七年级英语下册Unit12Whatdidyoudolastweekend短语语法知识点汇总新版人教新目标版

Unit 12 What did you do last weekend 一、基础归纳【教材内容解析】Section A1.camped by the lake (P. 67)camp此处用作动词，表示“扎营、搭帐篷”，常用的短语为：go camping“去野营”；camp out“野营、露营”。

Where did you camp last night?They often go camping during summer holidays.The students love camping out during summer holidays.2.I worked as a guide at the Natural History Museum. (P. 68)as此处用作介词，表示“作为、当作”，后接表示职业的名词。

He works as an actor. As a student, you should study hard.3.How interesting! (P. 68)how引导的感叹句的结构为“How+形容词/副词+主语+谓语”。

How beautiful the bird is! How fast Mary runs!【拓展】what引导的感叹句常用的结构有：“What+a/an+形容词+单数可数名词+主语+谓语”或者“What+形容词+可数名词复数/不可数名词+主语+谓语”。

What a beautiful flower! What interesting books these are! What heavy snow it is!4.I told the visitors about them and their living habits. (P. 68)tell sb. about sth.意为“告诉某人关于某事”。

Mary told me about her pet dog. 5....but I’m kind of tired now. (P. 68)kind of表示“有点儿”，相当于a little。

She is kind of fat.6.I stayed up late to watch the soccer game. (P. 68)stay up意为“熬夜”，要表达“为……而熬夜”用stay up for sth.。

I stayed up late for my homework.7.A family of mice were in the kitchen on Saturday morning when they saw a big cat. (P.69)family为集合名词，表示整体，指代家庭整体概念时，谓语动词用单数形式；表示个体，指代家庭成员时，谓语动词用复数形式。

The Green family are watching TV now. The Green family is a big one.8....that’s why it’s important to learn a second language. (P. 69)That’s why...意为“那就是为什么……”，表示结果。

That’s why I didn’t come. I got up late. That’s why I missed the bus.Section B1.flew a kite (P. 70)fly此处用作及物动词，意为“放飞”。

My father helped me to fly the model plane.2.Did you do anything interesting last weekend? (P. 70)形容词修饰不定代词时，放在不定代词后边。

This isn’t anything important.3.There we put up our tents and made a fire to keep us warm and cook food on. (P. 71) (1)put up此处表示“搭建起”，还可以表示“张贴、举起、建造”。

Please put up your hand if you have any question.You’d better put up a notice here.They put up many buildings last year.(2)make a fire意为“生火”。

He went back home and made a fire.4.On the first night, we just sat under the moon and told each other stories.each other意为“互相、彼此”，相当于one another，常用作宾语。

They helped each other. We talked to each other.5.But I was so tired that I went to sleep early. (P. 71)so...that...意为“如此……以至于……”，so是副词，后接形容词和副词，that引导结果状语从句。

He is so young that he can’t look after himself.The boy ran so fast that I couldn’t catch up with him.6.The next morning, my sister and I got a terrible surprise. (P. 71)the next morning表示“第二天早上”，以过去或者将来某个时间为起点的第二天早上；next morning 表示“明天早上”，以现在为起点的第二天早上。

We started the next morning. We will visit him next morning.7.When we looked out of our tent, we saw a big snake sleeping near the fire.①look out“向外看”，若表示“向外看某物”用look out at sth. 若表示“向……外看”用look out of。

Don’t look out of the window in class.② look out还可以表示“小心”，“对……小心”用look out forLook out for the coming bus.8.I was so scared that I couldn’t move. (P. 71)scared用作形容词，表示“惊慌的、吓怕的”，常用的搭配为：be scared of害怕……；be scared to do sth.害怕做某事。

He was scared of snakes.The little girl is scared to cross the road.9.We shouted to our parents to let them know about the danger. (P. 71)shout to sb.意为“对某人大声叫喊”，shout at则表示“因为生气或者愤怒而大喊”。

We shouted to the driver, but he didn’t hear us.Don’t shout at me.10.My dad started to jump and down in their tent. (P. 71)start后常接名词、动词不定式或者动名词作宾语，用法相当于begin。

When shall we start the meeting?Let’s start discussing/to discuss about the next problem.11.This woke the snake up and it moved into the forest near the lake. (P. 71)① wake作不及物动词，表示“醒来”，常同up连用。

He usually wakes up early in the morning.② wake作及物动词，表示“喊醒、叫醒”，常同up连用。

The teacher woke up all the kids for class.12.What an interesting job they have! (P. 72)本句是what引导的感叹句，what引导的感叹句常用的结构有：“What+a/an+形容词+单数可数名词+主语+谓语”或者“What+形容词+可数名词复数/不可数名词+主语+谓语”。

What a beautiful flower!What interesting books these are!What heavy snow it is!【拓展】how引导的感叹句的结构为“How+形容词/副词+主语+谓语”。

How beautiful the bird is!How fast Mary runs!【语法讲解】一般过去时（II）1．一般过去时表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态，常和表示过去的时间状语连用。

一般过去时也表示过去经常或反复发生的动作。

2．Be动词在一般过去时中的变化：⑴am 和is在一般过去时中变为was。

（was not=wasn’t）⑵are在一般过去时中变为were。

（were not=weren’t）⑶带有was或were的句子，其否定、疑问的变化和is, am, are一样，即否定句在was或were后加not，一般疑问句把was或were放到句首。

3．句中没有be动词的一般过去时的句子否定句：didn’t +动词原形，如：Jim did n’t go home yesterday.一般疑问句：在句首加did，句子中的动词过去式变回原形。

如：Did Jim go home yesterday?特殊疑问句：⑴疑问词+did+主语+动词原形？如： What did Jim do yesterday?⑵疑问词当主语时：疑问词+动词过去式？如：Who went to home yesterday?动词过去式变化规则：1．一般在动词末尾加-ed，如：pull-pulled, cook-cooked2．结尾是e加d，如：taste-tasted3．末尾只有一个元音字母和一个辅音字母的重读闭音节，应双写末尾的辅音字母，再加-ed，如：stop-stopped4．以“辅音字母+y”结尾的，变y为i，再加-ed，如：study-studied5．不规则动词过去式：am,is-was are-were, do-did, see -saw, say-saidgive-gave, get- got, go-went, com e-came, have-had,eat-ate, take-took, run-ran, sing -sang, put-put,make-made, read-read, write-wrote, draw-dr ew, drink-drank,fly-flew, ride-rode, speak-spoke, sweep-swept, buy-boughtswim-swam, sit-sat bring--brought can-co uld cut-cutbecome-became begin-began draw-drew feel-felt find-foundforget-forgot hear-heard keep-kept know-kn ewlearn-learnt （learned）leave-left let-letlose-lostmeet-met read-read sleep-slept speak -spoke take-tookteach-taught tell-told write-wrote wake-wok e think-thought。