托福历年真题2004年8月

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2024托福考试必备听力历年真题练习

2024托福考试必备听力历年真题练习Part 1: Conversation-based Questions1. What is the main topic of the conversation?2. Where does the conversation most likely take place?3. What can be inferred about the woman?Part 2: Problem-Solving Questions1. What is the man's problem?2. What are the possible solutions mentioned?3. What solution does the woman suggest?Part 3: Academic Discussions1. What is the main purpose of the discussion?2. What is the man's opinion on the topic?3. What evidence does the woman provide to support her argument? Part 4: Academic Lectures1. What is the topic of the lecture?2. What is the professor's main point?3. How does the example illustrate the professor's main point?Part 5: Campus Life1. Which club is the woman a member of?2. Why does the woman need financial support?3. What does the man offer to do for the woman?Part 6: Academic and Social Skills1. What topic does the professor introduce?2. What is one characteristic of the topic?3. How can this characteristic be beneficial?Part 7: Science and Technology1. What is the main function of the new software?2. How does the new software differ from the old version?3. What benefit does the new software bring to users?Part 8: Advanced Level Discussions1. What is the main topic of the conversation?2. What is the man's opinion on the topic?3. How does the woman respond to the man's opinion?As the 2024 TOEFL exam is approaching, it is essential for test-takers to engage in practice sessions that familiarize them with the format and content of the listening section. One effective way to prepare is by practicing with authentic past TOEFL listening questions.In the first part of the listening section, conversation-based questions are asked. These questions assess your ability to understand the main topic of aconversation, the location where the conversation is most likely taking place, and inferencing skills about the individuals involved.The second part of the listening section focuses on problem-solving questions. These questions require you to identify the problem the speaker is facing, analyze potential solutions mentioned, and determine the best solution based on the information provided.Part three comprises academic discussions, where you are expected to identify the main purpose of the discussion, the opinions of the speakers, and supporting evidence used in the conversation.In the fourth part, academic lectures are presented, and you need to comprehend the lecture topic, understand the professor's main point, and recognize how examples or illustrations are used to support the main point.The fifth part revolves around campus life, where you must gather information about the activities, clubs, and student organizations, as well as understand the financial support and assistance offered by individuals or institutions.For the sixth part, academic and social skills are discussed. You are required to recognize the topic introduced by the professor, identify specific characteristics, and understand the potential benefits associated with these characteristics.The seventh part focuses on science and technology, exploring advancements and innovations. It requires you to understand the main functions of software or devices, identify differences between different versions, and recognize the benefits provided by newer technologies.The eighth part consists of advanced level discussions, where complex topics are debated. You are expected to identify the main topic of the conversation, grasp the speakers' opinions, and understand how the conversation unfolds based on different perspectives.By practicing with past TOEFL listening questions, you can improve your listening skills, become more familiar with various question types, and enhance your understanding of spoken English. Regular practice will help you feel more confident and prepared for the listening section of the 2024 TOEFL exam.Remember to listen carefully, take notes when necessary, and pay attention to key details and information. Developing good listening strategies and practicing with a variety of listening materials will significantly contribute to your success in the TOEFL listening section.。

托福考试阅读理解历年真题详解2024版

托福考试阅读理解历年真题详解2024版近年来，随着全球化的推进，托福考试在许多国家的大学入学要求中占据了重要地位。

阅读理解部分是托福考试中最具挑战性的一项，考察学生的阅读能力和理解能力。

本文将针对2024年托福考试阅读理解部分的历年真题进行详细解析，帮助考生更好地备考。

第一篇文章：科学研究的价值题目：文章内容：2008年Nobel得主比较了科学研究与其他领域的价值。

解析：本篇文章主要介绍了科学研究相对于其他领域的独特价值。

根据文章内容，科学研究可以帮助人们更好地理解和掌握自然规律，推动人类社会的发展。

在文章中，我们可以找到以下几个关键观点：1. 科学研究的目标是追求真理和知识，这种探寻的过程本身就具有重要意义。

2. 科学研究可以促使社会进步，改善人们的生活质量。

3. 科学研究对于解决当前全球性问题具有重要作用。

4. 科学研究需要长期投入，但其收益是长远的。

本文可以按如下结构进行分析和解析：1.引言- 简要介绍科学研究的重要性，提出论点：科学研究在各个领域中具有独特价值。

2.段落一- 阐述科学研究的目标是追求真理和知识，这种探寻的过程本身就具有重要意义。

- 举例说明科学研究如何帮助人们更好地理解自然规律。

3.段落二- 阐述科学研究的社会价值，如推动技术进步、改善生活质量等。

- 举例说明科学研究如何改善医疗技术、提升能源利用效率等。

4.段落三- 强调科学研究在解决全球性问题上的重要作用。

- 举例说明科学研究如何帮助解决气候变化、传染病控制等全球性问题。

5.段落四- 指出科学研究需要长期投入，但其收益是长远的。

- 举例说明科学研究如何推动社会进步和经济发展。

6.结论- 总结全文内容，重申科学研究的独特价值。

通过以上结构以及适当的衔接词、过渡句，可以使文章内容更加连贯，逻辑清晰。

同时，注意使用恰当的语言表达，使文章更加流畅自然。

在解析真题时，考生需要用合适的格式进行回答，例如按照题目要求的真题形式进行回答，清晰地标注每个观点和例子。

托福(阅读)历年真题试卷汇编4(题后含答案及解析)

托福（阅读）历年真题试卷汇编4(题后含答案及解析) 题型有： 3. Reading ComprehensionSections Three：Reading ComprehensionEarly Theories of Continental DriftP1: The idea that the geography of Earth was different in the past than it is today is not new. As far back as 1620, Francis Bacon spotted that the west coast of Africa and the east coast of South America looked as if they would fit together, like pieces of a jigsaw puzzle. Between then and 1912, other people identified further similarities between other continental coastlines. But because much of the early support for mobilism was based on far-flung intercontinental similarities, geologists tended to be skeptical of the fieldwork of others.P2: During the late nineteenth century, Austrian geologist Eduard Suess proposed the name “Gondwanaland”in his book The Face of the Earth (1885) and gave far greater emphasis to the evolutionary nature of the earth and he noted the similarities among the Late Paleozoic plant fossils of India, Australia, South Africa, and South America. Based upon glossopteris fern fossils in such regions, he explained that the three land masses were once connected in a supercontinent which he names Gondwanaland, and that the ocean flooded the spaces currently between those lands. Thus, in his view, the similarities of fossils on these continents could be accounted for by postulating the concept of a land bridge that existed once but subsided later.P3: Later, a number of refinements to Suess’s theory were made. The American geologist Frank Taylor published a pamphlet in 1910 presenting his concept of “horizontal displacement”. He explained the formation of mountain ranges as a result of the lateral movements of continents. With the earth’s capture of the moon, the gravitational forces between them generated a pull towards lower latitudes where they thickened and formed folded mountain belts especially in middle latitudes. Although we now know that Taylor’s explanation of continental drift is erroneous, one of his most significant contributions was his suggestion that the Mid-Atlantic Ridge—an underwater mountain range discovered by the 1872-1876 British HMS Challenger expeditions—might mark the site at which an ancient continent broke apart, forming the present-day Atlantic Ocean.P4: However, it is Alfred Wegener, a German meteorologist, who is generally credited with developing the hypothesis of continental drift. In his monumental book, The Origin of Continents and Oceans (1915), Wegener theorized that a single supercontinent he called “Pangaea”existed sometime between 350 million to 225 million years ago. Wegner portrayed his grand concept of continental movement in a series of maps showing the breakup of Pangaea and the movement of various continents to their present-day locations. What evidence did Wegener use to support his hypothesis of continental drift? First, Wegener noted that there is geographical similarity along both the coasts of the Atlantic Ocean. The opposing coasts of the Atlantic can be fitted together in the same way as two cut off pieces of wood can be refitted. Furthermore, mountain ranges and glacial deposits seem tomatch up in such a way that suggests continents could have once been a single landmass. Finally, many of the same fossils and vegetative remains are found today on widely separated continents, indicating that the continents must have been in proximity at one time. During his days, Wegener was regarded as an advocate rather than as an impartial scientific observer, appearing to ignore vast evidence unfavorable to his ideas and distort other evidence to bring it into harmony with the theory.P5: After Wegener’s death, a South African geologist Alexander Du Toit continued to assemble fossil evidence for Pangaea. He noted that fossils of the now extinct reptile “Mesosaurus”occur in rocks of the same age in both Brazil and South Africa. Because the physiology of freshwater and marine animals is completely different, it is hard to imagine how a freshwater reptile could have swum across the Atlantic Ocean and then found a freshwater environment nearly identical to its former habitat. Moreover, if Mesosaurus could have swum across the ocean, its fossil remains should be widely dispersed. It is more logical to assume that Mesosaurus lived in lakes in what were once adjacent areas of South America and Africa when it was united into a single continent. Notwithstanding all of the empirical evidence in favor of continental drift theory presented here, most geologists at the time refused to entertain the idea.P6 :The debate over continental drift has the same role and stature in the history of the earth sciences as the debate over Darwinian evolution in the history of life sciences and the debates over relativity and quantum theory in the history of physics. In the largest sense, the history of earth science, the history of biology, and the history of physics in the 20th century are all histories of the consolidation of opinion and the formation of broad consensus—that these theories were the best way to organize and advance these sciences.P5: After Wegener’s death, a South African geologist Alexander Du Toit continued to assemble fossil evidence for Pangaea.■He noted that fossils of the now extinct reptile “Mesosaurus” occur in rocks of the same age in both Brazil and South Africa.■Because the physiology of freshwater and marine animals is completely different, it is hard to imagine how a freshwater reptile could have swum across the Atlantic Ocean and then found a freshwater environment nearly identical to its former habitat. ■Moreover, if Mesosaurus could have swum across the ocean, its fossil remains should be widely dispersed. It is more logical to assume that Mesosaurus lived in lakes in what were once adjacent areas of South America and Africa when it was united into a single continent. ■Notwithstanding all of the empirical evidence in favor of continental drift theory presented here, most geologists at the time refused to entertain the idea.1．According to paragraph 2, Eduard Suess believed that similarities of plant and animal fossils on the southern continents were due toA．living in the southern climateB．crossing the land bridgesC．fossilization in the coal layersD．movements of the supercontinent正确答案：B解析：【事实信息题】题目问动植物化石的相似性是因为什么，文中提到“the similarities of fossils on these continents could be accounted for by”所以原因是之前有陆桥后来消失了，答案是B。

托福历年真题题目及答案

托福历年真题题目及答案在平平淡淡的日常中，我们时常需要做些练习题，而与练习题如影随形的.则是答案，借助答案我们可以更好地掌握此类题型的解题思路和方法。

以下是我帮大家整理的托福历年真题题目及答案，希望可以帮助到有需要的朋友。

托福历年真题题目及答案篇1Part VDirection : In this part of the test has incomplete sentences. Four words or phrases, marked (A), (B), (C) and (D) are given beneath each sentence. You are to choose the one that best completes the sentence. Then, on your answer sheet, find the number of the question and mark on your answer sheet.101. For several years now, we have seen a marked in attendance and exhibitions at thePCB design conferences.(A) increase (B) increased (C) increasing (D) TO increase102. Make sure that transportation to and from the river is arranged to your .(A) satisfactory (B) satisfaction (C) satisfy (D) to satisfy103. The imposing that will soon be Rand Corporations RD centerwasrenovated by the highly admired designer Haewook Lee.(A) structural (B) structure (C) structurally (D) in structural104. Employees may receive 50% tuition reimbursement for job-related courses taken with asupervisors .(A) approves (B) approval (C) approve (D) to approve105. Mr. Hui, a freelance writer here at ESS Newspapers, has impeccablefor the position of senior editor.(A) qualified (B) qualifications (C) qualify (D) be qualified106. Because of an illness is much cheaper than treatment, the local health clinic will be offering free flu vaccinations this weekend.(A) prevention (B) prevent (C) to prevent B) prevented107. Legal experts have presented that the DNA samples and fingerprints match.(A) evident (B) evidence (C) evidently (D) to evident108. Mach Corp. has a system that allows clients to manage to employees files.(A) access (B) accessible (C) to accessible (D) accessibly109. The average listener will not be able to notice any between audio CD and MP3 files.(A) differences (B) different (C) differently (D) of different110. Without your , we cannot guarantee your room after 6 p.m.A) confirm B) confirming C) confirmation D) confirmative111. of countries belonging to GATT approved the agreement yesterday in Geneva.A) Represents B) Representations C) Representatives D) Representing112. Officials of the Sydney head of office will hold a conference to talk about goals for the next ten years.A) them B) their C) theirs D) they113. As a customer service representative, Mrs. Lee tried to solve complaints from customersbefore asking for ______ supervisors advice.(A) she B) her C) hers D) herself114 Mr. Alfred and I extend thanks to those that have helped this project in the past.(A) us (B) ours (C) our (D) ourselves115. Pioneer Corp. is considering---------the release of the new equipment scheduled for later this month.(A)postponing (B) postpone (C) to postpone (D) postponement116. The companys business plan includes ---------- revenue from magazine and event promotions designed to help recruiters findqualified applicants.(A) draw (B) drawing (C) to draw (D) drawer117. This guideline is intended to --------information about our databases and to provide a clear definition of how these database get updated and who has responsibilities(A) clarification (B) classified (C) cleared (D) clarify118. As of July 7, basic monthly telephone service will increase by $1.50 due to the new federal telecommunication tax, --------state-to-state long-distance rates will decrease an average of 10 percent.(A) otherwise (B) therefore (C) however (D) in addition to119. He makes $20 an hour, has more work than he can handle.(A) and (B) than (C) so (D) but120. Their products are known not only for their low price, __________ for their high quality.(A) but (B) but also (C) and also (D) as well as托福历年真题题目及答案篇2During the second half of the nineteenth century, the production of food and feed crops in the United States rose at an extraordinarily rapid rate. Corn production increased by four and a half times, hay by five times, oats and wheat by seven times. The most crucial factor behind this phenomenal upsurge in productivity was the widespread adoption of labor-saving machinery by northern farmers. By 1850horse-drawn reaping machines that cut grain were being introduced into the major grain-growing regions of the country. Horse-powered threshing machines to separate the seeds from the plants were already in general use. However, it was the onset of the Civil War in 1861 that provided the great stimulus for the mechanization of northern agriculture. With much of the labor force inducted into the army and with grain prices on the rise, northern farmers rushed to avail themselves of the new labor-saving equipment. In 1860 there were approximately 80,000 reapers in the country; five years later there were 350,000.After the close of the war in 1865, machinery became ever more important in northern agriculture, and improved equipment was continually introduced. By 1880 a self-binding reaper had been perfected that not only cut the grain, but also gathered the stalks and bound them with twine. Threshing machines were also being improved and enlarged, and after 1870 they were increasingly powered by steam engines rather than by horses. Since steam-powered threshing machines were costly items — running from $ 1,000 to $4,000 — they were usually owned by custom thresher owners who then worked their way from farm to farm during the harvest season. Combines were also coming into use on the great wheat ranches in California and the Pacific Northwest. These ponderous machines — sometimes pulled by as many as 40 horses —reaped the grain, threshed it, and bagged it, all in one simultaneous operation.The adoption of labor-saving machinery had a profound effect upon the sale of agricultural operations in the northern states — allowing farmers to increase vastly their crop acreage. By the end of century, a farmer employing the new machinery could plant and harvest two and half times as much corn as a farmer had using hand methods 50 years before.1. What aspect of farming in the United States in the nineteenth century does the passage mainly discuss?(A) How labor-saving machinery increased crop Production(B) Why southern farms were not as successful as Successful as northern farms(C) Farming practices before the Civil War(D) The increase in the number of people farming2. The word crucial in line 4 is closest in meaning to(A) obvious(B) unbelievable(C) important(D) desirable3. The phrase avail themselves in line 11 is closest in meaning to(A) take care(B) make use(C) get rid(D) do more4. According to the passage , why was the Civil War a stimulus for mechanization?(A) The army needed more grain in order to feed the soldiers.(B) Technology developed for the war could also the used by farmers.(C) It was hoped that harvesting more grain would lower the price of grain.(D) Machines were needed to replace a disappearing labor force.5. The passage supports which of the following statements about machinery after the Civil War?(A) Many farmers preferred not to use the new machinery.(B) Returning laborers replaced the use of machinery.(C) The use of farm machinery continued to increase.(D) Poor-quality machinery slowed the pace of crop production.6. Combines and self-binding reapers were similar because each(A) could perform more than one function(B) required relatively little power to operate(C) was utilized mainly in California(D) required two people to operate7. The word they in line 19 refers to(A) grain stalks(B) threshing machines(C) steam engines(D) horses8. It can be inferred from the passage that most farmers did not own threshing machines because(A) farmers did not know how to use the new machines(B) farmers had no space to keep the machines(C) thresher owner had chance to buy the machines before farmers did(D) the machines were too expensive for every farmer to own9. The word ponderous in line 21 is closest in meaning to(A) advanced(B) heavy(C) complex(D) rapid正确答案：ACBDC ABDB【托福历年真题题目及答案】。

整理的英语四六级学习资料【英语达人】

托福考试2024听力历年真题答案解析

托福考试2024听力历年真题答案解析2024年的托福考试听力部分，如往年一样，包含了一系列听力材料和相关问题。

本文将对历年真题中的听力部分进行题目解析和答案解释，以帮助考生更好地备考。

[介绍段]在托福考试听力部分，考生需要听取一段语音材料，然后回答几个与材料相关的问题。

这些材料可以是学术讲座、对话、课堂讨论等。

对于每种材料，考生需要仔细倾听，并在听完后选择正确的答案。

以下是对几个典型历年真题的解析。

[题目一]Question: What is the main topic of the lecture?听力材料：一段讲座内容，讲述关于生态系统中濒临灭绝的物种。

解析：这道题目需要考生仔细倾听讲座内容，判断讲座的主要话题。

在听力材料中，讲师提到了一系列与生态系统和濒临灭绝物种相关的信息。

考生需要筛选出这些信息并进行归纳，最终选择与之相关的答案。

答案解释：主要讲座话题是关于生态系统中濒临灭绝的物种。

在听力材料中，讲师提到了研究人员进行调查、濒临灭绝物种对生态系统的重要性等相关内容。

因此，正确答案应选择与这个主题相关的选项。

[题目二]Question: What is the relationship between the two speakers?听力材料：一段对话，讨论两位发言者的关系。

解析：这道题目需要考生仔细研究对话内容，判断两位发言者之间的关系。

在对话中，两位发言者可能会透露出彼此之间的身份、职位或熟悉程度等信息。

考生需要根据对话内容进行分析，并选择最符合描述的答案。

答案解释：根据对话中的内容，我们可以推断出两位发言者是一位教授和一位学生。

在对话中，教授提到了自己的研究、学生的作业等相关内容，这表明教授与学生之间存在一种教育关系。

[题目三]Question: What is the purpose of the conversation?听力材料：一段对话，讨论对话的目的。

解析：这道题目需要考生理解对话中的目的或主要内容。

托福听力部分历年真题详解2024版

托福听力部分历年真题详解2024版Introduction托福考试中的听力部分是考生们普遍感到较为困惑和挑战的一部分。

为了帮助考生们更好地应对托福听力考试，本篇文章将详细解析2024年的托福听力部分历年真题，并提供一些有效的解题技巧和策略。

Section 1 - Conversation第一节 - 对话In this section, you will listen to a conversation between two people. The conversation may be about everyday topics such as shopping, studying, or planning activities. This part of the test aims to assess your ability to understand and grasp spoken information in different contexts.Sample Question:Question: What is the main purpose of the conversation?Answer: The main purpose of the conversation is to discuss the plan fora group project.解析：这道题目要求考生理解对话的主要目的。

通过仔细倾听和分析对话内容，我们可以确定对话是关于一个小组项目计划的讨论。

因此，正确答案是"The main purpose of the conversation is to discuss theplan for a group project."Section 2 - Lecture第二节 - 讲座In this section, you will listen to a lecture or a speech by a professor. The lecture will cover academic topics and the speaker will often provide examples and explanations to support their main points. This part of the test assesses your ability to comprehend and extract information from lectures.Sample Question:Question: What is the professor's opinion about the new research findings?Answer: The professor's opinion is that the new research findings are promising, but further studies are needed to confirm the results.解析：这道题目要求考生理解教授对新的研究发现的观点。

2024托福考试专题听力历年真题集锦

2024托福考试专题听力历年真题集锦Introduction:托福考试是全球范围内最具权威性的英语能力评估测试之一。

对于考生来说，听力部分是其中最为关键的一个环节。

为了帮助考生更好地准备听力考试，本文将为大家提供2024年托福考试专题听力历年真题集锦。

通过这些真题，考生可以熟悉考试题型和提升自己的听力技巧。

Section 1: 听力常见题型介绍在托福听力考试中，常见的题型包括：听力选择题、目的题、细节题、态度题、推断题等。

听力选择题会给出一个问题和三个选项，考生需要根据听到的内容选择正确答案。

目的题要求考生理解说话人的意图或目的。

细节题要求考生根据听力内容回答具体细节问题。

态度题要求考生判断说话人的态度、意见或观点。

推断题要求考生根据信息和推理能力来做出合理的推测。

Section 2: 历年真题解析1. 题目：What is the main topic of the lecture?答案：The effects of climate change on ecosystems in the Arctic.解析：这是一道目的题，要求考生理解讲座的主题。

通过仔细倾听讲座内容，我们可以得知答案是关于气候变化对北极生态系统的影响。

2. 题目：What does the professor imply about the new research findings?答案：They challenge the previously held assumptions about black holes.解析：这是一道推断题，要求考生根据信息推断出教授对新的研究结果的暗示。

通过听力内容，我们可以得知新的研究结果对黑洞的先前假设提出了挑战。

Section 3: 提高听力技巧为了在托福听力考试中取得好成绩，考生需要不断练习和提高听力技巧。

以下是一些有效的方法：1. 多听英语材料：多听英语新闻、电影、纪录片等，提高自己的听力水平。

托福(听力)历年真题试卷汇编7(题后含答案及解析)

托福（听力）历年真题试卷汇编7(题后含答案及解析) 题型有：1. Listening ComprehensionSection One：Listening Comprehension听力原文：Listen to a conversation between a student (S) and a university travel administrator (A).S: Thanks for the list of travel agencies. This will really help if I get a chance to go to another conference, but now my question is: you said that the university doesn’t pay for everything, doesn’t cover all the costs of school-related travel.A: Nope, we do cover the cost of the conference itself, the registration fees, but university policy is that we only cover up to a certain amount of travel expenses. We calculate the average cost of traveling to a city, the average cost of food, lodging, etc., and are willing to pay that much back to you.S: OK, so how do I find out what the average costs are?A: Well, on the travel office’s Web page you’ll find a chart with a bunch of cities. Just find the columns for the city that you’re traveling to, like Philadelphia, that’s where you went, right?S: Yeah, the Eastern Literary Society Conference. It was... I went to hear some presentations, you know.A: Ok, so the chart will tell you how much the university will cover for trips to Philadelphia. There will be a column for food, one for transportation, one for hotel, but I’m guessing that...S: Yes, since Philadelphia’s only an hour from here and the conference was just one day, I guess that’s why I wasn’t overly concerned about the expenses, but I did take the train in and of course I ate lunch there. So could I have a copy of the expense form? I’ll need to fill it out.A: Sure, but it’s quicker if you do it online. That way your information goes directly to the travel office. We’ll be in touch later if we need your receipts.S: Ok, I already tried that, but the system wouldn’t let me download the form.A: Really? That’s strange.S: Yeah, it kept asking for my... for a preapproval number.A: Ok, the number your department gave you when you completed the preapproval request.S: Preapproval request? I didn’t know. No one told me about a preapproval request.A: That’s why you’re having trouble. See, the policy is that your department has to preapprove you for the travel, so that we, the university travel office, so we know you’re doing legitimate school-related travel. We can’t be reimbursing people for their personal vacations now, could we?S: Well, how was I supposed to know? I mean, my professor only asked me like two weeks ago after someone else canceled.A: Oh, well that’s it. That student probably filled out a preapproval request. Your department can probably update that form with your information. Then it’ll show up under your name instead, and you can do the online form.S: Oh, really? Let me talk to them and see what I can do. I’ll come back to you if I have questions after that.A: Ok, good luck with that.S: Thanks for your help.1．What are the speakers mainly discussing?A．How the student can get permission to travel to other citiesB．How the student can get reimbursed for travel expensesC．A problem with the travel office Web pageD．A conference the student recently attended正确答案：B解析：内容主旨题。

2024托福考试必备阅读理解历年真题练习

2024托福考试必备阅读理解历年真题练习托福考试作为国际英语能力认证考试之一，阅读理解部分一直是考生备考的重点。

为了帮助准备2024托福考试的考生们更好地应对阅读理解题型，本文将提供一些历年的真题练习，供考生们进行针对性的练习和复习。

1. Passage 1Archaeology is a fascinating field that allows us to explore the past. By studying artifacts and remains, archaeologists can reconstruct ancient lifestyles and gain insights into human history. However, the process of conducting archaeological research can be challenging.Archaeologists often face difficulties in locating and accessing archaeological sites. Many sites are buried under layers of soil and vegetation, making them hard to find. Moreover, obtaining permission to excavate these sites can be a lengthy and bureaucratic process, requiring cooperation from various governmental agencies.Despite these challenges, archaeological research has yielded important discoveries. For example, the excavation of a burial site in Egypt led to the discovery of an intact pharaoh's tomb, providing valuable information about ancient Egyptian practices and customs.In addition to unearthing artifacts, archaeologists also analyze the data collected to draw conclusions about the past. This process involves careful examination of the artifacts, as well as collaboration with experts in related fields such as anthropology and history.2. Passage 2Climate change is a pressing global issue that requires urgent action. The rise in global temperatures is causing melting ice caps, rising sea levels, and extreme weather events. These changes have far-reaching consequences for both the environment and human societies.One of the main contributors to climate change is the burning of fossil fuels. Carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases released during the combustion process trap heat in the Earth's atmosphere, leading to the greenhouse effect. This effect is causing the Earth's temperature to increase at an alarming rate.To combat climate change, countries around the world are adopting renewable energy sources such as solar and wind power. These sources are sustainable and do not produce greenhouse gas emissions. Additionally, individuals can reduce their carbon footprint by adopting energy-saving habits, such as using energy-efficient appliances and reducing water waste.It is crucial for governments and individuals to work together to mitigate the effects of climate change. By implementing policies that promote sustainable practices and reducing greenhouse gas emissions, we can protect our planet for future generations.3. Passage 3The advent of technology has revolutionized the way we communicate and access information. With the rise of smartphones and social media platforms, people can connect with others and share information instantly. However, this digital age has also raised concerns about privacy and security.Online privacy has become a major issue, as personal data can be easily accessed and exploited by malicious individuals. Social media platforms often collect and store users' personal information, which can be sold to third parties for advertising purposes. Additionally, cybercriminals can use sophisticated techniques to hack into individuals' accounts and steal their sensitive information.To protect one's privacy online, it is important to take precautionssuch as regularly updating passwords and enabling two-factor authentication. Furthermore, individuals should be cautious about the information theyshare online and avoid posting sensitive personal details.Governments and tech companies also play a crucial role in safeguarding online privacy. Stricter regulations and stronger cybersecurity measures should be implemented to protect users' personal data. Additionally, educating the public about online security best practices can help raise awareness and prevent cybercrime.通过以上三个例子，考生们可以了解到真实的托福阅读理解题目的样式和内容。

2004年08月托福考试语法真题_真题-无答案

2004年08月托福考试语法真题(总分40,考试时间120分钟)1. In tile philosophical school of pragmatism, -----certainty and there are no absolutes.A. there is noB. is there notC. neitherD. no2. The femur, or thighbone, is -------in the human body.A. the bone is longestB. the longest bone thatC. the longest boneD. that of which the longest bone3. ------ different kinds of beans are cultivated throughout the world.A. ManyB. Of the manyC. There are manyD. Many are the4. A major source of rock salt is domes, ------of rock salt embedded in surrounding layers of earth.A. are that vertical cylindersB. that vertical cylindersC. cylinders are verticalD. vertical cylinders5. Hot springs are one of the most characteristic features of areas of recent volcanic activity, although----- in other areas less abundantly.A. also to have occurredB. their occurrence alsoC. also occurD. they do also occur6. Soap operas, a type of television drama series, are so called because at first they were ---such as soap manufacturers.A. **panies by sponsoredB. **mercial by sponsoredC. sponsored by **paniesD. **mercial sponsored by7. In the early 1900's, Albert Einstein showed---, under special circumstances, matter and energy can be converted into one another.A. in whichB. thatC. whatD. there are8. ------in the United States began in the eighteenth century, when individuals, merchants, and colonial governments loaned money to one another.A. BankingB. When bankingC. It was bankingD. Banking was9. By performing specific motions, forager honeybees are able to recruit ---------to gather at a recently discovered food source.A. while their nestmatesB. so that their nestmatesC. their nestmatesD. their nestmates are10. Although the chemical elements niobium and tantalum are not quite ----------zirconium and hafnium, the differences between them are slightA. as similarB. as similar asC. similar thanD. that similar11. ------both safety and reliability have always been primary goals of the railway mechanical engineer.A. Railroad historyB. Railroad history includesC. Throughout railroad historyD. In railroad history there are12. The trumpet is-----of most dance and jazz bands.A. a part is importantB. partly importantC. what part is importantD. an important part13. Most whole milk undergoes homogenization, -------hot milk is pumped through valves to break up and permanently disperse the fat globules.A. a processB. which processC. a process in whichD. which is a process14. A lingua franca is any auxiliary language, -------a rudimentary kind, used as a medium of communication between people who speak different languages.A. of which usuallyB. which usually ofC. is usually ofD. usually of15. In 1865 the astronomer Maria Mitchell became ----appointed to the faculty of Vassar College.A. as the first womanB. the first woman wasC. the first womanD. being the first woman16. Reptiles are found on land and in water, but they cannot alive in frigid climates because they need the Sun's warmth to give them energy_17. Stone tools began to be replaced around 6,000 years ago by metal tools, who were used to build instruments and simple machines.18. One of the most famous structures in the world, the Statue of Liberty is widely considereda inspiring symbol of hope and freedom.19. Buses were developed at the beginning of the twentieth century to compete with streetcars by providing flexibility greater in routes.20. Abundant rainfall or irrigation is necessary during the early growperiod of coffee, but dry conditions during ripening produce beans with the best flavor.21. There was at least 2,000 years ago that inhabitants of the Northwest Coast of North America firstestablished trade mutes for obsidian.22. The simplestpolymers are created when pressure or heat causes small molecules alter slightly and link together in a long chain.23. A Canadian Prime Minister must have the supportive {{U/}} of a majority of the members {{U/}} of the Houseof Commons to remain in office.24. The Ashcan school of painting concentrated on ordinary --even ugly--city scenes, rendering they in straightforward, conventional styles that bordered occasionally on illustration.25. By the end of the 1950"s, the suburban population of the United States totaled 60 million, approximately equivalence to the urban areas of the country.26. Because it is often dependent of the conditions of crystallization, **position of the minerals in a rock can be important in determining the rock's geologic history.27. Endemic diseases are diseases that habitual infect only those persons living within certain geographical limits.28. Regional geography examines, on a regional basis, the ways in which the people local interact with the environment of the area where they live.29. The Mobile River and its tributaries, which flow south to the Gulf of Mexico, form most important river system in Alabama.30. Beneath the surface of the ocean there lies a hidden world inhabit by plants and animals we rarely see.31. Advertising's primary objective is to presell a product, that is, to convince consumers to purchase an item before they are actually see and inspect it.32. Fats and fixed oils are greasy or waxy substance that ill their pure state are normally tasteless, colorless, and odorless.'33. Of all the elements in the Earth's crust, oxygen is known to be the **mon.34. In microphotography, processes photographic are used to reproduce text or illustrations on film in sizes requiring magnification for reading or viewing them.35. The round, hard-shelled nuts of the macadamia tree grow in clusters and are covered with husks what split when the nuts are ripe36. The United States Social Security Act, enacted in 1935, contained three major programs a retirement fund, unemploymentinsurance, and welfare grants for local distribute37. The light produced by lasers is in general far more monochromatic, powerfully,nd coherent than that from any other light source38. Nineteenth-century United States artist John La Farge wasthe premier interior designer of his time, **missions for church interiors, private houses, and mural.。

托福(听力)历年真题试卷汇编5(题后含答案及解析)

托福（听力）历年真题试卷汇编5(题后含答案及解析) 题型有：1. Listening ComprehensionSection One：Listening Comprehension听力原文：Listen to a conversation between a student (S) and a consultant (C) in a computer lab.S: Could you check the settings on this computer?C: Sure. What seems to be the problem?S: I’ve clicked print like four times, but nothing is happening!C: Oh, this will be an easy fix. Today must be the first time you have been in the computer lab this month, right?S: Yeah, that’s right.C: All right. Well, on the first of this month we started something new. Ok, so you already know how to send something to the printer.S: Right. That is what I tried.C: So after that, we added a new step, printing stations.S: What are those?C: There is a station, well, a computer actually next to every printer now. You’ll need to go to the printing station and you’ll see a list of all the documents that people have sent to the printer. You’ll need to find your document on the list, and click on it.S: Ok.C: In the past, we had a lot of documents getting sent to the printer by mistake, so we ended up wasting a lot of paper. Hopefully, with this new system this won’t happen as much. Somebody might click print by mistake, but they are not gonna get up and walk to the printing station by mistake, too.S: I see, thanks!C: No problem. You’ll also see your printing allocation at the station, so you’ll know how many pages you have left for this term.S: Oh, good. Last term my roommate ran out and had to pay for printing.C: Yeah. It’s an issue. I couldn’t help but notice you are printing an application for the Green House?S: Yeah. An internship, through the biology department.C: Oh. Are you majoring in biology?S: Engineering, actually. The internship is not really related to my studies, but it sounded interesting, and it’s good to branch out—learn about new things in different areas.C: Oh, I ask only because I have a friend, someone I graduated with, who works in the Green House. He says it’s a great place to work.S: Cool! Is your friend involved in their summer youth program at all? That is what the internship is for—helping run that program. I think a lot of people will apply for this internship. It’d be great to know somebody on the inside!C: I don’t know exactly what he does there. I didn’t even know there was a youth program.S: Oh. I heard about it on the radio, the participants are gonna be planting grasses and flowers and stuff for the new green roofs on campus.C: Green roofs?S: Yeah. They are basically gardens on the tops of buildings.C: Why? So students here can study plant growth or something?S: That is not what they said on the radio. They said that green roofs can lower the temperature inside the building, so you don’t have to spend as much on air-conditioning.C: That’s a good idea!S: Yeah! Also in the city, storm water runoffs, you know, rainwater that runs into sewers and local lakes and rivers. This runoff apparently picks up a lot of pollution from the pavement, Green roofs absorb some of that rain, which reduces runoff, which in turn helps the water quality.1．Why is the woman having a problem at the computer lab?A．She is not aware of the new limit on printouts.B．She is not aware of the change in the process for printing documents.C．She cannot find updated printing instructions online.D．The computer she is using is not connected to a printer.正确答案：B解析：目的主旨题。

托福考试写作专项历年真题2024

托福考试写作专项历年真题2024托福考试是世界各地许多学生申请海外大学的必备考试之一。

写作部分是托福考试的重要组成部分，考察考生的逻辑思维能力、语言表达能力以及写作结构能力。

下面将针对2024年的托福考试写作真题进行分析和解答。

1. 第一篇文章2024年托福考试写作真题的第一篇文章是关于人工智能对社会和工作的影响。

文章认为人工智能的发展将会带来工作机会的减少和不公平的分配问题。

然而，文章也指出人工智能的发展将带来效率的提高和创造更多新兴行业。

针对这篇文章，我们需要分析其观点，并进行适当的回应。

首先，可以在第一段简要概括文章内容。

然后，在接下来的段落中，可以对人工智能对工作机会的减少和不公平分配进行讨论，并提出自己的观点和论证。

最后，可以谈论人工智能对效率提高和新兴行业的积极影响，并进一步加以证明。

2. 第二篇文章托福考试写作2024年真题的第二篇文章是关于学生是否应该兼职工作的问题。

文章认为学生应该专注于学业，不应分散精力去兼职工作。

然而，文章也提到兼职工作可以培养学生的社会经验和实际能力。

对于这篇文章，我们需要对其观点进行分析。

首先，可以在第一段陈述文章的内容和观点。

接下来的段落中，可以对学生兼职工作对学生学业的影响进行讨论，并提出自己的观点和理由。

最后，可以讨论兼职工作对学生社会经验和实际能力的益处，并进一步说明。

3. 第三篇文章托福考试写作2024年真题的第三篇文章是关于环保问题的。

文章提出环保是全球性的重要议题，应该得到更多的关注和行动。

文章还指出环保问题的解决需要国际合作和政府领导。

对于这篇文章，我们需要对其观点进行分析并回应。

首先，可在第一段简要概括文章内容和观点。

接下来的段落中，可以探讨环保问题的重要性，并提出自己对于环保的看法和解决方案。

最后，可以谈论国际合作和政府领导的重要性，并给出相应的论据。

4. 第四篇文章托福考试写作2024年真题的第四篇文章是关于城市化对农村地区的影响。

托福考试历年真题阅读理解专项2024

托福考试历年真题阅读理解专项2024第一篇阅读材料：Historical Archaeology and the Importance of Material CultureArchaeology is the study of human history and prehistory through the excavation of artifacts and structures. One subfield of archaeology, known as historical archaeology, focuses specifically on exploring the material culture of more recent societies. This approach combines traditional archaeological techniques with historical research to gain insight into the lives of past populations.Historical archaeology typically investigates the period from the emergence of written records up to the present day. By analyzing physical artifacts and structures, researchers can uncover valuable information about the daily lives, customs, and socioeconomic structures of these societies. For example, the discovery of household items and tools can reveal the daily routines and living conditions of the people who used them.Moreover, historical archaeology allows us to challenge and expand upon written records and historical accounts. While written sources often reflect the perspectives of the elite or powerful, archaeological evidence provides a more comprehensive understanding of all sectors of society. By analyzing the material remains of ordinary people, researchers can reconstruct a more complete narrative of the past.Furthermore, material culture can provide insight into cultural exchanges and global connections. Through the examination of trade goods, researchers can trace the movement of commodities and the interconnectedness ofdifferent regions. This perspective challenges the traditional nationalistic interpretations of history and emphasizes the interdependence of societies throughout time.In conclusion, historical archaeology is a valuable subfield that sheds light on the material culture of past societies. By combining archaeological techniques with historical research, we can gain a deeper understanding of the daily lives, socioeconomic structures, and cultural exchanges of these societies. Through the examination of artifacts and structures, historians and archaeologists can challenge written accounts and provide a more comprehensive narrative of human history.第二篇阅读材料：The Usefulness of Bees in AgricultureBees play a crucial role in agriculture as pollinators, as they transfer pollen from male to female flowers, allowing plants to reproduce. Without bees, many crops would fail to produce fruit, leading to a decline in food production and a negative impact on ecosystems. Therefore, the conservation and preservation of bee populations are of great importance to both farmers and environmentalists.Firstly, bees are responsible for pollinating a wide variety of crops, including fruits, vegetables, nuts, and oilseeds. By visiting multiple flowers in a single foraging trip, bees ensure the transfer of pollen, enabling successful fertilization. This process directly contributes to the production of many essential food items consumed by humans and livestock.Secondly, the economic value of bees in agriculture should not be underestimated. The pollination services provided by bees have been estimated to contribute billions of dollars to global food production annually. In addition to the direct economic benefits, the presence of bees in agricultural landscapes can enhance biodiversity and promote the sustainability of ecosystems.Moreover, bees also have indirect benefits for agriculture. The presence of bees in a field can increase crop yields and improve the quality of harvested produce. Studies have shown that crops exposed to bee pollination often have larger and more uniformly shaped fruits, which are more marketable. Therefore, farmers who actively encourage bee populations on their farms can reap the rewards of improved agricultural productivity.In conclusion, bees are indispensable in agriculture due to their role as pollinators. They contribute to the reproduction and productivity of crops, resulting in increased food production and economic benefits. Additionally, the presence of bees in agricultural ecosystems contributes to biodiversity and promotes sustainable farming practices. It is crucial to recognize the importance of bees and take steps to protect and preserve their populations for the benefit of both agriculture and the environment.总结：托福考试历年真题阅读理解专项2024的两篇阅读材料分别介绍了历史考古学和蜜蜂在农业中的重要性。

托福(口语)历年真题试卷汇编1(题后含答案及解析)

托福（口语）历年真题试卷汇编1(题后含答案及解析) 题型有： 4. SPEAKINGSPEAKINGSpeaking QuestionDirections: You will now be asked a question about a familiar topic. After you hear the question, you will have 15 seconds to prepare your response and 45 seconds to speak.1．You will now be asked a question about a familiar topic. After you hear the question, you will have 15 seconds to prepare your response and 45 seconds to speak.Which challenge in the list do you think is the most difficult for university students? Being far away from families, finding time to relax or making new friends.正确答案：Now university students face many challenges, but I think the most challenging part of all is being away from their family.Firstly, when they arrive at school, they are free from their parents for the first time in their life. Often, this leads to them having too much fun and not studying hard enough.Further, being far away from home means that students have to pay for their own meals, schedule their classes and study time accordingly, take the right classes, and make the right friends. Without family, these new responsibilities can sometimes be difficult.Being away from the ones you love most is surely the hardest part.解析：1．审题，从题干中找出关键词及相关信息，即“the most difficult”“university students”，所以考生要决定对大学生来说最困难的事是什么。

托福考试听力2024年历年真题集

托福考试听力2024年历年真题集2024年托福考试听力真题回顾在备考托福考试期间，熟悉历年真题是非常有帮助的。

本文将为大家提供托福考试听力部分2024年历年真题集，并对其中的一些常见题型进行分析和解答。

希望能帮助大家更好地理解托福考试听力，并在考试中取得好成绩。

Section 1[music playing]Narrator: Welcome to the first section of the Listening test. In this section, you will hear a conversation between two people. Listen carefully and answer the following questions.Question 1: What is the man looking for?Question 2: Where does he plan to go?Answer to Question 1: The man is looking for his wallet.Answer to Question 2: He plans to go to the library.Section 2Narrator: Now you will hear a lecture in an academic setting. Listen carefully and answer the following questions.Question 1: What is the main topic of the lecture?Question 2: What are the three main points the professor mentioned?Answer to Question 1: The main topic of the lecture is the importance of sustainable agriculture.Answer to Question 2: The three main points the professor mentioned are the use of organic fertilizers, crop rotation techniques, and irrigation methods.Section 3Narrator: In this section, you will hear a conversation between a student and a professor. Listen carefully and answer the following questions.Question 1: What is the main purpose of the student's visit?Question 2: What solution does the professor propose to the student's problem?Answer to Question 1: The main purpose of the student's visit is to discuss a research project.Answer to Question 2: The professor proposes that the student collaborate with a research group on campus.Section 4Narrator: Now you will hear an academic lecture. Listen carefully and answer the following questions.Question 1: What is the lecture mainly about?Question 2: What are the two theories mentioned by the professor?Answer to Question 1: The lecture is mainly about the development of artificial intelligence.Answer to Question 2: The two theories mentioned by the professor are the symbolic approach and the connectionist approach.总结以上是2024年托福考试听力部分的历年真题集。

托福(听力)历年真题试卷汇编2(题后含答案及解析)

托福(听力)历年真题试卷汇编2(题后含答案及解析)很抱歉，我不能为您提供一篇完整文章。

但是，我们可以一起来讨论托福听力准备和一些建议。

以下是一些建议，我希望对您有所帮助。

托福考试中的听力部分是考察考生听力技能的一个重要组成部分。

下面是一些建议，帮助您更好地准备托福听力考试。

1. 练习听力材料：多听英语音频，例如英语电台、录音和播客等，以提高听力技能。

通过反复听、逐步提高听力理解能力，并注意听懂不同口音和语速的说话人。

2. 做历年真题：历年真题能帮助您了解考试形式和问题类型，熟悉托福听力的难度和考察点。

通过做历年真题，您能更好地了解自己在听力方面的弱点，并有针对性地进行训练。

3. 注意时间管理：在考试中，时间非常宝贵。

练习做题时要注意时间控制，尽量模拟真实考试的时间限制。

这样可以帮助您提高做题速度和提高在有限时间内的准确性。

4. 注意听力策略：在听力过程中，注意关键词、逻辑词和线索词，这些词能帮助您理解和回答问题。

同时，可以预测问题的答案，这样在听录音时更容易抓住关键信息。

5. 多练习笔记技巧：在听力过程中，不仅要听懂，还要能将关键信息记录下来。

可以使用简洁的关键词、缩写或符号，快速记录听到的重要信息。

这样在回答问题时更加方便查找和理解。

6. 增加词汇量：扩充词汇量可以帮助您更好地理解听力材料。

通过阅读英语文章和词汇练习，加强词汇记忆和使用，提高听力的理解和辨别能力。

7. 练习不同题型：托福听力部分包含多种题型，例如选择题、填空题、匹配题等。

练习不同题型，使自己熟悉各种类型的问题，提高解题能力。

8. 注重听力材料细节：在听力过程中，要注重捕捉细节信息。

例如人物关系、时间顺序、地点等。

这些细节信息能帮助您更好地回答问题。

9. 制定学习计划：制定一个合理的学习计划，并保持持续性的学习。

每天都进行一些听力练习，保持对英语的接触和训练。

10. 参加模拟考试：最后，在备考期间进行一些模拟考试，模拟真实考试环境。

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2004年8月TOEFL试题PART ONE LISTENING1. (A) She left the videos in her other bag.(B) She will return one of the videos today.(C) She returned the videos last week.(D) She forgot how many videos she had borrowed.2. (A) She is not sure if there is a reduced price for students.(B) She is not willing to help the man.(C) She knows that students do not get a discount.(D) She thinks the tickets are free.3. (A) His sister studied at many different schools.(B) His sister will attend the same school he does.(C) His brother will come to visit soon.(D) He is not sure what his brother's plans are.4. (A) It might not be open.(B) It might have what the man is looking for.(C) It has less expensive clothing than the stores in town.(D) It does not sell sweaters.5. (A) The library will be closed later this afternoon.(B) The computers in the library are not working.(C) The man needs his computer all afternoon.(D) The woman lent her computer to somebody.6. (A) She has already paid the bill.(B) The bill should have been paid yesterday.(C) She has extra time to pay the bill.(D) The man can pay the bill next month.7. (A) He lost his watch.(B) lie thought the meeting was for a different day.(C) His history class ended 20 minutes late.(D) He was not paying attention to the time.8. (A) The man and the woman use the same computer.(B) The man cannot help the woman.(C) The woman cannot turn off the computer.(D) The man has helped the woman with her computer before.9. (A) She also thinks the lecture was interesting.(B) She was too tired to learn much from the lecture.(C) She missed the lecture this morning.(D) She did not finish the reading before the lecture.10. (A) Do something easier(B) Think of an idea himself(C) Tell her about his friend(D) Try asking someone else 11. (A) She does not like to carry her books around.(B) She prefers reading books to reading on a computer.(C) She did not know the colnputcr version was avadablc.(D) She uses the book when her computer is not working.12. (A) The woman should change her living arrangement.(B) The woman will have to call her roommate.(C) The woman should not spend so much time on the phone.(D) The woman does not clean her apartment often enough.13. (A) He is too busy to come to the picnic.(B) The weather on Sunday will not be good enough for a picnic.(C) The woman should not change the date of the picnic.(D) The woman should invite more people to the picnic.14. (A) Going to the opera is time-consuming.(B) There is no time left to order opera tickets.(C) She would like to go with the man to the opera.(D) She will help the man pay for the opera tickets.15. (A) Explain the article again(B) Compare one historical period to another(C) Tell the class what her opinion is(D) Assign the class only one article to read16. (A) The woman can call the owner from his house.(B) He wants the woman to give him the wallet.(C) He knows who the wallet belongs to.(D) The woman should leave the wallet at his house.17. (A) Read the articles right away(B) Finish typing the letters before 4 o'clock(C) Make the photocopies as soon as possible(D) Go to the meeting late18. (A) He will not be able to attend the class next Friday.(B) He thinks the class will meet as scheduled.(C) The woman should cancel her plans for the weekend.(D) The professor has canceled classes before.19. (A) Stay in bed until he feels better(B) Go see a doctor(C) Take less medicine(D) Take a walk to the drugstore20. (A) The woman needs more work experience.(B) The woman may need to work while attending graduate school.(C) The woman needs to finish writing her statement soon.(D) The woman's work experience is relevant to her career plans.21. (A) Tell her the man left without her(B) Ask her to call the man back later(C) Go to the newspaper office(D) Tell her the man will call her at 2 o'clock22. (A) The woman does not like to drink coffee in the afternoon(B) It was not the woman's coat that the man spilled coffee on.(C) The woman just had her coat cleaned.(D) The woman is not angry with the man.23. (A) The man will easily find a good job ill biochemistry.(B) The man should choose another field with more opportunities.(C) The man should try to get a job before he graduates.(D) The man needs to study harder to be a biochemist.24. (A) He will go to the art exhibition.(B) He did not get an invitation.(C) He already has other plans for Saturday.(D) He wants to join the publicity committee.25. (A) The toothpaste will soon be on sale.(B) She will lend the man seven dollars.(C) Toothpaste prices have risen sharply.(D) Many people are willing to buy the toothpaste.26. (A) She is worried about the midterm exam.(B) She heard the class is very difficult.(C) Professor Johnson is a new teacher.(D) Professor Johnson's leaching style will probably change.27. (A) Change his clothes before he goes hiking(B) Take a radio with him(C) Check the weather report in the local paper(D) Cancel his plans28. (A) She hopes to get into art school.(B) She is looking for a job as a commercial artist.(C) She has talents other than drawing.(D) She cannot decide upon a career.29. (A) He does not know how to get to the clinic.(B) He is going to the clinic for the first time.(C) The clinic will be closed by the time the woman gets there.(D) The woman is going the wrong way.30. (A) He will go to the film Saturday.(B) He will watch a basketball game on Saturday.(C) He will practice with the basketball team on Sunday.(D) He does not like to watch films. 31. (A) What the man's plans are for tonight(B) Why the man does not want to play tennis(C) Why they do not have time to play tennis after class today(D) What time they can meet in the library32. (A) Yesterday before dinner(B) Two days ago(C) Last weekend(D) One week ago33. (A) He drank too much coffee last night.(B) He has the flu.(C) He is nervous about his anthropology project.(D) He missed dinner last night.34. (A) Let him win a tennis game(B) Help him finish his anthropology project(C) Give him some medicine for his stomach(D) Lend him her anthropology book35. (A) Safety in poorly lighted areas(B) A new type of outdoor lighting(C) Highway safety(D) Color blindness36. (A) The weather will be foggy later(B) The man will have to leave after dinner.(C) She no longer enjoys walking at night.(D) She wants to avoid rush hour traffic.37. (A) The sodium bulbs used there are stronger than in residential neighborhoods.(B) The spacing of the lights helps ensure true color.(C) The bulbs on highways are a different color.(D) The headlights on cars counter the fade-out effect.38. (A) They last much longer than regular bulbs.(B) They are easy to replace.(C) They conform to the new construction code.(D) They are safer to use than regular bulbs.39. (A) Eliminating the original vegetation from the building site(B) Making the houses in an area similar to one another(C) Deciding where on a site a house will be built(D) Surrounding a building with wildflowers and plants40. (A) They are changed to make the site more interesting.(B) They are expanded to limit the amount of construction.(C) They are integrated into the design of the building.(D) They are removed for construction.41. (A) Because many architects studied with Wright(B) Because Wright started the practice of "land-scraping"(C) Because Wright used elements of envelope building(D) Because most of the houses Wright built were made of stone42. (A) Protecting buyers of paintings(B) Why copies of famous paintings are made(C) How paintings are sold in the United States(D) Protecting artists from illegal use of their work43. (A) After the artwork is reviewed by lawyers(B) After all documents are filed(C) When the artist first gets an idea(D) moment the work of art The is finished44. (A) The buyer has the right to reprint it.(B) The buyer is allowed to change it.(C) The artist continues to hold the copyright for it.(D) The artist must report the sale to the United States Copyright Office.45. (A) The United States Copyright Office created it.(B) It does not protect artists' techniques and procedures.(C) It has not been changed since its creation.(D) It is applied only to copies of the original work.46. (A) The original work of art increases in value.(B) An artist has greater legal protection.(C) Artists can sell their work abroad.(D) Artists are allowed to make changes in their own works.47. (A) To explain how sense organs normally function(B) To point out errors in a recent study(C) To discuss an unusual condition of the brain(D) To present a creative approach to teaching language skills48. (A) Remembering word definitions(B) Recognizing repeated numbers(C) Distinguishing between similar colors(D) Tasting sounds49. (A) To explain the causes of synesthesia(B) To prove that sound and color can affect a person's mood(C) To determine whether or not synesthesia exists(D) To show how creativity can be stimulated50. (A) Consistently associate words with certain colors(B) Memorize long lists of words (C) Use colored printing to learn pronunciation(D) Use words creatively in art objectsPART TWO GrammarIn tile philosophical school of pragmatism, -----certainty and there are no absolutes.(A) there is no(B) is there not(C) neither(D) no2. The femur, or thighbone, is in the human body.(A) the bone is longest(B) the longest bone that(C) the longest bone(D) that of which the longest bone3.------- different kinds of beans are cultivated throughout the world.(A) Many(B) Of the many(C) There are many(D) Many are the4. A major source of rock salt is domes, ------of rock salt embedded in surrounding layers of earth.(A) are that vertical cylinders(B) that vertical cylinders(C) cylinders are vertical(D) vertical cylinders5. Hot springs are one of the most characteristic features of areas of recent volcanic activity, although----- in other areas less abundantly.(A) also to have occurred(B) their occurrence also(C) also occur(D) they do also occur6. Soap operas, a type of television drama series, are so called because at first they were such as soap manufacturers.(A) commercial companies by sponsored(B) companies commercial by sponsored(C) sponsored by commercial companies(D) companies commercial sponsored by7. In the early 1900's, Albert Einstein showed, under special circumstances, matter and energy can be converted into one another.(A) in which(B) that(C) what(D) there are8.------in the United States began in the eighteenth century, when individuals, merchants, and colonial governments loaned money to one another.(A) Banking(B) When banking(C) It was banking(D) Banking was9. By performing specific motions, forager honeybees are able to recruit to gather at a recently discovered food source.(A) while their nestmates(B) so that their nestmates(C) their nestmates(D) their nestmates are10. Although the chemical elements niobium and tantalum are not quite zirconium and hafnium, the differences between them are slight(A) as similar(B) as similar as(C) similar than(D) that similar11. ------both safety and reliability have always been primary goals of the railway mechanical engineer.(A) Railroad history(B) Railroad history includes(C) Throughout railroad history(D) In railroad history there are12. The trumpet is-----of most dance and jazz bands.(A) a part is important(B) partly important(C) what part is important(D) an important part13. Most whole milk undergoes homogenization, -------hot milk is pumped through valves to break up and permanently disperse the fat globules.(A) a process(B) which process(C) a process in which(D) which is a process14. A lingua franca is any auxiliary language, -------a rudimentary kind, used as a medium of communication between people who speak different languages.(A) of which usually (B) which usually of(C) is usually of(D) usually of15. In 1865 the astronomer Maria Mitchell became appointedto the faculty of Vassar College.(A) as the first woman(B) the first woman was(C) the first woman(D) being the first woman16. Reptiles are found on land and in water, but they cannotalive in frigid climates because theyneed the Sun's warmth to give them energy_17. Stone tools began to be replaced around 6,000 years agoby metal tools, who were used to buildinstruments and simple machines.18. One of the most famous structures in the world, the Statue of Liberty is widely considered ainspiring symbol of hope and freedom.19. Buses were developed at the beginning of the twentieth century to compete with streetcars byproviding flexibility greater in routes.20. Abundant rainfall or irrigation is necessary during theearly grow period of coffee, but dryconditions during ripening produce beans with the best flavor.21. There was at least 2,000 years ago that inhabitants ofthe Northwest Coast of North Americafirst established trade mutes for obsidian.22. The simplest polymers are created when pressure or heat causes small molecules alter slightlyand link together in a long chain.A BDADA BDA BDA B CDA BDA B23. A Canadian Prime Minister must have the supportive of a majority of the members of the Houseof Commons to remain in office.24. The Ashcan school of painting concentrated on ordinary --even ugly--city scenes, renderingthey in straightforward, conventional styles that borderedoccasionally on illustration. 25. By. the end of the 1950"s, the suburban population of the United States totaled 60 million,approximately equivalence to the urban areas of the country.26. Because it is often dependent of the conditions of crystallization, the composition of theminerals in a rock can be important in determining the rock's geologic history. 27. Endemic diseases are diseases that habitual infect onlythose persons living within certaingeographical limits.28. Regional geography examines, on a regional basis, the ways in which the people local interact with the environment of the area where they live.29. The Mobile River and its tributaries, which flow south to the Gulf of Mexico, form most important river system in Alabama.30. Beneath the surface of the ocean there lies a hidden world inhabit by plants and animals we rarely see.31. Advertising's primary objective is to presell a product, that is, to convince consumers to purchasean item before they are actually see and inspect it.32. Fats and fixed oils are greasy or waxy substance that ill their pure state are normally tasteless,colorless, and odorless.'33. Of all the elements in the Earth's crust, oxygen is known to be the more common.34. In microphotography, processes photographic are used to reproduce text or illustrations onfilm in sizes requiring magnification for reading or viewing them.35. The round, hard-shelled nuts of the macadamia tree grow in clusters and are covered withhusks what split when the nuts are ripe.36. The United States Social Security Act, enacted in 1935, contained three major programs aretirement fund, unemployment insurance, and welfare grants for local distribute.37. The light produced by lasers is in general far more monochromatic, powerfully, and coherent than that from any other light source.38. Nineteenth-century United States artist John La Farge was the premier interior designer of histime , receiving commissions for church interiors, privatehouses, and mural. 39. During first ten years of the Space Age, which began in 1957, more than 500 artificial satellites were rocketed into orbit around the Earth.40. Settlers streamed into Connecticut River towns in soABCDABC D A B C D AB CDA B C D AB C DA B C D A BC DABDA B CA B CA BC DACDACA CDABCA BDAlarge numbers between 1765 and 1790that they nearly doubled the population of Hampshire County, Massachusetts.C DPART THREE READINGPeople living today in the northwestern state of Washington who have many sourcesof news in addition to newspapers must stretch their imaginations to understand theimportance of the press during much of the state's history. Beginning in 1852 withThe Cohumblan. the first paper in Washington Territory, ,lewspapers served to connectsettlers in frontier communities with each other and with the rnajor events of their times.Unlike many mid-century papers, The Columbian, published every Saturday in Olympia,one of Washington's larger towns, was "neutral in politics," meaning that it was not theorgan of a particular political party or religious group. For its first few years, it was theonly newspaper in the territory, but during the following decades, enterprisingWashingtonians founded many other papers. Few of these papers lasted long. Until theturn of the century, most were the production of an individual editor, who might beginwith insufficient capital or fail to attract a steady readership. Often working with nostaff at all, these editors wrote copy, set type, delivered papers, oversaw billing, andsold advertising. Their highly personal journals reflected their own tastes, politics, andknown as the "Oregon style"--graphic, torrid, and potentially libelous.Early newspapers were thick with print, carrying no illustrations or cartoons.Advertising was generally confined to the back pages and simply listed commoditiesreceived by local stores. Toward the end of the century, newspapers in Washingtonbegan to carry national advertising, especially from patent medicine companies, whichbought space from agencies that brokered ads in papers all over the country. By 1900,Washington boasted 19 daily and 176 weekly papers. Especially in the larger cities, theyreflected less the personal opinions of the editor than the interests of the large businessesthey had become. They subscribed to the Associated Press and United Press newsservices, and new technology permitted illustrations. Concentrating on features, crimereporting, and sensationalism, they imitated the new mass-circulation papers that WilliamRandolph Hearst and Joseph Pulitzer were making popular throughout the United States.1. What does the passage mainly discuss?(A) Ways in which various newspapers were advertised in Washington(B) The history of newspapers in Washington(C) Editors of the first Washington newspapers(D) The illustrations in early Washington newspapers2. What does the passage imply about early Washington newspapers?(A) People relied on them as their primary source of news.(B) They contained important historical articles.(C) They were not as informative as today's newspapers.(D) They rarely reflected the views of any particular religion.3. ln line 7. the word “'i t” re fers to(A) The Columbian (B) Olympia(C) religious group (D) political party4. In line 13, the word "oversaw" is closest in meaning to(A) estimated (B) supervised(C) collected (D) provided5. In line 15, the word "'delivered'" is closest in meaning to (A) confirmed (B) compared(C) questioned (D) presented6. According to the passage, which of the following was true of curly Washington newspapers?(A) Most were owned by part-time editors who worked at other jobs.(B) Most were run by editors who had little or no earlier newspaper experience.(C) Most received financial support from the town in which they were published.(D) Most stayed in business for only a short while.7. What does the author mention as typical of earlynewspaper editors from Washington?(A) Their capital grew rapidly.(B) Their political opinions changed with time.(C) They had many types of responsibilities.(D) They were generally members of the same political party.8. Which of the following can be inferred from the passage about advertising in Washington newspapers of the mid-nineteenth century?(A) It contained information about patent medicines.(B) It focused on local rather than national products.(C) It was printed on entire pages distributed in local stores.(D) It was the only part of the paper containing cartoons.9. In line 22, the word "boasted" is closest in meaning to(A) planned(B) financed(C) was forced to close(D) took pride in havingEuropa is the smallest of planet Jupiter's four largest moons and the second moonout from Jupiter. Until 1979, it was just another astronomy textbook statistic. Thencame the close-up images obtained by the exploratory spacecraft Voyager 2, and withindays, Europa was transformed--in our perception, at least--into one of the solar system'smost intriguing worlds. The biggest initial surprise was the ahnost total lack of detail,especially from far away. Even at close range, the only visible features are thin, kinkedbrown lines resembling cracks in an eggshell. And this analogy is not far offthe mark.The surface of Europa is almost pure water ice, but a nearly complete absence ofcraters indicates that Europa's surface ice resembles Earth's Antarctic ice cap. Theeggshell analogy may be quite accurate since the ice could be as little as a few kilometersthick--a tree shell around what is likely a subsurface liquid ocean that, in turn, encasesa rocky core. The interior of Europa has been kept warm over the cons by tidal forcesgenerated by the varying gravitational tugs of the other big moons as they wheel aroundJupiter. The tides on Europa pull and relax in an endless cycle. The resulting internal heatkeeps what would otherwise be ice melted almost to the surface. The cracklike marks onEuropa's icy face appear to be fractures where water or slush oozes from below.Soon after Voyager 2's encounter with Jupiter in 1979, when the best images ofEuropa were obtained, researchers advanced the startling idea that Europa's subsurfaceocean might harbor life. Life processes could have begun when Jupiter was releasing avast store of internal heat. Jupiter's early heat was produced by the compression of thematerial forming the giant planet. Just as the Sun is far less radiant today than the primalSun, so the internal heat generated by Jupiter is minor compared to its former intensity.During this warm phase, some 4.6 billion years ago, Europa's ocean may have been liquidright to the surface, making it a crucible for life.10. What does the passage mainly discuss?(A) The effect of the tides on Europa's interior(B) Temperature variations on Jupiter's moons(C) Discoveries leading to a theory about one of Jupiter's moons(D) Techniques used by Voyager 2 to obtain close-up images11. The word "intriguing" in line 5 is closest in meaning to(A) changing(B) perfect(C) visible(D) fascinating12. In line 7, the author mentions "cracks in an eggshell" in order to help readers(A) visualize Europa as scientists saw it in the Voyager2 images(B) appreciate the extensive and detailed informalion available by viewing Europa from far away(C) understand the relationship of Europa to the solar system(D) recognize the similarity of Europa to Jupiter's other moons13. It can be inferred from the passage that astronomy textbooks prior to 1979(A) provided many contradictory statistics about Europa(B) considered Europa the most important of Jupiter's moons(C) did not emphasize Europa because little information of interest was available(D) did not mention Europa because it had not yet been discovered14. What does the author mean by stating in line 7 that "this analogy is not far off the mark"?(A) The definition is not precise.(B) The discussion lacks necessary information.(C) The differences are probably significant.(D) The comparison is quite appropriate.15. It can be inferred from the passage that Europa and Antarctica have in common which of the following?(A) Both appear to have a surface with many craters.(B) Both may have water beneath a thin, hard surface.(C) Both have an ice cap that is melting rapidly.(D) Both have areas encased by a rocky exterior.16. The word "endless" in line 14 is closest in meaning to(A) new(B) final(C) temporary(D) continuous17. According to the passage, what is the effect of Jupiter's other large moons on Eurnpa?(A) They prevent Europa's subsurface waters from freezing.(B) They prevent tides that could damage Europa's surface.(C) They produce the very hard layer of ice that characterizes Europa.(D) They assure that the gravitational pull on Europa is maintained at a steady level.18. According to the passage, Voyager 2's images Ied rcsearchers to develop which of the following theories'?(A) Jupiter may be hotter today than it once was.(B) Europa is far older than scientists originally thought(C) Europa's temperature is maintained by Jupiter's vast store of internal heat.(D) The ocean waters of Europa could contain some forms of life.19 The word "it" in line 24 refers to(A) internal heat(B) warm phase(C) Europa's ocean (D) surfaceThe term "print" has several meanings, so it is important to understand exactly what ismeant by the artistic terminology. A print in the artistic sense is not a reproduction of awork of art done in some other medium, such as painting or drawing. That can in no sensebe considered a work of art, since the artist had no involvement with it. A print is an originalwork of art created by an indirect method. Instead of making an image directly on a surface,as in drawing or painting, the artist works on a master surface, which may be a sheet ofmetal, a block of stone, wood, plastic, or linoleum. From this master surface, numerousimpressions may be made by inking the surface, laying a sheet of paper on it, and thensubjecting both surface and paper to pressure, generally by means of a printing press.A print may exist in several versions. Sometimes the printmaker alters the image betweenimpressions, so that each print is slightly different from the others. Any series of such printsis referred to as multiples. The number of impressions (known as the edition) that arepossible from a single original varies with the material. Prints made from linoleum, whichwears readily, will be fewer than those made from a metal plate, which is capable of strikingfine-quality prints in the thousands. It is customary to number prints as they come off thepress, the earlier impressions being the finest and therefore the most desirable.Prints incorporate the same compositional principles, as paintings. Line, shape, or texturemay be the predominant element according to the printing technique used. Some prints haveobvious decorative qualities while others may be filled with emotional impact.Printmaking derives from two historical sources: early woodblocks into which animage was cut and used to illustrate a book or playing cards, and the medieval practice ofdecorating metal with incised designs, as in armor. Today most techniques fall into one of。