Unit 22 A world of fun

Unit 22 A world of funUnit 22 A world of fun 【常用单词积累】 amusement, scream, roller coaster, scary, theme, create, attract, exchange, ride, statue, opportunity, base on, explore, lie, jade, ready, landing, cool, get started, description, focus on 【常用句子分析】 1．Have you ever been to an amusement park? 2．What do you think you can see in a theme park? 3．A theme park is a collection of rides, exhibitions and other attractions that are based on a common theme． 4．At the China Ethnic Culture Park, people can learn about the customs, costumes, and culture of China's 55 minorities． 5．More than 50,000 students visit the park every year, and the park has a conservation centre, an institution that helps protect marine animals and their habitats in the rivers and coastal waters of Asia． 6．At the Lowland, they can explore the past at the discovery of the Ancient World and examine giant footprints at the dinosaur exhibition． 7．Entering one of the attractions at Universal Studios is like stepping into the world of your favourite film． 8．The parks are becoming more advanced and new technology allows us to experience almost anything without actually being in danger or risking injury． 9．So if you want to know what it feels like to fall through the air, take off in a rocket, fly a helicopter, walk next to a lion, or fight alien creatures in outer space, visit one of the theme parks in your area． 10．If you could visit one of the theme parks mentioned in the text, which one would you choose and why? 11．Your idea should include a variety of attractions and activities． 12．Some roller coasters even let you race against your frtends：two tracks are next to each other and you fly through the air just metres away from your friends．【单元口语交际】 1．Excuse me，can you tell me where the roller coaster is? 2．Go straight down this road，then turn left at the crossing． 3．Got it! 4．You’re welcome! 【重点难点解析】动词-ing形式用作状语．【阅读分析点拨】独立主格结构．课文理解【常用单词积累】 1．amusement 用作名词，意思是“娱乐”，amusement park意思是“游乐场”，美式英语中用fun fair表示． e．g．I only do it for amusement．我只不过是做着玩而已． 2．scream 用作动词，意思是“(因恐怖，病重等原因而)尖叫”． e．g．She screamed for help．她尖叫救命． 3．roller coaster 意思是“(公园中供游玩的)滑行轨道，过山车等”，如旱冰鞋可用roller skate表示． 4．scary 用作形容词，意思是“引起恐慌的(常用于口语中)”． e．g．Grandpa told me a scary ghost story．爷爷给我讲了一个吓人的鬼故事． 5．theme 用作名词，意思是“主题，题目”．文中theme park意思是“专题乐园(有专题活动的公园)”． e．g．The theme of our discussion was Europe in the 1980s’．我们讨论的题目是“八十年代的欧洲”． 6．create 用作及物动词，意思是“创造，创建”；形容词形式是creative，意思是“创造的，有创造力的”． e．g．God created the world．上帝创造了世界．She’s very creative；she writes and paints．她很有创造力，既从事写作又从事绘画． 7．attract 用作及物动词，意思是“吸引，招引”．名词形式是attraction． e．g．Her attention was attracted by his smile．她的注意力被他的微笑吸引住了．The city’s bright light，theatres，movies，etc，are great attractions．城里明亮的灯，戏院，电影等有巨大的吸引力． 8．exchange 用作动词，意思是“交易，交换”． e．g．John exchanged hats with Peter．约翰和彼得交换帽子． Where can I exchange my dollars for lira? 我可以在哪儿把美元换成里拉? 9．ride (1)用作名词，意思是“(骑马或坐车)旅游，游玩”． e．g．Shall we go for a ride in the car? 我们开车去转一圈吧? (2)用作动词，意思是“骑(马或其他动物、自行车或摩托车)”． e．g．Can you ride a bicycle? 你能骑自行车吗? 10．statue 用作名词，意思是“雕像，塑像”． e．g．This is just the statue of Liberty．这就是自由女神像． 11．opportunity用作名词，意思是“机会，良机”． e．g．at／on the first opportunity．．．一有机会(就……) have no (little，not much) opportunity for doing (to do)sth．没有(很少有，有不多的)机会做某事 [辨析] opportunity，chance 当表示有机会做某事时，这两个词的用法相同，后面可接to do或of doing．chance后面可接从句，opportunity则不能．opportunity强调机会是很恰当的，chance强调偶然性． e．g．I had no chance／opportunity of visiting Beijing．我没有机会去参观北京． There is a chance that he will succeed．他有可能成功． 12．base on 意思是“以某事物为另一事物的根据，证据等”． e．g．I base my hope on the good news we had yesterday．我把希望寄托在我们昨天得到的好消息上． 13．explore 用作动词，意思是“探索，探查，探险”． e．g．We must explore all the possibilities．我们必须探索所有的可能性． 14．lie 用作不及物动词，意思是“位于，在……位置”．是一个不规则动词，一般过去式是lay，过去分词是lain． [辨析] lie in，lie on，lie to lie in指“位于一个范围之内”． lie on指“与……相邻，紧挨着”． lie to指“不接壤，隔……相望”． e．g．China lies in the east of Asia．中国位于亚洲东部． India lies on the southwest of China．印度位于中国西南部． Japan lies to the east of China．日本在中国以东． 15．jade 用作名词，在文中意思是“玉，翡翠”． e．g．I have a pretty jade vase．我有一个精致的翡翠花瓶． 16．ready 用作形容词，意思是“有准备的，做好准备的”，也常用作“甘心的，情愿的”意思． e．g．Be ready to start! 准备出发! Are you ready for the journey? 你准备好去旅行吗? I’m always ready to accept your offer．我什么时候都乐意接受你的建议． 17．landing 用作名词，意思是“上岸，登陆，着陆，降落”．反义词是“起飞”，即take off． e．g．This is a successful landing．这是一次成功地降落． 18．cool 在文中用作形容词，美国俚语中为“令人愉快的，棒的”之意．如：cool name很酷的名字(表示“时尚，特别”)． e．g．Her guy is real cool．她的男朋友真帅． 19．getstarted (1)意思是“使……开始”，get+过去分词，构成被动式，着重于动作，意为“被，受”． e．g．get slapped挨打 get dismissed 被开除 get hurt受伤 (2)get+名(代)词+宾语补语，(宾语补语可用形容词、副词、不定式、过去分词等)． e．g．Tom got his feet wet．汤姆把脚弄湿了．Your can’t get your luggage in．你不能把包裹带进来． I call not get him to confess．我不能说服他坦白出来． I must get my hair cut．我的头发要剪了． 20．description 用作名词，意思是“描写，描绘，说明书”等，动词形式是describe． e．g．give a description of．．．描述一下 beyond description难以形容 Words can not describe my joy．言语不能形容我的快乐． 21．focus on 意思是“集中(于某事物)”． focus one's attention／thoughts on sth．集中注意力(思想)于某事e．g．I’m so tired that I can’t focus on anything today．今天我太忙了，精神集中不起来了． Please focus your minds on the following problems．请集中考虑以下问题．【常用句子分析】1．Have you ever been to an amusement park? 你曾经去过游乐场吗? [辨析] have been to，have gone to have been to表示曾经去过某地，陈述一种经历． have gone to表示去了某地，目前不在此地． e．g．They have gone to England．他们到英国去了．(目前不在此地，目前正在去英国的路上，或已在英国．) They had been to England．他们曾经去过英国．(人不在英国，只表一种经历．) 2．What do you think you can see in a theme park? 你认为在主题乐园你能看到什么呢? 英语的疑问句通常有四种，即一般疑问句、特殊疑问句、反意疑问句和选择疑问句．但还有一种特殊形式，如What do you think I should do?这一句型，就被称为混合疑问句．这种疑问句由两个疑问句组成，句型为：疑问词+do you think+其他(正常语序)．常用于这种结构的动词有think，guess(猜)，suggest(建议)，suppose(认为)，hope，say，believe等． e．g．What do you think has happened to him? 你认为他出了什么事? How many people did you say were present at the meeting? 你说有多少人出席了会议? 此类句型常用来征询对方对某一疑问点的判断、认识、看法、猜测等，或者请求对方重复一遍． e．g．How old did you say you were? 你刚才说你多大了?(多少岁) What did you say was the matter with him? 你说他怎么啦? 注意：不能说What did you say the matter was with him?在口语中，可以把do you think一类的插入语放在句末带有补叙的性质． e．g．When the meeting will be held，do you think? 会议什么时候举行你说呢? 这种表示看法的插入语：I think，I guess等也常用在陈述句中． New York，I think，is too noisy．纽约，我认为太吵了． I think New York is too noisy．我认为纽约太吵了．插入语在句首，则变成了主句，后面接宾语从句． e．g．Who did it，do you think? Who do you think did it? 你认为是谁干的? 3．A theme park is a collection of rides，exhibitions and other attractions that are based on a common theme．主题公园就是围绕着某一个主题所设计的集乘车、展览及其他游乐项目为一体的公园．这是一个主从复合句，that引导的定语从句来修饰先行词，先行词由a collection．．．attractions短语充当． 4．At the China Ethnic Culture Park，people can learn about the customs，costumes，and culture of China’s fifty-five Chinese minorities．在中国民族文化村，人们能了解中国55个少数民族的风俗，服装和文化． (1)ethnic用作形容词，意思是“民族的，种族的”． e．g．Jack opened an ethnic restaurant．杰克开了一家具有民族风味的饭店． (2)costume用作名词，意思是“(某个时代、国家或职业穿的)服装，戏装”． I found some actors in strange costume．我发现一些穿着奇怪服装的演员． [辨析] clothes，clothing，dress，suit ①clothes是常用词，统指身上的各种服装，包括上衣、裤子、内衣等；是复数名词，不能直接与数词连用，后面要接动词复数形式．②clothing是物质名词，是服装的总称，除衣裤外还包括帽子、鞋袜等，没有复数形式，后面要接动词单数，“一件衣服”，要说an article of clothing．③dress范围较窄，作可数名词时指一件女服、连衣裙，作不可数名词时，指某种特殊服装，尤指在社交场合穿的衣服．④suit指“一套衣服”． e．g．She often wears beautiful clothes．她经常穿漂亮的衣服．This shop sells women’s clothing．这家商店出售妇女服装． My sister is wearing a red dress．我妹妹穿一件红色连衣裙． He had to wear evening dress to go to the company party．他要穿晚礼服去赴公司的晚宴． a sports suit运动服(3)minority用作名词，意思是“少数民族”，还可作“少数人”的意思． e．g．the rights of ethnic minorities 少数民族的权利 Only a minority of British households do not have a car．英国只有少数家庭没有汽车． (4)learn，learn of／about learn意思是“学习，学会”，learn of／about意思是“听说，获悉”． e．g．Live and learn．活到老，学到老．It’s never too late to learn．学习不嫌晚．How Joan’s father learned about her secret marriage is a secret．琼的父亲是怎样得知她秘密婚姻的是一个谜． 5．More than 50，000 students visit the park every year，and the park has a conservation centre，an institution that helps protect marine animals and their habitats in the rivers and coastal waters of Asia．每年有5万多学生参观海洋公园，公园里有自然保护中心，它是一个保护机构，帮助保护亚洲的河流和沿海水域的海产动物和它们的栖息地． (1)marine用作形容词，意思是“海的，海产的”．也可用作名词，意思是“海军陆战队士兵”． e．g．He is a marine biologist．他是一位海洋生物学家． The marines are very brave．海军很勇敢． (2)habitat用作名词，意思是“栖息地”． e．g．The creature’s habitat is the jungle．这种动物的栖息地是丛林． 6．At the Lowland，they can explore the past at the discovery of the Ancient World and examine giant footprints at the dinosaur exhibition．在低地，人们能够在“远古世界的发现”里探索过去，在恐龙展览厅里研究恐龙巨大的脚印． (1)explore the past意思是“探索过去”．past在句中用作名词，意思是“过去，昔日”，如in the past在过去．用作形容词，意思是“过去的”，如the past year去年．用作介词，意思是“过”，如ten past eleven 11点过10分．pass用作动词，意思是“走过，经过，度过，通过”等，过去式是passed，过去分词是passed或past． e．g．Please let me pass．请让我走过去． A week passed quickly．一个星期很快过去了． (2)ancient用作形容词，意思是“古代的，古老的”(常用来指古老的文明或其产品)． e．g．ancient civilizations 古代的文明 (3)giant用作形容词，意思是“巨大的”． e．g．What a giant panda! 多大的熊猫! 7．Entering one of the attractions at Universal Studios is like stepping into the world of your favourite film．踏入了环球电影公司摄影棚就像踏入了人们特别喜爱的电影世界． (1)Entering．．．studio动词-ing分词短语在句中作主语，谓语动词用单数． e．g．Reading newspapers is a good way of getting information．读报是一条获得信息的好途径． (2)1ike用作介词，意思是“如同，像，跟……一样”，在句中用作表语． He was like a son to me．他对我来讲就像亲儿子一样． 8．The parks are becoming more advanced and new technology allows US to experience almost anything without actually being in danger or risking injury．这些乐园变得越来越先进，新的科技允许我们经历几乎任何事情，而不必实际上处于危险之中或冒着受伤的危险． allow用作动词，意思是“允许”．后面可接动词-ing形式，宾语+宾语补语(allow sb．to do sth．) e．g．They do not allow smoking here．他们不允许在这里吸烟． They allow her to so to the party．他们允许她参加聚会． 9．So if you want to know what it feels like to fall through the air，take off in a rocket，fly a helicopter，walk next to a lion，or fight alien creatures in outer space，visit one of the theme parks in your area．因此，如果你想要知道那是什么样的感觉，比如说从空中摔下，坐在火箭里起飞，驾驶直升飞机，伴着狮子行走，或者同生活在太空里的怪物打斗，那就参观你当地的主题乐园吧! What it feels充当动词know的宾语，like用作介词，意思是“例如，比方”，相当于for example．文中的like引导的介词短语，在句中作状语，表示“举例说明”． e．g．We could look at some modern poets，like Eliot and Hughes．我们可以考虑一下现代诗人，例如艾略特和休斯． 10．If you could visit one ofthe theme parks mentioned in the text，which one would you choose and why? 如果你能够参观文中提到的主题乐园之一，你会选择哪一个?为什么? mentioned是过去分词充当后置定语修饰theme parks，作定语用的过去分词如果是单词，一般放在修饰的词的前面．如果是过去分词短语作定语时，则放在被修饰的词的后面． e．g．The girl dressed in white is Mary．穿白衣服的小姑娘是玛丽． There are many fallen leaves on the ground．地上有许多落叶． 11．Your idea should include a variety of attractions and activities．你的主意应该包括各种各样的吸引人的事物和活动． [辨析] include，included，including ①include用作及物动词，意思是“包括，包含”．②included用作形容词，用在名词或代词后，意思是“包括在内”．③including用作介词，意思是“包括在内”． e．g．Your duties will include putting the children to bed．你的职责包括让孩子们上床睡觉． Everyone laughed，me included．每个人都笑了，包括我在内． Ten members were present at the meeting，including myself． 10个人出席了会议包括我自己． 12．Some roller coasters even let you race against your friends：two tracks are next to each other and you fly through the air just metres away from your friends．有一些过山车甚至让你同你的朋友比赛，两条轨道靠得很近，当你从空中飞越时同你的朋友只有几米之遥． Face 用作动词，意思是“竞赛”，race against意思是“同……比赛”． e．g．race one’s bicycle against a car 骑自行车跟汽车赛跑【单元口语交际】 1．Excuse me，can you tell me where the roller coaster is? 劳驾，请问到滑行轨道的路怎么走? 在口语中，Excuse me的使用场合，常用于要走开、插话、问路或表示异议等场合，I’m sorry表示自己有过失，用于道歉． e．g．Excuse me，just a minute．对不起，请等一下． Excuse me for interrupting you．请原谅，打扰你(们)了． Excuse me，but can I go out for a minute? 对不起，我能出去一下吗? I’m sorry to have troubled you．对不起，给你添麻烦了． 2．Go straight down this road，then turn left at the crossing．沿着这条路直走，然后在十字路口处向左拐．口语中，回答问路，或告诉别人路线的常用句型． e．g．Walk along this street till you see the big gate．沿着这条街一直走到你看到大门为止． 3．Got it! 知道了，明白了．在口语中，常表示“学会，懂得”． e．g．I don’t get you(your ideas)．我不明白你的话(你的意思)． Get it?懂不懂? 4．You’re welcome! 别客气，不用谢! 在口语中，表示回答别人对你的致谢语，常用的短语如下： Not at all． Oh，no，don’t mention it! Oh，no，the pleasure is mine． Oh，never mind it，you are quite welcome．That’s all right． Think nothing of it． Oh，no，my pleasure．【重点难点解析】动词-ing形式用作状语动词-ing 形式短语可作状语，表示原因、时间、方式、伴随情况、结果或条件等多种意义． 1．相当于原因状语从句． Being ill(=As she was ill)，she didn’t go to school today．今天她生病了，所以没来上学．如果动词-ing形式表示的动作在谓语所表示的动作之前发生，就需要用完成形式． e．g．Not having received(=As I had not received) an answer，I wrote to him again．因为没有接到回信，我又给他写了信． 2．相当于when等引导的从句． Hearing the good news (when he heard the good news)，he jumped with joy．听到这个好消息，他高兴得跑了起来．如果动词-ing短语表示的动作与谓语表示的动作同时发生，常在短语前加上when或while． e．g．Be careful when crossing the street．过街时当心． When going to school，I met Mary．上学时我遇见了玛丽．如果动词-ing表示的动作完成后，谓语表示的动作才发生，此时分词用完成形式． e．g．Having finished his work(=After he finished his work)，Henry went home．亨利做完工作后就回家了． 3．表示行为方式、伴随情况或补充说明等． e．g．Laughing and talking，they went into the room．他们又说又笑地走进房间． 4．表示结果． e．g．Her mother died in 1969，leaving her with four younger brothers and sisters． 1969年她母亲死了，给她丢下4个弟妹． 5．表示条件． e．g．Turning to the right(= If you turn to the right)，you will find the place you want．往右转，你就会找到你要找的地方了． 6．表让步状语． e．g．Knowing all this，they still insisted on my paying for the damage．虽然知道这一点，他们仍然坚持要求赔偿损失．【阅读分析点拨】独立主格结构独立主格结构由名词或代词加上其他成分(分词、不定式、名词、代词、形容词、副词或介词短语)构成，在语法上，是一个独立的短语不是句子，在意思上依附于整个句子，具有以下特点： (1)独立主格结构的作用相当于状语从句，可表示时间、原因、条件、行为方式或伴随情况； (2)独立主格结构可置于句首，也可以放在句尾； (3)独立主格结构主要用于书面语； (4)独立主格的逻辑主语与句中主语不同，不指同一个人或同一事物． 1．独立主格结构的构成 (1)with／without+名词／代词(宾格)+分词． e．g．With him sitting next to her，she felt safe．有他坐在身旁，她感到很安全． (2)名词(或代词主格)(逻辑主语)+分词． e．g．Homework finished，he went to bed．家庭作业做完后，他上床睡觉． (3)名词(逻辑主语)+介词短语／形容词／副词 e．g．He walked out of the room，face with anger．他走出房间，脸上带着愤怒． 2．独立主格结构的句法功能(1)时间状语． e．g．The meeting over，they left the hall．会议结束之后，他们离开了大厅． (2)原因状语． e．g．My watch having been lost，I don’t know what time it is．我的表丢了，我不知道现在是几点． (3)条件状语． e．g．Time permitting，I shall go to the cinema with you．如果时间允许，我就和你去看电影． (4)描述伴随行为或补充说明． e．g．Mary entered the room，with a big apple in hand．玛丽手里拿着一个大苹果走进了房间．。