 的值为1-2或5+10.21.(12分)某公司需将一批货物从甲地运到乙地,现有汽车、火车两种运输工具可供选择.若该货物在运输过程中(含装卸时间)的损耗为300元/小时,其他主要参考数据如下:问:如何根据运输距离的远近选择运输工具,使运输过程中的费用与损耗之和最小? 解:设甲、乙两地距离为x 千米(x >0),选用汽车、火车运输时的总支出分别为y 1和y 2. 由题意得两种工具在运输过程中(含装卸)的费用与时间如下表:于是y 1=8x +1000+(x50+2)×300=14x +1600, y 2=4x +1800+(x100+4)×300=7x +3000. 令y 1-y 2<0得x <200.①当0<x <200时,y 1<y 2,此时应选用汽车; ②当x =200时,y 1=y 2,此时选用汽车或火车均可; ③当x >200时,y 1>y 2,此时应选用火车.故当距离小于200千米时,选用汽车较好;当距离等于200千米时,选用汽车或火车均可;当距离大于200千米时,选用火车较好.22.(12分)已知f (x )的定义域为(0,+∞),且满足f (2)=1,f (xy )=f (x )+f (y ),又当x 2>x 1>0时,f (x 2)>f (x 1).(1)求f (1)、f (4)、f (8)的值;(2)若有f (x )+f (x -2)≤3成立,求x 的取值范围.解:(1)f (1)=f (1)+f (1),∴f (1)=0,f (4)=f (2)+f (2)=1+1=2,f (8)=f (2)+f (4)=2+1=3. (2)∵f (x )+f (x -2)≤3,∴f [x (x -2)]≤f (8),又∵对于函数f (x )有x 2>x 1>0时f (x 2)>f (x 1),∴f (x )在(0,+∞)上为增函数.∴⎩⎪⎨⎪⎧x >0x -2>0x (x -2)≤8⇒2<x ≤4.∴x 的取值范围为(2,4].第二章综合练习一、选择题(每小题5分,共60分)1.计算log 225·log 322·log 59的结果为( ) A .3 B .4 C .5D .6解析:原式=lg25lg2·lg22lg3·lg9lg5=2lg5lg2·32lg2lg3·2lg3lg5=6. 答案:D2.设f (x )=⎩⎨⎧2e x -1,x <2,log 3(x 2-1),x ≥2,则f (f (2))的值为( ) A .0 B .1 C .2D .3解析:f (2)=log 3(22-1)=1,f (f (2))=2e 1-1=2e 0=2. 答案:C3.如果log 12x >0成立,则x 应满足的条件是( ) A .x >12 B.12<x <1 C .x <1D .0<x <1解析:由对数函数的图象可得. 答案:D4.函数f (x )=log 3(2-x )在定义域区间上是( ) A .增函数B .减函数C .有时是增函数有时是减函数D .无法确定其单调解析:由复合函数的单调性可以判断,内外两层单调性相同则为增函数,内外两层的单调性相反则为减函数.答案:B5.某种放射性元素,100年后只剩原来的一半,现有这种元素1克,3年后剩下() A.0.015克B.(1-0.5%)3克C.0.925克 D.1000.125克解析:设该放射性元素满足y=a x(a>0且a≠1),则有12=a100得a=(12)1100.可得放射性元素满足y=[(12)1100]x=(12)x100.当x=3时,y=(12)3100=100(12)3=1000.125.答案:D6.函数y=log2x与y=log 12x的图象()A.关于原点对称B.关于x轴对称C.关于y轴对称D.关于y=x对称解析:据图象和代入式判定都可以做出判断,故选B. 答案:B7.函数y=lg(21-x-1)的图象关于()A.x轴对称B.y轴对称C.原点对称D.y=x对称解析:f(x)=lg(21-x-1)=lg1+x1-x,f(-x)=lg1-x1+x=-f(x),所以y=lg(21-x-1)关于原点对称,故选C.答案:C8.设a>b>c>1,则下列不等式中不正确的是() A.a c>b c B.log a b>log a cC.c a>c b D.log b c<log a c解析:y=x c在(0,+∞)上递增,因为a>b,则a c>b c;y=log a x在(0,+∞)上递增,因为b>c,则log a b>log a c;y=c x在(-∞,+∞)上递增,因为a>b,则c a>c b.故选D.答案:D9.已知f(x)=log a(x+1)(a>0且a≠1),若当x∈(-1,0)时,f(x)<0,则f(x)是()A.增函数B.减函数C.常数函数D.不单调的函数解析:由于x∈(-1,0),则x+1∈(0,1),所以a>1.因而f(x)在(-1,+∞)上是增函数.答案:A10.设a=424,b=312,c=6,则a,b,c的大小关系是()A.a>b>c B.b<c<a C.b>c>a D.a<b<c解析:a=424=12243,b=12124,c=6=1266.∵243<124<66,∴12243<12124<1266,即a<b<c.答案:D11.若方程a x=x+a有两解,则a的取值范围为() A.(1,+∞) B.(0,1)C.(0,+∞) D.Ø解析:分别作出当a>1与0<a<1时的图象.(1)当a>1时,图象如下图1,满足题意.(2)当0<a<1时,图象如上图2,不满足题意.答案:A12.已知f (x )是偶函数,它在(0,+∞)上是减函数,若f (lg x )>f (1),则x 的取值范围是( ) A .(110,1)B .(0,110)∪(1,+∞) C .(110,10)D .(0,1)∪(0,+∞)解析:由于f (x )是偶函数且在(0,+∞)上是减函数,所以f (-1)=f (1),且f (x )在(-∞,0)上是增函数,应有⎩⎪⎨⎪⎧x >0,-1<lg x <1,解得110<x <10.答案:C第Ⅱ卷(非选择题,共90分) 二、填空题(每小题5分,共20分)13.若函数f (x )=a x (a >0,且a ≠1)的反函数的图象过点(2,-1),则a =________. 解析:由互为反函数关系知,f (x )过点(-1,2),代入得a -1=2⇒a =12. 答案:1214.方程log 2(x -1)=2-log 2(x +1)的解为________. 解析:log 2(x -1)=2-log 2(x +1)⇔log 2(x -1)=log 24x +1,即x -1=4x +1,解得x =±5(负值舍去),∴x = 5.答案: 515.设函数f 1(x )=x 12,f 2(x )=x -1,f 3(x )=x 2,则f 1(f 2(f 3(2007)))=________.解析:f 1(f 2(f 3(2007)))=f 1(f 2(20072))=f 1((20072)-1)=[(20072)-1]12=2007-1. 答案:1200716.设0≤x ≤2,则函数y =4x -12-3·2x +5的最大值是________,最小值是________.解析:设2x =t (1≤t ≤4),则y =12·4x -3·2x +5=12t 2-3t +5=12(t -3)2+12. 当t =3时,y min =12;当t =1时,y max =12×4+12=52. 答案:52 12三、解答题(写出必要的计算步骤,只写最后结果不得分,共70分) 17.(10分)已知a =(2+3)-1,b =(2-3)-1,求(a +1)-2+(b +1)-2的值. 解:(a +1)-2+(b +1)-2=(12+3+1)-2+(12-3+1)-2=(3+32+3)-2+(3-32-3)-2=16(7+432+3+7-432-3)=16[(7+43)(2-3)+(7-43)(2+3)]=16×4=23. 18.(12分)已知关于x 的方程4x ·a -(8+2)·2x +42=0有一个根为2,求a 的值和方程其余的根.解:将x =2代入方程中,得42·a -(8+2)·22+42=0,解得a =2. 当a =2时,原方程为 4x ·2-(8+2)2x +42=0,将此方程变形化为2·(2x )2-(8+2)·2x +42=0. 令2x =y ,得2y 2-(8+2)y +42=0. 解得y =4或y =22. 当y =4时,即2x =4,解得x =2; 当y =22时,2x =22,解得x =-12. 综上,a =2,方程其余的根为-12.19.(12分)已知f (x )=2x -12x +1,证明:f (x )在区间(-∞,+∞)上是增函数.证明:设任意x 1,x 2∈(-∞,+∞)且x 1<x 2,则f (x 1)-f (x 2)=2x 1-12x 1+1-2x 2-12x 2+1=(2x 1-1)(2x 2+1)-(2x 2-1)(2x 1+1)(2x 1+1)(2x 2+1)=2x 1-2x 2-(2x 2-2x 1)(2x 1+1)(2x 2+1)=2(2x 1-2x 2)(2x 1+1)(2x 2+1).∵x 1<x 2,∴2x 1<2x 2,即2x 1-2x 2<0.∴f (x 1)<f (x 2).∴f (x )在区间(-∞,+∞)上是增函数.20.(12分)已知偶函数f (x )在x ∈[0,+∞)上是增函数,且f (12)=0,求不等式f (log a x )>0(a >0,且a ≠1)的解集.解:f (x )是偶函数,且f (x )在[0,+∞)上递增,f (12)=0,∴f (x )在(-∞,0)上递减,f (-12)=0,则有log a x >12,或log a x <-12. (1)当a >1时,log a x >12,或log a x <-12,可得x >a ,或0<x <aa ; (2)当0<a <1时,log a x >12,或log a x <-12,可得0<x <a ,或x >aa . 综上可知,当a >1时,f (log a x )>0的解集为(0,aa )∪(a ,+∞); 当0<a <1时,f (log a x )>0的解集为(0,a )∪(aa ,+∞).21.(12分)已知函数f (x )对一切实数x ,y 都满足f (x +y )=f (y )+(x +2y +1)x ,且f (1)=0, (1)求f (0)的值; (2)求f (x )的解析式;(3)当x ∈[0,12]时,f (x )+3<2x +a 恒成立,求a 的范围.解:(1)令x =1,y =0,则f (1)=f (0)+(1+1)×1,∴f (0)=f (1)-2=-2. (2)令y =0,则f (x )=f (0)+(x +1)x ,∴f (x )=x 2+x -2.(3)由f (x )+3<2x +a ,得a >x 2-x +1.设y =x 2-x +1,则y =x 2-x +1在(-∞,12]上是减函数,所以y =x 2-x +1在[0,12]上的范围为34≤y ≤1,从而可得a >1.22.(12分)设函数f (x )=log a (1-ax ),其中0<a <1. (1)求证:f (x )是(a ,+∞)上的减函数; (2)解不等式f (x )>1.解:(1)证明:设任意x 1,x 2∈(a ,+∞)且x 1<x 2,则f (x 1)-f (x 2)=log a (1-a x 1)-log a (1-ax 2)=log a 1-a x 11-a x 2=log a 1-a x 2+a x 2-ax 11-ax 2=log a ⎣⎢⎡⎦⎥⎤1+a x 2-a x 11-a x 2=log a (1+ax 1-ax 2x 1x 2-ax 1)=log a [1+a (x 1-x 2)x 1(x 2-a )].∵x 1,x 2∈(a ,+∞)且x 1<x 2,∴x 1-x 2<0,0<a <x 1<x 2,x 2-a >0.∴a (x 1-x 2)x 1(x 2-a )<0,∴1+a (x 1-x 2)x 1(x 2-a )<1,又∵0<a <1,∴log a [1+a (x 1-x 2)x 1(x 2-a )]>0,∴f (x 1)>f (x 2),所以f (x )=log a (1-a x )在(a ,+∞)上为减函数.(2)因为0<a <1,所以f (x )>1⇔log a (1-ax )>log a a ⇔⎩⎪⎨⎪⎧1-ax >0,①1-ax <a .②解不等式①,得x >a 或x <0.解不等式②,得0<x <a 1-a .因为0<a <1,故x <a 1-a ,所以原不等式的解集为{x |a <x <a1-a}.第三章综合练习一、选择题(每小题5分,共60分)1.二次函数f(x)=2x2+bx-3(b∈R)的零点个数是() A.0B.1C.2D.4解析:∵Δ=b2+4×2×3=b2+24>0,∴函数图象与x轴有两个不同的交点,从而函数有2个零点.答案:C2.函数y=1+1x的零点是()A.(-1,0) B.-1 C.1 D.0解析:令1+1x=0,得x=-1,即为函数零点.答案:B3.下列给出的四个函数f(x)的图象中能使函数y=f(x)-1没有零点的是()解析:把y=f(x)的图象向下平移1个单位后,只有C图中图象与x轴无交点.答案:C4.若函数y=f(x)在区间(-2,2)上的图象是连续不断的曲线,且方程f(x)=0在(-2,2)上仅有一个实数根,则f(-1)·f(1)的值()A.大于0 B.小于0C.无法判断D.等于零解析:由题意不能断定零点在区间(-1,1)内部还是外部.答案:C5.函数f (x )=e x -1x 的零点所在的区间是( ) A .(0,12) B .(12,1) C .(1,32)D .(32,2)解析:f (12)=e -2<0, f (1)=e -1>0,∵f (12)·f (1)<0,∴f (x )的零点在区间(12,1)内. 答案:B6.方程log 12x =2x -1的实根个数是( ) A .0 B .1 C .2D .无穷多个解析:方程log 12x =2x -1的实根个数只有一个,可以画出f (x )=log 12x 及g (x )=2x -1的图象,两曲线仅一个交点,故应选B.答案:B7.某产品的总成本y (万元)与产量x (台)之间的函数关系式是y =0.1x 2-11x +3000,若每台产品的售价为25万元,则生产者的利润取最大值时,产量x 等于( )A .55台B .120台C .150台D .180台解析:设产量为x 台,利润为S 万元,则S =25x -y =25x -(0.1x 2-11x +3000) =-0.1x 2+36x -3000=-0.1(x -180)2+240,则当x =180时,生产者的利润取得最大值. 答案:D8.已知α是函数f (x )的一个零点,且x 1<α<x 2,则( ) A .f (x 1)f (x 2)>0 B .f (x 1)f (x 2)<0 C .f (x 1)f (x 2)≥0D .以上答案都不对解析:定理的逆定理不成立,故f(x1)f(x2)的值不确定.答案:D9.某城市为保护环境,维护水资源,鼓励职工节约用水,作出了如下规定:每月用水不超过8吨,按每吨2元收取水费,每月超过8吨,超过部分加倍收费,某职工某月缴费20元,则该职工这个月实际用水()A.10吨B.13吨C.11吨D.9吨解析:设该职工该月实际用水为x吨,易知x>8.则水费y=16+2×2(x-8)=4x-16=20,∴x=9.答案:D10.某工厂6年来生产甲种产品的情况是:前3年年产量的增大速度越来越快,后3年年产量保持不变,则该厂6年来生产甲种产品的总产量C与时间t(年)的函数关系图象为() 答案:A11.函数f(x)=|x2-6x+8|-k只有两个零点,则()A.k=0 B.k>1C.0≤k<1 D.k>1,或k=0解析:令y1=|x2-6x+8|,y2=k,由题意即要求两函数图象有两交点,利用数形结合思想,作出两函数图象可得选D.答案:D12.利用计算器,算出自变量和函数值的对应值如下表:那么方程2x=x2的一个根所在区间为()A.(0.6,1.0) B.(1.4,1.8)C.(1.8,2.2) D.(2.6,3.0)解析:设f(x)=2x-x2,由表格观察出x=1.8时,2x>x2,即f(1.8)>0;在x=2.2时,2x<x2,即f(2.2)<0.综上知f(1.8)·f(2.2)<0,所以方程2x=x2的一个根位于区间(1.8,2.2)内.答案:C第Ⅱ卷(非选择题,共90分)二、填空题(每小题5分,共20分)13.用二分法求方程x3-2x-5=0在区间(2,4)上的实数根时,取中点x1=3,则下一个有根区间是__________.解析:设f(x)=x3-2x-5,则f(2)<0,f(3)>0,f(4)>0,有f(2)f(3)<0,则下一个有根区间是(2,3).答案:(2,3)14.已知函数f(x)=ax2-bx+1的零点为-12,13,则a=__________,b=__________.解析:由韦达定理得-12+13=ba,且-12×13=1a.解得a=-6,b=1.答案:-6 115.以墙为一边,用篱笆围成一长方形的场地,如图1.已知篱笆的总长为定值l,则这块场地面积y与场地一边长x的关系为________.图1解析:由题意知场地的另一边长为l-2x,则y=x(l-2x),且l-2x>0,即0<x<l2.答案:y=x(l-2x)(0<x<l 2)16.某化工厂生产一种溶液,按市场要求杂质含量不超过0.1%,若初时含杂质2%,每过滤一次可使杂质含量减少13,至少应过滤________次才能达到市场要求?(已知lg2=0.3010,lg3=0.4771)解析:设过滤n 次才能达到市场要求,则2%(1-13)n ≤0.1% 即(23)n ≤0.12,∴n lg 23≤-1-lg2, ∴n ≥7.39,∴n =8. 答案:8三、解答题(写出必要的计算步骤,只写最后结果不得分,共70分)17.(10分)已知二次函数f (x )的图象过点(0,3),它的图象的对称轴为x =2,且f (x )的两个零点的平方和为10,求f (x )的解析式.解:设二次函数f (x )=ax 2+bx +c (a ≠0).由题意知:c =3,-b2a =2.设x 1,x 2是方程ax 2+bx +c =0的两根,则x 21+x 22=10,∴(x 1+x 2)2-2x 1x 2=10,∴(-b a )2-2c a =10,∴16-6a =10, ∴a =1.代入-b2a =2中,得b =-4.∴f (x )=x 2-4x +3. 18.(12分)求方程x 2+2x =5(x >0)的近似解(精确度0.1). 解:令f (x )=x 2+2x -5(x >0). ∵f (1)=-2,f (2)=3,∴函数f (x )的正零点在区间(1,2)内.取(1,2)中点x 1=1.5,f (1.5)>0.取(1,1.5)中点x 2=1.25,f (1.25)<0. 取(1.25,1.5)中点x 3=1.375,f (1.375)<0.取(1.375,1.5)中点x 4=1.4375,f (1.4375)<0.取(1.4375,1.5). ∵|1.5-1.4375|=0.0625<0.1,∴方程x 2+2x =5(x >0)的近似解为x =1.5(或1.4375).19.(12分)要挖一个面积为800 m 2的矩形鱼池,并在四周修出宽分别为1 m,2 m 的小路,试求鱼池与路的占地总面积的最小值.解:设所建矩形鱼池的长为x m ,则宽为800x m ,于是鱼池与路的占地面积为 y =(x +2)(800x +4)=808+4x +1600x =808+4(x +400x )=808+4[(x -20x )2+40].当x =20x,即x =20时,y 取最小值为968 m 2. 答:鱼池与路的占地最小面积是968 m 2.20.(12分)某农工贸集团开发的养殖业和养殖加工生产的年利润分别为P 和Q (万元),这两项利润与投入的资金x (万元)的关系是P =x 3,Q =103x ,该集团今年计划对这两项生产共投入资金60万元,其中投入养殖业为x 万元,获得总利润y (万元),写出y 关于x 的函数关系式及其定义域.解:投入养殖加工生产业为60-x 万元.由题意可得,y =P +Q =x 3+10360-x ,由60-x ≥0得x ≤60,∴0≤x ≤60,即函数的定义域是[0,60].21.(12分)已知某种产品的数量x (百件)与其成本y (千元)之间的函数关系可以近似用y =ax 2+bx +c 表示,其中a ,b ,c 为待定常数,今有实际统计数据如下表:(1)试确定成本函数y =f (x );(2)已知每件这种产品的销售价为200元,求利润函数p =p (x );(3)据利润函数p =p (x )确定盈亏转折时的产品数量.(即产品数量等于多少时,能扭亏为盈或由盈转亏)解:(1)将表格中相关数据代入y =ax 2+bx +c , 得⎩⎪⎨⎪⎧36a +6b +c =104100a +10b +c =160,400a +20b +c =370解得a =12,b =6,c =50.所以y =f (x )=12x 2+6x +50(x ≥0).(2)p =p (x )=-12x 2+14x -50(x ≥0). (3)令p (x )=0,即-12x 2+14x -50=0, 解得x =14±46,即x 1=4.2,x 2=23.8,故4.2<x <23.8时,p (x )>0;x <4.2或x >23.8时,p (x )<0, 所以当产品数量为420件时,能扭亏为盈; 当产品数量为2380件时由盈变亏.22.(12分)某企业常年生产一种出口产品,根据需求预测:进入21世纪以来,前8年在正常情况下,该产品产量将平衡增长.已知2000年为第一年,头4年年产量f (x )(万件)如表所示:(1)画出2000~2003年该企业年产量的散点图;(2)建立一个能基本反映(误差小于0.1)这一时期该企业年产量发展变化的函数模型,并求之.(3)2006年(即x =7)因受到某外国对我国该产品反倾销的影响,年产量应减少30%,试根据所建立的函数模型,确定2006年的年产量应该约为多少?解:图2(1)散点图如图2:(2)设f (x )=ax +b .由已知得⎩⎪⎨⎪⎧a +b =43a +b =7,解得a =32,b =52, ∴f (x )=32x +52.检验:f (2)=5.5,|5.58-5.5|=0.08<0.1;f(4)=8.5,|8.44-8.5|=0.06<0.1.∴模型f(x)=32x+52能基本反映产量变化.(3)f(7)=32×7+52=13,由题意知,2006年的年产量约为13×70%=9.1(万件),即2006年的年产量应约为9.1万件.必修1综合练习一、选择题(每小题5分,共60分)1.集合A ={1,2},B ={1,2,3},C ={2,3,4},则(A ∩B )∪C =( ) A .{1,2,3} B .{1,2,4} C .{2,3,4}D .{1,2,3,4}解析:∵A ∩B ={1,2},∴(A ∩B )∪C ={1,2,3,4}. 答案:D2.如图1所示,U 表示全集,用A ,B 表示阴影部分正确的是( )图1A .A ∪B B .(∁U A )∪(∁U B )C .A ∩BD .(∁U A )∩(∁U B )解析:由集合之间的包含关系及补集的定义易得阴影部分为(∁U A )∩(∁U B ). 答案:D3.若f (x )=1-2x ,g (1-2x )=1-x 2x 2(x ≠0),则g ⎝ ⎛⎭⎪⎫12的值为( )A .1B .3C .15D .30解析:g (1-2x )=1-x 2x 2,令12=1-2x ,则x =14,∴g ⎝ ⎛⎭⎪⎫12=1-116116=15,故选C. 答案:C4.设函数f (x )=⎩⎨⎧(x +1)2(x <1),4-x -1(x ≥1),则使得f (-1)+f (m -1)=1成立的m 的值为( )A .10B .0,-2C .0,-2,10D .1,-1,11解析:因为x <1时,f (x )=(x +1)2,所以f (-1)=0.当m -1<1,即m <2时,f (m -1)=m 2=1,m =±1.当m -1≥1,即m ≥2时,f (m -1)=4-m -2=1,所以m =11.答案:D5.若x =6是不等式log a (x 2-2x -15)>log a (x +13)的一个解,则该不等式的解集为( ) A .(-4,7)B .(5,7)C .(-4,-3)∪(5,7)D .(-∞,-4)∪(5,+∞)解析:将x =6代入不等式,得log a 9>log a 19,所以a ∈(0,1).则⎩⎪⎨⎪⎧x 2-2x -15>0,x +13>0,x 2-2x -15<x +13.解得x ∈(-4,-3)∪(5,7).答案:C 6.若函数f (x )=12x +1,则该函数在(-∞,+∞)上是( ) A .单调递减无最小值 B .单调递减有最大值 C .单调递增无最大值D .单调递增有最大值解析:2x +1在(-∞,+∞)上递增,且2x +1>0, ∴12x +1在(-∞,+∞)上递减且无最小值. 答案:A7.方程(13)x =|log 3x |的解的个数是( ) A .0 B .1 C .2D .3解析:图2在平面坐标系中,画出函数y 1=(13)x 和y 2=|log 3x |的图象,如图2所示,可知方程有两个解.答案:C8.下列各式中,正确的是( ) A .(-43)23<(-54)23B .(-45)13<(-56)13C .(12)12>(13)12D .(-32)3>(-43)3解析:函数y =x 23在(-∞,0)上是减函数,而-43<-54,∴(-43)23>(-54)23,故A 错; 函数y =x 13在(-∞,+∞)上是增函数,而-45>-56,∴(-45)13>(-56)13,故B 错,同理D 错.答案:C9.生物学指出:生态系统在输入一个营养级的能量中,大约10%的能量能够流到下一个营养级,在H 1→H 2→H 3这个食物链中,若能使H 3获得10 kJ 的能量,则需H 1提供的能量为( )A .105 kJB .104 kJC .103 kJD .102 kJ解析:H 1⎝ ⎛⎭⎪⎫1102=10,∴H 1=103.答案:C10.如图3(1)所示,阴影部分的面积S 是h 的函数(0≤h ≤H ),则该函数的图象是如图3(2)所示的( )图3解析:当h =H2时,对应阴影部分的面积小于整个图形面积的一半,且随着h 的增大,S 随之减小,故排除A ,B ,D.答案:C11.函数f (x )在(-1,1)上是奇函数,且在(-1,1)上是减函数,若f (1-m )+f (-m )<0,则m的取值范围是( )A .(0,12) B .(-1,1) C .(-1,12)D .(-1,0)∪(1,12)解析:f (1-m )<-f (-m ),∵f (x )在(-1,1)上是奇函数,∴f (1-m )<f (m ),∴1>1-m >m >-1, 解得0<m <12,即m ∈(0,12). 答案:A12.(2009·山东卷)定义在R 上的函数f (x )满足f (x )=⎩⎨⎧ log 2(1-x ),f (x -1)-f (x -2),x ≤0x >0,则f (2009)的值为( )A .-1B .0C .1D .2解析:由题意可得:x >0时,f (x )=f (x -1)-f (x -2),从而f (x -1)=f (x -2)-f (x -3). 两式相加得f (x )=-f (x -3),f (x -6)=f [(x -3)-3]=-f (x -3)=f (x ), ∴f (2009)=f (2003)=f (1997)=…=f (5)=f (-1)=log 22=1. 答案:C第Ⅱ卷(非选择题,共90分) 二、填空题(每小题5分,共20分) 13.log 2716log 34的值是________.解析:log 2716log 34=23log 34log 34=23.答案:2314.若函数y =kx +5kx 2+4kx +3的定义域为R ,则实数k 的取值范围为__________.解析:kx 2+4kx +3恒不为零.若k =0,符合题意,k ≠0,Δ<0,也符合题意.所以0≤k <34.答案:⎩⎪⎨⎪⎧⎭⎪⎬⎪⎫k ⎪⎪⎪0≤k <3415.已知全集U ={x |x ∈R },集合A ={x |x ≤1或x ≥3},集合B ={x |k <x <k +1,k ∈R },且(∁U A )∩B =Ø,则实数k 的取值范围是________.解析:∁U A ={x |1<x <3},又(∁U A )∩B =Ø, ∴k +1≤1或k ≥3, ∴k ≤0或k ≥3.答案:(-∞,0]∪[3,+∞)16.麋鹿是国家一级保护动物,位于江苏省中部黄海之滨的江苏大丰麋鹿国家级自然保护区成立于1986年,第一年(即1986年)只有麋鹿100头,由于科学的人工培育,这种当初快要灭绝的动物只数y (只)与时间x (年)的关系可近似地由关系式y =a log 2(x +1)给出,则到2016年时,预测麋鹿的只数约为________.解析:当x =1时,y =a log 22=a =100,∴y =100log 2(x +1), ∵2016-1986+1=31,即2016年为第31年, ∴y =100log 2(31+1)=500, ∴2016年麋鹿的只数约为500. 答案:500三、解答题(写出必要的计算步骤,只写最后结果不得分,共70分)17.(10分)用定义证明:函数g (x )=kx (k <0,k 为常数)在(-∞,0)上为增函数. 证明:设x 1<x 2<0,则g (x 1)-g (x 2)=k x 1-k x 2=k (x 2-x 1)x 1x 2.∵x 1<x 2<0,∴x 1x 2>0,x 2-x 1>0,又∵k <0,∴g (x 1)-g (x 2)<0,即g (x 1)<g (x 2),∴g (x )=kx (k <0,k 为常数)在(-∞,0)上为增函数.18.(12分)已知集合P ={x |2≤x ≤5},Q ={x |k +1≤x ≤2k -1},当P ∩Q =Ø时,求实数k 的取值范围.解:当Q ≠Ø,且P ∩Q =Ø时,⎩⎪⎨⎪⎧ 2k -1<2,2k -1≥k +1,或⎩⎪⎨⎪⎧k +1>5,2k -1≥k +1.解得k >4;当Q =Ø时,即2k -1<k +1,即k <2时,P ∩Q =Ø.综上可知,当P ∩Q =Ø时,k <2或k >4.19.(12分)已知f (x )为一次函数,且满足4f (1-x )-2f (x -1)=3x +18,求函数f (x )在[-1,1]上的最大值,并比较f (2007)和f (2008)的大小.解:因为函数f (x )为一次函数,所以f (x )在[-1,1]上是单调函数,f (x )在[-1,1]上的最大值为max{f (-1),f (1)}.分别取x =0和x =2,得⎩⎪⎨⎪⎧4f (1)-2f (-1)=18,4f (-1)-2f (1)=24,解得f (1)=10,f (-1)=11,所以函数f (x )在[-1,1]上的最大值为f (-1)=11.又因为f (1)<f (-1),所以f (x )在R 上是减函数,所以f (2007)>f (2008).20.(12分)已知函数f (x )=ax 2-2ax +2+b (a ≠0),若f (x )在区间[2,3]上有最大值5,最小值2.(1)求a ,b 的值;(2)若b <1,g (x )=f (x )-mx 在[2,4]上单调,求m 的取值范围. 解:(1)f (x )=a (x -1)2+2+b -a . ①当a >0时,f (x )在[2,3]上单调递增.故⎩⎪⎨⎪⎧ f (2)=2f (3)=5,即⎩⎪⎨⎪⎧ 4a -4a +2+b =29a -6a +2+b =5,解得⎩⎪⎨⎪⎧a =1b =0 ②当a <0时,f (x )在[2,3]上单调递减.故⎩⎪⎨⎪⎧f (2)=5f (3)=2,即⎩⎪⎨⎪⎧4a -4a +2+b =59a -6a +2+b =2,解得⎩⎪⎨⎪⎧a =-1b =3. (2)∵b <1,∴a =1,b =0,即f (x )=x 2-2x +2,g (x )=x 2-2x +2-mx =x 2-(2+m )x +2,由题意知2+m 2≤2或2+m2≥4,∴m ≤2或m ≥6. 21.(12分)设函数y =f (x ),且lg(lg y )=lg3x +lg(3-x ). (1)求f (x )的解析式和定义域; (2)求f (x )的值域; (3)讨论f (x )的单调性.解:(1)lg(lg y )=lg[3x ·(3-x )],即lg y =3x (3-x ),y =103x (3-x ).又⎩⎪⎨⎪⎧3x >0,3-x >0,所以0<x <3,所以f (x )=103x (3-x )(0<x <3).(2)y =103x (3-x ),设u =3x (3-x )=-3x 2+9x =-3⎝⎛⎭⎪⎫x 2-3x +94+274=-3(x -32)2+274.当x =32∈(0,3)时,u 取得最大值274,所以u ∈(0,274],y ∈(1,10274].(3)当0<x ≤32时,u =-3⎝ ⎛⎭⎪⎫x -322+274是增函数,而y =10u是增函数,所以在⎝ ⎛⎦⎥⎤0,32上f (x )是递增的;当32<x <3时,u 是减函数,y =10u 是增函数,所以f (x )是减函数.22.(12分)已知函数f (x )=lg(4-k ·2x )(其中k 为实数), (1)求函数f (x )的定义域;(2)若f (x )在(-∞,2]上有意义,试求实数k 的取值范围. 解:(1)由题意可知:4-k ·2x >0,即解不等式:k ·2x <4, ①当k ≤0时,不等式的解为R ,②当k >0时,不等式的解为x <log 24k ,所以当k ≤0时,f (x )的定义域为R ; 当k >0时,f (x )的定义域为(-∞,log 24k ).(2)由题意可知:对任意x ∈(-∞,2],不等式4-k ·2x >0恒成立.得k <42x ,设u =42x , 又x ∈(-∞,2],u =42x 的最小值1.所以符合题意的实数k 的范围是(-∞,1).。
高中物理人教(新课标)必修1同步练习:第四章 专题 板块模型
高中物理人教(新课标)必修1同步练习:第四章专题板块模型姓名:________ 班级:________ 成绩:________一、单选题 (共6题;共12分)1. (2分) (2017高二下·黄山期末) 如图所示,质量为M的框架放在水平地面上,一轻弹簧上端固定一个质量为m的小球,小球上下振动时,框架始终没有跳起.当框架对地面压力为零瞬间,小球的加速度大小为()A . gB . gC . 0D . g【考点】2. (2分)(2019·昆明模拟) 在光滑水平面上有一质点处于静止状态,现施加一水平力F,力F随时间t按如图所示的余弦函数变化,则下列说法正确的是()A . 在0〜4s内,力F做功为零B . 第2s末,质点的加速度最大C . 第4s末,质点的速度最大D . 在2s〜4s内,质点做加速运动【考点】3. (2分)(2016·武昌模拟) 如图所示,质量为M=4kg的木板A长L=1m,静止放在光滑的水平地面上,其右端静置一质量为m=1kg的小滑块B(可视为质点),它与木板A之间的动摩擦因数μ=0.4.现用水平恒力F=28N 向右拉木板,使小滑块B能从木板A上滑下来.木板A和小滑块B的加速度大小分别为aA、aB ,速度大小分别为vA,vB ,重力加速度g取10m/s2 ,则从开始运动到小滑块B滑下木板的过程中,下列图像正确的是()A .B .C .D .【考点】4. (2分) (2018高二上·黑龙江期末) 如图所示,图中实线是一簇未标明方向的由点电荷产生的电场线,虚线是某带电粒子通过该电场区域时的运动轨迹,a、b是轨迹上的两点,若带电粒子在运动过程中只受到电场力作用,根据此图可以作出的判断,错误的是()A . 带电粒子所带电荷的正、负B . 带电粒子在a、b两点的受力方向C . 带电粒子在a、b两点的加速度何处较大D . 带电粒子在a、b两点的速度何处较大【考点】5. (2分) (2018高三上·武邑模拟) 一个质量可忽略不计的长轻质木板置于光滑水平地面上,木板上放质量分别为mA=1 kg和mB=2 kg的A、B两物块,A、B与木板之间的动摩擦因数都为μ=0.2,水平恒力F作用在A 物块上,如图所示(重力加速度g取10 m/s2).则下列说法错误的是()A . 若F=1 N,则A,B都相对板静止不动B . 若F=1.5 N,则A物块所受摩擦力大小为1.5 NC . 若F=4 N,则B物块所受摩擦力大小为2 ND . 若F=6 N,则B物块的加速度为1 m/s2【考点】6. (2分)水平地面上一个质量的物体,在水平向右拉力作用下,向右匀速运动,那么,在刚刚撤去F时,物体的加速度是()A . 等于零B . ,水平向左C . ,水平向右D . ,水平向左【考点】二、多选题 (共6题;共18分)7. (3分) (2017高一下·营口开学考) 如图所示,某人正通过定滑轮将质量为m的货物提升到高处.滑轮的质量和摩擦均不计,货物获得的加速度a与绳子对货物竖直向上的拉力T之间的函数关系如图所示.以下判断正确的是()A . 图线与纵轴的交点M的值aM=﹣gB . 图线与横轴的交点N的值TN=mgC . 图线的斜率等于物体的质量mD . 图线的斜率等于物体质量的倒数【考点】8. (3分) (2017高一上·肇庆期末) 质量为m的人站在升降机中,如果升降机运动时加速度的绝对值为a,升降机底板对人的支持力N=ma+mg,则可能的情况是()A . 升降机以加速度a向下加速运动B . 升降机以加速度a向上加速运动C . 在向上运动中,以加速度a制动D . 在向下运动中,以加速度a制动【考点】9. (3分)(2019·南京模拟) 质量均为m的两个木块A、B用一轻弹簧拴接,静置于水平地面上,如图甲所示.现用一竖直向上的恒力F拉木块A,使木块A向上做直线运动,如图乙所示.从木块A开始运动到木块B刚要离开地面的过程中,设弹簧始终处于弹性限度内,重力加速度为g,下列说法中正确的有()A . 要使B能离开地面,F的大小应大于mgB . A的加速度一定先减小后增大C . A的动能一定先增大后减小D . A、B和弹簧组成的系统机械能一定增大【考点】10. (3分) (2017高一下·合肥期末) 一质点在0~15s内竖直向上运动,其加速度﹣时间变化的图象如图所示,若取竖直向下为正,g取10m/s2 ,则下列说法正确的是()A . 质点的机械能不断增加B . 在0~5s内质点的动能减小C . 在10~15s内质点的机械能一直增加D . 在t=15s时质点的机械能大于t=5s时质点的机械能【考点】11. (3分) (2018高三上·河北期末) 如图甲所示,倾角为θ的光滑斜面固定在水平面上,劲度系数为k 的轻弹簧,下端固定在斜面底端,上端与质量为m的物块A连接,A的右侧紧靠一质量为m的物块B,但B与A不粘连。
人教版新课标高中英语 2019-2020学年 必修一 Unit 4 Earthquakes 综合练习含答案详解
Unit4 单元综合测评本套试卷分为第Ⅰ卷(选择题)和第Ⅱ卷(非选择题)两部分。
第Ⅰ卷65分,第Ⅱ卷55分,共120分。
考试时间100分钟。
第Ⅰ卷(选择题共65分)Ⅰ.阅读理解(共两节,满分35分)第一节(共10小题;每小题2.5分,满分25分)ALi Bingyin is now studying law at the Stern School of Business at New York University. She wrote this letter just before Hurricane Sandy destroyed the East Coast.Dear readers,The storm w ill really__take__a__toll on the city!Right no w I am sitting in my dormitory, w aiting for the blackout(停电)to come at any second, and listening to the w ind ho w l outside my w indo w s. Hurricane Sandy is supposed to hit the East Coast hard today. Due to the bad w eather, most schools and uni v ersities ha v e cancelled classes for Monday and Tuesday.Luckily, the uni v ersity has taken measures to prepare for this storm. Uni v ersity officials sent out e-mails w ith explanation in the case of a blackout, e v acuation(撤离), or other emergency. Just recently, I recei v ed se v eral text messages from the school about po w er-off in certain dormitories. They ad v ised us to prepare a bag w ith essentials(生活必需品), in case w e needed to lea v e the building and relocate to a safer location.Yesterday I w ent out to buy a flashlight, but all of the nearby stores w ere sold out. E v eryone w as stocking up on(存储)w ater, food and other supplies for the storm.Right no w the city is unusually quiet. On any other day, there w ould be the sounds of cars, people chatting, and street artists performing. Tonight, there's just the w ind and rain hitting the w indo w. The sub w ay system has been closed since last night, and there is rarely anyone on the streets. Hopefully Hurricane Sandy w ill soon pass w ithout lea v ing much damage.Sincerely,Li Bingyin1. From the passage we can know that________.A.Storm Sandy has already caused great damage to New YorkB.the author went out to buy a flashlight but failedC.most people haven't been prepared for the coming of Storm SandyD.most schools and universities have cancelled classes for 3 days2. What measures has the university taken to prepare for the storm?A.The university has asked students to leave the school at once.B.The university has asked students to close all the windows and doors.C.The university has sent text messages to students about what time the storm will come.D.The university has asked students to prepare necessary things in case of evacuation.3. What does the underlined words “take a toll” mean?A.Cause a loss. B.Destroy. C.Flood. D.Bury.4. What can we infer from the last paragraph?A.New York is a quiet city at other times. B.New York is a busy city at other times.C.Storm Sandy has already come. D.The airport system has been closed since last night.BOn Sept. 24, an earthquake struck the south-west of Pakistan, taking more than 300 people's lives and leaving hundreds of thousands homeless. But after the horrible disaster, people living by the coast received another shock—they saw a new island, which seemed to have appeared out of nowhere in the sea just over a kilometre from the shore, reported BBC News.“I stepped out and was flabbergasted,” local journalist Bahram Baloch told the BBC. “I could see this grey, dome-shaped (圆顶形的) body in the distance, like a giant whale swimming near the surface. Hundreds of people had gathered to watch it in disbelief.”This island has become a global curiosity. How was it formed in just a few minutes?As you might already know, many islands in the sea are formed by volcanoes. There are numerous volcanoes under the sea. As the hot lava erupts and cools down, it piles up and forms the shape of a mountain. When the mountain “grows” to higher than the sea level, the part that's above the water is what we call an “island”.This is how the island was formed after the Pakistan earthquake, except that instead of a regular volcano, it was a “mud volcano”that brought about this island. Lava is not the only thing that's locked under the earth's crust—there is also gas. When an earthquake happens and breaks part of the crust, the gas is released at an extremely high speed, pushing mud up to the surface, according to National Geographic.But only earthquakes that are extremely powerful can cause mud volcanoes to push up enough mud toproduce islands—and this 7.7magnitude earthquake in Pakistan was strong enough. The island is about 20 metres high, up to about 90 metres wide and 30 metres long, nearly the size of a soccer field.In fact, mud volcano islands aren't new. This is the fourth island of this kind in the region since 1945. But those islands usually didn't last long.“It will probably be gone within a couple of months,”said Bill Barnhart, a researcher with the US Geological Survey. After all, “It's just a big pile of mud that was on the seafloor that got pushed up.”5. What is the article mainly about?A.The disastrous effects of coastal earthquakes.B.The difference between mud volcanoes and regular volcanoes.C.How islands are formed by mud volcanoes.D.The great natural wonders of Pakistan.6. The underlined word “flabbergasted” in Paragraph 2 is closest in meaning to “________”.A.surprised B.disappointed C.worried D.curious7. We can infer from the article that ________.A.the new island near the coast of Pakistan actually took a few months to formB.scientists still know little about different types of volcanoesC.another earthquake is likely to happen in Pakistan within a couple of monthsD.not all volcanoes change the geological appearance of the earthCSuppose you have everything: a good job, good health, good relationships and a lot of money to spend. But still there is something missing from your life. Guess what? The love. It is not something that you should ignore. Life without love is just like body without soul.Love gives meaning to life as without love life is meaningless. Lucky is the person who gets love and keeps the flames of love burning forever. It is not a matter of days or months. Love__is__for__life__and__life__is__for__love.It is easy to fall in love but difficult to keep the flames of love burning. Before having serious long-term love relationships, be sure that the person you love is also sincere with you. A selfish person can make your life terrible. If this is the case with you then try to get rid of that person as soon as possible.Most people do not give importance to their love life as they give importance to their professional life. This is a bad choice which ruins the whole life. A balance between the two is necessary in order to enjoy life in itsentirety. Do not lose the love you need.In order to make your life more exciting and enjoyable, you need a loving and caring person with whom you can share your values, dreams, joys and jokes. In difficult times of failure, pain, or loss of dear ones, this person should stand firm beside you and comfort you in every possible manner.Love your life and love the person who is in your life. Keep the flames of love burning to live a great life.8. What's the meaning of the underlined sentence in the second paragraph?A.Love is only for life. B.Life is designed only for love.C.Life is not separated from love. D.When you have a good life, you can own a real love.9. If you want to keep the flames of love burning, you should________.A.try to remove your bad manners as soon as possibleB.make certain that the person you love is also sincereC.try to find out whether the person you love really loves youD.make sure that you treat the person sincerely10. The writer wants to advise us________.A.to value everything one has B.to be sincere with the people aroundC.to live a life full of love all one's life D.to avoid being a selfish person第二节(共5小题;每小题2分,满分10分)根据短文内容,从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。
人教新课标高中化学必修二习题 原电池原理的综合与探究 专题练习
专题练习原电池原理的综合与探究1.下列说法正确的是()A.由于铜与稀硫酸不反应,将铜片和铁片紧靠在一起后浸入稀硫酸中,铜片表面仍无气泡B.因为锌比铁活泼,当将两者相连后浸入稀硫酸中,锌片表面出现气泡C.将铜片插入三氯化铁溶液中,在铜片表面不会出现一层铁D.为增强高压输电线的导电性,可以在铝导线束的中心加一根铜丝2.下列有关原电池的说法正确的是()A.将生铁投入稀盐酸中不能形成原电池B.镀锌铁放入稀硫酸中后,铁作负极C.铝片和镁片用导线连接后插入NaOH溶液中,Mg较活泼作负极D.铝片和铜片用导线连接后插入浓硝酸中,铜作负极3.以下四位同学的观点中正确的是()A.根据反应Cu+H2SO4===CuSO4+H2↑设计的原电池中铜作负极B.钠块与铜用导线连接后插入到稀盐酸中发现铜的表面很快有大量的气泡冒出C.根据原电池原理,可以将反应2H2+O2===2H2O设计成原电池,且H2在负极反应D.构成闭合回路是形成原电池的必备要素之一,电子在此闭合回路中从负极流经导线到达正极,再从正极经电解质溶液流回负极4.下列关于原电池的叙述中正确的是()A.正极和负极必须是两种不同的金属B.电子流出的一极为负极,电子流入的一极为正极C.原电池工作时,正极与负极上都有氧化反应、还原反应发生D.锌、铜和盐酸构成的原电池工作时,锌片上有6.5g锌溶解,正极上就有0.1g氢气生成5.将铜棒和铝棒用导线连接后插入浓硝酸溶液中,下列叙述中正确的是()A.该装置能形成原电池,其中铝是负极B.该装置能形成原电池,其中铜是负极C.该装置不能形成原电池D.以上说法均不正确6.下列关于实验现象的描述不正确的是()A.把铜片和铁片紧靠在一起浸入稀硫酸中,铜片表面出现气泡B.用锌片和铁片作电极一起浸入稀盐酸中,能形成原电池,且锌作负极C.把铜片插入三氯化铁溶液中,在铜片表面出现一层铁D.把锌粒放入盛有盐酸的试管中,加入几滴氯化铜溶液,气泡放出速率加快7.如图所示装置中,观察到电流表指针偏转,X棒变重,Y棒变轻,由此判断下表中所列X、Y、Z物质,其中可以成立的是()8.按如图装置实验,若x轴表示流入正极电子的物质的量,则y轴应表示()①c(Ag+)②c(NO)③a棒的质量④b棒的质量⑤溶液的质量A.①③B.③④C.①②④D.②9.有如图所示的两个原电池装置,下列说法不正确的是()A.A池中负极的电极反应为Mg-2e-===Mg2+B.镁在A池中为负极,在B池中为正极C.B池中电子的流向:镁→铝D.原电池工作一段时间后,A池溶液的氢离子浓度减小10.依据氧化还原反应:2Ag++Cu===Cu2++2Ag,设计的原电池如图所示。
人教新课标英语 必修二 Unit 4 Wildlife protection 综合练习题
必修二Unit 4 Wildlife protection 综合练习题一.词性转换1. protect vt. _________________ n.2. important adj. ____________________ n.3. affect vt. ____________________ n.4. distant adj. ____________________ n.5. laughter n. _________________v.6. powerful adj. _____________________ n7. contain vt. ____________________ n.8. succeed vi. _________________ n. _________________ a dj. __________________ adv.9. employ vt. _________________ n. ________________ n. (雇员) ________________ n. (雇主)10. loss n. _________________ v. _________________ adj. ________________ n. (失败者)二.单词填空1. By 1881, the population of Ireland had ______________________ (减少) to 5.2 million.2. China is getting more and more ________________ (强大) in the world.3. It is not allowed to _________________________(打猎) wild animals in this area.4. The climate __________________ (影响) the amount of the rainfall last year.5. A tiger is a very _________________(凶猛的) kind of animal. However, it won’t attack you if you don’t.6. People say that barking dogs don’t b________________ .7. I'd a_____________________ it if you let me get on with my job.8. Fresh fruit and vegetables c________________ plentiful Vitamin C.9.Very few people s___________________ in losing weight and keeping it off.10.It wouldn't do you any h___________________ to get some experience first.11.He showed no m_________________ to his enemies.12.Your mistake resulted in heavy l_______________.13.Dave didn't r________________(回应)to any of her emails, which made her angry.14.It is a rule that our baggage should be i_________ by customs officers(海关人员).15.I am busy, so I have to e______________ a housekeeper to look after my children.三.选择词组填空die out according to in peace in danger so that succeed in do harm toburst into laughter protect…from pay attention to come into being in relief1. The new country ______________________ only two years ago.2. _____________________ the teacher, He fell far behind other students as a result of laziness.3. The government i s doing its best to ______________ those rare animals ________ being hunted.4. I had warned him of the possible danger, but he didn’t ___________________ it.5. Elephants would ___________ if men are allowed to shoot as many as they wished.6. Children’s lives are ________________ every time they cross the road.7. The two communities live together _________________.8. Hearing the funny story, all of us _______________________.9. Why don't you start out early ________________ you don't have to hurry?10. No one was hurt, and we all smiled _______________.五.阅读理解People realize that, although animals may not have the same intelligence(智力)as human beings, they are smart enough to learn certain things.Dogs are extremely useful as companions for blind people. When a dog has been properly trained, he will always lead his blind master in the right direction and keep him out of danger. For example, seeing-eye dogs learn never to cross a busy road when cars are coming, even if their master ordered them to do so.Horses are also able to learn many things. Horses that are used for guard or police duty must learn never to be frightened of noises, traffic, and other disturbances. Racing horses are able to run much faster than other horses, but they are also quite high strung(易紧张). Therefore, it is necessary for those people who train them to be very patient(耐心) and understanding.The moving pictures and television can use trained animals too. Some animals, such as monkeys and foxes, are easy to film. All you have to do is make a trail in front of the camera by dragging something that smells good to the animals over the ground. Big animals, such as lions and tigers, can be photographed as they bound happily back to their families and dinner. If a movie actor is nearby, the well-trained animal will pay no attention to him. However, the audience may imagine that the actor escaped a terrible death by the skin of his teeth.1. Dogs who help blind people must learn .A. to obey all ordersB. to obey only safe ordersC. never to cross roadsD. to cross road when ordered to do so2. Race horses are hard to train because they are .A. faster than other horsesB. smaller than other horsesC. clever than other horseD. more nervous than other horses3. What does “make a trail” mean here in the last paragraph?A. place something to attract the animalB. give the animal a certain taskC. order the animal to do thingsD. follow the animal to hunt4. Lions can be photographed easily when .A. they are following a trial of something that smells good to themB. they are returning to their familiesC. they have been trained to work with other animalsD. they do not know a movie-actor is nearby六.用所给词的正确形式填空1.The plane crashed and _______________(burst) into flames.2.The enemy killed the villages _______________(mercy).3.A new law has been made ______________(protect) the animal from _______________(harm).4.He was deeply _______________(affect ) by my words.5.You can’t _______________(full) appreciate foreign literature in translation.6.I tried to discuss it with her but only succeed ______________(介词)making her angry.7.Our company ___________________(employ) about one hundred people last year.8.The flood did a lot of _______________(harm) to the crops.9.The shelter gave her _______________(protect) from wind and rain.10.Winter is the best time for _______________(hunt) in the mountain areas.11.The dentist _______________(inspect) the children’s teeth twice a year.12.He could remember every small incident _______________(clear).13.After _______________ (wash) her hands, the girl went on to rub them dry.14.This book is about how these basic beliefs and values _______________(affect) our daily life.15.His __________ (raise) his arm gave her __________(protect) from the heavy blow.16.We should pay attention to __________(protect) the environment to offer our children a good livng place.三语法填空:One day, Daisy ________ (dream) a strange dream. She flew ______ a wonderful carpet to talk with an antelope in Tibet. It told her that they were hunted and killed because of the wool beneath ________ stomachs and their fur were being used __________ (make) sweaters like hers. Later, she flew to Zimbabwe _______ she talked with an elephant and got to know the farmers there no longer hunted them because the government took some ________ (act) to protect them. At last, she arrived in a thick rainforest where a monkey told her “No rainforest, no animals, no drugs.” _______ finally everything _______( go) , she had learned so much ________ decided to help protect wildlife.四完形填空There are about fifteen hundred languages in the world. But 21 a few of them are very 22 . English is one of these. Many, many people use it, not only in England and the U.S.A., but in other parts of the world. About 200,000,000 speak it as their own language. It is difficult to say how many people are learning it as a 2 3 language. Many millions are 2 4 to do so. Is it easy or difficult to learn English? Different people may have different 25 . Have you ever 26 ads( 广告) of this kind in the newspapers or magazines? "Learn English in six weeks, or your 27 back..." "Easy and funny! Our records and tapes 28 you master your English in a month. 29 the first day your 30 will be excellent. Just send ... " Of course, it never 31 quite like this.The only language that seems easy to learn is the mother tongue. We should 32 that we all learned our own language well when we were 13 . If we could learn English in the same way, it would not seem so difficult. 34 what a small child does. He listens to what people say. He tries what he hears. When he is using the language, talking in it, 35 in it all the time. Just imagine how much 36 that gets!So it is 37 to say that learning English is easy, because a good command of English 38 upon a lot of practice. And practice needs great effort and 39 much time. Good teachers, records, tapes, books, and dictionaries will 40 . But they cannot do the student's work for him.21. A. not B. quite C. only D. very22. A. difficult B. important C. necessary D. easy23. A. native B. foreign C. useful D. mother24. A. learning B. enjoying C. trying D. liking25. A. questions B. problems C. ideas D. answers26. A. found B. watched C. noticed D. known27. A. knowledge B. time C. money D. English28. A. make B. help C. let D. allow29. A. From B. On C. Since D. After30. A. spelling B. grammar C. English D. pronunciation31. A. happened B. looked C. seemed D. felt32. A. know B. remember C. understand D. think33. A. students B. children C. babies D. grown-ups34. A. Imagine B. Mind C. Do D. Think of35. A. using B. thinking C. trying D. practicing36. A. time B. money C. language D. practice37. A. hard B. easy C. funny D. silly38. A. depends B. tries C. has D. takes39. A. uses B. takes C. gets D. costs40. A. do B. work C. help D. master五阅读理解AIs there anything more important than health? I don’t think so. “Health isthe greatest wea lth.” wise people say. You can’t be good at your studies orwork well when you are ill.If you have a headache, toothache, backache, earache or bad pain in thestomach, if you complain of a bad cough, if you run a high temperature andhave a bad cold, or if you suffer from high or low blood pressure, I think you should go to the doctor.The doctor will examine your throat, feel your pulse, test your blood pressure, take your temperature, sound yo ur heart and lungs, test your eyes, check your teeth or have your chest X-rayed. After that he will advise some tr eatment, or some medicine. The only thing you have to do is to follow his advice.Speaking about doctor’s advice, I can’t help telling you a funny story.An old gentleman came to see the doctor. The man was very ill. He told the doctor about his weakness, memory loss and serious problems with his heart and lungs. The doctor examined him and said there was no medicine f or hisdisease. He told his patient to go to a quiet place for a month and have a goodrest. He also advised him to eat a lot of meat, drink two glasses of red wineevery day and take long walks. In other words, the doctor advised him tofollow the rule: “Eat at pleasure, drink with measure and enjoy life as it is.” The doctor also said that if the man wanted to be well again, he shouldn’t smoke more than one cigarette a day.A month later the gentleman came into the doctor’s office. He looked cheerful and happy. He thanked the docto r and said that he had never felt a healthierman.“ But you know, doctor,” he said, “it’s not easy to begin smoking at myage.”41. The writer thinks that_____.A. health is more important than wealthB. work is as important as studiesC. medicine is more important than pleasureD. nothing is more important than money42. The doctor usually tells his patient what to do______.A. without examining the patientB. after he has examined the patientC. if the patient doesn’t take medicineD. unless the patient feels pain43. The underlined part means “”.A. he was feeling better than everB. he wasn’t a healthy manC. he was feeling worse than beforeD. he will be well again44. From the last sentence of the passage, we learn the man_______ before the doctor told him not to smoke mo re than one cigarette a day.A. was a heavy smokerB. didn’t smoke so muchC. didn’t smokeD. began to learn to smoke45. Which of the following is NOT true?A. The doctor usually tests his/her blood pressure when a person is ill.B. The man told the doctor he couldn’t remember things.C. The man thanked the doctor.D. The man didn’t follow the doctor’s advice.BIt doesn’t matter when and how much a person sleeps , but everyone needs some rest to stay alive. That’s what all doctors thought , until they heard about Herpin. Herpin, it was said , never slept. Could this be true? The doctors decided to see this strange man themselves.Herpin was 90 years old when the doctors came to his home in New Jersey. They thought for sure that he got some sleep of some kind. So they stayed with him and watched every movement he made. But they were surprised . Though they watched him hour after hour and day after day, they never saw him sleeping. In fact , he did not even own a bed. He never needed one.The only rest that Herpin sometimes got was sitting in a comfortable chair and reading newspapers. The doctors were puzzled by this strange continuous sleeplessness. They asked him many questions, hoping to find an answer. They found only one answer that might explain his condition. Herpin remembered some talk about his mother having been injured several days before he was born. But that was all. Was this the real reason? No one could be sure. Herpin died at the age of 94.46. The main idea of this passage is that_____rge numbers of people do not need sleepB. a person was found who actually didn’t need any sleepC.everyone needs some sleep to stay aliveD.people can live longer by trying not to sleep47. The doctors came to visit Herpin, expecting_____A.to cure him of his sleeplessnessB.to find that his sleeplessness was not really trueC.to find out why some old people did not need any sleepD.to find a way to free people from the need of sleeping48. After watching him closely, the doctors came to believe that Al herpin_____A.needed some kind of sleepB.was too old to need any sleepC.needed no sleep at allD.often sleep in a chair49. One reason that might explain Herpin’s sleeplessness was _____A.his mother’s injury before he was bornB.that he had gradually got rid of the sleeping habitC.his magnificent physical conditionD.that he hadn’t got a bed50. Al Herpin’s condition could be regarded as ______A.a common oneB.one that could be curedC.very healthyD.a rare oneCAs a teenager in 1972, Bill Gates once said that he would be a millionaire bythe time he was 20. Only 15 years later he was a billionaire. And by 1992, ashead of the Microsoft company, he became the richest man in American with assets (资产) of about US$ 6.3 billion.Gates was born in Seattle, Washington on 28, October 1956. He first started to play with the computer at the ag e of 13 at his school. At that time, computers were very large machines. Operators were required to learn compl ex computer languages before the machines could be used. Even then, a great deal of time and effort was neede d to perform the simplest functions. Before long Gateswas an expert at working the school’s computer. After his graduation fromsecondary school, Gates was accepted by the three top universities in the USA---Princeton. Harvard and Yale. H e chose Harvard and began classes there the next autumn, majoring in maths. But he spent as much time in the c omputer laboratories as he did in the lecture halls.By 1975, Gates and a partner, Paul Allen, had developed a software program called BASIC. This was not the fir st program ever created, but its inventorswere the first to decide that people who wanted to use it should pay for it.BASIC was a success because until it came along there had been no efficient way of getting computers to carry out instructions. Although he had not yetcompleted his degree, Gates left university and went to work full time for the new company he had formed calle d Microsoft.His next project was the software program that made him famous and veryrich. It was called DOS, short for Disk Operating System, and it was boughtby IBM in 1980. Today it is the operating system used in more than 14 million personal computers around the world.As chief executive officer of Microsoft, Gates is known as a bright man. To most people, Gates, in spite of his wealth, is humble and ordinary. He spends his money carefully and often eats in fast-food restaurants.51. When he was a teenager, Bill Gates wanted to be______.A. an engineerB. a scientistC. a businessmanD. a professor52. Bill Gates became a billionaire______.A. at the age of 31B. in 1985C. in the 1970’sD. by 199253. When Gates was in Harvard University, he________.A. became head of Microsoft companyB. spent most of his time in computer laboratoriesC. developed the first computer programD. succeeded in making computers carry out instructions54. Before the invention of BASIC, software programs____.A. were very cheapB. were not considered commercially (商业地)C. were very expensiveD. were complex but dull55. Bill Gates was regarded as______.A. a strong-minded manB. a crazy manC. a man spending freelyD. a common, normal person。
高中数学新课标测试题及答案精选全文
可编辑修改精选全文完整版新课程标准考试数学试题一、填空题(本大题共10道小题,每小题3分,共30分)1、数学是研究(空间形式和数量关系)的科学,是刻画自然规律和社会规律的科学语言和有效工具。
2、数学教育要使学生掌握数学的基本知识、(基本技能)、基本思想。
3、高中数学课程应具有多样性和(选择性),使不同的学生在数学上得到不同的发展。
4、高中数学课程应注重提高学生的数学(思维)能力。
5、高中数学选修2-2的内容包括:导数及其应用、(推理与证明)、数系的扩充与复数的引入。
6、高中数学课程要求把数学探究、(数学建模)的思想以不同的形式渗透在各个模块和专题内容之中。
7、选修课程系列1是为希望在(人文、社会科学)等方面发展的学生设置的,系列2是为希望在理工、经济等方面发展的学生设置的。
8、新课程标准的目标要求包括三个方面:知识与技能,过程与方法,(情感、态度、价值观)。
9、向量是近代数学中重要和基本的数学概念之一,它是沟通代数、几何与(三角函数)的一种工具。
10、数学探究即数学(探究性课题)学习,是指学生围绕某个数学问题,自主探究、学习的过程。
二、判断题(本大题共5道小题,每小题2分,共10分)1、高中数学课程每个模块1学分,每个专题2学分。
(错,改:高中数学课程每个模块2学分,每个专题1学分。
)2、函数关系和相关关系都是确定性关系。
(错,改:函数关系是一种确定性关系,而相关关系是一种非确定性关系。
)3、统计是研究如何合理收集、整理、分析数据的学科,它可以为人们制定决策提供依据。
(对)4、数学是人类文化的重要组成部分,为此,高中数学课程提倡体现数学的文化价值。
(对)5、教师应成为学生进行数学探究的领导者。
(错,改:教师应成为学生进行数学探究的组织者、指导者和合作者。
)三、简答题(本大题共4道小题,每小题7分,共28分)1、高中数学课程的总目标是什么?答:使学生在九年制义务教育数学课程的基础上,进一步提高作为未来公民所必要的数学素养,以满足个人发展与社会进步的需要。
-2020学年统编版高中语文新教材必修上册综合检测题 -- 统编版高一必修上
答案①树立终身学习的理念,明确“学习是为了自己的持续成长”这一目的。②充分发挥自己的主体性作用,注重非系统知识、非系统能力的获得。③定制适合个人特点、满足个人需要的学习内容和手段、方法。④突破时间和空间的限制,随时随地学习,线上线下混合学习。(写出其中三点,意思相近即可)
(三)文学类文本阅读(本题共3小题,15分)
城市文学的式微,与中国长期以来乡土中国的文化基因有关。中国主流文坛的大部分作家最切实的经验均来自乡土,这也决定了中国文学最成熟、最成功的部分便是乡土文学。比如,作家贾平凹几十年来的创作一直坚持以书写乡土中国来记录这个时代,几乎所有的创作素材都来自他老家商州棣花村。他笔下有对故乡的无比依恋和怀念,也有农民们的迷茫和追问。莫言跟贾平凹一样,大部分作品离不开他的家乡高密。余华几部最出名的小说,写的都是乡土中国,一旦写到城市里来,便被认为是他最不成功的作品。
姑娘听他口气很大,把他仔细打量了一遍。老头瘦瘦的,60多岁,白布褂子,敞着怀,露着黑黑的结实的胸脯,不像是养种花草的人。姑娘问:“大爷,你是哪村的?”
老头蹲在她的花摊前面,摇摇头,对那盆开满粉红色零星小花的三叶梅表示不感兴趣。“那一盆多少钱?”老头抬起下巴朝花车儿上一指,眼睛里泛着某种惊喜。
那是一盆令箭荷花。在今天的花市上是独一份儿。葱翠的令箭似的叶状枝上,四朵花竞相开放,花朵大,花瓣层层叠叠,光洁鲜亮,一层紫红,一层桃红,一层粉红,花丝弯曲嫩黄,阳光一照,整个花朵就像薄薄的彩色玻璃做的。姑娘说:“老大爷,那是令箭荷花。”“我就要它!”老头口气很肯定。姑娘又解释了一句:“它贵。”老头有点生气:“有价儿没有?”
人教A版新课标高中数学必修4第一章《三角函数》综合练习题(含答案)
第一章《三角函数》综合练习一、选择题1.已知角α的终边经过点0p (-3,-4),则)2cos(απ+的值为( )A.54-B.53C.54D.53-2.半径为πcm ,圆心角为120︒所对的弧长为()A .3πcmB .23πcmC .23πcm D .223πcm 3.函数12sin[()]34y x π=+的周期、振幅、初相分别是( )A .3π,2-,4πB .3π,2,12πC .6π,2,12πD .6π,2,4π4.sin y x =的图象上各点纵坐标不变,横坐标变为原来的12,然后把图象沿x 轴向右平移3π个单位,则表达式为( ) A .1sin()26y x π=-B .2sin(2)3y x π=-C .sin(2)3y x π=-D .1sin()23y x π=-5.已知函数f (x )=sin ⎝⎛⎭⎪⎫ωx +π3(ω>0)的最小正周期为π,则该函数图像( )A .关于直线x =π4对称B .关于点(π3,0)对称C .关于点(π4,0)对称D .关于直线x =π3对称6.如图,曲线对应的函数是 ( ) A .y=|sin x | B .y=sin|x |C .y=-sin|x |D .y=-|sin x |7.函数y=cos 2x –3cosx+2的最小值是()A .2B .0C .41 D .68.函数y =3sin ⎝⎛⎭⎪⎫-2x -π6(x ∈[0,π])的单调递增区间是( )A.⎣⎢⎡⎦⎥⎤0,5π12B.⎣⎢⎡⎦⎥⎤π6,2π3C.⎣⎢⎡⎦⎥⎤π6,11π12D.⎣⎢⎡⎦⎥⎤2π3,11π12 9.已知函数sin()y A x B ωϕ=++的一部分图象如右图所示,如果0,0,||2A πωϕ>><,则( )A.4=AB.1ω=C.6πϕ= D.4=B10.已知1cos()63πα+=-,则sin()3πα-的值为()A .13B .13-C .233D .233-11.已知α、β是第二象限的角,且βαcos cos >,则 ( )A.βα<;B.βαsin sin >;C.βαtan tan >;D.以上都不对12.设()f x 是定义域为R ,最小正周期为32π的函数,若cos ,(0)(),2sin ,(0)x x f x x x ππ⎧-≤<⎪=⎨⎪≤<⎩ 则15()4f π-等于( )A. 1B.22C. 0D.22-二、填空题13.函数x x f cos 21)(-=的定义域是______________ 14.若sin α+cos αsin α-cos α=2,则sin αcos α的值是_____________.15、函数])32,6[)(6cos(πππ∈+=x x y 的值域是 . 16.函数f (x )=sin x +2|sin x |,x ∈[0,2π]的图象与直线y =k 有且仅有两个不同的交点,则k 的取值范围是__________.三、解答题17.已知α是第二象限角,sin()tan()()sin()cos(2)tan()f πααπαπαπαα---=+--.(1)化简()f α; (2)若31sin()23πα-=-,求()f α的值.18.已知tan 3α=,求下列各式的值: (1)4sin cos 3sin 5cos αααα-+ ;(2)212sin cos cos ααα+.19.(1)画出函数y =sin ⎪⎭⎫ ⎝⎛6π - 2x 在一个周期的函数图像;(2)求出函数的对称中心和对称轴方程.20.已知y =a -b cos3x (b >0)的最大值为32,最小值为-12.(1)判断其奇偶性.(2)求函数y =-4a sin(3bx )的周期、最大值,并求取得最大值时的x ;21.已知函数45)62sin(21++=πx y (1)求函数的单调递增区间; (2)写出y=sinx 图象如何变换到15sin(2)264y x π=++的图象第一章《三角函数》综合练习答案一、选择题1-5 CDCBB 6-10 CBBCA 11-12 BB 二、填空题13、5[2,2],33k k k Z ππππ++∈14、31015、1[]216、13k << 17. 解析:(1)sin (tan )1()sin cos (tan )cos f ααααααα-==---;(2)若31sin()23πα-=-,则有1cos 3α=-,所以()f α=3。
北师版新课标高中数学必修一同步练习题集合的表示综合题
集合的表示综合题
1.设A 是整数集的一个非空子集.对于k ∈A ,如果k -1∉A ,且k +1∉A ,那么称k 是A 的一个“孤立元”.给定S ={1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8},由S 的3个元素构成的所有集合中,不含“孤立元”的集合共有________个.
【答案】6.
【解析】
依题意可知,孤立元k 必须是集合中没有与k 相邻的元素,因而无“孤立元”是指在集合中有与k 相邻的元素,故所求的集合的元素要么左、右都有相邻数,要么左或右有相邻数,因此,符合题意的集合有{1,2,3},{2,3,4},{3,4,5},{4,5,6},{5,6,7},{6,7,8},共6个.
2. 有下列三个集合: {}21;A x y x ==+{}
21;B y y x ==+(){}2
1C x y y x ==+,.问: (1)它们是不是相同的集合? (2)它们各自的含义是什么?
【答案】(1)在A ,B ,C 三个集合中,虽然代表元素满足的表达式一致,但代表元素互不相同,所以它们是互不相同的集合.
(2)集合A 表示的是x 的取值范围;集合B 表示的是y 的取值范围;集合C 表示的是点集.
【解析】
{}22|11A x y x y x x ==+=+表示的是满足的所有值的集合,
{}22|11B y y x y x y ==+=+表示的是满足的所有值的集合,
(){}22|11C x y y x y x x y ==+=+,,,表示的是满足的所有点()的集合
所以 (1)在A ,B ,C 三个集合中,虽然代表元素满足的表达式一致,但代表元素互不相同,所以它们是互不相同的集合.(2)集合A 表示的是x 的取值范围;集合B 表示的是y 的取值范围;集合C 表示的是点集.。
高中物理人教(新课标)必修1同步练习:4
高中物理人教(新课标)必修1同步练习:4.7用牛顿定律解决问题(二)物理考试注意事项:1、填写答题卡的内容用2B铅笔填写2、提前xx 分钟收取答题卡第Ⅰ卷客观题第Ⅰ卷的注释(共8题;共16分)1.(2分)放在水平地面上的一物体,受到方向不变的水平推力F的作用,力F与时间t的关系和物体速度v与时间t的关系如图所示,则下列说法正确的是()A.物体与地面间的摩擦因数为0.2B.物体与地面间的摩擦因数为0.4C.9s内,力F做的功是18JD.3~6s和6~9s两段时间内摩擦力的平均功率相等2.(2分)一物块位于粗糙水平面上,用大小为F、方向如图所示的力作用在物体上,使它以加速度a向右加速运动。
保持拉力方向不变,当拉力大小变为2F时(物块未离开地面)()A.物体的加速度小于2aB.物体的加速度等于2aC.物体的加速度大于2aD.因为物块的质量未知,故不能确定a的变化情况3.(2分)如图所示,在质量为M的小车中,用细线悬挂一个质量为m的小球,在水平牵引力的作用下,小车向右做匀加速运动,稳定时悬线向左偏离竖直方向的角度为α。
撤去牵引力后,小车继续向右运动,稳定时悬线向右偏离竖直方向的角度为β。
则牵引力的大小为()A.(M+m)gtanβB.(M-m)gtanαC.(M+m)g(tanα+tanβ)D.(M+m)g(tanα-tanβ)4.(2分)一物块在固定的粗糙斜面底端以初速度v0沿斜面向上运动,又返回底端。
能够描述物块速度v随时间t变化关系的图像是()A.B.C.D.5.(2分)质量一定的某物体放在粗糙的水平面上处于静止状态,若用一个方向始终沿水平方向,大小从零开始缓慢增大的变力F作用在物体上,物体的加速度a与F的关系图像如图所示,取g=10m/s2,最大静摩擦力等于滑动摩擦力,则下列正确的是()A.物体的质量为4kgB.物体与水平面间的动摩擦因数为0.2C.物体与水平面间的最大静摩擦力为20ND.F为20N时物体的速度为8m/s6.(2分)如图所示,质量为10kg的物体,在水平地面上向左运动。