The Passionate Shepherd to His Love
英美文学作品选读试题4
英美文学作品选读试题 4I. Multiple Choice (40 points in all, 2 for each)Select from the four choices of each item the one that best answers the question or completes the statement and write the letter in the blanks.1. Romance, which uses narrative verse or prose to tell stories of ___ adventures or other heroic deeds, is a popular literary form in the medieval period.A. ChristianB. knightlyC. GreekD. primitive2. Among the great Middle English poets, Geoffrey Chaucer is known for his production of ___.A. Piers PlowmanB. Sir Gawain and the Green KnightC. Confessio AmantisD. The Canterbury Tales3. Which of the following historical events does not directly help to stimulate the rising of the Renaissance Movement?A. The rediscovery of ancient Greek and Roman culture.B. The new discoveries in geography and astrology.C. The Glorious revolution.D. The religious reformation and the economic expansion.4. Which of the following statements best illustrates the theme of Shakespeare's Sonnet 18?A. The speaker eulogizes the power of Nature.B. The speaker satirizes human vanity.C. The speaker praises the power of artistic creation.D. The speaker meditates on man's salvation.5. “And we will sit upon the rocks, /Seeing the shepherds feed their flocks, /Byshallow rivers to whose falls /Melodious birds sing madrigals.” The above lines are probably taken from __.A. Spenser's The Faerie QueeneB. John Donne's “The Sun Rising”C. Shak espeare's “Sonnet 18”D. Marlowe's “The Passionate Shepherd to His Love”6. “Bassanio: Antonio ,I am married to a wifeWhich is as dear to me as life itself;But life itself, My wife, and all the world.Are not with me esteem' d above thy life;I would lose all, ay, sacrifice them all,Here to the devil, to deliver you.Portia: Your wife would give you little thanks for that,If she were by to hear you make the offer.”The above is a quotation taken from Shakespeare's comedy The Merchant of Venice. The quoted part can be regarded as a good example to illustrate ____.A. dramatic ironyB. personificationC. allegoryD. symbolism7. The true subject of John Donne's poem, “The Sun Rising,” is to ___.A. attack the sun as an unruly servantB. give compliments to the mistress and her power of beautyC. criticize the sun's intrusion into the lover's private lifeD. lecture the sun on where true royalty and riches lie8. Of all the 18th century novelists Henry Fielding was the first to set out, both in theory and practice, to write specifically a “___ in prose,”the first to give the modern novel its structure and style.A. tragic epicB. comic epicC. romanceD. lyric epic9. The Houyhnhnms depicted by Jonathan Swift in Gulliver's Travels are ___.A. horses that are endowed with reasonB. pigmies that are endowed with admirable qualitiesC. giants that are superior in wisdomD. hairy, wild, low and despicable creatures, who resemble human beings not only in appearance but also in some other ways.10. Here are four lines from a literary work: “Others for language all their care express,/And value books, as women men, for dress.” The work is ___.A. Thomas Gray's “Elegy Written in a Country Churchyard”B. John Milton's Paradise LostC. Alexander Pope's Essay on CriticismD. Shakespeare's Midsummer Night's Dream11. The phrase “to urge people to abide by Christian doctrines and to seek salvationthrough constant struggles with their own weaknesses and all kinds of social evils” may well sum up the implied meaning of ___.A. Gulliver's TravelsB. The Rape of the LockC. Robinson CrusoeD. The pilgrim's Progress12. William Wordsworth, a romantic poet, advocated all the following EXCEPT ___.A. the use of everyday language spoken by the common peopleB. the expression of the spontaneous overflow of powerful feelingsC. the use of humble and rustic life as subject matterD. the use of elegant wording and inflated figures of speech13. Which of the following is taken from John Keats’ “Ode on a Grecian Urn”?A. “I fall upon the thorns of life! I bleed!”B. “They are both gone up to the church to pary.”C. “Earth has not anything to show more fair.”D. “Beauty is truth, truth beauty”.14. “If Winter comes, can Spring be far behind!” is an epigrammatic line by __.A. J. KeatsB. W. BlakeC. W. WordsworthD. P. B. Shelley15. “Ode o na Grecian Urn”show s the contrast between the ___ of art and the ___ ofhuman passion.A. glory …uglinessB.permanence…transienceC. transience…sordidnessD. glory…permanence16.In the statement“—oh, God! would you like to live with your soul in the grave?”the term“soul” apparently refers to ___.A. Heathcliff himselfB. CatherineC. one's spiritual lifeD. one's ghost17.The typical feature of Robet Browning' s poetry is the ___.A.bitter satirerger-than-life caricaturetinized dictionD.dramatic monologue18.The Victorian Age was largely an age of ____,eminently represented by Dickensand Thackeray.A.poetryB.dramaC.proseD.epic prose19. ___is the first important governess novel in the English literary history.A. Jane EyreB. EmmaC. Wuthering HeightsD. Middlemarch20. The major concern of ______ fiction lies in the tracing of the psychologicaldevelopment of his characters and in his energetic criticism of the dehumanizing effect of the capitalist industrialization on human nature.A. D. H. Lawrence'sB. J. Galsworthy'sC. W. Thackeray’sD. T. Hardy’sII. Reading Comprehension (20 points, 5 for each)Read the quoted parts carefully and answer the questions in English.1. “Her eyes met his and he looked away. He neither believed nor disbelieved her, buthe knew that he had made a mistake in asking; he never had known, never would know, what she was thinking. The sight of her inscrutable face, the thought of all the hundreds of evenings he had seen her sitting there like that, soft and passive, but so unreadable, unknown, enraged him beyond measure.”Questions:A. Identify the writer and the work.B. What does the phrase “inscrutable face” mean?C. What idea does the quoted passage express?2. “ And when I am formulated, sprawling on a pin,When I am pinned and wriggling on the wall.Then how should beginTo spit out all the butt-ends of my days and ways.”Questions:A. Identify the poem and the poet.B. What does the phrase “butt-ends” mean?C. What idea does the quoted passage express?3. “God knows, I'm not myself—I'm somebody else—…and I’m changed, and I can'ttell what's my name, or who I am.”Questions:A. Identify the work and the author.B. The speaker says he is changed. Do you think he is changed, or the socialenvironment has changed?C. What idea does the quoted sentence express?4. “I shall be telling this with a sighSomewhere ages and ages hence:Two roads diverged in a wood, and I—I took the one less traveled by,And that has made all the difference.”Questions:A. Identify the poem and the poet.B. What does the phrase “ages and ages hence” mean?C. What idea does the quoted passage express?III. Questions and Answers (20 points in all, 5 for each)Give brief answers to each of the following questions in English.1. As a rule, an allegory is story in verse or prose with a double meaning: a surfacemeaning, and an implied meaning. List two works as examples of allegory. What is an allegory usually concerned with by its implied meaning?2. Inspiration for the romantic approach initially came from two great shapers ofthought. Who are the two? And what ideas they expressed inspire the romantic writers?3. The white whale, Moby Dick, is the most important symbol in Melville's novel.What symbolic meaning can you draw from it?4. Nature is a philosophic work, in which Emerson gives an explicit discussion on hisidea of the oversoul. What is your understanding of Emersonian “Oversoul”?IV. Topic Discussion (20 points in all, 10 for each)Write no less than 50 words on each of the following topics in English.1. How is Romanticism different from Neoclassicism? Provide brief evidence fromthe literary works you know best.2. Summarize the story of Mark twain's The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn in about 50 words, and comment on the theme of the novel.参考答案：I. Multiple Choice (40 points in all, 2 for each)Select from the four choices of each item the one that best answers the question or completes the statement and write the letter in the blanks.1. B2. D3. C4. C5. D6. A7. B8. B9. A 10. C11. D 12. D 13. D 14. D 15. B16. B 17. D 18. C 19. A 20. AII. Reading Comprehension (20 points, 5 for each)Read the quoted parts carefully and answer the questions in English.1. A. John Galasworthy:The Man of Property.B. A face does not show any emotion or reaction so that it is impossible to know how that person is feeling or what he is thinking about.C. It presents the inner mind of Soames in face of his wife's coldness. He can never know what is on his wife's mind because the makeup of his and her mentality is different. His wife Irene, whose mind is romantically inclined, is disgusted with her husband's possessiveness. Being unable to read his wife's mind is as good as saying that he really can't regard her as his property- this is the very reason why he is enraged beyond measure.2. A. T. S. Eliot: “The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufro ck.”B. The ends of cigarettes, meaning trivial things here.C. Here, Prufrock's inability to do anything against the society he is in is made strikingly clear by using a sharp comparison .Prufrock imagines himself as a kind of insect pinned on the wall and struggling in vain to get free.This image vividly shows Prufrock's current predicament.3. A. Washington Irving: “Rip Van Winkle”.B. The social environment is changed.C. When Rip is back home after a period of 20 years, he finds that everything has changed. All those old values are gone, and he can hardly feel at home in a changedsociety. One of the functions that Rip serves in the story is to provide a measuring stick for change. It is through him that Irving drives home the theme that a desire for change, improvement, and progress could subvert stable society.4. A. Robert Frost: “The Road Not Taken”.B. Many many years later.C. The speaker is telling his experience of making the choice of the roads. But he is conscious of the fact that his choice will have made all the difference in his life. He seems to be giving a suggestion to the reader. “Make good choice of your life.”III. Questions and Answers (20 points in all, 5 for each)Give brief answers to each of the following questions in English.1. It is usually concerned with moral, religious, political, symbolic or mythical ideas. Buyan's Pilgrim's Progress and Spenser's The Faerie Queene are examples.2. It is Rousseau who established the cult of the individual and championed the freedom of the human spirit; his famous announcement was “I felt before I thought.”Goethe and his compatriots extolled the romantic spirit. The French philosopher, Jean Jacques Rousseau and the German writer Johna Wolfgan von Goethe.3. To Ahab, the whale is either an evil creature itself or the agent of an evil force that controls the universe, or perhaps both.To Ishmale, the whale is an astonishing force, an immense power, which defies rational explanation due to a sense of mystery it carries. It is beautiful, but malignant at the same time. It also represents the tremendous organic vitality of the universe, for it has a life force that surges onward irresistibly, impervious to the desires or wills of men.As to the reader, the whale can be viewed as a symbol of the physical limits that life imposes upon man. It may also be regarded as a symbol of nature, or an instrument of God's vengeance upon evil man. In general, the multiplicity and ambivalence of the symbolic meaning of the whale is such that it becomes a source of intense speculation, an object or profound curiosity for the reader.4. A. The Oversoul is believed to be an all-pervading power for goodness, omnipresent and omnipotent from which all things come and of which all are a part. Itexists in nature and man alike and constitutes the chief element of the universe.B. According to Emerson,it is a supreme reality of mind, a spiritual unity of all beings, and a religion regarded as an emotional communication between an individual soul and the universal Over-soul of which it is a part.C. He holds that intuition is a more certain way of knowing than reason and that the mind could intuitively perceive the existence of the Oversoul and of certain absolutes. IV. Topic Discussion (20 points in all, 10 for each)Write no less than 50 words on each of the following topics in English.1. How is Romanticism different from Neoclassicism? Provide brief evidence fromthe literary works you know best.Neoclassicists upheld that artistic ideals should be order, logic, restrained emoticon and accuracy, and that literature, should be judged in terms of its service to humanity, and thus, literary expressions should be of proportion, unity, harmony and grace. Pope's An Essay on Criticism advocates grace, wit (usually though satire/ humour), and simplicity in language(and the poem itself is a demonstration of those ideals, too);Romanticists tended to see the individual as the very center of all experience, including art, and thus, literary work should be “spontaneous overflow of strong feelings,”and no matter how fragmentary those experiences were (Wor dsworth's “I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud,” or “The Solitary Reaper,)2. Summarize the story of Mark twain's The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn in about50 words, and comment on the theme of the novel.Along the river, floats a small raft, with two people on it; One is an ignorant, uneducated black slave named Jim and the other is little uneducated outcast white boy about the age of thirteen, called Huckleberry Finn or Huck Finn.The novel relates the story of the escape of Jim from slavery and how Huck Finn, floating along with Jim and helping him as best he could, changes his mind, his prejudice, about Black people, and comes to accept Jim as a man and as a close friends as well.During their journey, they experience a series of adventures: coming across twofrauds, the “Duke” and the “King”, witnessing the lynching and murder of a harmless drunkard, being lost in a fog and finally Tom's coming to rescue.The theme of the novel may be best summed in a word “freedom”: Huck wants to escape from the bond of civilization and Jim wants to escape from the yoke of slavery. Mark Twain uses the raft's journey down the Mississippi River to express his thematic contrasts between innocence and experience, nature and culture, wilderness and civilization.。
ThePassionateShepherdtoHisLove知识讲解
falls: the sound which the water falls 指溪水跌落时发出的声响
melodious [mi'ləudjəs] adj. 旋律优美的；悦耳的
madrigal ['mædriɡəl] from Italian “madrigale” , a particular
kind of unaccompanied part-song, the words being a short
ThePassionateShepherdtoHis Love
Come live with me and be my love, And we will all the pleasures prove That hills and valleys, dales and fields, Woods, or steepy mountains yields.
这两段,马洛勾勒出一幅和平和美丽的 景色的牧羊人的环境,如山丘,所有这些 都是牧区诗歌中最基本的景物。
In Marlowe's poem, the shepherd reaches out to his love with a pastoral ballad. The piece is very beautiful, painting an idyllic scene wherein the shepherd and his love can roam at their will. The shepherd tells his love that he will give all for her if she would just live with him; together they will "all the pleasures prove" and he would show her to a world where birds sing, the sun shines, and everything is serene and perfect.
牧羊人恋歌 The Passionate Shepherd to His Love
The Passionate Shepherd to His Love这首短诗是英国文学诗中最优美的抒情诗。
它继承了田园抒情诗的风格。
诗中的牧羊人享受着乡村生活，酝酿着对爱人的纯洁感情。
通过描写恋人们在无世事尘嚣干扰的山野怀抱中生活，作者传达了一种不可言传的真情。
英国最优美的抒情诗之一。
原文及几个版本的译文如下The Passionate Shepherd to His LoveCome live with me and be my love,And we will all the pleasures proveThat Valleys,groves,hills,and fields,Woods,or steepy mountain yields.And we will sit upon the rocks,Seeing the shepherds feed their flocks,By shallow rivers to whose fallsMelodious birds sing madrigals.And I will make thee beds of rosesAnd a thousand fragrant posies,A cap of flowers, and a kirtleEmbroidered all with leaves of myrtle;A gown made of the finest woolWhich from our pretty lambs we pull;Fair lined slippers for the cold,With buckles of the purest gold;A belt of straw and ivy buds,With coral clasps and amber studs:and if these pleasures may thee moveCome live with me ,and be my loveThe shepherds'swains shall dance and singFor thy delight each May morning:if these delight thy mind may move,Then live with me and be my love.译文1激情的牧人致心爱的姑娘来与我同住吧，做我的爱人，我们将共享一切欢乐；来自河谷、树丛、山岳、田野，来自森林或陡峭的峻岭。
2017-10-28-The-Passionate-Shepherd-to-His-Love
The Passionate Shepherd to His Loveby Christopher Marlowe Come live with me & be my love,请来与我同住，做我的情人，And we will all the pleasure prove我们要享受所有的欢乐That valleys, groves, hills, and fields,而那些幽谷，果园，小山，原野，Woods, or steepy mountain yields.森林，或是嶙峋的山峰，都将为我们歌唱。
And we will sit upon the rocks,我们要坐在高高的岩石上，Seeing the shepherds feed their flocks,看那牧羊人悠闲的放牧着羊群，By shallow rivers to whole falls伴随着河水流动的潺潺乐声，Melodious birds sing madrigals.欢乐的小鸟也会为我们唱出美妙动人的歌儿。
And I will make thee beds of roses我要为你献上玫瑰的花床And a thousand fragrant posies,和千百束芬香的花束，A cap of flowers, and a kirtle以及高贵的花冠，Embroidered all with leaves of myrtle;和绣满姚金娘叶子的长裙；A gown made of the finest wool我要用小羊羔身上最好的羊毛Which from our pretty lambs we pull;为你织就美丽的长袍；Fair lined slippers for the cold,我要为你制作有着漂亮衬里With buckles of the purest gold;以及纯金钮扣的拖鞋；A belt of straw & ivy buds,我愿用那饰以珊瑚搭扣、琥珀饰钉的With coral clasps and amber studs:常春藤腰带来装点你的美丽：And if these pleasures my thee move,如果这样的快乐能够打动你的心，Come live with me, and be my love.就请你来与我同住，做我的情人。
关于莎士比亚作品常识的填空题汇总及答案
填空题1.William Shakespeare, in cooperation with John Fletcher, wrote two plays:_______and _______.2.The success of Shakespeare’s comedies owns much to _________________.3.Shakespeare’s well-known long poems are: ________and ________.4.Venus and Adonis is a poem written in the form of ________stanzas.5.Each line of a Shakespearian sonnet is an _____________.6._______ is the principle form of his dramas.7.____ and ____ are two main characters in As You Like It.8.Shakespeare wrote ___ tragedies in all, and ____, _____, _____ and _____are four great tragedies.9.The story of Macbeth was borrowed from ___________.10.A mong Shakespeare’s all historical plays, HenryⅣand HenryⅤare two remarkable plays, as HenryⅤ is the ____ of HenryⅣ11.S hakespeare’s ____ are associated with a period of gloomy and sorrow in his life.答案：1.Edward Ⅲ, The Two Noble Kinsmen2.The appearance of clowns (or the clowns )3.Venus and Adonis, The Rape of Lucrece4.Six-line5.Iambic pentameter6.Blank verse7.Orlando, Rosalind8.12, Hamlet, Othello, King Lear and Macbeth.9.Holinshed’s Chronicles10.C ontinuation11.G reat tragedies12."Richard ii" red rose is the_________; white roses is the ______.13.The theme of "A Midsummer Night's Dream " are: _______________________________________________________.14.Shakespeare was a great _______ of the English language.15. Shakespeare's standard poetic form was _____, composed in ______.16.In 1593 and 1594, Shakespeare published two narrative poems on erotic themes, ____________ and ____________.13.the love and friendship between young people and sarcasm of young people’s fickle emotion.14.master15.blank verse；iambic pentameter16.Venus and Adonis；The Rape of Lucrece17.love；friendshipte；Fletcher19.The Merchant of Venice20.S hakespeare is the greatest of all______ dramatists.21.______ is considered as one of the best lyrics in English Literature.22.______ is the greatest tragedy of Shakespeare’s.23.______ is a tragedy of humanism.24.______ is a tragedy of all ambitions adventures who become the prey of their ambition.25.______ is a based on an old British legend.26.______ is a play eulogizing the friendship between Antonio and Bassanio, idealizing Portia as a heroine of great beauty, wit and loyalty, and exposing the insatiable greed and brutality of the Jew represented by Shylock.27.The allusion “pound of flesh”comes from______ .28.Shakespeare wrote______ plays and ______ sonnets.答案：20.Elizabethan21. The Passionate Shepherd to His Love22. Hamlet23. Othello24. Macbeth25. King Lear26. The Merchant of Venice27.The Merchant of Venice28. 37;154。
Christopher Marlowe′s “The Passionate Shepherd to His Love” and
“The Nymph’s Reply to the Shepherd”
• Poetic devices
– Repetition
• “to live with thee and be thy love” –Repeated in lines 4, 20, and 24 –Creates a sing-song effect »Does it mock the shepherd?
nymphs and country life
“The Passionate Shepherd to His Love”
• Marlowe idealizes rural life to persuade the woman
– Presents nature in a perfect light – There are no negative aspects of the life he
– Harsh aspects of nature
• “When rivers rage and rocks grow cold” (6)
– Fading of Nature’s beauty
• “The flowers do fade, and wanton fields To wayward winter reckoning yields;” (9-10)
“The Passionate Shepherd to His Love”
• Poetic Devices – Rhyme Scheme • aabb ccdd eeff gghh iijj kkll – the poem consists of six quatrains » each quatrain is made up of two couplets
“The Nymph’s Reply to the Shepherd”and Marlowe’s “The Passionate Shepherd to His Love.”
.......Chistopher Marlowe sets the poem in early spring in a rural locale (presumably in England) where shepherds tend their flocks. The use of the word madrigals (line 8)—referring to poems set to music and sung by two to six voices with a single melody or interweaving melodies—suggests that the time is the sixteenth century, when madrigals werehighly popular in England and elsewhere in Europe. However, the poem could be about any shepherd of any age in any country, for such is the universality of its theme.
With buckles of the purest gold.
A belt of straw and ivy buds
Withcoral5 clasps andamber6 studs:
And if these pleasures may thee move,
Come live with me and be my Love.....................20
And WE..|..will ALL..|..the PLEA..|..sures PROVE
The Passionate Shepherd to His Love- Presentation
1.Introduction of the authorChristopher Marlowe(1564-1593) was an English dramatist, poet, translator of the Elizabethan era. Marlowe was the foremost Elizabethan tragedian until his mysterious early death. Marlowe greatly influenced William Shakespeare, who was born in the same year as Marlowe and who rose to become the eminent Elizabethan playwright after Marlowe’s death. Marlowe’s plays are known for the use of blank verse, and their overreaching protagonists.2.About the poem itselfChristopher Marlowe’s“The Passionate Shepherd to His Love” fits perfectly into the poetic genre of the period. Poets of the Elizabethan age used poetry as a way to express their wit and talent. It is likely that Marlowe’s poem would have been passed around among his friends l ong before its publication in 1599 in England, six years after the poet’s death. Few Elizabethan poets published their own work, especially one as young as Marlowe, and so it is fairly certain that the poem was well-known long before its publication. In addition to being one of the most well-known love poems in the English language, it is considered one of the earliest examples of the pastoral style of British poetry in the late Renaissance period. It is often used for scholastic purposes because the poem is a good example of regular meter and rhythm. The composition date is thought to be about 1588, and probably it generated many responses well before its publication nearly a dozen years later. Among these responses was Sir Walter Raleigh’s “The Nymph’s Reply to the Shepherd” (date unknown, but thought to be about 1592), which provides the woman’s response to Marlowe’s shepherd.The speaker in “The Passionate Shepherd to His Love” is a shepherd, who pledges to do the impossible if only the female object of his desires will accept his pleas. The poem is static in time, with no history or clearly defined future. Only the present matters. There is never any suggestion that the poet is asking the woman for a long-term commitment; there is no offer of marriage nor does he offer a long-term future together. Instead, he asks her to come and live with him and seek pleasure in the moment. The use of “passionate” in the title suggests strong emotions, but may also refer to an ardent desire to possess the woman sexually, since there is never any declaration of love. The shepherd makes a number of elaborate promises that are generally improbable and occasionally impossible. The woman’s response is never heard, and she is not present in any way except as the object of the shepherd’s desire.3.Type of the poem“The Passionate Shepherd to His Love” is a pastoral poem. Pastoral poems generally center on the love of a shepherd for a maiden (as in Marlowe’s poem), on the death of a friend, or on the quiet simplicity of rural life. The writer of a pastoral poem may be an educated city dweller, like Marlowe, who extols the virtues of a shepherd girl or longs for the peace and quiet of the country. Pastoral is derived from the Latin word pastor, meaning shepherd.4.Characters in the poemThe Passionate Shepherd: He importunes a woman—presumably a young and pretty country girl—to become his sweetheart and enjoy with him all the pleasures that nature has to offer.The Shepherd’s Love: The young woman who receives the Passionate Shepherd’s message. Swains: Young country fellows whom the Passionate Shepherd promises will dance for his beloved.5.ThemeThe theme of “The Passionate Shepherd” is the rapture of springtime love in a simple, rural setting. Implicit in this theme is the motif of carpe diem—Latin for “seize the day.” Carpe diem urges people to enjoy the moment without worrying about the future.6.The Poem’s Enduring AppealOver the centuries, Marlowe’s little poem has enjoyed widespread popularity because it captures the joy of simple, uncomplicated love. The shepherd does not worry whether his status makes him acceptable to the girl; nor does he appear concerned about money or education. The future will take carry of itself. What matters is the moment. So, he says, let us enjoy it—sitting on a rock listening to the birds.。
The_Passionate_Shepherd_to_His_Love
The blatant, once upon a time, we all dream of, and people who love each other in a huddle of no one corner, listening to the wind passed steps, look at all the world beauty......
A romantic poetry, whether you also was deeply moved? Nhomakorabeanow…
The Passionate Shepherd to His Love
激情的牧人致心爱的姑娘
The Passionate Shepherd to His Love is the most beautiful lyric poem in English literature. It inherits the rural lyric poem style. The shepherd was enjoying the country life, ferment feelings of pure feeling. Through the description of people without the 诗歌介绍：“The Passionate interference of the noisy in Shepherd mountains embrace life, the to His Love”这首短诗是英国文学诗中 最优美的抒情诗。它继承了田园抒情诗 author conveys a kind of 的风格。诗中的牧羊人享受着乡村活， inexpressible indeed. 酝酿着对爱人的纯洁感情。通过描写恋
for recitation
Th e Pas s ionate Shepherd to His Love 激情牧人的情歌Christopher Marlow 克里斯托夫.马洛Come live with me and be my love 来，与我同住，做我的爱人And we will all pleasures prove 我们将证实所有的欢乐That valleys, groves, hills, fields 冈峦丛林，溪谷田野Woods, or steepy mountain yields 和危岩峭壁的群山所滋生的And we will sit upon the rocks 我们将并肩坐在那山石上Seeing the shepherds feed their flocks 看牧童喂他的羊群By shallow rivers to whose falls 在浅流小溪旁，与流水相抑扬Melodious birds sing madrigals 悦耳的小鸟齐声鸣唱情歌And I will make thee a bed of roses 在那里我要为你砌玫瑰花床And a thousand fragrant poises 和无数芳香馥郁的花束A cap of flowers, and a kirtle 制一顶饰有花朵的帽子，一件短裙Embroidered all with leaves of myrtle 每一处都绣满爱神木的子A gown made of the finest wool 一件上好羊毛织成的长袍Which from our pretty lambs we pull 从我们漂亮的小羊身上采下Fair lined slippers for the cold 寒冬时为你送上里衬舒适的拖鞋With buckles of the purest gold 缝上纯金制成的扣结A belt of the straw and ivy buds 麦秆与长青藤做你的腰带With coral clasps and amber studs 珊瑚为钩，琥珀为钮If these pleasures may thee move 倘使这些欢乐打动了你Come live with me and be my love 来，与我同住，做我的爱人The shepherds' swains shall dance and sing 牧童要成群为你歌舞For thy delight each May morning 在每个五月的清晨为了使你愉悦If these delights thy mind may move 倘使这些欢乐令你动心Then come live with me and be my love 来，与我同住，做我的爱人When We T wo Parted 昔日依依别By George Gordon Byron 乔治·戈登·拜伦原文：When we two partedIn silence and tears,Half broken-heartedTo sever for years,Pale grew thy cheek and cold, Colder thy kiss;Truly that hour foretold Sorrow to this!The dew of the morning Sunk chill on my brow-It felt like the warningOf what I feel now.Thy vows are all broken, And light is thy fame:I hear thy name spoken,And share in its shame. They name thee before me, A knell to mine ear;A shudder comes o'er me- Why wert thou so dear? They know not I knew thee Who knew thee too well: long, long shall I rue thee, Too deeply to tell.In secret we met-In silence I grieve, 译文：昔日依依别，泪流默无言；离恨肝肠断，此别又几年。
英国文学史题库
英国文学史题库Part 1 --- Part 31.The Old English poetry can be divided into two groups: the secular and _______.2.In the 14th century, the two most famous writers are_________ and WilliamLongland who wrote Piers the Plowman.3.Today，Chaucer is regarded as the father of English poetry. His masterpieceis_______4.The Canterbury T ales contains the _______ and 24 tales, two of which leftunfinished.5.Chaucer employed the _______ couplet in writing his greatest work TheCanterbury Tales.6._______ is the most prevailing literary form in the Middle Ages.7.The ______ is an important stream of the British literature in the 15th century.8.Poetry can be classified as narrative or lyric. Narrative poems stress action, andlyrics ______.Part 41.Shakespeare’s four great comedies are _____. _____, ______, _____ .2.In Elizabethan period, ______ wrote many excellent essays, such as “Of Studies”.3.____ was the first to introduce the sonnet into Englishliterature.4.____ wrote the famous The Faerie Queen and is often referred to as “the peots’poet”.5. A Shakespearean sonnet is composed of three four-line quatrains and a concluding_____.6.The most significant intellectual movement during the English Renaissance period was _____.A. the ReformationB. geographical explorationsC. HumanismD. the Italian revival7. Which of the following poetic forms is the principal form of Shakespeare’s dramas?A. lyricB. blank verseC. sonnetD. quatrain8. Which of the following plays does NOT belong to Shakespeare’s great tragedies?A. OthelloB. MacbethC. Romeo and JulietD. Hamlet9. Christopher Marlow’s The Passionate Shepherd to His Love is a(n)A. pastoral lyricB. elegyC. eulogyD. epic10. The real mainstream of the English Renaissance is _____.A. ancient poemB. dramaC. proseD. romantic novelPassage 1To die, to sleepNo more and by a sleep to say we endThe heartache, and the thousand natural shocksThat flesh is heir to, ’tis a consummationDevotedly to be wished. To die, to sleepTo sleep-perchance to dream: ay there’s the rub,For in that sleep of death what dream may come?When we have shuffled off this mortal coil,Must give us a pause. Th ere’s the respectThat makes calamity of so long life.For who would bear the whips and scorns of time,The oppressor’s wrong, the proud man’s contumelyThe pangs of despised love, the law’s delay,The insolence of office, and the spurns,The patient merit of th’ unworthy takesQUESTION:1. 1. These lines are taken from a famous play named________.2. 2. The author of the play is____________.3. 3. In the play these lines are uttered by ____________.4. 4. About the utterance what does the speech show? Passage 2Shall I compare thee to a summer's day?Thou art more lovely and more temperate.Rough winds do shake the darling buds of May,And summer's lease hath all too short a date.Sometime too hot the eye of heaven shines,And often is his gold complexion dimmed;And every fair from fair sometime declines,By chance or nature's changing course untrimmed;But thy eternal summer shall not fade,Nor lose possession of that fair thou ow'st;Nor shall Death brag thou wander'st in his shadeWhen in eternal lines to time thou grow'st.So long as men can breathe, or eyes can see,So long lives this, and this gives life to thee..Questions:1. 1. This is one of Shakespeare’s best known______.a. sonnets b, ballads c, songs2. 2. It runs in iambic pentameter rhymed in_________.3. 3. The fourteen lines include three stanzas according to their content with thelast two lines as ______which complete the sense of the whole poem.a. preludeb. coupletc. epigraph4.What is the real purpose that the poet compare the beloved to the days ofearly summer?Passage 3Some books are to be tasted, others to be swallowed, and some few to be chewed and digested; that is, some books are to be read only in parts; others to be read, but not curiously; andsome few to be read wholly, and with diligence and attention. Some boos also may be read by deputy, and extracts made of them by others; but that would be only in the less important arguments, and the meaner sort of books; else distilled books are, like common distilled waters, flashy things.Questions:1. 1. This passage is taken from a famous essay written by______.2. 2. What is the title of this passage?3. 3. What’s the theme of the article?Part 51, John Donne is the founder of the school of ______. His poetry is characterized by mysticism in content and fantasticality in form.2. The 18th century England is known as the Age of ______ or the Age of Reason.3.______ is called the Father of the English Novel.4.______ is a typical feature of Swift’s writings.5.______ , written in heroic couplet by Pope, is considered manifesto of English neoclassicism.6.Thomas Gray has been regarded as the leader of the ______ of the day.A. romanticB. sentimentalC. religiousD. modern poetry7. In his novel, Robinson Crusoe, Defoe eulogizes the hero of the _____.A. aristocratic classB. enterprising classC. rising bourgeoiseD. hard-working people8. The modern English novel came into being in _____-A. the middle of the 17th centuryB. the 17th centuryC. the late 18th centuryD. the middle of the 18th century9. The Pilgrim’s Progress is often said to be concerned with the search for ______.A. material wealthB. spiritual salvationC. universal truthD. self-fulfillment10. Of the 18th century novelists, _____ was the first to set out in theory andpractice, to write specially a “comic epic in prose”.A. Danniel DefoeB. Samuel RichardsonC. Henry FieldingD. Oliver Goldsmith11. Essay on Criticism is a didactic poem written in _____.A. alliterationB. heroic coupletC. sonnetD. blank verse12. _____ is William Blake’s most important prose work, which is the manifesto of his spiritual independence.A. Songs of InnocenceB. Songs of ExperienceC. The Marriage of Heaven and HellD. LondonPart 61.The Romantic Period began in 1798 when Wordsworth and Coleridgepublished their joint work ______.2._____ was memorized and honored as “the heart of all hearts”after hisdeath.3.The English Romantic Age produced two major novelists, _____ and _____.4.Scott is considered “ the father of _____” which open up to fiction the richand lively realm of history.5.Romanticism was in effect a revolt of the English__ imagination ___ againstthe neoclassical _ reason ____, which prevailed from the days of Pope to those of Johnson.6.William Wordsworth, Coleridge and _____ are known as the “ Lake poets”.A. ByronB. Robert SoutheyC. ShellyD. Keats7. ____ is the poet who not only started the modern poetry, but also changed the course of English poetry.A. William BlakeB. William WordworthC. ByronD. Keats8. “ It is a truth universally acknowledged, that a single manin possession of a good fortune must be in want of a wife.” This sentence is presented in a(n) _____ tone.A. ironicB. indifferentC. delightfulD. jealousy9. “ Ode to the West Wind” is concluded with ____ mood.A. pessimistic and skepticalB. triumphant and hopefulC. desperate and sadD. indifferent10. _____ shows the contrast between the permanence of art and the transience of human passion.A. Ode to the West WindB. Ode to a NightingaleC. To a Sky- LarkD. Ode on a Grecian Urn11. Of all the 18th century novelists, ______ was the first to set out in theory andpractice, to write specially a “ comic epic in prose”, and the first to give themodern novel its structure and style.A. Danial DefoeB. Samuel RichardsonC. Henry FieldingD.Oliver Goldsmith12. ______ ’s works are characterized by a mingling of humor and pathos.A. Thomas HardyB. Geoge EliotC. Charlotte BronteD. Charles Dickens13．______was the first to be bur ied in the Poet’s Corner of Westminster Abbey.A. KeatsB. SoutheyC. TennysonD. Chaucer14. Paradise Lost is written in _____.A. epicB. blank verseC. heroic coupletD. ballad15. Of the following writers, _________ is not regarded as “Lake Poets”?A. William BlakeB. John BunyanC. Jane AustenD. John Keats16. In the English Renaissance period, the most significant intellectual movement was_____A.The ReformationB. Geographical explorationsC. HumanismD. The Italian revival17．In the field of literature, the Enlightenment Movement brought about a revival of interest in the old classical works. This tendency is known as_____. A. Classicism B. NeoclassicismC. RomanticismD. pre-Romanticism18．The Pilgrim’s Progress written by Bunyan i s often sa id to be concerned with the search for______.A. material wealthB. spiritual salvationC.universal truthD. self- fulfillment19. “Some books are to be tasted, others to be swallowed, and some few to bec hewed and digested” is one of the epigrams found in _____.A. Francis Bacon’s Of Studies C. Thomas More’s UtopiaB. John Bunyan’s The pilgrim’s Progress D. Henry Fielding’s Tom Jones20. _____, is a typical example of Old English poetry, is regarded today as the national epic of the Anglo-Saxons.A. Th e Wife’s ComplaintB. BeowulfC. The Dream of the RoodD. The SeafarerPassage 1How the chimney-sweeper’s cryEvery black’ning church appalls;And the hapless soldier’s sighRuns down palace walls.But most thro’ mid-night streets I hearHow the youthful harlots curseBlasts the new-born infant’s tear,And blights with plagues the marriage hearse.Questions:1. 1. What is title of the poem?2. 2. Where is this poem taken from_________.3. 3. Who is the writer of this poem.4. 4. The theme of this poem is _____________________________. Passage 2O wild West Wind; thou breath of Autumn's being,Thou, from whose unseen presence the leaves deadAre driven, like ghosts from an enchanter fleeing, -Yellow, and black, and pale, and hectic red,Pestilence-stricken multitudes: O thou,Who chariotest to their dark wintry bed -The winged seeds, where they lie cold and low,Each like a corpse within its grave, untilThine azure sister of the Spring shall blow -Her clarion o'er the dreaming earth, and fill(Driving sweet buds like flocks to feed in air)With living hues and odors plain and hill: -Wild Spirit, which art moving everywhere;Destroyer and preserver; hear, oh, hear! -Questions:a.What is the title of this poem and who is the poet? (2’)b.Why is the West Wi nd called “Destroyer and preserver”?(5’)c. What is the symbolic meaning of the West Wind ? (5’)1. Shall I compare thee to a summer’s dayThou art more lovely and more temperateRough winds do shake the darling buds of MayAnd summer’s lease hath all too short a dateQuestions:A.Where does this poem quoted and what is it about?B.What is the real purpose that the poet compares the beloved to the days of early summer?C.In what sense can the speaker make the young man eternal through poetry?2. " I wandered lonely as a cloudThat floats on high o'er values and hills ,When all at once I saw a crowd ,A host , of golden daffodiles ;Beside the lake , beneath the trees ,Fluttering and dancing in the breeze . "Questions :A. Who is the author ?B. What does " a host of " mean ?C. Give a short explanation .3. " O Wild West Wind , thou breath of Autumn 's being ,Thou , from whose unseen presence the leaves deadAre driven , like ghosts from an enchanter fleeing . "Questions :A. Who is the author of this stanza ?B. what does " West Wind " symbolize?C. What is the intention of the poet in writing the poem ?4. In Hamlet's soliloquy he says , " To Sleep , perchance to dream :---- ay,there's the rub ."Questions :A. What does " perchance " mean here ?B. What does " the rub" refer to ?C. What is he primarily thinking about ?5. " To be ,or not to be --- that is the question ;Whether' tis nobler in the mind to sufferThe slings and arrows of outrageous fortune ,Or to take arms against a sea of troubles ."Question :A. Who is the author of the play ?B. who is the speaker ?C. What does he mean when he says " To be ,or not to be----that is the question ?"。
英国文学史习题Part 2
Part Two The Renaissance LiteratureI. Choose the best answer for each statement.1. ________is not Shakespeare’s work.A. HamletB. King LearC. The TempestD. The Faerie2. The Four Greatest Tragedies of Shakespeare’s do not include_______.A. Romeo and JulietB. HamletC. MacbethD. Othello3. “Shall I compare thee to a summer’s day?” is the beginning line of Shakespeare’s ________.A. SongsB. tragediesC. sonnetsD. comedies4. Francis Bacon is regarded as _______.A. “Father of English Essays”B. “Father of Essays”C. “Father of English Literature”D. “Father of English Novels”5. The English Renaissance began in the ________.A. 15th centuryB. 16th centuryC. 14th century C. 17th century6. The Renaissance, in essence, is a historical period in which the European ______ thinkers and scholars made attempts to get rid of those old feudalist ideas in medieval Europe, to introduce new ideas that expressed the interests of the rising bourgeoisie, and to recover the purity of the early church form the corruption of the Roman Catholic Church.A. Greek and RomanB. humanistC. religiousD. realistic7. Generally, the ______ refers to the period between the 14th and mid-17th centuries. It first started in Italy, with the flowering of painting, sculpture and literature. From Italy the movement went to embrace the rest of Europe.A. Medieval PeriodB. RenaissanceC. Old English PeriodD. Romantic Period8. ______ is the essence of the Renaissance. Thomas More, Christopher Marlowe and _______ are the best representatives of the English humanists.A. Humanity, William ShakespeareB. Humanism, Francis BaconC. Romanticism, Geoffrey ChaucerD. Humanism, William Shakespeare9. The Elizabethan ______ is the real mainstream of the English Renaissance. The most famous dramatists in the Renaissance England are Christopher Marlowe, William Shakespeare, and ______.A. novel, Geoffrey ChaucerB. poetry, Francis BaconC. drama, Ben JonsonD. drama, Geoffrey Chaucer10. Wyatt, in the Renaissance period, introduced the Petrarchan ______ into England, while Surrey brought in ______ verse.A. drama, freeB. sonnet, blankC. terzarima, blankD. couplet, free11. In the early stage of the English Renaissance, poetry and ______ were the most outstanding forms and they were carried on especially by William Shakespeare and Ben Jonson.A. fictionB. dramatic fictionC. poetic dramaD. novel12. By emphasizing the dignity of human beings and the importance of the present life,______ voiced their beliefs that man did not only have the right to enjoy the beauty of this life, but had the ability to perfect himself and to perform wonders.A. humanistsB. ProtestantsC. CatholicsD. playwrights13. ______ was the first important English essayist. He was also the founder of modern science in England.A.Edmund SpenserB. Christopher MarloweC. Francis BaconD. Ben Jonson14. Paradise Lost is ___’ s masterpiece, which is an epic in 12 books, written in blank verse, about the heroic revolt of Satan against God’s authority.A. John DonneB. Christopher MarloweC. John MiltonD. Edmund Spenser15. The following description fit into Milton except_____.A. a great revolutionary poet of the 17th centuryB. an outstanding political pamphleteerC. a great stylist and master of blank verseD. a kind of elegant and refine style.16. _____ is not written by John Milton.A. Samson AgonistesB. Paradise LostC. Paradise regainedD. Tamburlaine17. Marlow’s greatest achievement is that he perfected the “blank verse”, and he is regarded as “the pioneer of English drama”, which of the following is not written by him? ______A. TamburlaineB. “The Passionate Shepherd to His Love”C. The Jew of MaltaD. “The Sun Rising”18. ____ Essays is the first example of that genre in English literature, which has been recognized as an important landmark in the development of English prose.A. John Milton’sB. Francis Bacon’sC. Montaigne’sD. Thomas Gray’s19. _____was known as “the poets’ poet”.A. William ShakespeareB. Edmund SpenserC. John DonneD. John Milton20. “And we will make thee beds of roses / And a thousand fragrant posies/ A cap of flowers, and a kirtle/ Embroidered all with leaves of myrtle.” The above lines are probably taken from______.A. Spen ser’s The Faerie QueeneB. John Donne’s “The Sun Rising”C. Shakespeare’s Sonnet 18D. Marlow’s “The Passionate Shepherd to His Love”21. Which of the following statement best illustrates the theme of Shakespeare’s Sonnet 18? _______A. The speaker eulogizes the power of Nature.B. The speaker satirizes human vanity.C. The speaker praises the power of artistic creation.D. The speaker meditates on man’s salvation.22. Dr. Faustus is a play based on the _____legend of a magician aspiring for ____ and finally meeting his tragic end as a result of selling his soul to the Devil.A. British/ immoralityB. French/moneyC. German/knowledgeD. American/political power23. The Essence of Renaissance, the most significant intellectual movement, was_____.A. ScienceB. Religious reformationC. PhilosophyD. Humanism24. “Prince Arthur’s greatest mission is his search for Gloriana, with whom he has fallen in love through a love vision.” The two figures come from_____.A. Paradise LostB. Dr. FaustusC. The Faerie QueeneD. Hamlet25. ____ gave new vigor to the blank verse with his “mighty lines” and make “blank verse” the principle vehicle of expression in drama.A. SurreyB. WyattC. MarloweD. Sidney26. The Renaissance refers to between 14th— mid-17th century, which was under the reign of Queen____ and absolute monarchy in England reached its summit, and in which the real mainstream was _____.A. Victoria/poetryB. Elizabeth/ dramaC. Mary/ novelD. James/ drama27. The Redcrosse Knight in The Faerie Queene stands for_____, and Una stands for_____.A. bravery/ chastityB. holiness/ truthC. error/ deliveryD. true gentleman/ lady.28. Which of the following is NOT regarded as one of the characteristics of Renaissance?A. Rediscovery of ancient Roman and Greek culture.B. Attempt to remove the old feudalist ideas in Medieval Europe.C. Exaltation of man’s pursuit of happiness in his life, and tolerance of man’s foibles.D. Praise of man’s efforts in soul delivery and personal salvation.29. “The slings and arrows of outrageous fortune” is an example of ______.A. MetaphorB. SimileC. IronyD. Personification30. Paradise Lost is actually a story taken from_____.A. Greek MythologyB. Roman legendC. The Old TestamentD. The New Testament31. “To wage by force or guile eternal war,Irreconcilable to our grand Foe.”（John Milton, Paradise lost）By what means were Satan and his followers to wage this war against God?_____A. To remove God from his throneB. To burn the Heaven DownC. To corrupt God’s creation of man and woman—Adam and EveD. To turn into a snake to threaten man’s life32. _____, the first of the great tragedies, is generally regarded as Shakespeare’s most popular play on the stage, for it has the qualities of a “blood-and-thunder” thriller and a“philosophical exploration” of life and death.A. The Merchant of VeniceB. HamletC. King LearD. The Winter’s Tale33. Christoph er Marlow’s “The Passionate Shepherd to His Love” is a (n) _____.A. pastoral lyricB. elegyC. eulogyD. epic34. “In dream vision Arthur witnessed the loveliness of Gloriana, and upon awaking resolves to seek her.” The two literary figures Arthur and Gloriana are from _____.A. Edmund Spenser’s The Faerie QueeneB. William Shakespeare’s Romeo and JulietC. Christop her Marlowe’s “The Passionate Shepherd to His love”D. John Donne’s “A Valediction: Forbidding Mourning”35. Dr. Faustus is a play based on the German legend of a magician aspiring for ______ and finally meeting his tragic end as a result of selling his soul to the Devil.A. immortalityB. politicalC. moneyD. knowledge36. The Renaissance is actually a movement stimulated by a series of historical events, which one of the following is NOT such an event? ______A. The rediscovery of ancient Roman and Greek culture.B. The Glorious revolution.C. New discovery in geography and astrology.D. The religious reformation and the economic expansion.37. The sentence “Shall I compare thee to a summer’s day?” is the beginning line of one of Shakespeare’s ______.A. comediesB. tragediesC. historiesD. sonnets38. “So long as men can breathe, or eyes can see, / So long lives this, and this gives life to thee.” (Shakespeare, Sonnet 18) What does “this” refer to? _____A. LoverB. TimeC. SummerD. Poetry39. The tragedy of Dr. Faustus, the protagonist in Christopher Marlowe’s The Tragic History of Dr. Faustus, is the very face that______.A. man is confined to timeB. he tried to join Africa to SpainC. he became a man without soul after he sold itD. he conjured up Helen, the lady who was the very course of the Trojan War40. Here are two lines from a ling poem: “Upon a great adventure he was bond, That greatest Gloriana to him gave.” The poem must be_____.A. BeowulfB. John Milton’s Samson AgonistesC. Thomas Gray’s “Elegy Written in a County Churchyard”D. Edmund Spenser’s The Faerie Queene41. “Bassanio: Antonio, I am married to a wifeWhich is as dear to me as life itself;But life itself, my wife, and all the world,Are not with me e steem’d above thy life;I would lose all, ay, sacrifice them all,Here to the devil, to deliver you.Portia: Your wife would give you little thanks for that,If she were by to hear you make the offer.”The above is a quotation taken from Shakespeare’s come dy The Merchant of Venice. The quoted part can be regarded as a good example to illustrate ______A. dramatic ironyB. personificationC. allegoryD. symbolism42. “Not on thy sole but on thy soul, harsh Jew, /Thou mak’st thy knife keen.” In the above quotation taken from The Merchant of Venice, Shakespeare employs a(n) _____.A. oxymoronB. PunC. SimileD. synecdoche43. “O prince, O chief of many throned powers,That led th’ embattled seraphim to warUnder thy conduct, and in dreadful deedsFearless, endangered Heaven’s perpetual King.”In the third line of the above passage quoted from Milton’s Paradise Lost, the phrase “the conduct” refers to conduct.A. Satan’sB. God’sC. Adam’sD. Eve’sII. Fill in the blanks.1. According t o Edmund Spenser’s own explanation, his The Faerie Queene is a “_______ poem”, but it is also a(n )_______.2. In The Faerie Queene, the hero of heroes, who possesses all of the 12 ______, is ______, who is to play a role in each of the 12 major adventures, which has its own individual hero.3. It is Spenser’s idealism, his love of beauty, and his exquisite melody that make him known as “ __________.”4. As the most gifted of the “_________”, Christopher Marlowe composed ______ plays within his short lifetime.5. It was Christopher Marlowe who made __________ the principal medium of English drama.6. The short poem “The Passionate Shepherd to His Love” by Christopher Marlowe, derives from the ______ tradition in which the shepherd enjoys an ideal ______ life, cherishing a pastoral and pure affection for his love.7. Marlowe created some typical Renaissance hero in his players. Tamburlaine and Faustus seek _______ and ________ respectively.8. With his ______ plays, ______ sonnets and 2 long poems, William Shakespeare has established his giant position in world literature.9. William Shakespeare’s _______ tragedy Romeo and Juliet eulogizes the faithfulness of ______ and the spirit of pursuing happiness.10. Hamlet, Othello, King Lear, and _______ are generally regarded as Shakespeare’s four great tragedies.11. _______, an elaborate and fantastic story, is known as the best of the final romances written by William Shakespeare.12. In “Sonnet 18”, Shakespeare has a profound meditation on the destructive power of______ and the eternal ______ brought forth by poetry to the one he loves.13. ______ is generally regarded as Shakespeare’s most popular play on the stage, for it has the qualities of a “blood- and- thunder” thriller and a philosophical exploration of life and death.14.The sentence “To be or not to be--- that is the question” is derived from Shakespeare’s ______. This is the soliloquy of ______.15. Shakespeare’s _______ plays are mainly written under the principle that national unity under a mighty and just sovereign is a necessity.16. Francis Bacon, a representative of the Renaissance in England, is a well-known ______, scientist and ______. He lays the foundation for modern ______ with his insistence on scientific way of thinking and fresh observation rather than authority as a basis for obtaining ______. His ______ is the first example of the genre in English literature, recognized as an important landmark in the development of ______ prose. 17. John Milton’s literary achievements can be divided into three groups, the early ______ works, the middle prose pamphlets and the last great ______.18. Paradise Lost is a long ______ divided into 12 books. The original story is taken from the “Genesis ” of the ______.19. In Samson Agoniste, a fitting close to the life work of the poet himself, Milton, again borrows his story from the “______”.20. The theme of Paradise Lost is “the Fall of ______”.21. Milton’s epic poems were very much influenced by the ______ and the Greek classics, which are also the major sources of the whole English literature.22.•After •he •went •blind,•Milton •wrote •and •finished ••his ••three ••great ••works:•epic masterpieces_________and ________and one biblical tragedy ___________.23.Shakespeare’s first original play written in about 1590 was _________.24.The Tragical History of Doctor Faustus is one of _______’s best known sonnets.25.Absolute monarchy in England reached its summit during the reign of ______.26.Bacon’s works may be divided into three classes, the ______, the _______, the_______ works.27.Together with the development of bourgeois relationships and formation of theEnglish national state this period is marked by a flourishing of national culture known as the _______.28.Edmund Spenser was the author of the greatest epic poem of _______.III. Find out the author and his works.(1) The author and their works1. ( ) Thomas More a. Gorge Green2. ( ) Edmund Spenser b. Eupheus3. ( ) John Lyly c. The Fairy Queen4. ( ) Marlowe d. Utopia5. ( ) Robert Greene e. The Jew of Malta(2) The characters in the play1. ( ) Desdemona a. The Merchant of Venice2. ( ) Cordelia b. As you like it3. ( ) Juliet c. Hamlet4. ( ) Ophelia d. King Lear5. ( ) Portia e. Othello6. ( ) Rosalind f. Romeo and JulietIV. For each of the quotations below give the name of the author and the title of the work which it is taken and then briefly interpret it.1. “So long as men can breathe or eyes can see, //So long lives this, and this gives life to thee.”2.“Reading maketh a full man; conference a ready man; and wr iting an exact man”.3. “For thy sweet love rememb’red such wealth brings,// That then I scorn to change my state with kings.”4. “Their chief use for delight, is in privateness and retiring; for ornament, is in discourse; and for ability, is in the judgm ent, and disposition of business.”5. All is not lost: the unconquerable will,And the study of revenge, immortal hate,And courage never to submit or yield,And what is else not to be overcome?6.When, in disgrace with Fortune and men’s eyes,I all alone beweep my outcast state,And trouble deaf heaven with my bootless cries,And look upon myself and curse my fate…..V. Explain the following terms.1. Renaissance2. blank verse3. Humanism4. Spenserian Stanza5. iambic pentametre6. sonnet7. tragedyVI. Read each quoted part and answer the questions.1. “For herein Fortune shows herself more kindThan is her custom. It is still her useTo let the wretched man outlive his wealth,To view with hollow eye and wrinkled browAn age of poverty; from which ling’ring penanceOf such misery doth she cut me off”Questions:1) Identify the title of the works and author.2) Explain “from which…cut me off”.3) What happened to him, which caused the words?2. “Read not to contract and confuse, not to believe and take for granted, nor to find talk and discourse, but to weigh and consider”Questions:1) Identify the work and author.2) What idea does the passage express?3. “Nor lose possession of that fair thou ow’st;Nor shall death brag thou wander’st in his shade,When in eternal lines to time thou grow’st:So long as men can breathe, or eyes can see,So long lives this, and this gives life to thee.Questions:1) Where does the poem come from? Who wrote it?2) What does “eternal lines” mean?3) Interpret it briefly.4. “… All is no lost: the unconquerable will,And study of revenge, immortal hate,And courage never to submit or yield:And what is else not to be overcome?……Irreconcilable to our grand Foe”Questions:1) Please identify the poem and the poet.2) In terpret “all is not lost”.3) What does the whole passage mean?5. “If he be not apt to beat over matters, let him study the lawyer’s cases. So every defect of the mind may have a special receipt.”Questions:1) What does “beat over matters” mean?2) Wh at does “receipt” refer to?3) From which essay does the above sentences come, what is the essay mainly about? 6. “What, is great Mephistophilis to passionateFor being deprived of the joys of heaven?Learn thou of Faustus manly fortitudeAnd scorn those joys thou never shalt possess.……Say he will spare him Four and twenty yearsLetting him live in all voluptuousnessHaving thee ever to attend on me…”Questions:1) Identify the passage and author;2) “Say he surrenders up to him his soul”, who will sur render his soul? What for?3) Who are thee? What will he do?7. “Busy old fool, unruly sun,Why does thou thus,Through windows and through curtains call on us?”Questions:1) Identify the work and author.2) What idea does the passage express?8. “And the native hue of resolution/Is sicklied o’er with the pale cast of thought.”(Shakespeare, Hamlet)Questions:1) What does the "native hue of resolution" mean?2) What does the "pale cast of thought" stand for?3) What idea do the two lines express?9. The following passage is taken from The Merchant of Venice. Read it carefully and find the dramatic it contains. Use it as an example to illustrate what dramatic irony is. “Bassanio: Antonio, I am married to a wife Which is as dear to me as life itself; But life itself, my wife, and all world, Are not with me esteem’d above thy life; I would lose all, ay, sacrifice them all Here to this devil, to deliver you. Portia: Your wife would give you little thanks for that, If she were by to hear you make the offe r.”10. The following is a passage taken from a dramatic work:Had I as many souls as there be starsI’d give them all for Mephistophilis!By him I’ll be great emperor of the world,And make a bridge thorough the moving airTo pass the ocean with a band of men;I’ll join the hills that bind the Afric shoreAnd make that country continent to Spain,And both contributory to my crown;The emperor shall not live but by my leave,Nor any potentate of Germany.Now that I have obtained what I desireI’ll live in speculation of this artTill Mephistophilis return again.Questions:1) Name the playwright and the title of the work from which the passage is taken.2) Name the speaker of the passage quoted above.3) Use the above passage as a guide and write down in one or two sentences the theme of the play.VI. Answer the following questions.1. Give a summary about the English literature during the Renaissance period.2. Make a comment on humanism.3. Give a brief introduction to Thomas More’s Utopia.4. Why is The Faerie Queene regarded as an allegorical poem?5. What are the main qualities of Spenser’s poetry?6. Which play is Christopher Marlowe’s masterpiece? What is the story of the play?7. What common features do the characters share in Marlow’s works?8. Mak e a comment on Shakespeare’s artistic achievement.9. What are the main themes of Shakespeare’s plays?10. What are the similarities among Shakespeare’s four great tragedies?11. When were Shakespeare’s main tragedies written? What did he write about in his tragedies?12. What is the main idea of Hamlet?13. Please give a brief analysis of Hamlet’s “To be or not to be” soliloquy.14. In Hamlet’s soliloquy, when he says, “To sleep, perchance to dream: ----ay, there’s the rub.” What is he primarily thinking a bout? Why does he think there is the rub?15. Make a comment on Shakespeare’s Sonnet 18.16. Make a brief comment on John Milton’s literary achievements.17. Briefly analyse the significance and the theme of Paradise Lost.18. Please comment on the character of Satan in Paradise Lost.。
新编英国文学选读复习资料
新编英国⽂学选读复习资料En glish Lite ra ture a nd the Se le cte d Re adingsDevelopmentof EnglishLiterature1.EarlyandMedievalEnglishliterature(-1485)2.TheEnglishRenaissance(1550-1642?)3.The17thCentury–ThePeriodofRevolutionandRestoration 4 . The 1 8thCentury–T h e AgeofEnlightenm ent5.TheRomanticPeriod(1798-1832)6.TheVictorianAge(1832-1901)7.Th e20t hCen t uryLit erat ure–Mod ern is man dPo st-Mod ern ismChapter1EarlyandMedievalEnglishliterature⼀．Epic （史诗）Apoemthatcelebrateintheformofacontinuousnarrativetheachievementsofone ormoreheroicpersonagesof historyortradition. AmongthegreatepicsoftheworldmaybementionedtheIliad,OdysseyandAeneidof classical.Be owulf1.HistoricalBackground1)) Thre e Invasions:A.The Rom a n Conq u e st ( 5 5B. C - 4 10 A.D)B.The English Conqu e s t ( The Anglo-Sa xon Period)C.TheNormanConquest(TheAnglo-NormanPeriod)2)) Tw o Wars:A.TheHundredYearsWar(1337-1453)B.TheWarof theRose(1455-1485)a.Anglo-SaxonPoetry: Pagan(异教的）&ChristianBeowulf /worksofCaedmonandCynewulf.b.Anglo-NormanPoetry:Romancec.Poe try in Age of Cha u cer：d..PopularBallads:BalladsofRobinHood2.评价1）Beowulfisanationalepic（史诗）ofEnglishpeople.2）ItistherepresentativeworkoftheearlyEnglishliteraturewith3000lines.3）Itswriterisunknown.4）BeowulfisafolklegendbroughttoEnglandbytheAngloSaxonfromtheirprimitiveNorthernEurope.5）Beowulfwaspasseddownfrommouthtomouth. 6）Beowulfwaswrittendowninthe10th century.3.Charactersinthestory:Beowulf:anephewofkingofGents,apeopleinDenmark.Hrothgar:kinGre nde l: a m onster.She-monster(⼥妖怪):Grende l’s mother.Dra go n:a fire dra gon, a m onster.4.OutlineofTheSongofBeowulfTe u tonic(⽇⽿曼的） h e ro Be ow u lf, the ne phe w of the king of the Ge a t la nd, he lpe d Hrothga r kill them onste r ha lf-hu m a n ,Gre nd e l a s w e ll a s his viciou s m oth e r. W ith his he roic de e ds, he w a s m a de the kingofScyldings(Sweden)for50years. Theninordertogainmoretreasurefor hispeople,he foughthardwitha fieryfiredrakeandwasdeadlywounded,eventuallydied.Hislastwillwastoaskhispeopletobuildhistombintoabeaconfortheseafarerswhosailedalongt hecoast. 5.ThewritingfeaturesofBeowulf?1）Themostimportantisinalliterative(头韵的)verseandinartisticform.Eg：Thus made their mourning the men ofGeatland,Fo rtheirh ero’sp assin g,h ish earth-comp an io n s2）Anotheristhefrequentuseofmetaphorsandunderstatements(低调陈述)forironicalhumor.ring-giver:kinghearth-companions:attendantwarriors whale’s r oad:sea-wood:nottroublesome:verywell⼆Romance（传奇）1．介绍1）Theliteraturefortheupper class2）Alongcompositioninverseorprose,about knights—adventures3）Subjectmatters:about thematterofBritain,thematerofFrance,thematterofRome4）content:lovechivalryandreligion5）骑⼠精神：loyalty,bravely.honesty2 .代表作1 ） King Arthur a nd His Knights of the Round Ta ble :the most importa nt roma nce of the pe riod2）Sir GawainandtheGreenKnight:Thebest Arthurian romance,anonymous,inalliterativeverseItscharacters:KingArthur, SirGawain,theGreenKnight三Ballad（民谣）1.Aballadisastorytoldinsong,usuallyin4-linestanzas,withthe2ndand4thrhymed.2.TheSubjectsofEnglishBallads1)struggleofyounglovers2)theconflictbetweenloveandwealth3)thecrueltyofjealousy4 ) the criticism of th e civil war5)themattersofclassstruggle3.代表作Robinhoodballads四．Ge offre y Cha ucer1.评价1）ThefirstgreatEnglishpoet2）ThefatherofEnglishpoetry2.Chauce r’s threeliterary periods:1 ）Th e first or th e Fre nch period:TheRomauntoftheRose《玫瑰传奇》atranslation,popularinMiddleagesTheBookoftheDuchess《悼公爵夫⼈》 , thebest w orkofthe t im e Chauce r’s literarycare er 2）ThesecondortheItalianperiod: TroilusandCriseyde《特罗伊拉斯和克莱西德》apoemofalovestory3）ThethirdortheEnglishperiod,hisbestperiod:TheCanterburyTales《坎特伯雷故事集》,ismasterpieceandarepresentativeworksof theMiddleAges.The Ca nte rbury Ta les1.OutlineIt op e ns w ith a ge ne ra l prologu e w he re w e a re told of a com pa ny of pilgrim s , 3 2 one s th a t ga the re d atTa b a rd Inn in Sou th w a rk, a su bu rb of Londo n. The y a re on the ir w a y to the shrine of St. Thom a s Be cke tatCanterbury.Theysetouttogetherwiththejollyinnkeeper,HarryBaily,whoproposedthateachpilgrimshouldtelltwotalesonthewayto Canterburyandtwomoreonthewayback.But,totallyonly24talesarefinished.The pilgrim s a re from va riou s pa rts of Engla nd, re pre se n ta t ive s of a ll w a lks of life a nd socia l grou ps,knights,monks,widowsandpriestetc.Hisworkshowedastrikinglybrilliantandpicturesquepanoramaofhistimeandhiscountry.2.Ch aucer’slan g uag e:1)Hislanguageisfullofhumorandsatire.2)Hislanguageisvivid,exactandsmooth,amasterofword-pictures.3) He is the first to u se h e roic co uple t w hich he introduce d from Fra nce.4)He is the first gre a t poe t w ho w rote in the English la ngu a g e , m a king the dia le ct of London the sta n d a rdforthemodernEnglishspeech.Ps:1.Wh atist h e?heroicco uplet??Th e h e roic cou ple t is a ve rse form in e pic poe try, w ith lin e s of te n sylla ble s a nd five stre sse s , in rhymingpairs.(英雄诗体：⽤于史诗或叙事诗，每⾏⼗个⾳节，五个⾳部，每两⾏押韵。
The Passionate Shepherd to His Love
The Passionate Shepherd to His Love牧羊恋歌•Come live with me and be my love,请做我的恋人与我同在，•And we will all the pleasures prove我们将会亲历这所有的欢愉——•That valleys, groves, hills, and fields,无论是在深谷峭涯，在丛林小山，还是在田野深林。
•Woods, or steepy mountain yields.•And we will sit upon the rocks,我们依靠在山石之上•Seeing the shepherds feed their flocks,远眺牧童们放养羊群•By shallow rivers, to whose falls在水之湄•Melodious birds sing madrigals悦耳的鸟儿鸣唱牧羊恋歌。
•And I will make thee beds of roses我将为你铺好玫瑰的花床，•And a thousand fragrant posies,配上成千馥郁的花束，•A cap of flowers and a kirtle着上一顶花饰的小帽，•Embroidered all with leaves of myrtle穿戴绣满桃金娘叶的短裳。
•A gown made of the finest wool一件细羊毛织成的长裙•Which from our pretty lambs we pull;来自我们可爱的小羊羔身上；•Fair lined slippers for the cold,一双漂亮的衬绒软鞋为你御寒，•With buckles of the purest gold;上面有纯金的鞋扣；•A belt of straw and ivy buds,在一条由麦草和常春藤蓓蕾编成的腰带上，•With coral clasps and amber studs:有珊瑚做钩，琥珀做扣；•And if these pleasures may thee move,若是这些欢愉能令你心动，•Come live with me and be my love.请做我的恋人，与我同栖。
the passionate shepherd to his love英语全文 -回复
the passionate shepherd to his love英语全文-回复主题：分析和解读《The Passionate Shepherd to His Love》一、引言（约200字）《The Passionate Shepherd to His Love》（热情的牧羊人致他所爱之人）是英国文艺复兴时期诗人克里斯托弗·马洛的一首著名诗歌。
这首诗以其美丽的语言和浪漫的意象，描绘了一个牧羊人向他心爱的人表达爱意的情景。
本文将对该诗进行全面的分析和解读，以展示其中蕴含的浪漫主题和其对于文艺复兴时期社会背景的反映。
二、诗歌结构和韵律（约200字）《The Passionate Shepherd to His Love》是一首六节四行每节四个诗行的诗歌，构成了一个完整的十六行的格式。
每一行都以强烈的押韵形式（AABB）结尾，营造了一种旋律感。
这种结构和韵律的选择使得整首诗读起来流畅而富有韵律感，有力地传达了诗人的激情。
三、主题和意象（约500字）《The Passionate Shepherd to His Love》的主题可以概括为对爱情的追求和对自然的赞美。
诗人通过描绘美丽的自然环境，以及牧羊人对他所爱的人物的言辞表白，传达了他对于完美爱情的渴望。
诗中出现了丰富的自然意象，如绿草如茵、山谷、溪流等，这些意象在文艺复兴时期被广泛使用，代表着对田园生活和纯洁的追求。
四、诗人的态度和情感（约500字）马洛通过牧羊人的口吻，表达了对于爱情的热情和向往，这种态度充满了希望、渴望和梦想。
同时，他的语言也透露出对于现实生活的逃避和对纯洁爱情的迷恋。
然而，这种超乎现实的浪漫主义观念与文艺复兴时期社会背景的世俗现实相悖。
正如英国文艺复兴时期社会的暴露和冷漠，马洛对于爱情的渴望和追求也只能成为一种理想化的美好幻想。
五、文艺复兴时期的背景和影响（约400字）《The Passionate Shepherd to His Love》是克里斯托弗·马洛于1599年创作的一首诗，正值英国文艺复兴时期。
the passionate shepherd to his love赏析
the passionate shepherd to his love赏析“ThePassionateShepherdtoHisLove”是英国十七世纪诗人克莱门斯马克斯（ChristopherMarlowe）所著的一首短诗。
该诗描述一位恋人以充满热情的言词，对情人告诉他什么会发生，如果他愿意跟他携手一起生活。
这首诗表达了一个有条理的图景，描述了一个远离城市的乡村生活，与大自然的和谐美景，以及当两个人在一起的美好愿景。
诗的前五行描述了一个充满美景的乡村，满足着一切天然需求。
诗中提及的乡村生活充满了自然美景，湖水清澈湛蓝，树木葱郁，泉水轻轻涌动，绿草和云彩在湛蓝的天空下飘荡。
此外，马克斯让幻想更加美丽，仿佛来自仙境，这都是他特立独行的手法，注入古典诗歌的艺术激情。
紧接着，诗人以令人倾倒的言语，温柔而热情地告知他的爱，要到他的乡村来，带来他的心，他会盖草屋，铺上草环，为他们整治美轮美好的胜地，并给她献上令人舒适的物品，如金饰、珠宝、针织衫和花环，使恋人眼前一亮。
此外，诗人还详细描述了两个恋人在这乡村小屋中度过的美好体验。
他们会走过河边，站在山顶，享受清新的空气从山谷间迎面扑来，感受花园中缕缕清泉，看着五彩缤纷的鸟飞来飞去，听到细微的鸣叫声，于是白天和夜晚就一去不复返了。
同样重要的是，这首诗还表达了恋人之间永恒的爱，诗人希望他们在冬天和夏天里都能一起生活，并称他们的心中没有分别。
这说明，对于诗人来说，他们之间的爱比金钱和物质还要更加宝贵，而且他们共同追求的是一种深爱，而不仅仅是短暂的欢乐。
“The Passionate Shepherd to His Love”是一首优美的精灵诗，深深吸引读者的心。
克莱门斯马克斯以浪漫和充满乡村气息的言语，营造出一副梦幻般的景象，带着强烈的爱情激情，对彼此表达了浓浓的爱意。
这首诗激发了人们梦想的能量，还原了恋人间真挚的爱情，让每个人都能感受到生活的美好。
英美文学选读试题及答案
英美文学选读试题Ⅰ.Multiple Choice (40 points in all, 1 for each)Select from the four choices [A],[B],[C],[D] of each item the one that best answers the question or completes the statement and write the letter on the answer sheet.1.Romance,which uses narrative verse or prose to tell stories of ___ adventures or other heroic deeds, is a popular literary form in the medieval period.A.Christian2.Among the great Middle English poets, Geoffrey Chaucer is known for his production of ___.A.Piers PlowmanB.Sir Gawain and the Green KnightC.Confessio AmantisD.The Canterbury Tales3.Which of the following historical events does not directly help to stimulate the rising of the Renaisssance Movement?A.The rediscovery of ancient Greek and Roman culture.B.The new discoveries in geography and astrology.C.The Glorious revolution.D.The religious reformation and the economic expansion.4.Which of the following statements best illustrates the theme of Shakespeare's Sonnet 18?A.The speaker eulogizes the power of Nature.B.The speaker satirizes human vanity.C.The speaker praises the power of artistic creation.D.The speaker meditates on man's salvation.5.“And we will sit upon the rocks,/Seeing the shepherds f eed their flocks,/By shallow rivers to whose falls/Melodious birds sing madrigals.〞The above lines are probably taken from __.A.Spenser's The Faerie QueeneB.John Donne's “The Sun Rising〞C.Shakespeare's “Sonnet 18”D.Marlowe's “The Passionate Shepherd to His Love〞6.“Bassanio:Antonio,I am married to a wifeWhich is as dear to me as life itself;But life itself, My wife, and all the world.Are not with me esteem'd above thy life;I would lose all, ay, sacrifice them all,Here to the devil, to deliver you.Portia:Your wife would give you little thanks for that,If she were by to hear you make the offer.〞The above is a quotation taken from Shakespeare's comedy The Merchant of Venice.The quoted part can be regarded as a good example to illustrate ____.A.dramatic irony7.The ture subject of John Donne's poem,“The Sun Rising,〞is to ___.A.attack the sun as an unruly servantB.give compliments to the mistress and her power of beautyC.criticize the sun's intrusion into the lover's private lifeD.lecture the sun on where true royalty and riches lie8.Of all the 18thcentury novelists Henry Fielding was the first to set out, both in theory and practice, to write specificall y a “___ in prose,〞the first to give the modern novel its structure and style.A.tragic epic B ic epicC.romanceD.lyric epic9.The Houyhnhnms depicted by Jonathan Swift in Gulliver's Travels are ___.A.horses that are endowed with reasonB.pigmies that are endowed with admirable qualitiesC.giants that are superior in wisdomD.hairy,wild, low and despicable creatures, who resemble human beings not only in appearance but also in some other ways.10.Here are four lines from a literary work:“Others for language all their care express,/And value books,as women men, for dress.〞The work is ___.A.Thomas Gray's “Elegy Written in a Country Churchyard〞B.John Milton's Paradise LostC.Alexander Pope's Essay on CriticismD.Shakespeare's Midsummer Night's Dream11.The phrase “to urge people to abide by Christian doctrines and to seek salvation through constant struggles with their own weaknesses and all kinds of social evils〞may well sum up the implied meaning of ___.A.Gulliver's TravelsB.The Rape of the LockC.Robinson CrusoeD.The pilgrim's Progress12.William Wordsworth, a romantic poet, advocated all the following EXCEPT ___.A.the use of everyday language spoken by the common peopleB.the expression of the spontaneous overflow of powerful feelingsC.the use of humble and rustic life as subject matterD.the use of elegant wording and inflated figures of speech13.Which of the following is taken from John Keats’ “Ode on a Grecian Urn〞?A.“I fall upon the thorns of life! I bleed!〞B.“They are both gone up to the church to pary.〞C.“Earth has not anything to show more fair.〞D.“Beauty is truth, truth beauty〞.14.“If Winter comes, can Spring be far behind!〞is an epigrammatic line by __.A.J.KeatsB.W.BlakeC.W.Wordsworth15.“Ode o na Grecian Urn〞shows the contrast between the ___ of art and the ___ of human passion.A.glory …uglinessB.permanence…transienceC.transience…sordidnessD.glory…permanence16.In the statement“—oh,God! would you like to live with your soul in the grave?〞the term“soul〞apparently refers to ___.A.Heathcliff himselfC.one's spiritual lifeD.one's ghost17.The typical feature of Robet Browning's poetry is the ___.A.bitter satirerger-than-life caricaturetinized dictionD.dramatic monologue18.The Victorian Age was largely an age of ____,eminently represented by Dickens and Thackeray.A.poetryB.drama D.epic prose19.___is the first important governess(家庭女教师) novel in the English literary history.A.Jane EyreHeights20.The major concern of ______ fiction lies in the tracing of the psychological development of his characters and in his energetic criticism of the dehumanizing effect of the capitalist industrialization on human nature.wrence'sB.J.Galsworthy'sC.W.Thackeray’sD.T.Hardy’s21.___is considered to be the best-known English dramatist since Shakespeare, and his representative works are plays inspired by social criticism.A.Richard SheridanB.Oliver GoldsmithC.Oscar WildeD.Bernard Shaw22.Which of the following is NOT a typical feature of Modernism?A.To elevate the individual and inner being over the social being.B.To put the stress on traditional values.C.To portray the distorted and alienated relationships between man and his environment.D.To advocate a conscious break with the past.23.The Romantic writers would focus on all the following issues EXCEPT the ___ in the American literary histrory.A.individual feelingsB.idea of survival of the fittestC.strong imaginationD.return to nature24.Henry David Thoreau's work,__,has always been regarded as a masterpiece of New England Transcendentalism.B.The pioneersC.NatureD.Song of Myself25.The famous 20-years sleep in “Rip Van Winkle〞helps to construct the story in such a way that we are greatly affected by Irving's ___.A.concern with the passage of timeB.expression of transient beautyC.satire on laziness and corruptibility of human beingsD.idea about supernatural manipulation of man's life26.Walt whitman was a pioneering figure of American poetry.His innovation first of all lies in his use of __,poetry without a fixed beat or regular rhyme scheme.A.blank verseB.heroic coupletC.free verseD.iambic pentameter27.The literary characters of the American type in early 19th century are generally characterized by all the following features EXCEPT that they ___.A.speak local dialectsB.are polite and elegant gentlemenC.are simple and crude farmersD.are noble savages( red and white) untainted by society28.Hester Pryme, Dimmsdale,Chillingworth and Pearl are most likely the names of the characters in ___.A.The Scarlet LetterB.The House of the Seven GablestC.The Portrait of a LadyD.The pioneers29.“This is my letter to the World〞is a poetic expression of Emily Dickinson's __ about her communication with the outside world.A.indifferenceB.anger30.With Howells,James,and Mark Twain active on the literary scene, __ became the major trend in American literature in the seventies and eighties of the 19thcentury.31.After The adventures of Tom Sawyer, Twain gives a literary independence to Tom's buddy Huck in a book entitled ___.A.Life on the MississippiB.The Gilded AgeC.The Adventures of Huckleberry FinnD.A Connecticut Yankee in King Arthur's Court32.However,___,the keynote of Daisy Miller's character,turns out to be an admiring but a dangerous quality and her defiance of social taboos in the Old World finally brings her to a disaster in the clash between two different cultures.C.worldliness33.Generally speaking,all those writers with a naturalistic approach to human reality tend to be ___.A.transcendentalists34.Emily Dickinson wrote many short poems on various aspects of life.Which of the following is NOT a usual subject of her poetic expression?A.Religion and immortality.B.Life and death.C.Love and marriage.D.War and peace.35.In “After Apple-Picking,〞Robert Frost wrote:“For I have had too much/Of applepicking:I am overtired/Of the great harvestI myself desired.〞From these lines we can conclude that the speaker is ___.A.happy about the harvestB.still very much interested in apple-pickingC.expecting a greater harvestD.indifferent to what he once desired36.Chinese poetry and philosophy have exerted great influence over ____.A.Ezra PoundB.Ralph Waldo EmersonC.Robert FrostD.Emily Dickinson37.The Hemingway Code heroes are best remembered for their __.A.indestructible spirtieB.pessimistic view of life38.IN The Emperor Jones and The Hairy Ape,O'Neill adopted the expressionist techniques to portray the ___ of human beings in a hostile universe.A.helpless situationC.profound religious faithD.courage and perseverance39.In Hemingway's “Indian Cmap〞,Nick's night trip to the Indian village and his experience inside the hut can be taken as ____.A.an essential lesson about Indian tribesB.a confrontation with evil and sinC.an initiation to the harshness of lifeD.a learning process in human relationship40.which of the following statements about Emily Grierson, the protagonist in Faulkner's story “A Rose for Emily,〞is NOT true?A.She has a distorted personality.B.She is physically deformed and paralyzed.C.She is the symbol of the old values of the South.D.She is the victim of the past glory.PART TWOⅡ.Reading Comprehension (16 points, 4 for each)Read the quoted parts carefully and answer the questions in English.Write your answer in the corresponding space on the answer sheet.41.“Her eyes met his and he looked away.He neither believed nor disbelieved her,but he knew that he had made a mistake in asking;he never had known,never would know,what she was thinking.The sight of her inscrutable face,the thought of all the hundreds of evenings he had seen her sitting there like that,soft and passive,but so unreadable, unknown, enraged him beyond measure.〞Questions:A.Identify the writer and the work.B.What does the phrase “inscrutable face〞mean?C.What idea does the quoted passage express?42.“And when I am formulated,sprawling on a pin,When I am pinned and wriggling on the wall.Then how should beginTo spit out all the butt-ends of my days and ways.〞Questions:A.Identify the poem and the poet.B.What does the phrase “butt-ends〞mean?C.What idea does the quoted passage express?43.“God knows,…I'm not myself—I'm somebody else—…and I'm changed,and I can't tell what's my name,or who I am.〞Questions:A.Identify the work and the author.B.The speaker says he is changed.Do you think he is changed, or the social environment has changed?C.What idea does the quoted sentence express?44.“I shall be telling this wi th a sighSomewhere ages and ages hence:Two roads diverged in a wood, and I—I took the one less traveled by,And that has made all the difference.〞Questions:A.Idenfity the poem and the poet.B.What does the phrase “ages and ag es hence〞mean?C.What idea does the quoted passage express?Ⅲ.Questions and Answers(24 points in all, 6 for each)Give brief answers to each of the following questions in English.Write your answers in the corresponding space on the answer sheet.45.As a rule,an allegory is story in verse or prose with a double meaning: a surface meaning,and an implied meaning.List two works as examples of allegory.What is an allegory usually concerned with by its implied meaning?46.Inspiration for the romantic approach initially came from two great shapers of thought.Who are the two?And what ideas they expressed inspire the romantic writers?47.The white whale,Moby Dick,is the most important symbol in Melville's novel.What symbolic meaning can you draw from it?48.Nature is a philosophic work, in which Emerson gives an explicit discussion on his idea of the Qversoul.What is your understanding of Emersonian “Oversoul〞?Ⅳ.Topic Discussion(20 points in all, 10 for each)Write no less than 150 words on each of the following topics in English in the corresponding space on the answer sheet.49.How is Romanticism different from Neoclassicism?Provide brief evidence from the literary works you know best.50.Summerize the story of Mark twain's The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn in about 100 words,and comment on the theme of the novel.Ⅱ.Reading Comprehension (16 points, 4 for each)41.A.John Galasworthy:The Man of Property.B.A face does not show any emotion or reaction so that it is impossible to know how that person is feeling or what he is thinking about.C.it presents the inner mind of Soames in face of his wife's coldness.He can never know what is on his wife's mind because the makeup of his and her mentality is different.His wife Irene, whose mind is romantically inclined, is disgusted with her husband's possessiveness.Being unable to read his wife's mind is as good as saying that he really can't regard her as his property- this is the very reason why he is enraged beyond measure.42.A.T.S.Eliot:“The Love So ng of J.Alfred Pruforck.〞B.The ends of cigarettes,meaning trivial things here.C.Here,Prufrock's inability to do anything against the society he is in is made strikingly clear by using a sharp comparison .Prufrock imagines himself as a kind of insect pinned on the wall and struggling in vain to get free.This image vividly shows Prufrock's current predicament.43.A.Washington Irving:“Rip Van Winkle〞.B.The social environment is changed.C.When Rip is back home after a period of 20 years,he finds thta everything has changed.All those old values are gone,and he can hardly feel at home in a changed society.One of the functions that Rip serves in the story is to provide a measuring stick forchange.It is through him that Irving drives home the theme that a desire for change,improvement,and progress could subvert stable society.44.A.Robert Frost:“The Road Not Taken〞.B.Many many years later.C.The speaker is telling his experience of making the choice of the roads.But he is conscious of the fact that his choice will have made all the difference in his life.He seems to be giving a suggestion to the reader.“Make good choice of your life.〞Ⅲ.Questions and Answers (24 points in all,6 for each)45.A.Buyan's pilgrim's Progress and Spenser's The Faerie Queene.B.It is usually concerned with moral ,religious,political,symbolic or mythical ideas.46.A.The French philosopher,Jean Jacques Rousseau and the German writer Johna Wolfgan von Goethe.B.It is Rousseau who established the cult of the individual and championed the freedom of the human spirit;his famous announcement was “I felt before I thought.〞Goethe and his compatriots extolled the romantic spirit.47.A.To Ahab,the whale is either an evil creature itself or the agent of an evil force that controls the universe,or perhaps both.B.To Ishmale,the whale is an astonishing force,an immense power,which defies rational explanation due to a sense of mystery it carries.It is beautiful,but malignant at the same time.It also represents the tremendous organic vitality of the universe,for it has a life force that surges onward irresistibly, impervious to the desires or wills of men.C.As to the reader, the whale can be viewed as a symbol of the physical limits that life imposes upon man.It may also be regarded as a symbol of nature, or an instrument of God's vengeance upon evil man.In general,the multiplicity and ambivalence of the symbolic meaning of the whale is such that it becomes a source of intense speculation, an object or profound curiosity for the reader.48.A.The Oversoul is believed to be an all-pervading power for goodness,omnipresent and omnipotent from which all things come and of which all are a part.It exists in nature and man alike and constitutes the chief element of the universe.B.According to Emerson,it is a supreme reality of mind, a spiritual unity of all beings, and a religion regarded as an emotional communication between an individual soul and the universal Over-soul of which it is a part.C.He holds that intuition is a more certain way of knowing than reason and that the mind could intuitively perceive the existence of the Oversoul and of certain absolutes.Ⅳ.Topic Discussion (20 points in all, 10 for each)49.a.Neoclassicists upheld that artistic ideals should be order,logic,restrained emoticon and accuracy,and that literature,should be judged in terms of its service to humanity,and thus,literary expressions should be of proportion,unity,harmony and grace.Pope's An Essay on Criticism advocates grace,wit (usually though satire/humour),and simplicity in language(and the poem itself is a demonstration of those ideals,too);Fielding's Tom Jones helped establish the form of novel;Gray's “Elegy Written in a Country Churchyard' displays elegance in style,unified structure,serious tone and moral instructions.b.Romanticists tended to see the individual as the very center of all experience,including art,and thus,literary work should be “spontaneous overflow of strong feelings,〞and no matter how fra gmentary those experiences were (Wordsworth's “I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud,〞or “The Solitary Reaper,) or Coleridge's “Keble Khan〞),the value of the work lied in the accuracy of presenting those unique feelings and particular attitudes.c.In a word, Neoclassicism emphasized rationality and form but Romanticism attached great importance to the individual's mind (emotion, imagination, temporary experience…)50.A.Mark Twain's novel The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn is a Sequa to The Adventures of Tom Sawyer.The Story takes place along the Mississippi River before the Civil War in the United States, around 1850.Along the river, floats a small raft, with two people on it; One is an ignorant,uneducated black slave named Jim and the other is little uneducated outcast white boy about the age of thirteen, called Huckleberry Finn or Huck Finn.The novel relates the story of the escape of Jim from slavery and ,more important, how Huck Finn, floating along with Jim and helping him as best he could, changes his mind ,his prejudice, about Black people, and comes to accept Jim as a man and as a close friends as well.During their journey, they experience a series of adventures:coming across two frauds, the “Duke〞and the “King〞,witnessing the lynching and murder of a harmless drunkard, being lost in a fog and finally Tom's coming to rescue. B.The theme of the novel may be best summed in a word “freedom〞: Huck wants to escape from the bond of civilization andJim wants to escape from the yoke of slavery.Mark Twain uses the raft's journey down the Mississippi River to express his thematic contrasts between innocence and experience, nature and culture, wilderness and civilizati。
the passionate shepherd to his love英语全文 -回复
the passionate shepherd to his love英语全文-回复[The Passionate Shepherd to His Love 英语全文]，以中括号内的内容为主题，写一篇1500-2000字的文章。
引言《The Passionate Shepherd to His Love》是一首由英国文学家克里斯托弗·马洛（Christopher Marlowe）创作的抒情诗。
这首诗以清新、激情的笔调表达了诗人对爱情的渴望和对田园生活的向往。
在这篇文章中，我们将深入探讨这首诗的主题、情感表达和文学特色，以及它在文学史上的地位。
诗歌背景克里斯托弗·马洛生活于16世纪的英格兰，是伊丽莎白时代文学的杰出代表之一。
这个时期是英国文学的黄金时代，文学作品呈现出活力和创新。
《The Passionate Shepherd to His Love》是马洛的代表作之一，被认为是英国文学史上最著名的爱情诗之一。
诗歌主题这首诗以一位热情奔放的牧羊人的口吻，向他深爱的女性展示了一个理想化的农村生活场景。
诗人通过描绘美丽的自然景色、宜人的气候和丰富的乡村生活，表达了对纯洁、甜蜜爱情的渴望。
主题主要集中在对爱情和自然的赞美上，展现了一种对理想生活的追求。
情感表达诗人通过诗歌中饱含热情的语言，表达了对爱情的强烈渴望。
牧羊人将自然与爱情相结合，将美好的景色与幸福的生活相联系，以打动他的心上人。
他描述了丰富的礼物，如羊群、美丽的花朵和各种各样的珠宝，以展示他对心爱女子的深情厚意。
然而，这种情感表达也带有一定的理想化成分。
诗中的牧羊人过于浪漫化了农村生活，忽略了现实可能存在的困难和挑战。
这使得诗歌中的情感更多地显现为一种理想中的幻想，而非切实可行的现实。
文学特色# 1. 田园诗特征《The Passionate Shepherd to His Love》具有明显的田园诗特征。
诗中展现了对自然、田园生活的向往，通过描绘宁静的乡村景色和舒适的生活，创造了一种宜人的氛围。
“The-Nymph’s-Reply-to-the-Shepherd”and-Marlowe’s-“
“T h e-N y m p h’s-R e p l y-t o-t h e-S h e p h e r d”a n d-M a r l o w e’s-“T h e-P a s s i o n a t e-S h e p h e r d-t o-H i s-L o v e.”(共11页)-本页仅作为预览文档封面，使用时请删除本页-the passionate shepherd to his love.madrigals were highly popular in England and elsewhere in Europe. However, the poem could be about any shepherd of any age in any country, for such is the universality of its theme.CharactersThe Passionate Shepherd: He importunes a woman—presumably a young and pretty country girl—to becomehis sweetheart and enjoy with him all the pleasuresthat nature has to offer.The Shepherd’s Love: The young woman who receives the Passionate Shepherd’s message.Swains: Young country fellows whom the Passionate Shepherd promises will dance for his beloved.Theme.......The theme of “The Passionate Shepherd” is the rapture of springtime love in a simple, rural setting. Implicit in this theme is the motif of carpe diem—Latin for “seize the day.” Carpe diem urges people to enjoy the moment without worrying about the future.Writing and Publication Information.......Marlowe wrote the poem in 1588 or 1589 while attending Cambridge University at its Corpus Christi College. It first appeared in print in poetry collections published in 1599 and 1600.Meter.......The meter is iambic tetrameter, with eight syllables (four iambic feet) per line. (An iambic foot consists of an unstressed syllable followed by a stressed syllable.) The following graphic presentation illustrates the meter of the first stanza.........1................2...............3 (4)Come LIVE..|..with ME..|..and BE..|..my LOVE,......1...............2...............3 (4)And WE..|..will ALL..|..the PLEA..|..sures PROVE........1.................2..................3. (4)That HILLS..|..and VALL..|..eys, DALE..|..and FIELD,......1..................2.................3.. (4)And ALL..|..the CRAG..|..gy MOUNT..|..ains YIELD.Rhyme.......In each stanza, the first line rhymes with the second, and the third rhymes with the fourth.Structure.......The poem contains seven quatrains (four-line stanzas) for a total of twenty-eight lines. Marlowe structures the poem as follows:Stanza 1:......The shepherd asks the young lady to "live with me and be my love," noting that they will enjoy all the pleasures of nature.Stanzas 2-4: The shepherd makes promises that he hopes will persuade the young lady to accept his proposal.Stanzas 5-7: After making additional promises, the shepherd twice more asks the lady to "live with me and be my love.".The Passionate Shepherd to His LoveBy Christopher MarloweCome live with me and be my Love,And we will all the pleasures prove1That hills and valleys, dale and field,And all the craggy mountains yield.There will we sit upon therocks (5)And see the shepherds feed their flocks, By shallow rivers, to whose falls Melodious birds singThere will I make thee beds of rosesAnd a thousand fragrant posies, (10)A cap of flowers, and a kirtle3 Embroider'd all with leaves ofA gown made of the finest woolWhich from our pretty lambs we pull,Fair linèd slippers for the cold, (15)With buckles of the purest gold.A belt of straw and ivy budsWith coral5 clasps and amber6 studs: And if these pleasures may thee move,Come live with me and be my Love (20)Thy silver dishes for thy meatAs precious as the gods do eat,Shall on an ivory table bePrepared each day for thee and me.The shepherd swains7 shall dance andsing (25)For thy delight each May-morning:If these delights thy mind may move,Then live with me and be my Love.Notes1...prove: test, try out2...madrigals: poems set to music and sungby two to six voices with.....a single melody or interweavingmelodies3...kirtle: dress or skirt4...myrtle: shrub with evergreen leaves,white or pink flowers, and dark.....berries. In Greek mythology, a symbolof love.5...coral: yellowish red;6...amber: yellow or brownish yellow7...swains: country youths....Figures of Speech.......Following are examples of figures of speech in the poem. AlliterationLine 2: And we will all the pleasures prove10 Step Poetry Explication Process1) TitleA nymph's reply to a statement made by a shepherd.2)Dramatic SitutaionSpeaker is the nymph (the young girl)The addressee is the shepherd3)SubjectThe nymph is responding to the proposal made by the shepherd. She contrasts the hypothetical world presented by the shepherd with reality. The nymph says that what makes the shepeherd's vision false is time and attacks his assumption that love and lovers will remain young.4) Images, Figures of Speech, Literary DevicesRaleigh uses the poetic devices that give Marowe's poem it's musicality. (as mockery)*alliteration- ex: "flocks from field to fold"*repition of intial consonant sounds- ex: "flowers" and "fade", "wayward" and "winter", "spring" and "sorrow", "fancy" and "fall"5) ToneRealisticIn Stanza 6 the tone changes to wishful with the word "but".The nymp wished the world could be immortal.6) Structurial DivisionsSix four line stanza containing two rhymed coupletsPredominant meter is iambic tetrameterex: If all/ the world/ and love/ were young...The speaker contasts the shepherd's vision with realities introduced by the word "but" -Point by point shows how everything withers and dies.****Parody-parallels The Passionate Shepherd to His Love in both form and contentRejects shepherd by stanza 5- "All these in me no means can move"In Stanza 6 a twist occurs. She says if the world were as the shepherd has promised.7) Rhyme Schemeaabb ccdd eeff gghh iibb jjbb8) TitleThe nymph's reply to the promises made by the shepherd9) ThemeThe poem is centrally concerned with responding to theinvitation by the Shepherd in The Passionate Shepherd to His Love.The poet wishes to addressee to know that his promises are not possible because time changes them.10) DictionFormal- ex: "thee", "thy"Connotative- The images are real, but are taken from the Passionate Shepherd to His love, and go beyond their meaning. The effect of time on these objects is representative of all change.Concrete- The words are specific and give a mental pictureex: "coral claps", "rivers rage"Cacophonous-ex: "rage", "gall", "sorrow", "forgotten", "rotten"Although there are many pleasant sounding words in the poem they are all dervied from the shepherd's promises.Share“The Nymph’s Reply to the Shepherd” is Sir Walter Raleigh’s response to a poem written by Christopher Marlowe, “The Passionate Shepherd to His Love.” In the Marlowe poem, the shepherd proposes to his beloved by portraying their ideal future together: a life filled wit h earthly pleasures in a world of eternal spring. Raleigh’s reply, however, debunks the shepherd’s fanciful vision. While Marlowe’s speaker promises nature’s beauty and a litany of gifts, Raleigh’s nymph responds that such promises could only remain valid “if all the world and love were young.” Thus, she introduces the concepts of time and change. In her world, the seasons cause the shepherd’s “shallow rivers” to “rage,” rocks to “grow cold” and roses to “fade.” The shepherd’s gifts might be desirable, but they too are transient: they “soon break, soon wither” and are “soon forgotten.” In the end, the nymph acknowledges that she would accept the shepherd’s offer “could youth last” and “had joys no date.” Like the shepherd, she longs for such things to be tru e, but like Raleigh, she is a skeptic, retaining faith only in reason’spower to discount the “folly” of “fancy’s spring.”"The Nymph's Reply to the Shepherd" was written by Sir Walter Raleigh in response to Christopher Marlowe's "The Passionate Shepherd to His Love". It could be considered a criticism, or atleast a negative reaction to the original poem, as the nymph is in fact rejecting the shepherd in question quite harshly, and includes many lines that are directly connected to propositions made in Marlowe's poem. Others read the poem as a critique of the entire pastoral convention, suggesting through its use of Philomel that women are denied a voice in the traditional literature. The last stanza, "But could youth last, and love still breed,/ Had joys no date, nor age no need,/ Then these delights my mind might move/ To live with thee and be thy love," suggests either that the nymph's rejection of the shepherd is related to her own feelings of mortality and the transience of life, or acceptance is predicated upon the impossible and, therefore,Raleigh's poem "The Nymph's Reply to the Shepherd" is a witty and well-written reply to Marlowe's more innocent "The Passionate Shepherd to His Love". Using similar images and metrics, Raleigh cleverly presents the nymph's world-weary response to the shepherd's new and childlike view of love.In Marlowe's poem, the shepherd reaches out to his love with a pastoral ballad. The piece is very beautiful, painting an idyllic scene wherein the shepherd and his love can roam at their will. The shepherd tells his love that he will give all for her if she would just live with him; together they will "all the pleasures prove" (2) and he would show her to a world where birds sing, the sun shines, and everything is serene and perfect. Even Marlowe's use of language contributes to his scene of happiness with which he tries to lure his love; the poem is written in iambic tetrameter couplets, giving it a lilting and song-like feel. He also employs alliteration quite often and to great effect; soft, rolling sounds like "we will" (2), "mind may move" (27), and "live with me and be my Love" (28) achieve a verbal approximation of the valleys and hills that he speaks of contextually.Pastoral lyric: Poetry that expresses emotions in an idyllic setting. It is related to the term "pasture," and is associated with shepherds writing music to their flocks. The tradition goes back to David in the Bible and Hesiod the Greek poet.The themes of the poem - carpe diem and the immediate gratification of their sexual passions.Love in the May countryside will be like a return to the Garden of Eden. There is a tradition that our problems are caused by having too many restrictions, by society. If we could get away from these rules, we could return to a prisitine condition of happiness. The "free love" movement of the 1960's was a recent manifestation of this utopian belief. If the nymph would go a-maying with the shepherd, they would have a perfect life.In quatrains (4 line stanzas) of iambic tetrameter (8 syllables per line, 4 measures per line with 2 syllables in each measure), the shepherd invites his beloved to experience the joys of nature.He hopes to return with the nymph to a Edenic life of free love in nature.Notes for "The Nymph's Reply to the Shepherd."Raleigh argues that it is not society that taints sexual love. We are already tainted before we enter society. Releigh combines carpe diem with tempus fugit in an unusual way. Normally we should sieze the day because time flies. Raleigh argues that because time flies, we should NOT sieze the day. There will be consequences to their roll in the grass. Time does not stand still; winter inevitably follows the spring; therefore, we cannot act on impulses until we have examined the consequences.The world is NOT young--we are not in Eden, but in this old fallen world - a world in which shepherds have actually been known to lie to their nymphs.This poem by Sir Walter Raleigh uses the same meter and references to present "mirror images" of Marlowe's poem. The feminine persona (the nymph) of the poem sets up a hypothetical set of questions that undermine the intelligence of the man's offer because all that he offers is transitory. She reverses his images into negative ones:rocks grow coldfields yield to the harvestthe flocks are driven to fold in winterrivers ragebirds complain of winter (a reference to the story of Philomela who was raped and turned into a nightingale).We live in a fallen world. Free love in the grass in impossible now because the world is not in some eternal spring. The seasons pass, as does time. Nymphs grow old, and shepherds grow cold.In structure, “The Nymph’s Reply to the Shepherd” mimicsMarl owe’s “The Passionate Shepherd to His Love.” Like the latter poem, it consists of six four-line stanzas, or quatrains, with each stanza the fusion of two rhymed couplets. Also like Marlowe’s poem, the predominant meter of “The Nymph’s Reply to the Shepherd” is iambic tetrameter. This means each line contains four iambs, or two-syllable units of rhythm in which the first syllable is unstressed and the second is stressed. As an example of iambic tetrameter, consider the following line from the poem:...Raleigh's poem "The Nymph's Reply to the Shepherd" is a witty and well-written reply to Marlowe's more innocent "The Passionate Shepherd to His Love". Using similar images and metrics, Raleigh cleverly presents the nymph's world-weary response to the shepherd's new and childlike view of love.In Marlowe's poem, the shepherd reaches out to his love with a pastoral ballad. The piece is very beautiful, painting an idyllic scene wherein the shepherd and his love can roam at their will. The shepherd tells his love that he will give all for her if she would just live with him; together they will "all the pleasures prove" (2) and he would show her to a world where birds sing, the sun shines, and everything is serene and perfect. Even Marlowe's use of language contributes to his scene of happiness with which he tries to lure his love; the poem is written in iambic tetrameter couplets, giving it a lilting and song-like feel. He also employs alliteration quite often and to great effect; soft, rolling sounds like "we will" (2), "mind may move" (27), and "live with me and be my Love" (28) achieve averbal approximation of the valleys and hills that he speaks of contextually.Raleigh, however, will have none of Marlowe's idealism and naivet. In his poem, the shepherd has sung his song to the lover, and Raleigh's poem is her reply. Interestingly enough, Raleigh uses the word "nymph" instead of a more neutral word like "girl" or a direct counter like "love". Although the word nymph did mean "girl" in Raleigh's time, it also had the mythological connotation of a female spirit who would have been adept at warding off satyrs and would-be suitors. Raleigh's nymph breaks down the shepherd's love-struck ballad quickly and efficiently; in fact, Raleigh's poem has a counter for each of Marlowe's ideas. It begins by having the nymph doubt the shepherd's ability to make true his promises; she questions the "truth in every shepherd's tongue" (2). The shepherd and the nymph see the world in two very different lights: while the shepherd entreats the nymph to come with him, the nymph's response is one of sobering mortality. For all hisromantic ideas of fields and flowers, the nymph knows that it does not matter because eventually "Time drives the flocks from fields to fold" (5) and "flowers fade" (6). Where the shepherd's "birds sing madrigals" (8), the nymph replies that "Philomel becometh dumb" (7), invoking the mythological story of Philomela, a Greek girl who was transformed intoa nightingale. The poem continues in this tone until the last stanza; there, Raleigh's nymph concedes that if they were both immortal she might consider joining him, a last bit of hope for Marlowe's poor shepherd.The language of Raleigh's poem contributes greatly to the nymph's demolition of the shepherd's nave and heartfelt plea for love. Raleigh reiterates many of Marlowe's images and ideas, but distorts them through the lens of time. The same alliteration is also used in both; there is, however, a marked difference in their sounds. Marlowe alliterates softer "m" and "l" sounds, giving his poem the aforementioned rolling aspect. Raleigh imitates Marlowe extremelywell, but there is a telling difference that can be noted in some places; Raleigh uses a rougher alliteration of sounds like hard "c" and "t" to give his poem a more mocking, satirical bent. This is especially prominent in the second stanza of Raleigh's poem; while Marlowe's second stanza has the softer alliterative sounds, Raleigh's stanza moves stiffly with the "c" sounds in "complains of cares to come "(8).The metrics of Raleigh's poem are also in and of themselves a direct reply to Marlowe's. Raleigh uses the same iambic tetrameter that Marlowe uses, organizing the poem into four line stanzas composed of two rhyming couplets each. He achieves an oddly mocking tone with the meter because of the words involved. Although the words still flow because of the regular meter, they are decidedly less romantic andare juxtaposed with the meter. Examples of this are the harsh alliteration in "complains of cares to come" (8) or the rolling, soft sound that "wayward winter's reckoning yields" (10). Although the metrics are regular and fall soft on the ear, the subject matter is darker and uses the meter to make fun of Marlowe's pastoral love poem. Raleigh also uses metric substitution, like his alliteration, to make his poem rougher and less pleasing to the ear than Marlowe's.The first example of metric substitution comes in the second stanza. The two stressed feet in "Time drives" (5) are an abrupt break from the pleasing, flowing metrics that Marlowe established and Raleigh's first stanza adhered to. The spondee substitution has a forced sound that gives the reader the impression that time never ceases, relentlessly pressing on against the pleasures of which Marlowe's shepherd thinks so highly. It is also found in the second line where "rocks grow cold" (6). The substitution here is ironic because the verb "grow" is usually associated with natural things like trees and flowers, objects with which the shepherd tries to entice the nymph. The nymph, however, returns with an object that is rough and does not truly grow; she instead uses the word to mean "to turn", and the stresses indicate the harsh reality of the line.The second example of metrics is found in the fourth stanza, and itis an interesting thing indeed. Each line in the fourth stanza has nine syllables as opposed to eight, thus giving each line a feminine ending. This is interesting in that feminine endings are generally aweaker ending; however, it is clear in this stanza that the lines are powerful and reject the gifts the shepherd has offered. The thirdline of the stanza thunders into being, with four stressed syllables at the beginning and the bilabial plosive in "break" gives the line a very angry tone; Raleigh uses the metrics, then, to give his nymph an anger and irritation to the shepherd's foolhardy thoughts of love and paradise, knowing that time will come and destroy it all one day.The nymph's reply, however, becomes softer and softer as she begins to feel pity or compassion towards the shepherd. The last two stanzas are in regular iambic tetrameter with the exception of the first line of the last stanza; the nymph tells the shepherd that "could youth last" (25) they would be together. The three stresses on "could youth last" contribute to a sense of length; the reader expects the unstressed syllable to come naturally but it does not, instead waiting two syllables to appear.Both Marlowe and Raleigh were excellent poets and show it in both "The Passionate Shepherd" and "The Nymph's Reply". Raleigh's reply, however, cleverly bends Marlowe's images, ideas, and metrics into a more sober and mature outlook than the shepherd's dreamy infatuation.。
PassionateShepherd
other rustics who lead an outdoor life and are involved in tending to basic human needs in a simplified society.
The Myrtle(香桃木/桃金娘)
Various plants of the family Myrtaceae; : a European shrub having ovate or lanceolate evergreen leaves and solitary axillary white or rosy flowers followed by black berries
And we will sit upon the rocks, Seeing the shepherds feed their flocks, By shallow rivers, to whose falls Melodious birds sing madrigals.
我们坐在岩石上 看着牧羊人喂养羊群 还有潺潺的河流汇成瀑布 悦耳的小鸟齐声鸣唱情歌
Vocabulary—pastoral description
Grove (n.)-a small group of trees. Ex: a grove of birch trees Madrigal / mædrgl/ (n.) a song for several singers, usually without musical instruments, popular in the 16th century Posy (n.)- a small bunch of flowers Kirtle (n.)-to decorate fabric with a pattern of stitches usually using colored thread: Ex: an embroidered blouse Shepherd (n.) - a person whose job is to take care of sheep. Myrtle / m3 tl; AmE m3 rtl/ noun [U, C] a bush with shiny leaves, pink or white flowers and bluish-black berries
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Theme of the Poem
The theme of “The Passionate Shepherd to His Love” is the rapture of springtime love in a simple, rural setting. Implicit in this theme is the motif of capere die—Latin for “seize the day.” Capere die urges people to enjoy the moment without worrying about the future.
The Passionate Shepherd to His Love
Christopher Marlowe
The Passionate Shepherd to His Love
Introduction of the Author About the Poem Itself Type of the Poem Characters in the Poem Theme of the Poem The Poem’s Enduring Emotional Appeal
About the Poem Itself
Fits perfectly into the poetic genre Publication in 1599 in England One of the earliest examples of the pastoral style of British poetry in the late Renaissance period Used for scholastic purposes A good example of regular meter and rhythm The Nymph’s Reply to the Shepherd written by Sir Walter Raleigh
Characters in the Poem
The Passionate Shepherd He importunes a woman to become his sweetheart and enjoy with him all the pleasures The Shepherd’s Love The young woman who receives the message Swains Young country fellows whom the Passion Shepherd promises will dance for his beloved
About the Poem Itself
Static in time, with no history or clearly defined future Only the present matters Passionate: strong emotions, may refer to an ardent desire to possess the woman sexually
The Poem’s Enduring Appeal
The shepherd does not worry whether his status makes him acceptable to the girl; nor does he appear concerned about money or education. The future will take carry of itself. What matters is the moment. So, he says, let us enjoy it—sitting on a rock listening to the birds.
Thank You for Listening!
Type of the Poem
A pastoral poem Pastoral poem The love of a shepherd for a maiden On the death of a friend On the quiet simplicity of rural life Derived from the Latin word pastor, meanuction of the Author
Christopher Marlowe(1564-1593) Dramatist, poet, translator Foremost Elizabethan tragedian Plays are known for the use of blank verse(无韵诗)