基于MAX846A的锂离子电池充电器

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8 4V1A锂电池充电器

安全
安全
高压
符合UL CCC CE PSE FCC ROHS SAA
()Primary to secondary)：3000Vac/5mA/60s.
结构参数
外壳
输出线
外壳尺寸:L78W44H29mm The power supply size L: L78W44H29mm
DC线：AWM 2464 24AWG2C,VW-1，80°C，FT1,300V，线上有字，总长度为1米不带磁环，DC头为 5.52.110MM
8 4V1A锂电池充电器
用于锂电池充电的设备
01 概况描述
03 输出特性
目录
02 输入特性 04 保护功能
05 环境要求ຫໍສະໝຸດ 07 结构参数目录06 安全 08 铭牌
8.4V1A锂电池充电器台湾明纬电源科技有限公司、台达电子股份有限公司生产的锂电池充电器。
概况描述
a.105°输入电容 b.效率高，空载功耗低 c.老化时间长，极少的返修品. . 国内专业的厂家有台湾明纬电源科技有限公司台达电子股份有限公司
输出特性
输出功率电压（+8.4Vdc）充电电流( 1A )转换电流（100MA ）输出功率（8.4W）负载特性/调整率电压（+8.4.0 Vdc）最小空载电压（8.2.V）最大空载电压（8.6V）充电恒流精度（ ±5%）波纹和噪音测试条件：任何负载正常工作下，使用示波器带宽为20MHz连接到适配器的输出端，同时输出端并连一个 4.7uF的电解电容和一个0.1uF的瓷片电容。 The ripple and noise are as follows when measure with Max. Bandwidth of 20MHz and Parallel 4.7uF/0.1uF,crossed connected at testing point. 电压最大波纹最大噪音 Voltage Ripple And Noise(Max.) +8.

基于单片机的锂电池充电器设计

基于单片机的锂电池充电器设计摘要电子技术的快速发展使得各种各样的电子产品都朝着便携式和小型轻量化的方向发展，也使得更多的电气化产品采用基于电池的供电系统。

目前，较多使用的电池有镍镉、镍氢、铅蓄电池和锂电池。

它们的各自特点决定了它们将在相当长的时期内共存发展。

由于不同类型电池的充电特性不同，通常对不同类型，甚至不同电压、容量等级的电池使用不同的充电器，但这在实际使用中有诸多不便。

本课题设计是一种基于单片机的锂离子电池充电器，在设计上，选择了简洁、高效的硬件，设计稳定可靠的软件，详细说明了系统的硬件组成，包括单片机电路、充电控制电路、电压转换及光耦隔离电路，并对本充电器的核心器件—MAX1898充电芯片、AT89C2051单片机进行了较详细的介绍。

阐述了系统的软硬件设计。

以C语言为开发工具，进行了详细设计和编码。

实现了系统的可靠性、稳定性、安全性和经济性。

该智能充电器具有检测锂离子电池的状态；自动切换充电模式以满足充电电池的充电需要；充电器短路保护功能；充电状态显示的功能。

在生活中更好的维护了充电电池，延长了它的使用寿命。

关键词：充电器；单片机；锂电池；MAX1898Lithium Battery Charger Design Based On Single ChipAbstractElectronic technology's fast development causes various electronic products develops toward portable and the small lightweight direction, It also causes the more electrification products to use based on battery's power supply system. At present, the many use's batteries have the nickel cadmium, the nickel hydrogen, the lead accumulator and the lithium battery. Their respective characteristic had decided they will coexist in a long time develop. Because the different type battery's charge characteristic is different, usually to different type, even different voltage, capacity rank battery use different battery charger, but this has many inconveniences in the actual use.This topic design is one kind lithium ion battery charger which is based on Single Chip, in the design, it has chosen succinctly, the highly effective hardware, the design stable reliable software, explained in detail system's hardware composition, including the monolithic integrated circuit electric circuit, the charge control electric circuit, the voltage transformation and the light pair isolating circuit, and to this battery charger's core component - MAX1898 charge chip, at89C2051 monolithic integrated circuit has carried on the detailed introduction. Elaborated system's software and hardware design. Take the C language as the development kit, has carried on the detailed design and the code. Has realized system's reliability, the stability, the security and the efficiency.The intelligence battery charger has the examination lithium ion battery's condition; The automatic cut over charge pattern meets when rechargeable battery's charge needs; Battery charger has short circuit protection function; The charge condition demonstration's function. The battery charger has made the better maintenance rechargeable battery in the life，and lengthened the rechargeable battery’s service life.Key words：Charger; SCM;Lithium battery; MAX1898目录引言 (1)第1章绪论 (2)1.1课题研究的背景 (2)1.2课题研究的主要工作 (3)第2章电池的充电方法与充电控制技术 (5)2.1电池的充电方法和充电器 (5)2.1.1 电池的充电方法 (5)2.1.2 充电器的要求和结构 (9)2.1.3单片机控制的充电器的优点 (10)2.2充电控制技术 (10)2.2.1 快速充电器介绍 (10)2.2.2 快速充电终止控制方法 (11)第3章锂电池充电器硬件设计 (14)3.1单片机电路 (14)3.2电压转换及光耦隔离电路 (17)3.3电源电路 (18)3.4充电控制电路 (20)3.4.1MAX1898充电芯片 (20)3.4.2充电控制电路的实现 (24)第4章锂电池充电器软件设计 (26)4.1程序功能 (26)4.2主要变量说明 (26)4.3程序流程图 (26)结论与展望 (29)致谢 (30)参考文献 (31)附录A 电路原理图 (32)附录B 外文文献及其译文 (33)附录C 主要参考文献的题录及摘要 (40)附录D 主要源程序 (42)插图清单图2-1 恒流电源充电电路 (5)图2-2 准恒流充电电路 (5)图2-3 恒压充电电路 (6)图2-4 浮充方式充电电路 (6)图2-5 涓流方式的简单示意图 (6)图2-6 分阶段充电的简单示意图 (7)图2-7 －△V控制系统框图 (7)图2-8 充电电池、电池电压和充电时间的关系 (8)图2-9 电池温度检测简图 (8)图2-10 电池温度和充电时间的关系 (9)图2-11 充电器结构框图 (10)图2-12 锂电池的充电特性 (11)图2-13 快速充电器原理框图 (12)图3-16N137光耦合器 (18)图3-2 lm7805样品 (18)图3-3 LM7805内部结构框图 (19)图3-4 LM7805功能框图 (20)图3-5 MAX1898的引脚 (21)图3-6 MAX1898的典型充电电路 (22)图3-7 基于MAX1989的智能充电器的原理图 (23)图3-8 锂离子电池充电电路 (25)图4-1(a) 等待外部信号输入 (27)图4-1(b) 外部中断程序 (27)图4-1(c) 定时器程序 (28)图4-1 智能充电器的程序流程图 (28)安徽工程大学毕业设计（论文）- -5 表格清单表1-1 铅酸、镍镉、镍氢和锂离子电池的性能比较 (2)表4-1 P3口 (15)表4-2 LED 指示灯状态说明 (22)表5-1 变量及说明 (26)项冲：基于单片机的锂电池充电器设计引言社会信息化进程的加快对电力、信息系统的安全稳定运行提出了更高的要求。

单片机的充电器

基于单片机的智能充电器的设计摘要：介绍常用充电电池的特点与充电方式，详细讨论了采用单片机控制的能够对镍铬、镍氢和锂离子电池进行充电的通用型智能充电器的软件和硬件设计。

关键词：充电电池；单片机1 蓄电池的特点目前常用的四种化学电池是铅酸电池（PbSO4）、锂离子电池（Li ＋）、镍铬电池（NiCd）和镍氢电池（NiMH）。

由于环保问题和对电池的要求越来越高等综合因素，推动了新电池技术的发展。

1．1 镍铬电池和镍氢电池镍铬电池的容量比镍氢电池或锂离子电池低，具有低阻抗特性，对于需要短时间大电流的应用场合很具吸引力。

但镍铬电池如果未经充分放电又进行充电，或者长时间处于小电流放电状态，就会产生枝状晶体，引起“记忆效应”，从而导致电池内阻变大，容量变小，缩短了电池寿命。

如果在充电前进行完全放电，使每节电池的电压降到1．0V左右，就能消除引起“记忆效应”的枝状晶体，恢复电池的性能。

镍氢电池具有较高的容量，但其自放电率也较高，约为镍铬电池的二倍。

在初始阶段其放电率尤高（每天放掉1％）。

所以镍氢电池不宜用于需要长时间保持电池容量的场合。

就充电方式而言，两种电池非常相似，都是以恒流的方式进行充电，可采用快速、标准或者涓流的方式进行充电。

它们都能以超过2C（C为电池容量，单位为安培）的速率进行充电（但一般采用C／2速率）。

由于存在内部损耗，充电效率一般小于100％，所以，在采用C／2的速率充电时，通常需要两个多小时才能把电池充满。

充电过程中的损耗随着充电速率和电池的不同而不同。

在恒流充电时，电池电压会缓慢达到峰值（ΔV／Δt变为0），镍氢电池需在这个峰值点终止快速充电，镍铬电池的充电须在峰值点后当电池电压开始下降时（ΔV／Δt变为负）即终止快速充电，否则会导致电池内压力和温度上升而损坏电池。

当充电速率大于C／2时，则要监测电池的电压和温度，因为当电池快充满时，电池的温度会急剧上升。

对于镍铬电池和镍氢电池，还可以采用比较简便的涓流充电，这时只会造成极小的温升，不会损坏电池，也就无需终止涓流充电或者监测电池的电压。

锂电池充电器的设计

扬州工业职业技术学院2009 —2010学年第二学期毕业设计课题名称：锂电池充电器的设计设计时间： 2010.02.01—2010.05.21 系部：电子信息工程系班级： 0701电气技术姓名：指导教师：总目录第一部分任务书第二部分开题报告第三部分毕业设计正文第一部分任务书扬州工业职业技术学院毕业设计任务书第二部分开题报告扬州工业职业技术学院电子信息工程系10届毕业设计（论文）开题报告书第三部分毕业设计正文锂电池充电器的设计[摘要] 本设计以单片机为控制核心，系统由指示灯电路、电源电压与环境温度采样电路、精确基准电压产生电路和开关控制电路组成。

实现了电池充电、LED指示、保护机制及异常处理等充电器所需要的基本功能。

本文对锂离子电池的参数特性、充电原理与充电方法进行了详尽的描述，并提出了充电器的设计思想和系统结构。

该电路具有安全快速充电功能，可以广泛应用于室内外单节锂离子电池的充电，如手机、数码产品电池等。

[关键词]锂离子电池，充电器，硬件电路，软件设计The design of lithium battery chargerSui Chaoyun0701 electricity techniqueAbstract:This design uses SCM system for the control of core, it includes the pilot lamp circuit on system, sampling circuit about voltage and temperature, the causes about standard voltage and switch controls. The circuit achieves charging battery, LED instructions, the protection mechanism and exception handling, and other functions. This paper introduces the following things: parameters of lithium-battery, principles and methods on charge, design thinkings and system structure about charger, and it describes the functional mode of the charger in detail,moreover it proposes the thinking of plan and structure of a system.The circuit which be planed have functions of safety,rapid and so on. It can use in the charge of Lithium-ion battery that is only far-ranging,such as the battery of cellphone,digital product and so on.Key words: Lithium-ion battery, Charger, Hardware circuit, Software design目录第一章绪论 (1)1.1 课题的背景及目的 (1)1.2 论文的构成及研究状况 (1)1.3 锂电池充电器的功能描述 (2)第二章锂电池充电器的介绍及系统设计框架 (3)2.1 锂离子的介绍 (3)2.1.1 锂离子电池的发展 (3)2.1.2 锂电池的工作原理及结构 (3)2.1.3 锂电池充电器的充电特性 (5)2.2 系统设计框架 (6)2.3 锂电池充电方法 (8)2.3.1 恒流充电(CC) (8)2.3.2 恒压充电（CV） (8)2.3.3 恒流恒压充电（CC/CV） (9)2.3.4 脉冲充电 (9)第三章锂电池充电器的设计 (10)3.1 锂电池充电器的工作原理 (10)3.1.1 89C51芯片简介 (11)3.1.2 系统指示灯电路 (12)3.1.3 电源电压与环境温度采样电路 (12)3.1.4 精确基准电源产生电路 (13)3.1.5 开关控制电路 (14)3.2 锂电池充电器的设计理念 (15)3.2.1 设计思路 (15)3.2.2 系统主流程 (15)3.2.3 充电流程设计 (17)3.2.4 程序设计 (18)结束语 (31)致谢 (32)参考文献 (33)第一章绪论1.1 课题的背景及目的电子信息时代使对移动电源的需求快速增长。

HE4056A规格书

概述HE4056A是一款性能优异的单节锂离子电池恒流/恒压线性充电器。

HE4056A采用ESOP8封装配合较少的外围原件使其非常适用于便携式产品，并且适合给USB电源以及适配器电源供电。

基于特殊的内部MOSFET架构以及防倒充电路，HE4056A不需要外接检测电阻和隔离二极管。

当外部环境温度过高或者在大功率应用时，热反馈可以调节充电电流以降低芯片温度。

充电电压固定在4.2V，而充电电流则可以通过一个电阻器进行外部设置。

当充电电流在达到最终浮充电压之后降至设定值的1/10，芯片将终止充电循环。

当输入电压断开时，HE4056A进入睡眠状态，电池漏电流将降到1uA以下。

HE4056A可以被设置于停机模式，此时芯片静态电流降至35uA。

HE4056A还包括其他特性：电池温度监测，欠压锁定，自动再充电和两个状态引脚以显示充电和充电终止。

特性◆可编程充电电流1000mA◆无需外接MOSFET，检测电阻以及隔离二极管◆用于单节锂电池、采用ESOP8封装的完整线性充电器◆恒定电流/恒定电压操作，并具有可在无过热危险的情况下实现充电速率最大化的热调节功能。

◆精度达到±1%的4.2V预充电电压◆用于电池电量检测的充电电流监控器输出◆自动再充电◆充电状态双输出、无电池和故障状态显示◆C/10充电终止◆停机模式下的静态电流为35uA◆2.9V涓流充电◆电池温度监测◆软启动限制浪涌电流◆BAT输入防反接保护◆可0V激活应用范围◆移动电话、PDA◆MP3、MP4播放器◆充电器◆数码相机◆电子词典◆蓝牙、GPS导航仪◆便携式设备HE4056A采用ESOP8封装典型应用其中，虚线框出R1/R2/NTC电阻部份为电池温度监测，可选。

也可TEMP脚直接接地，不监测电池温度。

管脚分布ESOP8底部带有散热片，需充分焊接到地散热管脚描述管脚号管脚名描述1TEMP电池温度检测输入2PROG可编程恒流充电电流设置端3GND地端4VCC电源端5BAT电池端6STDBY电池充电完成指示端7CHRG电池充电指示端8CE芯片使能输入端最大额定值(注)参数范围单位VCC端电压-0.3to6.5VPROG,BAT,CE,TEMP端电压-0.3to6.5VCHRG端电压-0.3to8VSTDBY端电压-0.3to8VBAT端电流1APROG端电流2mA最大功耗1500mW工作环境温度-40~85︒C最低/最高存储温度T stg-65to125︒C HE4056A1A线性锂离子电池充电器技术样品135-****9832ESD与Latch-up等级人体模型ESD级别4000V机器模型ESD级别400V Latch-up级别400mA结构框图HE4056A1A 线性锂离子电池充电器技术样品135-****9832电气特性(如果没有特殊说明，环境温度=25︒C，输入电压=5V)符号参数测试条件最小值典型值.最大值单位VCC输入电源电压4.06.5V ICC 输入电源电流充电模式(RPROG=12K)(1)240500uA 待机模式（充电终止）50100uA 停机模式(RPROG未连接，VCC＜VBAT,VCC＜VUVLO)3570uA VFLOAT 输出浮充电压0︒C≤T≤85︒C4.158 4.2 4.242V IBAT BAT端充电电流恒流模式，RPROG=2.4K 465500535mA 恒流模式，RPROG=1.2K 93010001070mA 待机模式，VBAT=4.2V 0-2.5-6uA 停机模式12uA 电池反接模式，VBAT=-4V 0.7mA 睡眠模式，VCC=0V01uA ITRIKL 涓流充电电流VBAT＜VTRIKL,RPROG=2.4K 405060mA VBAT＜VTRIKL,RPROG=1.2K 80100120mA VTRIKL 涓流充电门限电压VBAT上升 2.8 2.9 3.0V VTRHYS 涓流充电迟滞电压VBAT下降6080100mV VUVLO VCC欠压锁定电压VCC上升 3.7 3.8 3.93V VUVHYS VCC欠压锁定迟滞电压VCC下降150200300mV VMSD 手动关断阈值电压VPROG上升 1.15 1.21 1.30V VPROG下降0.9 1.0 1.1V VASD VCC -VBAT锁闭电压VCC上升70100140mV VCC下降53050mV ITERMC/10终止电流门限(2)RPROG=1.2K 0.0850.100.115mA/mA RPROG=2.4K0.0850.100.115mA/mA VPROG PROG引脚电压恒流模式，RPROG=1.2K 0.931.0 1.07V VCHRG CHRG端输出低电平ICHRG=5mA 0.350.6V VSTDBY STDBY端输出低电平ISTDBY=5mA0.350.6V VTEMP_H TEMP脚高端翻转电压8083%VCC VTEMP_L TEMP脚低端翻转电压4245%VCC ∆VRECHG 再充电电池门限电压VFLOAT-VRECHG 50100mV tRECHG 再充电延时时间VBAT由高到低0.8 1.84ms tTERM 充电终止延时时间IBAT降至ICHG/10以下0.63 1.43ms IPROG PROG端上拉电流 2.0uA VCEH CE端“高”电平 1.3V VCEL CE端“低”电平0.7V注释(1):这时处于充电状态，ICC=IVCC-IBATHE4056A1A 线性锂离子电池充电器I T R I K L (m A )I T R I K L (m A )I B A T (m A )I B A T (m A )典型性能曲线恒定电流模式下PROG引脚PROG引脚电压与温度的充电电流与PROG引脚电压的电压与电源电压的关系曲线关系曲线关系曲线稳定输出（浮充）电压与稳定输出（浮充）电压与稳定输出（浮充）电压与充电电流的关系曲线温度的关系曲线电源电压的关系曲线涓流充电电流与温度的涓流充电电流与电源电压的涓流充电门限电压与关系曲线关系曲线温度的关系曲线IBAT(mA)VCC=5V VBAT=4V RPROG=12KVCC=5V VBAT=4V RPROG=12KVCC=5VRPROG=2.4KVCC=5V RPROG=2.4KVCC=5V RPROG=12KRPROG=12KRPROG=1.2KRPROG=12KVCC=5VVBAT=2.5VRPROG=1.2KRPROG=12KVBAT=2.5V TEMP=25°C KVCC=5V RPROG=12KI B A T (m A)I T R I K L (m A )HE4056A1A 线性锂离子电池充电器典型性能曲线充电电流与电池电压的充电电流与电源电压的充电电流与环境温度的关系曲线关系曲线关系曲线再充电电池门限电压与温度的关系曲线VCC=5V RPROG=1.5KTA=0°CTA=25°CTA=50°CRPROG=1.2KRPROG=3KVBAT=4V TEMP=25°C KRPROG=1.2KRPROG=12KVCC=5V VBAT=4VVCC=5V RPROG=12KI B A T (m A )I B A T (m A )I B A T (m A )使用说明HE4056A 是一款专门为锂离子电池设计的线性充电器，利用芯片内部的功率MOSFET对电池进行恒流/恒压充电。

MAX774ISDN铃声电源供应器评估套件（EV套件）使用说明书

For free samples & the latest literature: , or phone 1-800-998-8800.For small orders, phone 408-737-7600 ext. 3468._______________General DescriptionThe MAX774 ISDN ring-tone power-supply (IRG) evalua-tion kit (EV kit) provides the high voltages required for implementing a plain old telephone system (POTS) inter-face on ISDN modems and line cards. It is a fully assem-bled and tested board that provides a tightly regulated, -24V output for powering off-hook voice communication and a -70V output for on-hook, ring-tone generation.The EV kit is designed for applications that implement the telephone interface using subscriber line interface circuit (SLIC) ICs, such as the AM79R79 from AMD and comparable products from Lucent, Harris, and other vendors. Its design feeds back the -24V output, achiev-ing tight regulation for clean voice-signal transmission.An economical, off-the-shelf, surface-mount transformer reduces system cost and size. Compact design con-serves board area. High efficiency and reduced quies-cent current make this design the optimal solution for green PC and portable designs.The MAX774 IRG EV kit can also be used to evaluate the MAX775/MAX776. It has a layout that allows modifi-cation for -48V output operation as well as adaptation____________________________Featureso +3V to +16.5V Operating Rangeo Tightly Regulated, -24V Output for Off-Hook Voice Communication o -70V Output Supports a Five-Ringer-Equivalent Load (V IN > 10.5V)o Compact Construction o Proven PC Board Design o Uses Off-the-Shelf Components o Up to 84% Efficiency o 5µA Shutdown Current o Fully Assembled and TestedEvaluates: MAX774/MAX775/MAX776MAX774 ISDN, Ring-Tone, Power-Supply Evaluation Kit________________________________________________________________Maxim Integrated Products119-1287; Rev 0; 9/97______________Ordering InformationE v a l u a t e s : M A X 774/M A X 775/M A X 776MAX774 ISDN, Ring-Tone,Power-Supply Evaluation Kit 2____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Quick Start The MAX774 IRG evaluation kit (EV kit) is fully assem-bled and tested. Follow these steps to verify board operation. Do not turn on the power supply until all connections are completed.1)Connect a 12V, 2A power-supply ground terminal to a GND pad on the MAX774 IRG EV kit. 2)Monitor the input current by connecting the power supply's positive terminal to the EV kit’s VIN input through a current meter. 3)Attach a voltmeter across the EV kit’s VIN and GND inputs to monitor input voltage.4)Connect voltmeters to each of the EV kit’s outputs labeled -70V and -24V.5)Connect the SHDN pad to GND.6)Turn on the power supply and slowly increase the voltage to 12V. 7)Monitor the outputs for correct voltage and check the input for typical supply current (20mA at 12V)._______________Detailed DescriptionThe MAX774 IRG EV kit provides the high voltages required for implementing a plain old telephone system (POTS) interface on ISDN modems and other telephone line cards. These boards typically employ ICs such as the AM79R79 Ringing Subscriber Line Interface Circuit (SLIC) from AMD. These ICs generate an analog tele-phone interface by providing both off-hook and on-hook signal transmission, ring-tone generation, and ring-trip detection. Ringing SLIC ICs typically require two high-voltage power-supply inputs. The first is atightly regulated voltage around -24V or -48V for off-hook signal transmission. The second is a loosely regu-lated -70V for ring-tone generation. Servicing a typical five-ringer equivalent load requires a current around 100mA or more from the -70V supply, depending on the SLIC IC and the ring-generation scheme.The MAX774 IRG EV kit can service a SLIC with a five-phone ringer equivalent load (approximately 9W) from a 12V ±10% input. It operates down to 3V, and pro-vides 2.4W from 3.3V and 3.9W from 5V. Use of an inexpensive off-the-shelf transformer, such as the Versa-Pac™ model VP2-0216, provides both high-volt-age outputs from a single inverting DC-DC controller,reducing board area and component costs. Selection of a transformer with multifilar winding enhances cross regulation by improving voltage coupling between the outputs and reducing spiking from leakage inductance.The two outputs are implemented by connecting three pairs of transformer windings in series. The -24V output is obtained by connecting a diode (D1) and output filter capacitor (C9) to the first pair of windings. Feeding back this output achieves tight regulation. The -70V output is derived from the third pair of windings. Loose regulation of this output is obtained by the turns ratio with the -24V output.Circuit OperationThe EV kit schematic (Figure 1) and the MAX774 block diagram in the MAX774/MAX775/MAX776 data sheet show how the circuit works. When the -24V output drops out of regulation, the error comparator in the MAX774 initiates a switching cycle. The P-channel MOSFET (P1) turns on, allowing current to ramp up through the transformer’s lower windings (between the 1/3 tap and ground) and store energy in a magnetic field. When the current through the sense resistor crosses the trip threshold (210mV / 68m Ω= 3.09A), the MOSFET turns off and interrupts the current flow, caus-ing the magnetic field in the transformer to collapse.The transformer forces current through the output diodes, transferring the stored energy to the output fil-ter capacitors. The output filter capacitors smooth the power and voltage delivered to the load. The MAX774waits until it senses the output dropping below the reg-ulation trip point before initiating another cycle. The -24V output is precisely regulated by connecting a volt-age divider, R1 and R2, as shown in Figure 1. The MAX774 regulates the FB pin, keeping it at 0V. The -70V output is regulated using the turns ratios between the -24V and -70V output.Versa-Pac is a trademark of Coiltronics Corp.Output Filter CapacitorsThe positive pin of the filter capacitor for the -70V out-put is connected to the -24V output rather than ground to simplify board layout, enhance stability, allow the use of a lower-cost lower-voltage capacitor, and improve cross-regulation. Ripple on the -24V output is about 200mV and can be reduced further using a capacitor with lower ESR. The Sanyo MV-GX series is recom-mended.__________Applications InformationThis section is intended to aid in transferring the EV kit design to a finished product.Transformer SelectionChoose a transformer with an inductance around 10µH to 15µH per winding, with a saturation-current rating greater than 3A. The MAX774 IRG EV kit uses Coiltronics’ Versa-Pac model VP2-0216. This economi-cal, off-the-shelf transformer uses two trifilar windings for superior coupling and improved regulation of the-70V output. Dale’s LPE6855-100MB and LPE6562-100MB also work, but have different footprints and pinouts and require almost double preloading.If lower output power is desired, increase the current-sense-resistor value and transformer inductance propor-tionally. For example, when reducing power capability to one-half of the current design, double the current-sense resistor to around 130m Ωand the transformer induc-tance per winding to around 20µH to 33µH.Cross RegulationThe -70V output is derived from the -24V output by stacking pairs of windings in an autotransformer config-uration. Cross regulation between the two outputs, how-ever, has limitations. In the on-hook and ringing case,when the -24V output is lightly loaded with the -70V out-put heavily loaded, the -70V output droops. In the off-hook case with the -24V output heavily loaded and the -70V output lightly loaded, the -70V output rises. These effects occur in all transformer-based flyback solutions when the outputs are dissimilarly loaded.Evaluates: MAX774/MAX775/MAX776MAX774 ISDN, Ring-Tone, Power-Supply Evaluation Kit_______________________________________________________________________________________3Figure 1. MAX774 IRG EV Kit SchematicE v a l u a t e s : M A X 774/M A X 775/M A X 776PreloadingUse preloading at the outputs to keep the -70V output in regulation. For designs servicing a five-ringer equiva-lent load, use the following preloads. For the off-hook case, only a couple hundred microamperes are neces-sary to hold down the -70V output. This can be achieved using either a 330k Ωresistor (R4, Figure 1) or zener diode (Figure 2b). For the on-hook case, draw approximately 5.5mA from the -24V output to hold up the -70V output. This 5.5mA can be drawn continuously using two 8.2k Ωresistors (R5 and R6), or intermittently using a transistor to gate the preload while the phone is ringing (Figure 2c). The transistor can be controlled using a microcontroller input/output line, or it can be decoded from the control signals of the AM79R79.To optimize performance or efficiency in applications servicing a different ringer-equivalent load, use the pre-loading curves for guidance (Figure 3 and 4). UseFigure 3 to determine the minimum preloading needed on the -24V output for adequate regulation of the -70V output while the SLIC IC is ringing phones (on-hook case). For example, approximately 50mA is required for a two-phone load. First, follow the vertical line from the -70V output axis up to curve A or B. Next, follow the hor-izontal lines to the corresponding point on the -24V Output Minimum Load axis, in this case 2.5mA using curve A. Preload the -24V output with this current using a resistor R = V / I or 24V / 2.5mA = 9.6k Ω. Round down to the nearest standard value (9.1k Ω). The power rating of the resistor must exceed V 2 / R = 24V 2 / 9.1k Ω=63mW.Use Figure 4 to determine the preloading needed to hold down the -70V output when the -24V output is heavily loaded during off-hook communication. This preloading is intended to protect the AM79R79. The VBAT1 pin of this SLIC IC has a -75V operational range and a -80V absolute maximum rating. If a zener diode is used for preloading, set the zener voltage rating suf-ficiently above the regulation set point to prevent unnecessary current draw.Efficiency, Quiescent Current,and PreloadingThe MAX774 is a pulse-frequency-modulation (PFM)controller designed primarily for use in portable appli-cations. It improves efficiency and reduces quiescent current by switching only as needed to service the load. Prior to preloading, this circuit’s efficiency can be up to 84%, and quiescent current is around 170µA.Resistor preloading reduces efficiency and increasesMAX774 ISDN, Ring-Tone,Power-Supply Evaluation Kit 4_______________________________________________________________________________________Figure 2. Fixed and Switchable Preloading SchemesFigure 3. Cross Regulation for -24V Output Preload Selection (on-hook case)quiescent current. Switchable preloading on the -24V output (Figure 2c), combined with zener clamping of the -70V output (Figure 2b) can be used to reduce cir-cuit current consumption.Current Limiting and Overload ProtectionNeither this EV kit nor competing solutions have a prac-tical level of current protection at the outputs. Use the current-limiting features built into the AM79R79 SLIC IC as described in the data sheet for that product. Using PolySwitch™ resettable fuses at the outputs adds pro-tection to the system at little expense (Figure 5). With a PolySwitch, use faster models such as the surface-mount SMD series.The MAX774 uses an internal current-sense compara-tor that provides pulse-by-pulse input current limiting.However, like competing flyback solutions, this trans-lates to power (and not current) limiting at the output.As the output voltage pulls down during overload, the output current can become high (essentially P IN(MAX)/V OUT ) until inefficiency and parasitic resistance in the circuit dominate. Since the circuit is designed for 9W (min) output to service a five-phone load, short-circuit currents can reach several amperes.Stability and Feedback CompensationThe MAX774 IRG EV kit has been compensated and tested for a full range of loads. When implementing the circuit, ensure stability by following the EV kit board and component list (see PC Board Layout section). Use NPO or COG ceramic capacitors for C1 and C2.Connect the ground terminal of the -70V filter capacitor to the -24V output rather than to ground. (This also improves transient response and simplifies layout.)The MAX774 uses a PFM control scheme that adjusts the pulse rate to regulate power and voltage to the load. Pulse spacing decreases with increasing load. As the pulses begin touching each other, the circuit transi-tions into continuous-conduction mode. Stable transi-tion into continuous conduction occurs through pulse grouping, with gaps less than two cycles wide between groups, and output ripple no larger than the single-cycle voltage ripple at light loads (Figure 6).Poor PC board layout or improper compensation can cause instability by corrupting the feedback signals.Instability is identified by either grouped pulses, large gaps between groups, or output ripple larger than the single-cycle voltage ripple (Figure 7). It can cause increased audio interference. Test for instability with aEvaluates: MAX774/MAX775/MAX776MAX774 ISDN, Ring-Tone, Power-Supply Evaluation Kit_______________________________________________________________________________________5Figure 4. Cross Regulation for -70V Output Preload Selection (off-hook case)Figure 5. Overload Protection Using Raychem PolySwitch Resettable FusesPolySwitch is a trademark of Raychem Corp.M A X 774I R G E V F I G 065µs/divV OUT1 = -23.6V, V OUT2 = -70V, I OUT2 = -30mA, V IN = 9VA: MOSFET DRAIN, 20V/divB: V OUT1, 100mV/div, AC COUPLED C: TRANSFORMER CURRENT, 1A/divFigure 6. Normal Light-Load Switching WaveformsE v a l u a t e s : M A X 774/M A X 775/M A X 7769V input by applying a 5mA to 10mA load on the -24V output and then sweeping the -70V output to full-load. If instability occurs due to errors in the design if a pro-duction board, try removing C7 and C8.If the feedback resistors are changed, adjust the com-pensation capacitors. In general, M x C1 x R1 = C2 x R2with C2 around 1nF provides the best results, where M ranges from 0.5 to 1.PC Board LayoutUse of the tested PC board design is strongly recom-mended. Components can be placed closer together to conserve space. Observe the following guidelines in PC board design:1)Place the current-sense resistor (R3) within 0.2in.(5mm) of the MAX774, directly between the V+ and CS pins. The V+ and reference-bypass capacitors (C3 and C4) must be placed as close as possible to their respective pins. Figure 8 shows the recom-mended layout and routing for these components. 2)Place the voltage-feedback resistors (R1 and R2)and compensation capacitors (C1 and C2) within 0.2in. (5mm) of the MAX774’s FB pin. Keep high-current traces and noisy signals, such as EXT, away from FB. On multilayer boards, if inner ground or power planes are thinly separated from the top-side copper, use small cutouts in the ground plane under the FB node to reduce stray capacitance and capacitive coupling. 3)Make high-power traces, highlighted in the EV kit schematic (Figure 1), as short and as wide as possi-ble. Make the supply-current loop (formed by C5,C6, R3, P1, and L1) and output current loops (L1,D1, and C9 for the -24V output; L1, D2, C9, and C10for the -70V output) as tight as possible to reduce radiated noise. 4)Route transformer L1’s ground pins (C5, C6, and C10) to a common ground point in a star ground configuration using top-side copper fill as a pseudo-ground plane. On multilayer boards, use the star ground as described, and connect it to the inner ground plane using vias. Build up separate star grounds for the power components and controller IC (Figure 9), and then couple them together through the back side of the board using several vias.5)For reduced noise and improved heat dissipation,keep the extra copper on the PC board’s compo-nent and solder sides, rather than etching it away,and connect it to ground for use as a pseudo-ground plane.DC-DC Converter Placementand Audio InterferencePrevent interference through careful board and system design. Place the DC-DC converter and high-speed CMOS logic on a corner of the PC board, away from sensitive analog circuitry such as audio-signal pream-plifier stages (Figure 10). In very compact designs, use localized shielding around sensitive analog stages. Use a separate ground plane for analog circuitry. Where necessary, reduce supply ripple to sensitive analog stages by using LC Pi filters or specialized, low-dropout linear regulators. Tiny, inexpensive linear regulators,such as the SOT23 MAX8863 and µMAX MAX8865, are designed specifically for this purpose. These solutions are commonly used in cellular phones and other portable communications devices.MAX774 ISDN, Ring-Tone,Power-Supply Evaluation Kit 6_______________________________________________________________________________________M A X 774I R G E V F I G 07250µs/divV OUT1 = -23.6V, V OUT2 = -70V, I OUT2 = -30mA, V IN = 9V A: MOSFET DRAIN, 20V/divB: V OUT1, 100mV/div, AC COUPLED C: TRANSFORMER CURRENT, 1A/divC2 REMOVEDFigure 7. Unstable Switching Waveforms from Improper Compensation or Board DesignFigure 8. Recommended Placement and Routing of R3, C3,and C4Modification for -48V and -70V OutputsThe MAX774 IRG EV kit board design allows leeway for adapting the circuit for -48V and -70V outputs. Perform the following steps for implementation:1)Cut the trace from the transformer’s 1/3 tap to theoutput diode, and then solder a wire jumper from the transformer’s 2/3 tap to the diode (D2) (Figure 11).2)Swap output filter capacitors C9 with C10. Be sure toconnect them with the correct polarity. This exchange ensures that the output filter capacitors have voltage ratings exceeding their respective outputs.3)Replace voltage-feedback resistor R2 with a 31.6k Ωresistor.4)Replace compensation capacitor C1 with a 330pFceramic capacitor.5)Change R5 and R6 to 16k Ωresistors.Evaluates: MAX774/MAX775/MAX776MAX774 ISDN, Ring-Tone, Power-Supply Evaluation Kit_______________________________________________________________________________________7SWITCHING DC-DCCONVERTERSSHIELDING (IF NEEDED)DIGITAL LOGIC= LC Pi FILTERS OR LDO LINEAR REGULATORFigure 10. Place the DC-DC converter and CMOS logic away from sensitive analog circuitry.PLACE POWER COMPONENTS CLOSE TOGETHER;MAKE POWER TRACES SHORT AND WIDE.LEAVE THE EXTRA FRONT- AND BACK-SIDE COPPER ON THE BOARD AS A PSEUDO-GROUND PLANE.PLACE GROUND PINS OF POWER COMPONENTS CLOSE TOGETHER AND ORIENT TO CONVERGE, FORMING A STAR GROUND.PLACE VOLTAGE-FEEDBACK COMPONENTS AS CLOSE TO THE FB PIN AS POSSIBLE.PLACE BYPASS CAPACITORS CLOSE TO THE REF AND V+ PINS; ORIENT AS SHOWN.TIE THE IC GROUND AND POWER STAR GROUND TOGETHER USING VIAS AND A WIDE BACK-SIDE GROUND TRACE. ON MULTILAYER BOARDS, TIE INTERIOR GROUND PLANES TO THE POWER STAR GROUND.PLACE CURRENT-SENSE RESISTOR R3 WITHIN 0.2IN. OF CS AND V+ PINS.Figure 9. Key Layout FeaturesE v a l u a t e s : M A X 774/M A X 775/M A X 776MAX774 ISDN, Ring-Tone, Power-Supply Evaluation Kit Maxim cannot assume responsibility for use of any circuitry other than circuitry entirely embodied in a Maxim product. No circuit patent licenses are implied. Maxim reserves the right to change the circuitry and specifications without notice at any time.8_____________________Maxim Integrated Products, 120 San Gabriel Drive, Sunnyvale, CA 94086 408-737-7600©1997 Maxim Integrated ProductsPrinted USAis a registered trademark of Maxim Integrated Products.Modification for European ApplicationsApplications targeted for Europe may require a lower voltage on the -70V output to meet European safety regulations. In such cases, modify the circuit for -48V and -70V outputs as described previously, then change the feedback resistor R2 to reduce output voltages to -43V and -65V. Add a clamping zener to preload the high-voltage output. Since the MAX774 regulates the FB pin to 0V, R2 will be:R2 = (V REF / V OUT ) x R1where V REF = 1.5V.Adjust C1 so that R1C1 = R2C2. Verify correct com-pensation by examining stability over all loading combi-nations, especially with the -43V output lightly loaded and the -65V output moderately and heavily loaded.Suggested values are R1 = 1M Ω, C1 = 330pF, R2 =34.8k Ω, C2 = 1000pF.RECONNECT TRACE HERECUT TRACE HEREFigure 11. PC Board Changes for -48V and -70V OperationFigure 12. MAX774 IRG EV Kit Component Placement Guide (Top Silkscreen)Figure 13. MAX774 IRG EV Kit PC Board Layout—Component SideFigure 14. MAX774 IRG EV Kit PC Board Layout—Solder Side1.0"1.0" 1.0"。

镍氢电池充电器资料

镍氢电池充电器资料（根据网络资料汇编）目录镍镉/镍氢充电电池的充电详细解释 (2)充电器深入分析 (4)一个优秀的镍氢镍镉充电器应该具备的条件 (7)NI‐MH电池充电后期的副反应阶段 (8)松下BQ830问题充电器的分析 (9)松下BQ‐830智能快速充电器测试报告 (10)松下BQ‐830充电器的改造:（网络上方法） (14)基准电压改造： (14)减小电流改造： (15)修改采样电阻： (19)修改热敏电阻： (20)增加指示灯： (20)三洋SANYO NC‐MQNO4C 充电器拆解及赏析 (22)sanyo三洋 NC‐MQS01 洋垃圾拆解内部 (26)品胜快智充拆解评测 (37)充电器与电池之使用 (42)用什么充电器好+判断你的充电器类型 (43)2款充电器的对比 (44)极速充电器首选 SONY智能充电器 (53)DIY—自制高性能充电器 (55)17款智能充电器的优缺点比较 (58)关于充电器的推荐，我的建议：SONY BC‐CS2A (60)充电电池大伙都在用吧？来谈谈充电器吧 (61)镍镉/镍氢充电电池的充电详细解释充电是将充电电池恢复其原始容量的过程,为使电池达到长期使用的目的,必须通过适当的充电方法充电。

(1)快充电流： 1CmA(快充温度范围：0℃~40℃(32°F——104°F )．为了适当的控制快充，建议以0.5CmA~1CmA充电，超过1CmA充电可能会造成电池内压过高从而使电池安全阀开启，从而造成电池漏液．在开始充电时，当NTC(负温度系数热敏电阻)或其它温度检测元件检测电池温度低于0℃(32°F)或高于40℃(104°F)时，应进行涓流充电而不是快充．当以下所述(4)、(5)、(6), 及(11)达到预计标准时，停止充电.建议至少采取（5）（6）（7）中二项进行控制。

(2) 对于已过放电或深放电的电池，如果直接用大电流充电无法恢复电池的容量，需要先以小电流充电，等电压升高后再进行快充。

锂离子电池的全新电池充电解决方案

过去数年，高效率、轻巧、快速充电、安全且符合成本效益的可携式电源需求逐渐升高，因此业界陆续开发多种新式电池技术，包括镍金属氢化物(NiMH)、可充电式硷性、锂离子(Li-ion)、和锂聚合物(Li-poly) 电池等。

一般来说，这些新的电池化学机制需要更精细的充电和保护电路，才能达到最大效能并确保安全性。

幸好，业界也同样开发出先进的半导体元件，能对这些电池进行充电和保护。

本文将探索这些新式电池技术的效能和限制，也将探讨并介绍一些半导体供应商针对锂离子电池所推出的新式充电解决方案，例如Maxim Integrated, Linear Technology 和Texas Instruments。

电池技术在可携式电子设备领域中，近几年出现了一些崭新的可充电式电池化学机制，足以和长久以来受到爱用的镍镉(NiCd) 技术竞争。

因为镍镉技术具有低阻抗的特性，可在短时间内达到高电流，因此NiCd 技术依然在动力工具等应用中受到欢迎。

然而，智慧型手机、平板装置与数位相机等现代可携式应用的设计人员，目前皆追求比NiCd 具有更高容量且更低放电率的电池。

此外，这些应用皆需要能快速充电且轻质的电池。

符合这些需求的电池技术包括镍金属氢化物(NiMH)、锂离子(Li-ion) 和锂聚合物(Li-poly) 电池。

NiMH 电池具有更大容量和更快的充电速度，但却具有NiCd 两倍高的自放电率，相对来说是较高的比率（表1）。

电池重要参数表1：不同化学类型的电池重要参数（资料来源：Maxim Integrated）诚如Maxim Integrated 的AN676 应用说明所述1，锂离子和锂聚合物电池在可携式产品中受到欢迎，因其具有比NiCd 和NiMH 电池高出许多的容量和低许多的放电率。

此外，应用说明中也指出锂离子电池的重量减轻许多。

因此，与NiMH 相比，锂离子电池的每单位质量能提供几乎两倍的容量。

然而，锂离子电池亦具有几项限制。

充电器产品规格书

2A旅充产品规格书一、前言本规格书描述手机USB充电器的电气特性及使用环境要求等方面的规格说明。

二、产品特点1、本USB充电器连接手机后可对手机电池进行充电；2、恒压小电流充电模式，电池电压充满自动关断，将提高电池的使用寿命；3、全电压输入，全球适用。

三、电气参数1、输入：90-250V AC，50/60Hz 80mA；2、输出：5VDC 500MA，最大2A;3、空载功耗:0.2W MAX；4、充电满载功耗：5W MAX；5、电池充饱率：≥90%。

四、环境条件1、使用环境：温度：0-40℃湿度：≤95％；2、存储环境：温度: -25～+60℃湿度：≤85％；3、工作时本体温度：充电时壳体表面温度≤50℃，电池表面温度≤45℃。

五、安全规格符合安全标准。

六、可靠性能参数1.输入特性 (3)1.1额定输入电压 (3)1.2输入电压范围 (3)1.3输入频率 (3)1.4输入频率范围 (3)1.AC输入电流 (3)1.6峰值输入电流 (3)1.7效率 (3)2.输出特性 (3)2.1输出额定电压 (3)2.2输出电压 (3)2.3额定输出电流 (4)2.4额定功率 (4)2.5 LED 指示功能) (4)2.6充电器输出电压/电流特性图..........................2.7输出纹波、噪音 (4)2.8输出电流纹波、噪音 (4)2.9启动延时 (4)2.10关断时延 (4)2.11过冲 (4)2.12电流倒灌 (4)2.13保护 (4)2.13.1过压保护 (4)2.13.2过流保护........................................................................ .............. (4)2.13.3短路保护........................................................................ ......... .. (4)3.信赖性项目 (4)3.1静电 (4)3.2高压测试 (4)3.3绝缘电阻 (4)3.4泄漏电流 (4)3.5温升 (4)3.6连续工作时间 (5)3.7平均无故障时间............................................................................... . (5)3.8 EMI标准..................................................................................................5.4.环境要求 (5)4.1工作温度 (5)4.2储藏温度 (5)4.3工作湿度 (5)4.4储藏湿度 (5)5.机械要求 (5)5.1尺寸 (5)5.2重量 (5)5.3USB 接口类型 (5)5.4跌落试验 (5)5.5振动试验 (5)5.6插拔实验 (5)6.机械性能 (6)6.1外观 (5)6.2外壳材质 (6)7.环境性能 (5)7.1低温工作实验 (5)7.2高温工作实验 (6)7.3低温存储 (6)7.4高温存储 (6)7.5恒温恒湿工作) (6)1.输入特性1.1额定输入电压额定输入交流100V~240V。

MAX846A

MAX846A 芯片的简单介绍1.MAX846A 的引脚功能Maxim 公司生产的MAX846A 是一种低成本、多功能的电池充电控制器，采用16引脚的QSOP 封装形式，可以单独构成锂离子电池充电器，也可以在单片机的控制下对锂离子电池、镍氢电池、镍镉电池进行充电。

MAX846A 的引脚排列如图4-1所示，主要引脚功能如下：① DCIN ：外部直流电源输出端，3.7～20V 。

② VL ：3.3V 、20mA 、1％线形调节器输出端。

③ CC1：电流调节环补偿端。

④ CCV ：电压调节环补偿端。

⑤ VSET ：悬浮电压参考调整输入端。

⑥ ISET ：电流设置输入及监控端。

⑦ OFFV ：电压调节环禁止端。

⑧ CELL2：编程充电电源数目端。

⑨ BATT ：电池输入端。

⑩ CS ＋：电流源放大器高压输入端。

○11 CS －：电流源放大器低压输入端。

○12 DRV ：外接三极管基准门控输入端。

2.MAX846A 的内部结构 MAX846A 多功能电池充电控制器由3.3V 高精度、低压差线性稳压电源以及高精度电压基准源、电压电流调节器三部分构成。

线性稳压电源输出电压V L 为基准电压的两倍，可为外部负载提供20mA 的电流。

低压差稳压电源有短路保护功能，PWROK(Power-OK)为微控制器提供复位信号并可控制锂离子电池的充电电流。

高精度电压基准源为锂离子电池提供精确的浮充电压，它与一个精度为2%的20k 电阻相连接，使浮充电压可以通过一外部电阻进行设置。

外部电阻应具有1%的精度，因为外部电阻直接影响浮充电压的精度，而浮充电压的精度直接对锂离子电池的寿命及容量产生影响。

电压电流调节器由高精度衰减器、电压环路、电流环路和电流检测放大器组成。

通过对衰减器的设置使输出电压稳定在一节锂离子电池电压(对应电压为4.2V)或两节锂离子电池电压(对应电压为8.4V)的水平。

电流检测放大器用于检测锂离子电池的高端电流，它实际上是一个跨导放大器，可将外部限流电阻R CS 两端的电压转换成电流，并将此电流作用于外部负载电阻R ISET 。

[训练]锂电池充电电路图

［训练］锂电池充电电路图锂电池充电电路图锂电池是继«镉、«氢电池之后，可充电电池家族中的佼佼者（锂离子电池以其优良的特性，被广泛应用于：手机、摄录像机、笔记本电脑、无绳电话、电动工具、遥控或电动玩具、照相机等便携式电子设备中。

一.锂电池与银镉、银氢可充电池:锂离子电池的负极为石墨晶体，正极通常为二氧化锂。

充电时锂离子山正极向负极运动而嵌入石墨层中。

放电时，锂离子从石墨晶体内负极表面脱离移向正极。

所以，在该电池充放电过程中锂总是以锂离子形态出现，而不是以金属锂的形态出现。

因而这种电池叫做锂离子电池，简称锂电池。

锂电池具有:体积小、容量大、墜量轻、无污染、单节电压髙、自放电率低、电池循环次数多等优点，但价格较贵。

银镉电池因容量低，自放电严重，且对环境有污染，正逐步被淘汰。

银氢电池具有较高的性能价格比，且不污染环境，但单体电圧只有1. 2V,因而在使用范S上受到限制。

二.锂电池的特点:1、具有更高的重量能量比、体积能量比;2、电压高，单节锂电池电压为3.6V,等于3只银镉或银氢充电电池的审联电压；3、自放电小可长时间存放，这是该电池最突出的优越性;4、无记忆效应。

锂电池不存在«镉电池的所谓记忆效应，所以锂电池充电前无需放电;5、寿命长。

正常工作条件下，锂电池充/放电循环次数远大于500次；6、可以快速充电。

锂电池通常可以采用0.5,1倍容量的电流充电，使充电时间缩短至1,2小时;7、可以随总并联使用;8、山于电池中不含镉、铅、汞等重金属元素，对环境无污染，是当代最先进的绿色电池;9、成本高。

与其它可充电池相比，锂电池价格较贵。

三、锂电池的内部结构：锂电池通常有两种外型:圆柱型和长方型。

电池内部采用螺旋绕制结构，用一种非常精细而渗透性很强的聚乙烯薄膜隔离材料在正.负极间间隔而成。

正极包括山锂和二氧化钻组成的锂离子收集极及山铝薄膜组成的电流收集极。

负极山片状碳材料组成的锂离子收集极和铜薄膜组成的电流收集极组成。

基于单片机的锂离子电池充电系统设计方案

济南大学泉城学院毕业设计方案题目基于单片机的锂离子电池充电系统设计专业电气工程及其自动化班级1301班学生姚良洁学号2013010873指导教师张兴达魏志轩二〇一七年四月十日学院工学院专业电气工程及其自动化学生姚良洁学号2013010873设计题目基于单片机的锂离子电池充电系统设计一、选题背景与意义1。

国内外研究现状自90年代以来，中国正日趋成为世界上最大的电池生产国和最大的电池消耗国。

随着科技的发展，人们对身边电子产品的数字化、自动化和效率的要求越来越高。

便携式电池成为用户的首选,随着各式各样的电池出现，用户在选用电池时，在考虑到电池的环保、性价比的同时,更加注重电池的便携性。

正因为锂离子电池具有高的体积比能量和环保性能，符合当前世界电池技术的发展趋势,逐渐成为市场的主流[1]。

我国锂电池行业的年增长率已超过20％,2016年电池总体需求量达到50亿块左右。

可见，在当前和今后相当一段时间，锂电池将成为我国电池工业的龙头。

虽然我国已是仅次于日本的锂离子电池生产大国,市场增长空间巨大，但并非强国,在全球锂离子电池产业仍处于低端。

随着手机用户的日益增多，如何保养手机也成为了众多手机使用者面临的一个实际问题，而手机电池作为手机的一个重要组成部分，直接影响了使用寿命和性能.智能手机的屏幕越来越大，功能越来越多，现有的锂离子电池产品越来越难以满足需求，选择合适的充电器，可以延长我们的手机锂离子电池的使用寿命。

现阶段消费者除了通过原厂配备的充电器给便携式设备充电之外，普遍采用的是通过移动电源来补充电池的电量。

根据日本矢野经济研究所的预测,锂离子电池正以53.33％的年增长率快速取代传统的镍铬镍氢电池市场。

目前国内移动电源市场上主要的品牌有小米、爱国者、品胜、华为等，国外市场比较知名的品牌有BOOSTCASE、MALA 等。

移动电源市场在近几年得到了很大的发展，市场中出现了各式各样的品牌。

与此同时，在移动电源产品中也存在很多需要解决的问题.比如:自身充电所需时间过长,USB输出电压不稳定,电能转化效率不高，输出保护较为单一,输出大电流时散热性能不好等。

1A电流线性充电AP5057 (4056的升级)

Itrikl Vtrikl Vtrhys Vuv Vuvhys Vasd
Iterm Vprog Vchrg Vstdby
充电模式, RPROG =10K 待机模式
停机模式(RPROG 未连接,Vcc<Vbat or Vcc<Vuv) 0°C≤TA≤85°C, IBAT = 40mA
RPROG =2k,电流模式 RPROG =1k,电流模式待机模式,Vbat=4.2V
CHRG (引脚7): 漏极开路输出的充电状态指示端。当电池充电时, CHRG引脚通过内部N沟道MOSFET被拉低，表示充电正在进行，否则CHRG处于高阻态。
CE (引脚8):芯片使能输入端高输入电平使AP5057在正常工作状态。低输入电平使AP5057 处于禁止充电状态。CE 引脚可以被TTL电平或者CMOS电平驱动。
适用于 USB 的供电规格。基于内部 MOSFET 结构，
性充电器
不需要外部感应电阻和隔离二极管，当外部环境温度过高或在大功率工作时，热反馈可以调节充电电流以降低芯片温度。充电电压被固定在 4.2V，充电电流可通过外部电阻设置。当充电电流在达到最终
z 恒定电流/恒定电压操作，并具有可在无过热危
典型值
350 150
最大值 6.5 2000 500
单位
V uA uA
50 100 uA
4.177 450 900 0
80 2.78 118 3.65 150 50
5 0.085 0.085 0.93
500 1000 -2.5 1 0.3 100 2.9 135 3.8 200 100 40 0.1 0.1 1.0 0.68 0.68
4.263 550 1100 -6 2.5 2.5 120 3.0 152 3.9 300 140 50 0.115 0.115 1.07 0.75 0.75

深圳市英锐芯电子科技有限公司950mA线性锂离子电池充电器AD4056数据手册说明书

950mA线性锂离子电池充电器AD4056 AD4056简介数据手册版本V1.0950mA线性锂离子电池充电器AD4056芯片功能说明：实物图：ØAD4056是一款完整的单节锂离子电池采用恒定电流/恒定电压线性充电器。

其底部带有散热片的SOP8封装与较小的外部元件数目使得AD4056成为便携式应用的理想选择。

AD4056可以适合USB电源和适配器电源工作。

Ø采用了内部PMOSFET架构，加上防倒充电路，所以不需要外部隔离二极管。

热反馈可对充电电流进行自动调节，以便在大功率操作或高环境温度条件下对芯片温度加以限制。

充电电压固定与4.2V，而充电电流可通过一个电阻器进行外部设置。

当充电电流在达到最终浮充电压之后降至设定值1/10时，AD4056将自动终止充电循环。

Ø当输入电压（交流适配器或USB电源）被拿掉时，AD4056自动进入一个低电流状态，将电池漏电流降至2uA以下。

AD4056在有电源时也可至于停机模式，已而将供电电流降至55uA。

AD4056的其他特点包括电池温度检测、欠压闭锁、自动再充电和两个用于指示充电结束的LED状态引脚。

芯片功能主要特性：Ø高达950mA的可编程充电电流Ø无需MOSFET、检测电阻器或隔离二极管Ø用于单节锂离子电池、采用ESOP-8封装的完成线性充电器Ø恒定电流/恒定电压操作，并具有可在无过热危险的情况下实现充电速率最大化的热调节功能Ø精度达到±1%的4.2V预设充电电压Ø用于电池电量检测的充电电流监控器输出Ø自动再充电ØC/10充电终止,灯全灭Ø 2.9V涓流充电器件版本Ø软启动限制了浪涌电流Ø电池温度检测功能Ø待机模式下的供电电流为55uA 芯片基本应用：Ø移动电话PDAØMP3、MP4播放器Ø数码相机Ø电子词典ØGPSØ便携式设备、各种充电器完整的充电循环（1180mAh电池）：950mA 线性锂离子电池充电器AD4056结构框图绝对最大额定值Ø输入电源电压（V CC ）：-0.3~5.5V ØPROG ：-0.3~V CC +0.3V ØBAT ：-0.3~5VØ——————CHRG ：-0.3~5V Ø————————STDBY ：-0.3~5VØTEMP ：-0.3~5VØCE ：-0.3~5VØBAT 短路持续时间：无短路保护ØBAT 引脚电流：950mA ØPROG 引脚电流：1200uA Ø最大结温：145℃Ø工作环境温度范围：-40℃~85℃Ø贮存温度范围：-65℃~125℃Ø引脚温度（焊接时间10秒）：260℃电话：*************82568883邮箱：**********************深圳市英锐芯电子科技有限公司950mA线性锂离子电池充电器AD4056电特性：凡表注●表示该指标适合整个工作温度范围，否则仅指T A=25℃.V CC=5V,除非特别注明。

AD846资料

One Technology Way, P.O. Box 9106, Norwood, MA 02062-9106, U.S.A. Tel: 781/329-4700 World Wide Web Site: Fax: 781/326-8703 © Analog Devices, Inc., 2000
PRODUCT HIGHLIGHTS
1. The AD846 achieves settling times of 110 ns to 0.01% for gains of –1 to –10, with a 450 V/µs slew rate, while consuming only 5 mA of supply current. 2. For closed-loop gains of –1 to –100, the high speed performance of the AD846 is achieved without sacrificing full 12-bit dc precision. 3. The AD846 is well suited to line driver and video buffer applications where the properties of low distortion and high slew rate are required.
450 V/␮s, Precision, Current-Feedback Op Amp AD846
CONNECTION DIAGRAMS Plastic Mini-DIP (N) Package and Cerdip (Q) Package
SOIC (R) Package
NC 1 NC 2 –INPUT 3 NC 4 +INPUT 5 NC 6 – +

充电器 6040 9641 LI 2.7A 使用手册说明书

281220079641 LI Max. 2,7ACHARGERS FOR LI-ION BATTERIES• 3-trinns ladekontroll med timer • Switch mode plugg-inn lader • Opplading av 2-8 battericeller• Polvendingssikker• Medisinsk sertifisert (EN 60601)• 120V UL godkjent versjon tilgjengelig • Utskiftbare DC plugger • Tilpasninger leveres på forespørsel• 3-step charge control with timer • Switch mode plug-in charger • Charges 2-8 battery cells • Protected against reversed polarity • Medically certified (EN 60601)• 120V UL approved version available • Exchangeable DC plugs • Custom specifications on requestCeller CellsNom. Batterispenning Nom. Battery voltage (V)Ladespenning Charge Voltage (V)Ladestrøm Charge Current (A)23456787,210,814,418,021,625,228,88,412,616,821,025,229,433,62,72,72,41,51,51,51,3Versjoner - VersionsTekniske dataTechnical specifications Inngangsspenning:Input voltage: 190 - 264 VAC Maks. utgangseffekt:Max. Output power: 45 W Svitsjefrekvens ca.Switch frequency, approx. 45 kHz Strømtrekk fra batteri ved frakoblet nett:Leakage current with mains disconnected: < 100 uA Temperaturområde:Temperature range: -10 - +40 °C Rippel:Ripple: < 20 mV p-p Virkningsgrad (ved 100% last):Efficiency (at 100%load): > 81% Isolasjonsklasse:Insulation class: II Elektrisk sikkerhet:Electrical safety: EN 60601-1,EN 60950EN 60335-2-29, UL-2601-1EMC standarderEMC standards. • Medisinsk:• Medical: EN 60601-1-2 • Emisjon:• Emission: EN 61000-6-3 • Immunitet:• Immunity: EN 61000-6-1IndikasjonIndication • Orange (konst. strøm, hurtig)• Orange (constant current, boost) • Gul (konst. spenning, timer)• Yellow (constant voltage, timer) • Grønn (ladestopp)• Green (charge termination) Timer:Timer: 4h ± 25%(also available with other values)Utgangsterminaler:Output terminals: Batt.klemmer, kontakter, DC pluggbatt.clips, push-on, DC conn Mål (LxBxH):Dimensions (LxWxH): 100 x 51 x 63mm Vekt: Weight: 250g MEDICAL。