WP-5Essential Cooling System Requirements for Next Generation Data Centers - Rev. 3
使用说明和安装说明说明书
R e g i s t e ry o u rn e w d e v i c eo nM y B o s c h no w a n dg e t f r e e b en e f i t s:b o sc h-h o me.c o m/w e l c o m e Warming drawerBIC510N.0W BID510N.0W[en]User manual and installation instructions2 [zh]使用说明和安装说明11en Safety2Table of contentsINFORMATION FOR USE 1Safety.................................................................... 22Preventing material damage ............................... 33Environmental protection and saving en-ergy....................................................................... 34Familiarising yourself with your appliance........ 45Before using for the first time............................. 46Tableware............................................................. 47Basic operation.................................................... 58Preheating tableware........................................... 59Keeping food warm.............................................. 510Cleaning and servicing........................................ 611Troubleshooting................................................... 612How it works......................................................... 713Customer Service. (814)INSTALLATION INSTRUCTIONS (8)14.4Safe installation ...................................................91 SafetyObserve the following safety instructions.1.1 General information¡Read this instruction manual carefully.¡Keep the instruction manual and the product information safe for future refer-ence or for the next owner.¡Do not connect the appliance if it has been damaged in transit.1.2 Intended useThis appliance is designed only to be built into kitchen units. Read the special installation instructions.Only a licensed professional may connect ap-pliances without plugs. Damage caused by in-correct connection is not covered under the warranty.Only use this appliance:¡To keep food warm and to warm cookware.¡In private households and in enclosed spaces in a domestic environment.¡Up to an altitude of max. 4000 m abovesea level.Do not use the appliance:¡On boats or in vehicles.¡with an external timer or a remote control.1.3 Restriction on user groupThis appliance may be used by children aged 8 or over and by people who have reduced physical, sensory or mental abilities or inad-equate experience and/or knowledge,provided that they are supervised or have been instructed on how to use the appliance safely and have understood the resulting dangers.Do not let children play with the appliance.Children must not perform cleaning or user maintenance unless they are at least 15 years old and are being supervised.Keep children under the age of 8 years away from the appliance and power cable.1.4 Safe useWARNING ‒ Risk of fire!The inside of the appliance gets very hot and may cause flammable materials to ignite.▶Never place flammable objects or plasticcontainers in the appliance.WARNING ‒ Risk of burns!The accessories and cookware become very hot during operation.▶Always use oven gloves when removing hot accessories or cookware from the ap-pliance.The inside of the appliance becomes very hot during operation.▶Never touch the inside of the appliance while it is hot.▶Keep children away from the appliance.The appliance becomes hot during operation.▶Allow the appliance to cool down beforecleaning.WARNING ‒ Risk of electric shock!Incorrect repairs are dangerous.▶Repairs to the appliance should only be carried out by trained specialist staff.▶Only use genuine spare parts when repair-ing the appliance.▶If the power cord of this appliance is dam-aged, it must be replaced by trained spe-cialist staff.Preventing material damage en3If the insulation of the power cord is dam-aged, this is dangerous.▶Never let the power cord come into contact with hot appliance parts or heat sources.▶Never let the power cord come into contact with sharp points or edges.▶Never kink, crush or modify the power cord.An ingress of moisture can cause an electric shock.▶Do not use steam- or high-pressure clean-ers to clean the appliance.If the appliance or the power cord is dam-aged, this is dangerous.▶Never operate a damaged appliance.▶Never pull on the power cord to unplug the appliance. Always unplug the appliance at the mains.▶If the appliance or the power cord is dam-aged, immediately unplug the power cord or switch off the fuse in the fuse box.▶Call customer services. →Page 8WARNING ‒ Risk of suffocation!Children may put packaging material over their heads or wrap themselves up in it and suffocate.▶Keep packaging material away from chil-dren.▶Do not let children play with packaging ma-terial.Children may breathe in or swallow small parts, causing them to suffocate.▶Keep small parts away from children.▶Do not let children play with small parts.2 Preventing material damageATTENTION!Excessive weight may damage the appliance.▶The appliance has a maximum load capacity of 15 kg.Moisture may damage the appliance.▶Do not use the appliance to store food and drinks.The humidity of the food may cause corrosion dam-age.3 Environmental protection and saving energy3.1 Disposing of packagingThe packaging materials are environmentally compat-ible and can be recycled.▶Sort the individual components by type and dispose of them separately.en Familiarising yourself with your appliance44 Familiarising yourself with your appliance4.1 ApplianceYou can find an overview of the parts of your appliance here.4.2 ControlsYou can use the control panel to configure all functions of your appliance and to obtain information about the 5 Before using for the first timeConfigure the settings for initial start-up. Clean the ap-pliance and accessories.5.1 Cleaning and heating up the appliance before using it for the first time1.Clean the appliance.2.Remove the accessories.3.Heat up the appliance at 80 °C for one hour.a Smoke development and odour development arenormal.6 TablewareThese instructions help you to avoid damaging your tableware.6.1 Suitable tablewareThe warming drawer has a maximum load capacity of 15 kg. You can use it to preheat the place settings for 6 or 12 people, for example.Drawer – 14 cm Drawer – 29 cm 6 dinner plates 24 cm diameter 12 dinner plates 24 cm diameter 6 soup bowls 10 cm diameter 12 soup bowls 10 cm diameter 1 bowl 19 cm diameter 1 bowl 22 cm diameter 1 bowl17 cm diameter 1 bowl 19 cm diameter 1 meat platter32 cm1 bowl17 cm diameter 2 meat platters32 cmBasic operation en57 Basic operation7.1 Opening the appliance▶Press on the centre of the warming drawer.a The warming drawer pops open and can be pulledout.7.2 Closing the appliance▶Press on the centre of the warming drawer andpush it back in.7.3 Switching on the appliance▶Press .7.4 Switching off the appliance▶Press .7.5 Setting the temperature▶Set the temperature to any value between , and .8 Preheating tablewareFood does not cool down as quickly on preheated tableware. Drinks also remain warm for longer.8.1 Starting the "Preheat tableware"functionWARNING ‒ Risk of burns!Drinking vessels become very hot at high temperat-ures.▶For drinking vessels, set the settings to .1.Place an anti-slip mat at the bottom of the drawer toprevent the tableware scratching the interior surface of the drawer.2.Place the tableware in the warming drawer.‒Distribute the tableware across the entire bottom of the warming drawer to reduce the preheating time.Do not block the ventilation opening with tall items of tableware or stacks of plates. Keeping the ventila-tion opening clear ensures that hot air can circulate efficiently.3.Turn the temperature selector to set the required temperature.A setting of up to is suitable for tableware. For drinking vessels, the settings from to are suit-able.4.Switch on the appliance.a The operation indicator lights up, the applianceheats up and the fan runs.5.Close the warming drawer.Note: The preheating time depends on the material,thickness, quantity and distribution of the tableware.For place settings for 6 people, the preheating time is approx. 15-25 minutes.8.2 Ending the "Preheat cookware" functionWARNING ‒ Risk of burns!The accessories and/or cookware become very hot during operation.▶Always use oven gloves to remove accessories or cookware from the cooking compartment.1.Open the warming drawer.2.Switch off the appliance.3.Remove the cookware.9 Keeping food warmYou can use the warming drawer to keep food warm for a certain period of time.We advise against keeping food warm for longer than an hour. Suitable food includes meat, poultry, fish,sauces, vegetables, side dishes and soups.9.1 Starting the "Keep food warm" functionATTENTION!Hot cookware from the hob damages the anti-slip mat in the warming drawer.▶Never take hot pots and pans off the hob and place them directly on the anti-slip mat.1.Place an anti-slip mat at the bottom of the drawer toprevent the tableware scratching the interior surface of the drawer.The anti-slip mat is food-safe. Dry food can be heated directly on the anti-slip mat in the warming drawer. The anti-slip mat must then be cleaned.2.Place the tableware in the warming drawer.3.Turn the temperature selector to set the required temperature.4.Switch on the appliance.a The operation indicator lights up, the appliance heats up and the fan runs.5.Preheat the tableware for approx. 10 minutes.6.Place food into the preheated tableware.‒Do not completely fill the tableware with food to prevent any content from spilling out when you open and close the warming drawer.‒Cover food which dries out easily with a heat-res-istant lid or aluminium foil.7.Close the warming drawer.en Cleaning and servicing69.2 Ending the "Keep food warm" functionWARNING ‒ Risk of burns!The accessories and/or cookware become very hot during operation.▶Always use oven gloves to remove accessories or cookware from the cooking compartment.1.Open the warming drawer.2.Switch off the appliance.3.Remove the cookware.10 Cleaning and servicingTo keep your appliance working efficiently for a long time, it is important to clean and maintain it carefully.10.1 Cleaning productsYou can obtain suitable cleaning products from after-sales service or the online shop.ATTENTION!Unsuitable cleaning products may damage the sur-faces of the appliance.▶Do not use harsh or abrasive detergents.▶Do not use cleaning products with a high alcohol content.▶Do not use hard scouring pads or cleaning sponges.▶Only use glass cleaners, glass scrapers or stainless steel care products if recommended in the cleaning instructions for the relevant part.▶Wash sponge cloths thoroughly before use.10.2 Cleaning the applianceWARNING ‒ Risk of electric shock!An ingress of moisture can cause an electric shock.▶Do not use steam- or high-pressure cleaners toclean the appliance.WARNING ‒ Risk of burns!The appliance becomes hot during operation.▶Allow the appliance to cool down before cleaning.Requirement: The appliance is switched off.1.Clean the appliance with a damp cloth and a neutral cleaning agent, such as washing-up liquid and wa-ter.2.Dry with a soft cloth.10.3 Cleaning the stainless steel surfaces1.Always remove limescale, grease, starch or albuminstains immediately.Corrosion may form under such stains.2.Clean with water and some washing-up liquid.3.Dry with a soft cloth.10.4 Cleaning the glass front▶Clean the glass front using a glass cleaning productand a soft cloth.‒Do not use any abrasive sponges that may scratch or any glass scrapers.10.5 Cleaning the anti-slip mat1.Remove the anti-slip mat to clean it.2.Clean the anti-slip mat with washing-up liquid.11 TroubleshootingYou can rectify minor faults on your appliance yourself.Read the troubleshooting information before contactingafter-sales service. This will avoid unnecessary costs.WARNING ‒ Risk of injury!Improper repairs are dangerous.▶Repairs to the appliance should only be carried out by trained specialist staff.▶If the appliance is defective, call Customer Service.WARNING ‒ Risk of electric shock!Incorrect repairs are dangerous.▶Repairs to the appliance should only be carried out by trained specialist staff.▶Only use genuine spare parts when repairing the appliance.▶If the power cord of this appliance is damaged, it must be replaced by trained specialist staff.11.1 MalfunctionsFaultCause and troubleshooting The cookware or food is not heating up.There has been a power cut.▶Check whether the lighting in your kitchen or other appliances are working.The appliance is switched off.▶Switch the appliance on.The warming drawer is not completely closed.▶Close the warming drawer.How it works en7FaultCause and troubleshooting The appliance is not working.The circuit breaker is faulty.▶Check the circuit breaker in the fuse box.The cookware or food does not get warm enough.The cookware or food has not been heated for long enough.▶Heat the cookware or the food for a longer period of time.The warming drawer is not completely closed.▶Close the warming drawer.The warming drawer was open for a long time.▶Close the warming drawer.The warming drawer was not adequately preheated.▶Preheat the warming drawer sufficiently.The ventilation opening has been blocked by tableware.▶Remove tall tableware from the ventilation opening.The operation indic-ator light does not light up.The operation indicator light is defective.▶Call the after-sales service. → "Customer Service", Page 8The fuse in the fuse box has blown.The circuit breaker is faulty.▶Pull out the mains plug.▶Call the after-sales service. → "Customer Service", Page 812 How it worksHere, you can find the ideal settings for various dishes as well as the best accessories and cookware. We have tailored these recommendations to your appliance.12.1 Recommended settingsThe following settings have been specially tested for your appliance.Tableware and drinking vessels DishPreheating thePreheating tableware Level InformationDefrosting frozen foods DishPreheating the Preheating tableware LevelInformationen Customer Service 8Warming DishPreheating thePreheating tableware Level InformationmuffinsKeeping warm DishPreheating the Preheating tablewareLevel InformationMelting DishPreheating the Preheating tableware LevelInformationProving dough Dish Preheating thePreheating tableware Level Information trays13 Customer ServiceDetailed information on the warranty period and terms of warranty in your country is available from our after-sales service, your retailer or on our website.If you contact Customer Service, you will require the product number (E-Nr.) and the production number (FD) of your appliance.The contact details for Customer Service can be found in the enclosed Customer Service directory or on our website.13.1 Product number (E-Nr.) and production number (FD)You can find the product number (E-Nr.) and the pro-duction number (FD) on the appliance's rating plate.You can see the rating plate with these numbers when you open the drawer.Make a note of your appliance's details and the Cus-tomer Service telephone number to find them again quickly.14 Installation instructionsObserve this information when installing the appliance.Installation instructions en914.1 Included with the applianceAfter unpacking all parts, check for any transport dam-age and for completeness of delivery.14 cm29 cm14.2 Installation in the cabinetYou will find the dimensions of the appliance here14 cm29 cm14.3 Instructions for the electrical connectionIn order to safely connect the appliance to the elec-trical system, follow these instructions.¡The appliance must only be connected to a protect-ive contact socket that has been correctly installed.Only a qualified electrician may install a socket or replace the connecting cable, taking the appropriate regulations into account.¡The appliance must only be connected with the power cable provided. Connect the power cable to the back of the appliance.¡Connecting cables with various plug types are avail-able from after-sales service.¡No multi-plugs, multiple connectors or extension leads must be used. Overloading causes a risk of fire.¡If the plug can no longer be reached after the in-stallation, a partition must be provided in the phases in the permanent electrical installation in accord-ance with the installation regulations.Follow these safety instructions when in-stalling the appliance.WARNING ‒ Risk of suffocation!Children may put packaging material over their heads or wrap themselves up in it and suffocate.▶Keep packaging material away from chil-dren.▶Do not let children play with packaging ma-terial.WARNING ‒ Risk of electric shock!If the insulation of the power cord is dam-aged, this is dangerous.▶Never let the power cord come into contact with hot appliance parts or heat sources.▶Never let the power cord come into contact with sharp points or edges.▶Never kink, crush or modify the power cord.en Installation instructions10WARNING ‒ Risk of injury!Sharp-edged parts may be accessible during installation.▶Wear protective gloves.14.5 InstallationFitted unitsThis is where you can find information about safe in-stallation.ATTENTION!Covering the ventilation slots and air intake openings causes the appliance to overheat.▶Do not cover ventilation slots and air intake open-ings.If the appliance is installed behind a decorative panel,this may cause it to overheat.▶Do not install the appliance behind a decorative panel.The built-in unit must not have a rear panel behind the appliance.The minimum distance between the wall and the cab-inet base or back wall of the cabinet that is situated above must be complied with.Observe the installation instructions for the appliance installed above.If no intermediate floor is possible above the appliance or above the oven, install tilt protection for the appli-ance. Suitable tilt protection can be obtained from cus-tomer service, on our website or in the online shop.Installing the applianceWARNING ‒ Risk of electric shock!If the insulation of the power cord is damaged, this is dangerous.▶Never let the power cord come into contact with hot appliance parts or heat sources.▶Never let the power cord come into contact with sharp points or edges.▶Never kink, crush or modify the power cord.WARNING ‒ Risk of injury!After removing the transport lock, the drawer may open suddenly during transport.▶Transport the appliance in such a way that the drawer does not accidentally open.The high weight of the appliance may result in injury when lifted.▶Do not lift the appliance on your own.1.Insert the power cord into a protective contactsocket.The power cord must not touch the rear and base of the appliance after installation.2.Insert the appliance.3.Centre the appliance.4.5.Remove and dispose of the protective padding.安全性 zh 11目录使用说明书1安全性 (11)2避免财产损失 (12)3环境保护和节约 (12)4了解机器 (12)5首次使用前 (12)6餐具 (13)7操作基本知识 (13)8预热餐具 (13)9食物保温 (13)10清洁和保养 (14)11处理故障 (14)12工作原理 (15)13客户服务 (16)14安装说明书 (16)14.4安全安装..............................................................171 安全性请注意以下安全注意事项。
诺基亚电动自行车 Electropak 技术数据说明书
Technical DataBasic technical dataNumber of cylinders.. ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...6 Cylinder arrangement... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...vertical in-line Cycle. ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... .4 stroke Induction system... ... ... ... turbocharged, air-to-air charge cooling Combustion system.. ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... direct injection diesel Compression ratio. ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...16,3:1Bore.. ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 130 mm Stroke ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 157 mm Cubic capacity .. ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ..12,5 litres Direction of rotation... ... anticlockwise when viewed from flywheel Firing order (number 1 cylinder furthest from flywheel)1-5-3-6-2-4Estimated total weight of Electropak (dry) ... ... ... ... ... ... .1478 kg Estimated total weight of Electropak (wet) ... ... ... ... ... ... .1582 kgOverall dimensions - Electropak-height... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ..1725 mm -length (air cleaner fitted).. ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ..2410 mm -width ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... . 1120 mmMoments of inertia (mk²)Engine... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... .1,36 kgm²Flywheel ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 1.41 kgm²Centre of gravityForward of rear face of cylinder block... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 650 mm Above crankshaft centre line ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 250 mmCyclic irregularity-1500 rev/min ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ..1,54-1800 rev/min ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ..1,82PerformanceNote:All data based on operation to ISO 3046-1, BS5514 AND DIN 6271standard reference conditions.All data based on 42584 MJ/kg calorific value for diesel conforming to specification BS2869 ClassA2All ratings certified to within .. ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... + 3%Steady state speed capability at constant load - G2.. ... .. + 0,25%Test conditions-air temperature . ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...25 °C -barometric pressure.. ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...100 kPa -relative humidity ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 30 %-air inlet restriction at maximum power (nominal).. ... ... ... 2,5 kPa -exhaust back pressure at maximum power (nominal).. ... 6,8 kPa -fuel temperature (inlet pump) ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...40 °CSound levelSound pressure level (exhaust piped away, cooling pack and air cleaner fitted)-1500 rev/min. ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 102 dB(A)-1800 rev/min. ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... .104,6 dB(A)If the engine is to operate in ambient conditions other than those of the test conditions, suitable adjustments must be made for these changes. For full details, contact Perkins Technical Service Department.Emissions capability: All 2206A ratings are to ‘best fuel consumption’ and do not comply to Harmonised International regulation Emission Limits.General installation DesignationUnits Prime Standby Prime Standby 50Hz @ 1500 rev/min60Hz @ 1800 rev/minGross engine powerkWb 324,2368,4373,4406,5Brake mean effective pressure kPa 2061235519842171Combustion air flow (at rated speed)m³/min 21,323,627,429,0Exhaust gas flow (Max.)m³/min 56,664,867,573,5Exhaust gas mass flowkg/min 25,127,832,634,5Exhaust gas temperature (turbocharger outlet)°C630630630660Boost pressure ratio2,83,23,13,4Overall thermal efficiency (nett)%41,340,840,740,3Typical genset electrical output (0.8pf 25 °C)kWe 280320320350kVA 350400400438Assumed alternator efficiency %9292Energy balance Energy in fuelkWt 739,9854,1857,0945,7Energy in power output (gross)kWb 324,2368,4373,4406,5Energy to additional losses kWb 4,95,55,66,1Energy to cooling fan kWm 1419Energy in power output (nett)kWt 305,3348,9348,8381,4Energy to exhaustkWt 213,2245,3244,7273,7Energy to coolant and lubricating oil kWt 113,5128,5130,2139,5Energy to charge cooler kWt 64,879,768,476,5Energy to radiationkWt24,132,240,349,5 - 2206A-E13TAG22200 Series2206A-E13TAG2 2206A-E13TAG3ElectropaKGeneral installationDesignation Units Prime Standby Prime Standby50Hz @ 1500 rev/min60Hz @ 1800 rev/min Gross engine power kWb368,4412,5373,4406,5 Brake mean effective pressure kPa2344263719842171 Combustion air flow (at rated speed)m³/min24,326,427,429,0 Exhaust gas flow (Max.)m³/min64,672,567,573,5 Exhaust gas mass flow kg/min28,130,932,634,5 Exhaust gas temperature (turbocharger outlet)°C630630660660 Boost pressure ratio3,23,53,13,4 Overall thermal efficiency (nett)%41,440,940,740,3Typical genset electrical output (0.8pf 25 °C)kWe320360320350 kVA400450400438Assumed alternator efficiency%9292Energy balanceEnergy in fuel kWt842,6958,2857,0945,7 Energy in power output (gross)kWb368,4412,5373,4406,5 Energy to additional losses kWb5,56,25,66,1 Energy to cooling fan kWm1419Energy in power output (nett)kWt348,9392,3348,8381,4 Energy to exhaust kWt252,6290,4244,7273,7 Energy to coolant and lubricating oil kWt127,3139,9130,2139,5 Energy to charge cooler kWt60,375,568,476,5 Energy to radiation kWt34,039,840,349,6 - 2206A-E13TAG3Rating definitionsPrime powerVariable load. Unlimited hours usage with an average load factor of 70% of the published Prime Power rating over each 24 hour period.A 10% overload is available for 1 hour in every 12 hours of operationStandby powerVariable load. Limited to 500 hours annual usage up to 300 hours of which may be continuous running, No overload is permittedCooling systemRadiatorFace area . ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...1,238 m²Number of rows and materials . ... ... ... ... ... ... .1rows, aluminium Matrix density and material .. ... ... ... ..12 fins per inch, aluminium Width of matrix . ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... . 1048 mm Height of matrix ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... . 1100 mm Weight of radiator (dry). ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ..132 kg Pressure cap setting (min) ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ..70 kPa Charge coolerFace area.. ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...1,006 m²Number of rows and materials . ... ... ... ... ... ... .1rows, aluminium Matrix density and material .. ... ... ... ..12 fins per inch, aluminium Width of matrix . ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 915 mm Height of matrix ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... . 1100 mm Coolant pumpSpeed @ 1500 rev/min. ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 2056 rev/min Speed @ 1800 rev/min. ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 2468 rev/min Drive method. ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... .Gear FanDiameter ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 927 mm Drive ratio.. ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...0,92:1 Number of blades.. ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... .. 9 Material. ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... .composite Type.. ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... . pusher Cooling fan air flow @ 1500 rev/min. ... ... ... ... ... ... ...654 m³/min Cooling fan air flow @ 1800 rev/min. ... ... ... ... ... ... ...788 m³/min CoolantTotal system capacity ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... . 51,4 litres Max. top tank temperature ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ..104 °C Temperature rise across engine... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 10 °C Max. pressure in engine cooling circuit. ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ..70 kPa Max. permissible external system resistance ... ... ... ... ... ..30 kPa Max. static pressure head on pump.. ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ..30 kPa Coolant flow (min) against 30 kPa rstriction@ 1500 rev/min. ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... .5,3 litres/sec @ 1800 rev/min. ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... .6,7 litres/sec Thermostat operation range.. ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 87 to 98°C For details of recommended coolant specifications, refer to the Operation and Maintenance Manual for this engine model Duct allowanceDuct allowance 2206A-E13TAG2 - standbyMaximum additional retsriction (duct allowance) to cooling airflow and resultant minimum airflowEngine speedrev/minAmbient clear-ance inhibitedcoolant °CDuctallowancePam³/min 150059200563180059200716Duct allowance 2206A-E13TAG3 - standbyMaximum additional retsriction (duct allowance) to cooling airflow and resultant minimum airflowEngine speedrev/minAmbient clear-ance inhibitedcoolant °CDuctallowancePam³/min 150055200563180059200716Electrical system-type... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... .24 Volt negative earth Alternator type ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... .22SI -alternator voltage.. ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ..24V -alternator output ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ..70A Starter motor type.. ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...39MT -starter motor voltage. ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ..24V -starter motor power... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... .7,8 kW Number of teeth on flywheel.. ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ..113 Number of teeth on starter pinion.. ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... (11)Minimum cranking speed... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 106 rev/min Starter solenoid maximum-pull-in current @ 0°C ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 200A -hold-in current @ 0°C... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ..25A Cold start recommendations-5°C to -10°Coil... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ..SAE grade 15W40 Starter ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...42MT Battery ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 24 volts Max. breakaway current. ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ..1311 amps Cranking current ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 588 amps Starting aids (ECM controlled)... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... none Min. mean cranking speed. ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... .106 rev/min -11°C to -25°Coil... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... SAE grade 5W40 Starter ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...42MT Battery ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 24 volts Max. breakaway current. ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ..1585 amps Cranking current ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 828 amps Starting aids (ECM controlled)... block heater 1,5kW (110V/240V) Min. mean cranking speed. ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... .106 rev/min Notes:z Battery capacity is defined by the 20 hour ratez The oil specification should be for the minimum ambient temperature as the oil will not be warmed by the immersion heaterz Breakaway current is dependent on the battery capacity available. Cables should capable of handling transient current twice that of cranking current.Exhaust systemMaximum back pressure-1800 rev/min . ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... .10,0 kPa Exhaust outlet, internal diameter. ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... . 123 mm Fuel systemInjection system... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ..MEUI Injector type. ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ..MEUI Governor type.. ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... electronic Governing conforms to ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... .ISO 8528-5 Class G2 Injector pressure.. ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... .207 MPa Fuel lift pump-lift pump type.. ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... .gear driven -lift pump delivery @1500 rev/min... ... ... ... ... ... ... 480 litres/hour -lift pump delivery @1800 rev/min... ... ... ... ... ... ... 600 litres/hour -lift pump delivery pressure. ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ..621 kPa -max. suction head at pump inlet ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... .3 m -max. static pressure head.. ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... .4 m -max. fuel inlet temperature. ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ..55 °C -fuel filter spacing primary... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... .10 microns -fuel filter spacing secondary... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...2 microns Fuel specificationBS2869 Class A2 or BSEN590ASTM D975 Class 1D and class 2DNote:For further information on fuel specifications and restrictions, refer to the OMM, “Fluid Recommendations” for this engine model. Induction systemMaximum air intake restriction-clean filter... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...2,5 kPa -dirty filter. ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...6,4 kPa -air filter type ... ... ... ... ... ... ... . paper element - 15 inch diameterLubrication systemMaximum total system oil capacity ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... .40 litres Minimum oil capacity in sump... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ..32,5 litres Maximum oil capacity in sump.. ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... .38 litres Maximum engine operating angles -front up, front down, right side, left side ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 7 °Lubricating oil-oil flow @ 1500 rev/min... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 140 litres/min -oil flow @ 1800 rev/min... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 172 litres/min -oil pressure at bearings @ 1500 rev/min. ... ... ... ... ... ... 310 kPa -oil pressure at bearings @ 1800 rev/min. ... ... ... ... ... ... 358 kPa -oil pressure at bearings (min).. ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 270 kPa -oil temperature (continuous operation) ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ..113 °C -oil consumption at full load as a % of fuel consumption.. ...0.15% Oil filter screen spacing. ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 30 microns Oil consumption as % of fuel consumption... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 0,1 Sump drain plug tapping... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... .1 1/8 UNF Lubricating oil specification... ... ... ... ... ... API-CH4 - SAE15W-40 Recommended SAE viscosityEngine Oil ViscosityEMA LRG-1API CH-4 Viscosity GradeAmbient Temperature Minimum MaximumSAE 0W20-40 °C10 °CSAE 0W30-40 °C30 °CSAE 0W40-40 °C40 °CSAE 5W30-30 °C30 °CSAE 5W40-30 °C40 °CSAE 10W30-20 °C40 °CSAE 15W40-10 °C50 °C MountingsMaximum static bending moment at rear face of block. ...1356 Nm Fuel consumption2206A-E13TAG2 - 1500 rev/minLoad g/kWhr l/hr Standby19580 110% Prime power19577 100% Prime power19671 75% of Prime power19854 50% of Prime power203372206A-E13TAG3 - 1500 rev/minLoad g/kWhr l/hr Standby19490 110% Prime power19689 100% Prime power19781 75% of Prime power19962 50% of Prime power202422206A-E13TAG2 - 1800 rev/minLoad g/kWhr l/hr Standby19387 110% Prime power19588 100% Prime power19681 75% of Prime power19962 50% of Prime power205432206A-E13TAG3 - 1800 rev/minLoad g/kWhr l/hr Standby19387 110% Prime power19588 100% Prime power19681 75% of Prime power19962 50% of Prime power20543All fuel consumption figures are based on Nett powerAll information in the document is substantially correct at the time of printing but may be subsequently altered by the company.Distributed by2200 Series2206A-E13TAG22206A-E13TAG3Load acceptance TAG2 (cold) Initial load application: When engine reaches rated speed(15 seconds maximum after engine starts to crank)DescriptorUnits 50 Hz 60Hz % of prime power %6680Load (nett)kWm 184,8256Transient frequency deviation%<10<10Frequency recoverySeconds55Second load application: When engine reaches rated speed(5 seconds after initial load application)DescriptorUnits 50 Hz 60Hz % of prime power %7385Load (nett)kWm 204,4272Transient frequency deviation%<10<10Frequency recoverySeconds55TAG3 (cold) Initial load application: When engine reaches rated speed(15 seconds maximum after engine starts to crank)DescriptorUnits 50 Hz 60Hz % of prime power %5880Load (nett)kWm 185,6256Transient frequency deviation%<10<10Frequency recoverySeconds55Second load application: When engine reaches rated speed(5 seconds after initial load application)DescriptorUnits 50 Hz 60Hz % of prime power %6585Load (nett)kWm 208272Transient frequency deviation%<10<10Frequency recoverySeconds55The information shown above complies with the requirements of classification 3 and 4 of ISO 8528-12 and G2 operating limits stated in ISO 8528-5The above figures were obtained under the following test conditions:-minimum engine block temperature.. ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... . 45 °C -ambient temperature. ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ..15 °C -governing mode ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... isochronous -alternator efficiency... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 92%-alternator inertia ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 6,9 kgm²-under frequency roll off (UFRO) point set to. ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 1 Hz below rated -UFRO rate set to... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 2% voltage / 1% frequency LAM on/off.. ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...off All tests were conducted using an engine which was installed and serviced to Perkins Engines Company Limited recommendations.Note:The general arrangement drawings shown in this data sheet are for guidance only. For installation purposes, latest versions should be requested from the Applications Dept., Perkins Engines Stafford, ST16 3UB United Kingdom.P u b l i c a t i o n N o . T P D 1687E 2. O c t o b e r 2008 P e r k i n s E n g i n e s C o m p a n y L i m i t e dPerkins Engines Company LimitedPeterborough PE1 5NA United Kingdom Telephone +44 (0) 1733 583000Fax +44 (0) 1733 。
威图空调操作说明书
Compact 机柜空调Compact Cooling Unit目录目录 (2)1应用场合 (4)2技术参数 (4)3壁挂式安装 (4)4安全须知 (4)5操作和控制方式 (4)5.1控制器控制 (4)5.1.1控制器的操作 (4)5.1.2参数列表 (5)5.1.3参数设置 (6)5.1.4设定目标温度 (6)5.1.5设定温度范围 (6)5.1.6屏幕显示 (6)5.1.7按键显示 (7)5.1.8开机与关机 (7)5.2报警说明 (7)5.3报警信息及系统状态 (8)5.4强制制冷 (8)6过滤网 (8)7技术信息 (8)7.1.1空调的运行 (8)7.1.2冷凝水的排放 (8)8使用说明 (8)8.1空调的安装 (8)8.1.1空调的外部式安装 (9)8.1.2空调的半嵌入式安装 (9)8.2电源连接 (10)8.2.1连接要点 (10)8.2.2过压保护和电源线载荷 (10)9检验和维修 (11)9.1概述 119.1.1用压缩空气清吹 (11)10存放和处理 (13)11供货范围和保修 (13)2威图机柜空调装配说明书ContentsContents (3)1Application (14)2Technical data (14)3Assembly (14)4Safety notes (14)5Commencing operation and controlbehavior (14)5.1Controller control (14)5.1.1Operation of the controller (14)5.1.2Editable parameters (15)5.1.3Parameter navigation (15)5.1.4Setting the target temperature (16)5.1.5Setting the temperature range (16)5.1.6Controller display (16)5.1.7Display buttons (16)5.1.8Compressor: On / Off (17)5.2Alarm parameters (17)5.3Evaluating system messages (17)5.4Forced cooling (17)6Filter mats (17)7Technical informations (18)7.1.1Operation of the cooling unit (18)7.1.2Condensate discharge (18)8Handling instructions (18)8.1Fitting the cooling unit (18)8.1.1External mounting of the cooling unit (19)8.1.2Partial internal mounting of the coolingunit (accessories not included) (19)8.2Electrical connection (20)8.2.1Connection data (20)8.2.2Overvoltage protection and power lineload (20)9Inspection and maintenance (21)9.1Compressed air cleaning (21)10Storage and disposal (23)11Scope of supply and guarantee (23)Rittal cooling unit assembly and operating instructions31 应用场合4威图机柜空调装配说明书1应用场合控制机柜空调是被设计并用于把控制柜的空气冷却同时把柜内热量排出柜外，从而保护温度敏感部件。
雨鸟ESP-ME控制器用户手册说明书
Visit the Rainbird Help Center to find guidelines, literature and videos of current and removed Rainbird products. Due to the ability to increase 4 to 22 ESP-ME stations, customer service is optimized. You can use the same control unit in both household and small garden plots - the more stops you add, the more you save, which means the best price ratio to Customers. The most enjoyable thing is that you can dismantle the ESP-me by simply installing a new LNK WLAN module without changing the entire block. Expand your smart rain control with EPA Watersense certificate by adding LNK WLAN module and WR2 rain sensor. ESP-ME Modular Control Blut User Brochure with Functional Extensions î Note: The symbol is designed to specify important instructions or conditions that may affect the operation of the storage or control unit. gaye HL Drive: The symbol indicates that the user must change the pay control disk to the appropriate position to follow the instructions in the relevant section. Provide important instructions for use, functionality, installation or maintenance. “The symbol shows that it may be necessary to repeat the previous steps to continue the control unit programming or to damage the enlargement function. ESC. This symbol indicates that this rotating circle position has an expansion function. tupizizepuxu For more information on special features, you will find the extended user guide. Note: SymbolVisit the Rain Bird Assistance Center for textbooks, documentation, and videos on current and discontinued Rain Bird products. Thanks to its scalability from 4 to 22 stations, ESP-ME optimizes services for its customers. It is k \ xc3 \ xb6nenn the same control unit \ xc3 \ xa4t and hausg \ xc3 \ xbcgen and is used in places with smaller gardens \ xe2 \ x93 every time you add stations \ xc3 \ xbcgen the more you save, the more you save What f \ xc3 \ xbcr means better value for money for you and your customers \ xc3 \ xa4ltnis. The best part is that you update esp-me \ xc3 \ xbcsten k \ xc3 \ xb6nenn simply by installing a new LNK WLAN module without replacing the entire device m \ xc3 \ xbcssen. Expand your \ xc3 \ xa4t EPA certified Watersens control unit in a smart ger \ xc3 \ x84t by adding the LNK WLAN module and the WR2 \ XC3 \ xbcgen module. ESP-me modulares control unit \ xc3 \ xa4t with functional extension manual \ xe \ x9f \ xee \ x98 \ x9e \ x98 \ x98 \ x98 \ x98 \ x98 \ x98 \ x99 \ x99 \ x99 \ x99 \ Xee \ x98 \ xee \ x971 02 0mmhh Page 2 iiiiiiiiiinhalere esp-me-muse instructions \ xee \ x98 \ x83 \ x87 indicates important instructions or conditions associated with the disk \ x98 \ x84Hl: symbol: symbol: symbol: The symbol indicates that the symbol indicates that the user must rotate disk W on reader \ xc3 \ xa4hl, define the appropriate parameter in the control block \ xc3 \ xa4t to match \ x98 \ x9edie in the corresponding partition. \ Xee \ x83 \ xee \ x98 \ x85 Note: The symbol must draw attention to important instructions for use, operation, installation or maintenance. puva that programming may require repeating previous steps or stepsSpecial security measurements must be carried out when the valve cables (also known as the Solenoid station or valve) are integrated with other cables or in the same wire of other cables, e.g. B. Green lighting cable, other low voltage systems or other high voltage power sources. All stairs must be carefully separated and separated and during the installation a cable isolation should not be formed. The short electrical circuit (contact) between the valve cables and the other source of electricity can form a control unit and reflect the risk of fire.), Which is found in rich sensory or mental beliefs or what experience and knowledge not They are sufficient if they have not been. Thit does not require reproduction with the device and must be monitored accordingly. The device must be subject to a correct and selective removal process to recycle it. Page 3 Esp-me modular control unit with handmade hand made by hand done by hand by hand karipenaguwopu
E5CSL E5CWL温度控制器使用说明书
E5CSL/E5CWL T emperature Controller Instruction Manual Thank you for purchasing the OMRON E5CSL/E5CWL Temperature Controller. This manual describes the functions, performance, and application methods needed for optimum use of the product.Please observe the following items when using the product.• This product is designed for use by qualified personnel with a knowledge of electrical systems.• Before using the product, thoroughly read and understand this manual to ensure correct use.• Keep this manual in a safe location so that it is available for reference whenever required.©All Rights Reserved Suitability for Use OMRON shall not be responsible for conformity with any standards, codes, or regulations that apply to the combination of the products in the customer's application or use of the product. Take all necessary steps to determine the suitability of the product for the systems, machines, and equipment with which it will be used.Know and observe all prohibitions of use applicable to this product.NEVER USE THE PRODUCTS FOR AN APPLICATION INVOLVING SERIOUS RISK TO LIFE OR PROPERTY WITHOUT ENSURING THAT THE SYSTEM AS A WHOLE HAS BEEN DESIGNED TO ADDRESS THE RISKS, AND THAT THE OMRON PRODUCT IS PROPERLY RATED AND INSTALLED FOR THE INTENDED USE WITHIN THE OVERALL EQUIPMENT OR SYSTEM.See also product catalog for Warranty and Limitation of Liability.CAUTION Do not touch the terminals while power is being supplied. Doing so may occasionally result in minor injury due to electric shock.Do not allow pieces of metal, wire clippings, or fine metallic shavings or filings from installation to enter the product. Doing so may occasionally result in electric shock, fire, or malfunction.Do not use the product where subject to flammable or explosive gas. Otherwise, minor injury from explosion mayoccasionally occur.Never disassemble, modify, or repair the product or touch any of the internal parts. Minor electric shock, fire, or malfunction may occasionally occur. If the output relays are used past their life expectancy, contact fusing or burning may occasionally occur. Always consider the application conditions and use the output relays within their rated load and electrical life expectancy. The life expectancy of output relays varies considerably with the output load and switching conditions.Tighten the terminal screws to between 0.74 and 0.90 N·m. Loose screws may occasionally result in fire.Set the parameters of the product so that they are suitable for the system being controlled. If they are not suitable, unexpected operation may occasionally result in property damage or accidents.EN Models with Single Display Models with Dual Display E5CSL- R Relay output: 250 VAC, 3 A Q Voltage output (for driving SSR): 12 VDC, 21 mA Control output 131Sensor type 31 Relay output: 250 VAC, 1 A (resistive load)Alarm (E5CWL only)2E5CWL- 1123• Insert the Controller through the hole in the panel. Push the adapter on from therear to secure the Controller.• Make sure that the surrounding temperature does not exceed the allowable operating temperature given in the specifications, especially when two or more Controllers are mounted.• The voltage output (control output) is not electrically isolated from the internalwiring. One or the other of the control output terminals must therefore be leftungrounded when using a grounded thermocouple thermometer. (If both are grounded, measurements will be unreliable due to sneak current.)Individual Mounting Side-by-side Mounting TC Thermocouple (K, J, T, R, or S)P Platinum resistance thermometer (Pt100)The standby sequence is cleared when the alarm OFF condition has been met.The standby sequence is started again when any of the following conditions is met.• Operation is started (power is turned ON or operation is switched from stop to run).• The alarm value is changed.• The temperature input offset is changed.• The set point is changed.Standby sequence clearedAlarm value Alarm with standby sequenceProcess value TimeAlarm without standby sequence Example: Deviation Lower Limit Standby Sequence ONThe default alarm type is 2.• The control output and the alarm output will turn OFF when an error occurs.(For s.err , the alarm output will be processed for a high temperature error.)• If the input value exceeds the display limit (-1999 to 9999) but it is still within the control range, [[[[ will be displayed for values under -1999.Under these conditions, the control output and alarm output will operate normally.*1: This error is displayed only when the process value and set point are displayed.*2: If the display does not change, the Controller needs to be repaired.If operation returns to normal, then noise may have caused the problem. Check for noise.*3: On the E5CSL, e111 and sum will alternate on the display at 1-second intervals.On the E5CWL, e111 will be displayed on display No. 1 and sum will be displayed on display No. 2. * * * * *The default input type is 8.The default input type is 0.−300 to 23000.0 to 900.0−100 to 15000.0 to 750.0−300 to 700−199.9 to 700.00 to 30000 to 3000−200 to 1300−20.0 to 500.0−100 to 850−20.0 to 400.0−200 to 400−199.9 to 400.00 to 17000 to 1700Input Setting range (°C)Setting range (°F)t -n i l.adj t p a o Input Typeinpt at AT Execute/Cancel d-u Temperature Unit s n i t p k o TemperatureInput Shift cntl PID • ON/OFF al-1Alarm Value*E5CWL only p Proportional Band cp Control Period r-s RUN/STOP i Integral Time oreV Direct/ReverseOperation d Derivative Time alt1Alarm Type *E5CWL only of-r hys HysteresisOperation/Adjustment Protect Initial Setting Protect Operation Control Key Protect PV/SP Set Point *E5CSL only Manual Reset Value Adjustment Level 100SP 25SP for less for at least 3 seconds.Protect Level Operation Level +Adjustment Level POWER ON Initial Setting Level 100 to 240 VAC, 50/60 Hz85% to 110% of the rated voltageApprox. 3.5 VARelay output: 250 VAC, 3 A (resistive load)Voltage output (for driving SSR): 12 VDC+25%/−15%, 21 mA Relay output: 250 VAC, 1 A (resistive load)ON/OFF or 2-PID control 100,000 operations 250 ms −10 to 55°C (with no freezing or condensation)Thermocouple: K, J, T, R, or S (JIS C 1602-1995 and IEC 60584-1)Platinum resistance thermometer: Pt100(JIS C 1604-1997 and IEC 60751)Control output Recommended fuse Weight Degree of protection Alarm output Control method Electrical life of relay Sampling period Malfunction vibration Vibration resistance Ambient temperature Ambient humidity Storage temperature Altitude Installation environment Memory protection Indication accuracy (ambient temperature: 23°C)25% to 85%Power supply voltage Operating voltage range Power consumption −25 to 65°C (with no freezing or condensation)2,000 m max.T2A, 250 VAC, time-lag, low-breaking capacity Approx. 100 g (Controller only)Front panel: IP50, Rear case: IP20,Terminal section: IP00Installation category II,pollution degree 2 (as per IEC 61010-1)Non-volatile memory(number of write operations: 100,000)Sensor type Alarm type No alarm Deviation upper/lower limit Deviation upper limit Deviation lower limit Deviation upper/lower range D eviation upper/lower limit standby sequence ON Deviation upper limit standby sequence ON Deviation lower limit standby sequence ON Absolute value upper limit Absolute value lower limit Absolute value upper limit standby sequence ON Absolute value lower limit standby sequence ON Do not set.Output OFF Positive alarm value (X)Negative alarm value (X)Always ON Always OFF Always OFF Process value LevelSetting Adjustment LevelOperationLevel PV/SPOthers (Alarm Value): Operation control keys are enabled but operation control using parameters is disabled.: Operation control keys are disabled but operation control usingparameters is enabled.: Operation control keys and operation control using parametersare disabled.Default: 0Operation ControlAT Execute/Cancel (M +D )RUN/STOP (M +U )01234SettingLevel 10Do not set.2SettingInitial Setting Level Default: 1• Operation/Adjustment Protection • Initial Setting Protection • Operation Control Key Protection+−AB B Pt inputAlarm Output• Relay output: 250 VAC, 1 A(resistive load)Input power supply:100 to 240 VAC,50/60 HzDO NOT USE Control output +−TC inputM M MM M M M MM M M M M M MM M Step 3Adjustment Level: Used to tune parameters and set control parameters. Adjustment Level AT Execute/Cancel Temperature Input Shift Proportional Band Integral Time Derivative Time Manual Reset Value Hysteresis l.adj at ins p i d of-r hys This display indicates that you have moved to Adjustment Level.Starts and stops autotuning. (Displayed only when PID control is selected.)*1*2Set a compensation value for the temperature input in increments of 0.1°C or 0.1°F.Set the proportional band in increments of 0.1°C or 0.1°F.(Displayed only when PID control is selected.) Set the integral time in increments of 1 s. (Displayed only when PID control is selected.) Set the derivative time in increments of 1 s. (Displayed only when PID control is selected.) Set the manipulated value to use for P or PD control (I = 0). The offset will be canceled. Set the hysteresis to use to achieve stable operation when switching the control output ON/OFF during ON/OFF control. (Displayed only when ON/OFF control is selected.) off /on -199.9 to 999.90.1 to 999.90 to 39990 to 39990.0 to 100.00.1 to 999.9OFF 0.0 (°C)8.0 (°C)233 (s)40 (s)50.0 (%)1.0 (°C)Step 4Protect Level: Used to set parameters to restrict key operations.Operation/Adjustment Protect Initial Setting Protect Operation Control Key Protect oapt inpt okpt Set protection for Operation Level and Adjustment Level.Set protection for Initial Setting Level. Set protection for the AT Key and RUN/STOP Key (operation control keys). *Refer to table on the right.*Refer to table on the right.*Refer to table on the right. 010Step 2Operation Level: Used to monitor the process value and to set the set point, alarm value, etc.PV/SP Alarm value RUN/STOP Monitor the process value and set the set point.Set the alarm value. The location of the decimal point depends on the input type. *E5CWL only.Start and stop control operation. *1-1999 to 9999run /stop SV: 0 (°C)0 (°C)RUN Display Parameter name Description Setting/monitoring range Default Step 1Initial Setting Level: Used to set basic specifications.Input Type Temperature Unit PID • ON/OFF Control Period Direct/Reverse Operation Alarm Type in-t d-u cntl cp ore?alt1Set the input sensor type.Set the unit for temperature input to Celsius (°C) or Fahrenheit (°F).Set either 2-PID control or ON/OFF control.Set the time-proportional control period for the control output. (Displayed only when PID control is selected.) Set either reverse option (heating control) or direct operation (cooling control). Set the alarm type.*E5CWL only.c (°C)/f (°F)onof /pid 0.5, 1 to 990 or 8°C ON/OFF 20 or 2 (s)Or-r (reverse control)2 (Deviation upper limit)or-r (reverse control)or-d (direct control)*1: Displayed only when Operation Control Key Protection is set to 4.*2: The setting cannot be changed during autotuning. Autotuning will be stopped if you move to Initial Setting Level or stop control operation. • Displays during AutotuningE5CSL: The current deviation indicator will flash. E5CWL: The AT Execute/Cancel characters on display No. 1 and the PV/SP characters on display No. 2 will flash.K J T R S Setting 01234567Check the wiring of inputs, disconnections, short circuitsand input type.T urn the power OFF then back ON again.*2Press the U and D Keys for at least 3 seconds to initialize the settings and clear the non-volatile memory error.*2Display Action s.err (S.ERR)e111(E111)e111/sum (E111)/(SUM) *3Meaning Input error *1RAM memory error Non-volatile memory memory error −300 to 1500−199.9 to 900.0−200 to 850−199.9 to 500.0Pt10089Safety Precautions Indicates a potentially hazardous situation which, if not avoided, is likely to result in minor or moderate injury or property damage. Read this manual carefully before using the product.CAUTION Package Contents • Temperature Controller • Adapter • Instruction Manual 460645844.8×44.848×48Adapter • Solderless terminal size: M3.5• Terminal Cover: E53-COV19 (sold separately)• Front Panel: E53-COV20 (sold separately)Recommended panel thickness is 1 to 5 mm.1(10) D Down Key: Reduces the setting.(11) U Up Key: Increases the setting.(12) O +M Press these keys for at least 3 seconds in Operation Level or Adjustment Level to go to Protect Level.Press these keys for at least 1 second in Protect Level to return to Operation Level.(13)M +D Press these keys for at least 2 seconds to start or stop autotuning.*1(14) M +U Press these keys for at least 2 seconds to start or stop operation.*2(3)(7)(4)(9)(8)(12)(13)(14)(11)(12)(13)(14)(11)(10)(2)(1)(10)(6)(6)(7)(8)(5)(1)(9)E5CSL E5CWL D Key or U Key Input Type Parameter Display Parameter SettingDisplay Press the U or D Key at the display for the parameter for which the setting is to be changed. The parameter setting display will appear.Use the U or D Key to change the setting. Example: Changing the Input Type from 0 to 1in-t 0Procedure for Changing E5CSL Settings After 2 seconds U Flashes quickly.Setting confirmed.*1: These keys are disabled when starting and stopping autotuning has been disabled with operation control key protection.*2: These keys are disabled when starting and stopping operation has been disabled with operation control key protection.Control Output• Relay output: 250 VAC, 3 A (resistive load)• Voltage output (for driving SSR): 12 VDC, 21 mAAlarm hysteresis(always 0.2 °C/°F)23457891045+0.60+1.004560 min.+0.6045+0.60(48 x number of Controllers − 2.5)OMRON CORPORA TION Key to Warning Symbols Warning Symbols SpecificationsWiring Model Number Legends Dimensions (mm)Installation (mm)Connections Front Panel Part Names and Functions(1) Display No. 1 Displays the process value (PV) or parameter. For the E5CSL, the set point or parameter setting is also displayed.(2) Display No. 2 Displays the set point (SP) or parameter setting.(3) Deviation Indicators Show the relation between the process value and the set point. Lit: The process value is more than 5°C/°F higher than the set point. Lit: The process value is more than 5°C/°F lower than the set point. Lit: The process value is within 5°C/°F of the set point. The relevant deviation indicator will flash during autotuning.(4) SP Lit while the set point is displayed on display No. 1 (E5CSL only). (5) ALM Lit while the alarm is ON. Not lit while the alarm is OFF. (6) OUT Lit while the control output is ON. Not lit while the control output is OFF.(7) STOPNot lit during operation. Lit while operation is stopped.(8) O Level Key: Changes the setting level.(9) M Mode Key: Changes the parameter within the setting level.Operation MenuParameter Operations Press Press than 1 second.for at least 1 second.Press Parameter Tables Display Parameter name Description Setting/monitoring range Default Display Parameter name Description Setting/monitoring range Default Display Parameter name Description Setting/monitoring range Default *Refer to table on the right.*Refer to table on the right.al-1r-s Input type: Thermocouple Input Setting range (°C)Setting range (°F)Setting Input type: Platinum Resistance Thermometer Troubleshooting Protection : Can be displayed and changed.: Can only be displayed.: Display or changing to another level is not possible.0 1 2 311OMRON EUROPE B.V.Wegalaan 67-69, NL-2132 JD Hoofddorp The NetherlandsPhone 31-2356-81-300 FAX 31-2356-81-388OMRON ELECTRONICS LLCOne Commerce Drive Schaumburg, IL 60173-5302 U.S.APhone 1-847-843-7900 FAX 1-847-843-7787OMRON ASIA PACIFIC PTE. LTD.No. 438A Alexandra Road # 05-05/08 (Lobby 2),Alexandra Technopark, Singapore 119967 Phone 65-6835-3011 FAX 65-6835-2711OMRON Corporation Shiokoji Horikawa, Shimogyo-ku, Kyoto 600-8530 JAPAN Malfunction shock Shock resistance 10 to 55 Hz, 20 m/s 2 for 10 min each in X, Y and Z directions 10 to 55 Hz, 20 m/s 2 for 2 h each in X, Y and Z directions100 m/s 2, 3 times each in X, Y, and Z directions300 m/s 2, 3 times each in X, Y, and Z directionsMd-u Next Parameter Display*The dimensions are the same for the E5CSL.(±0.5% of indication value or ±1°C, whichever is greater)±1 digit max.R, S thermocouple at 200°C or less: ±3°C ±1 digit max.K, T thermocouple at −100°C or less: ±2°C ±1 digit max.Use a deviation alarm to link the alarm to the SP.If the SP is changed, the alarm operating point will also change.Deviation AlarmUse an absolute value alarm when the alarm is not linked to the SP.Absolute Value Alarm0X ON OFF SP X ON OFF SP X ON OFF SP X ON OFF 0X ON OFF 0X ON OFF 0X ON OFF 0X ON OFF ON OFF SP X XSP XON OFF SP XON OFF SP X X ON OFF SP X X ON OFF SP X ON OFF SP X ON OFF 0X ON OFF0XON OFF 0X ON OFF Set this difference.SP Linked Fixed Set the difference(deviation) from the SP.Set the alarm operating point as the temperature (absolute value).Set the temperature (absolute value) at which to output an alarm.0* Alarms with a Standby SequenceSP X ON OFFAlarmsSetting 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1011 12Alarm operating point Alarm operating point The alarm is blocked until the first safe-state is reached.Unwanted alarm during start-up are prevented.Deviation/ab solute value alarm Deviation alarmDeviationalarm DeviationalarmDeviation alarm Deviation alarm Deviationalarm Deviationalarm Absolute value alarm Absolutevalue alarm Absolute value alarmAbsolute value alarm Be sure to observe the following precautions to prevent operation failure, malfunction, or adverse affects on the performance and functions of the product. Not doing so may occasionally result in unexpected events.(1) The product is designed for indoor use only. Do not use the product outdoors or in any of the following locations. •Places directly subject to heat radiated from heating equipment.•Places subject to splashing liquid or oil atmosphere. •Places subject to direct sunlight. •Places subject to dust or corrosive gas (in particular, sulfide gas and ammonia gas). •Places subject to intense temperature change.•Places subject to icing and condensation. •Places subject to vibration and large shocks.(2) Use/store within the rated temperature and humidity ranges. Provide forced-cooling if required.(3) To allow heat to escape, do not block the area around the product. Do not block the ventilation holes on the product.(4) Be sure to wire properly with correct polarity of terminals.(5) Use specified size (M3.5, width 7.2 mm or less) crimped terminals for wiring. To connect bare wires to the terminal block, use copper braided or solid wires with a rated temperature of over 70°C and a gauge of AWG24 to AWG14 (equal to a cross-sectional area of 0.205 to 2.081 mm 2). (The stripping length is 5 to 6 mm.) Up to two wires of same size and type, or two crimped terminals can be inserted into a single terminal.(6) Do not wire the terminals which are not used.(7) Allow as much space as possible between the controller and devices that generate a powerful high- frequency or surge. Separate the high-voltage or large-current power lines from other lines, and avoid parallel or common wiring with the power lines when you are wiring to the terminals.(8) Use this product within the rated load and power supply.(9) Make sure that the rated voltage is attained within two seconds of turning ON the power using a switch or relay contact. If the voltage is applied gradually, the power may not be reset or output malfunctions may occur.(10) Make sure that the Controller has 30 minutes or more to warm up after turning ON the power before starting actual control operations to ensure the correct temperature display. (11) A switch or circuit breaker should be provided close to this unit. The switch or circuit breaker should be within easy reach of the operator, and must be marked as a disconnecting means for this unit.(12) Do not use paint thinner or similar chemical to clean with. Use standard grade alcohol.(13) Design system (control panel, etc) considering the 2 second of delay that the controller’s output to be set after power ON.(14) The output may turn OFF when shifting to certain levels. Take this into consideration when performing control.(15) The number of non-volatile memory write operations is limited.Precautions for Safe Use A malfunction in the Temperature Controller may occasionally make control operations impossible or prevent alarm outputs, resulting in property damage. To maintain safety in the event of malfunction of the Temperature Controller, take appropriate safety measures, such as installing a monitoring device on a separate line.Default: 0: Can be displayed and changed.: Display or changing to another level is not possible.2113603-9A CL1for at least 3 seconds.Press for at least 1 second.+Press。
cover-letter-模版
一、投稿信1. Dear Dr. Defendi ML:I am sending a manuscript entitled “” by – which I should like to submit for possible publication in the journal of - .Yours sincerely2. Dear Dr. A:Enclosed is a manuscript entitled “” by sb, which we are submitting for publication in the journal of - . We have chosen this journal because it deals with - . We believe that sth would be of interest to the journal’s readers.3. Dear Dr. A:Please find enclosed for your review an original research article, “” by sb. All authors have read and approve this version of the article, and due care has been taken to ensure the integrity of the work. No part of this paper has published or submitted elsewhere. No conflict of interest exits in the submission of this manuscript, and we have attached to this letter the signed letter granting us permission to use Figure 1 from another source.We appreciate your consideration of our manuscript, and we look forwardto receiving comments from the reviewers.二、询问有无收到稿件Dear Editors,We dispatched our manuscript to your journal on 3 August 2006 but have not, as yet, receive acknowledgement of their safe arrival. We fear that may have been lost and should be grateful if you would let us know whether or not you have received them. If not, we will send our manuscript again. Thank you in advance for your help.三、询问论文审查回音Dear Editors，It is more than 12 weeks since I submitted our manuscript (No: ) for possible publication in your journal. I have not yet received a reply and am wondering whether you have reached a decision. I should appreciated your letting me know what you have decided as soon as possible.四、关于论文的总体审查意见1. This is a carefully done study and the findings are of considerable interest. A few minor revision are list below.2. This is a well-written paper containing interesting results which merit publication. For the benefit of the reader, however, a number of points need clarifying and certain statements require further justification. There are given below.3. Although these observation are interesting, they are rather limited and do not advance our knowledge of the subject sufficiently to warrant publication in PNAS. We suggest that the authors try submitting their findings to specialist journal such as –4. Although this paper is good, it would be ever better if some extra data were added.5. This manuscript is not suitable for publication in the journal of –because the main observation it describe was reported 3 years ago in a reputable journal of - .6. Please ask someone familiar with English language to help you rewrite this paper. As you will see, I have made some correction at the beginning of the paper where some syntax is not satisfactory.7. We feel that this potentially interesting study has been marred by an inability to communicate the finding correctly in English and should like to suggest that the authors seek the advice of someone with a good knowledge of English, preferable native speaker.8. The wording and style of some section, particularly those concerning HPLC, need careful editing. Attention should be paid to the wording ofthose parts of the Discussion of and Summary which have been underlined.9. Preliminary experiments only have been done and with exception of that summarized in Table 2, none has been repeated. This is clearly unsatisfactory, particularly when there is so much variation between assays.10. The condition of incubation are poorly defined. What is the temperature? Were antibody used?五、给编辑的回信1. In reply to the referee’s main criticism of paper, it is possible to say that –One minor point raised by the referee concerns of the extra composition of the reaction mixture in Figure 1. This has now been corrected. Further minor changes had been made on page 3, paragraph 1 (line 3-8) and 2 (line 6-11). These do not affect our interpretation of the result.2. I have read the referee’s comments very carefully and conclude that the paper has been rejected on the sole grounds that it lake toxicity data.I admit that I did not include a toxicity table in my article although perhaps I should have done. This was for the sake of brevity rather than an error or omission.3. Thank you for your letter of –and for the referee’s commentsconcerning our manuscript entitled “”. We have studied their comments carefully and have made correction which we hope meet with their approval.4. I enclosed a revised manuscript which includes a report of additional experiments done at the referee’s suggestion. You will see that our original findings are confirmed.5. We are sending the revised manuscript according to the comments of the reviewers. Revised portion are underlined in red.6. We found the referee’s comments most helpful and have revised the manuscript7. We are pleased to note the favorable comments of reviewers in their opening sentence.8. Thank you for your letter. I am very pleased to learn that our manuscript is acceptable for publication in Cancer Research with minor revision.9. We have therefore completed a further series of experiments, the result of which are summarized in Table 5. From this we conclude that intrinsic factor is not account.10. We deleted the relevant passage since they are not essential to the contents of the paper.11. I feel that the reviewer’s comments concerning Figures 1 and 2 result from a misinterpretation of the data.12. We would have include a non-protein inhibitor in our system, as a control, if one had been available.13. We prefer to retain the use of Table 4 for reasons that it should be clear from the new paragraph inserted at the end of the Results section.14. Although reviewer does not consider it is important to measure the temperature of the cells, we consider it essential.15. The running title has been changed to “”.16. The Materials and Methods section now includes details for measuring uptake of isotope and assaying hexokinase.17. The concentration of HAT media (page12 paragraph 2) was incorrectly stated in the original manuscript. This has been rectified. The authors are grateful to the referees for pointing out their error.18. As suggested by both referees, a discussion of the possibility of laser action on chromosome has been included (page16, paragraph 2).19. We included a new set of photographs with better definition than those originally submitted and to which a scale has been added.20. Following the suggestion of the referees, we have redraw Figure 3 and 4.21. Two further papers, published since our original submission, have been added to the text and Reference section. These are:22. We should like to thank the referees for their helpful comments and hope that we have now produced a more balance and better account ofour work. We trust that the revised manuscript is acceptable for publication.23. I greatly appreciate both your help and that of the referees concerning improvement to this paper. I hope that the revised manuscript is now suitable for publication.24. I should like to express my appreciation to you and the referees for suggesting how to improve our paper.25. I apologize for the delay in revising the manuscript. This was due to our doing an additional experiment, as suggested by referees.Date: ***Dear Editors:We would like to submit the manuscript entitled “***”, which we wish to be considered for publication in ***.We certify that we have participated sufficiently in the work to take public responsibility for the appropriateness of the study design and method, and the collection, analysis, and interpretation of the data.We have reviewed the final version of the manuscript and approve it for publication. To the best of our knowledge and belief, this manuscript has not been published in whole or in part nor is it being considered for publication elsewhere.Best Regards.Yours Sincerely,Authors : ***,***,***(Submitting author: ***, ***University. EMAIL: ***;Corresponding author: ***,*** University. EMAIL: ***)1、什幺是cover letter？指的是投稿信2、cover letter的内容主要包括那些？应该简述所投稿件的核心内容、主要发现和意义，拟投期刊，对稿件处理有无特殊要求等（如“not to review” list）。
计算机专业英语 选择
M u l t i p l e1 1. The keyboard, mouse, monitor, and system unit are:ha rdwareou tput devicesst orage devicesso ftware2. Programs that coordinate computer resources, provide an interface, and run applications are known as:ap plication programsop erating systemsstorage systemsut ility programs3. A browser is an example of a:ba sic applicationsp ecialized programsystem applicationut ility program4. Although not as powerful as a supercomputer, this type of computer is capable of great processing speeds and data storage.ma inframeme dia centermi drangene tbook5. The smallest type of microcomputer:ne tbookha ndheldmi drangeta blet PC6. RAM is a type of:co mputerme moryne tworkse condary storage7. Unlike memory, this type of storage holds data and programs even after electrical power to the computer system has been turned off.pr imaryRA MRO Mse condary8. The type of file created by word processors to save, for example, memos, term papers, and letters.da tabasedo cumentpr esentationwo rksheet9. The change in connectivity that uses the Internet and the Web to shift many computer activities from a user’s computer to computers on the Internet.cl oud computinghi gh definitionne tworkUS B10. The largest network in the world is [the]:Fa cbeookIn ternetWe bUS BMultiple 21. The network that connects computers all over the world.CE RNIn ternetLA NWe b2. The rules for exchanging data between computers.DS Lpr otocolsWe bWW W3. Client-based e-mail accounts require this special program to be installed on your computer.e-mail clienthy perlinkJa vaut ility4. Communities of individuals who share a common interest typically create Facebook:cl ientsgr oupspa gespr ofiles5. E-mail that does not require an e-mail program installed on a user's computer is known as:bl ogpo dcastWe bmailut ility6. A very well-known microblog.Li nkedInMy SpaceTw itterWi kipedia7. These programs continually look for new information and update search services’ database programs.fi ltersIMsp iderswi kis8. A type of search engine that submits requests to other search engines, organizes their responses, eliminates duplicate responses, orders hits, and then provides an edited list.di rectory searchIS Pmetasearch enginesp ecialized search engine9. This is the Internet’s equivalent to traditional cash.di gital cashe-commerceic ashIn ternet dollars10. Using file transfer utility software, you can copy files to your computer from specially configured servers on the Internet. This is called:do wnloadingfi lteringbl oggingup loadingMultiple 31. This type of software works with end users, application software, and computer hardware to handle the majority of technical details.ap plicationge neral purposesy stemut ility2. A rectangular area that can contain a document, program, or message.di alog boxfo rmfr amewi ndow3. Programs that create text-based documents.DB MSsu itessp readsheetswo rd processors4. Programs that organize, analyze, and graph numeric data such as budgets and financial reports.DB MSsu itessp readsheetswo rd processors5. In a spreadsheet, the intersection of a row and column creates a:ce llfo rmulafu nction。
MCF5307 ColdFire集成微处理器的SDRAM控制器应用注意事项说明书
Consumer Technologies GroupOrder this document byAN1766/D REV 2.0Application NoteUsing the SDRAM Controller on the MCF5307 ColdFire ¨ Integrated MicroprocessorAN1766INTRODUCTIONThereÕs a new type of memory thatÕs becoming very popular in systems designs. ItÕs called synchronous DRAM (SDRAM), and itspecifically supports the high-speed bus designs required to fully utilize current high-performance microprocessors. The MCF5307 ColdFire¨ integrated microprocessor is the first of the ColdFire Family to contain the Version 3 clock-doubled core. The MCF5307 SDRAM controller can interface with over 2,000 MBytes of DRAM and supports bursting and page-mode operations. In addition, the SDRAM controller can connect to both extended-data-out DRAMs and synchronous DRAMs.Running synchronously with the system clock rather than responding to traditionalasynchronous control signals, SDRAM can (after an initial latency period) be read or written on every clock cycle. A 5-1-1-1 burst rate is typical at 100 MHz. To support interleaving, many SDRAM devices contain multiple banks and all banks can have an open page at any time. DRAMs use a multiplexed address bus in which the processor provides the address in two cycles. The most significant portion of the address is transmitted first (the row), followed by the lowerportion (the column). Gated by the system clock, the row and column are latched by the DRAM and together form the complete address required to identify the requested data. The multiplexing reduces the pin count of the packages as well as the number of pad connections on the chip, and so lowers the memory cost. The trade-off for this pin count and memory reduction is slower performance because it mandates an additional cycle to transmit the address. Memory designers have developed new interfaces to reduce the impact of this trade-off. One example is page-mode operation. Page mode sends the rowaddress portion only once for multiple accesses within a memory region (a page). The newest concept is SDRAM, which can accept new column addresses on every system clock cycle and, after an initial pipeline latency period, deliver or receive data at the same rate.SDRAM controllers require a higher level of sophistication than asynchronous DRAMcontrollers. Not only must addresses and data be managed, but SDRAM chips also need special ÒcommandsÓ to be sent from the controller to initialize the memory as well as to instruct the memory which operations are to occur. These commands include instructions to precharge, read, write, burst, auto-refresh, and variousscale Semiconductorconductor, Inc., 2004. All rights reserved.F r e e s c a l e S e m i c o n d u c t o r , IFreescale Semiconductor, Inc.n c .F r e e s c a l e S e m i c o n d u c t o r , IFreescale Semiconductor, Inc.n c .F r e e s c a l e S e m i c o n d u c t o r , IFreescale Semiconductor, Inc.n c .F r e e s c a l e S e m i c o n d u c t o r , IFreescale Semiconductor, Inc.n c .F r e e s c a l e S e m i c o n d u c t o r , IFreescale Semiconductor, Inc.n c .F r e e s c a l e S e m i c o n d u c t o r , IFreescale Semiconductor, Inc.n c .SPECIAL CONSIDERATIONSIt is important to be aware of the designassumptions that are built in to the controller. As part of the design process, certain parameters must be constrained in order to produce an efficient and reliable controller. These determine how the controller will operate in specific circumstances. Some of these conditions are listed below:RESET State - Following a reset of the MCF5307 processor the SADRAMC isdisabled. It must be initialized before operation can begin.Fixed Page Size - The controller on the MCF5307 is hard-configured for a 512-byte page (column) size. Should memories with larger page sizes be used, the controller will treat any access outside of a 512-byte boundary as a new page. As such, it will ÒcloseÓ the current page and issue a new row address for the new page.No Mixed Memory Types - The default (out of RESET) mode of operation for the MCF5307 assumes asynchronous DRAMs. This default can be changed by setting the SO bit (bit 15) to a Ò1Ó in the DRAM Control Register on theMCF5307. Once synchronous operation is set, it cannot be reversed except by resetting the MCF5307. Both banks will operate in the selected mode. Mixing asynchronous andsynchronous DRAMs is not allowed. Each bank can contain a unique configuration of SDRAM. That is, the speeds, port widths, etc. may be different in each of the two banks.External Master Multiplexing - While theMCF5307 SADRAMC will respond to SDRAM accesses by alternate bus masters, it will not drive the address lines to provide address multiplexing when this occurs. The controller will drive the appropriate control signals only. Addresses must, in this case, be externally multiplexed if required.Bursting - Many SDRAMS can burst data in various amounts; however, the controller on the MCF5307 does not support this feature. The controller will instead conduct all accesses by directly controlling the address lines. Therefore, if variable-length bursting is available on the chosen SDRAM, the burst option must not be enabled, or the burst length must be set to one. This was done in the setting of the Mode Register in the first example.EDGESEL - The synchronous edge-select input pin on the MCF5307 can provide additional output hold time for the SDRAM control signals. The usual mode of operation is to use a buffer that slightly delays the BCLKO signal. This delayed signal is then routed to the SDRAM and back to the EDGESEL pin on the MCF5307. This will have the effect of holding the signals to the SDRAM by the amount of buffer and line delay, which helps to ensure that data are held beyond the falling edge of the SDRAM clock input signal. This is a useful feature with regard to meeting memory system timing requirements on high-frequency buses.Asymmetrical Memory Devices - Whenasymmetrical memory devices are used (i.e. the memory chips have more row addresses than column addresses), the additional row addresses will be connected by using sequential MCF5307 pins until done. That is, physical pins will not be skipped. Additionally, for 32 bit ports with only eight column addresses, or 8-bit ports with just nine columns, MCF5307 pin A18 can be used to provide SDRAM row address 18 even though it is noted for 16-bit port use only. Likewise for 16-bit ports with eight column address signals, MCF5307 address pin 17 may be used to provide SDRAM row address 17.F r e e s c a l e S e m i c o n d u c t o r , In c .Revision History: Rev. 1.0 - Initial ReleaseRev 2.0 - Corrected maximum size of accessible memory. Moved note, in expanded form, from the bottom of the Generic Address Connection Scheme table on page three to text in the SpecialConsiderations section. Corrected calculation of RC Field value in SDRAM Initialization section. Heavily revised description of mode register load procedure to correct errors in rev 1.0. Fixed miscellaneous typos.F r e e s c a l e S e m i c o n d u c t o r , In c .How to Reach Us:Home Page:E-mail:*********************USA/Europe or Locations Not Listed: Freescale SemiconductorTechnical Information Center, CH370 1300 N. Alma School Road Chandler, Arizona 85224+1-800-521-6274 or +1-480-768-2130 *********************Europe, Middle East, and Africa:Freescale Halbleiter Deutschland GmbH Technical Information Center Schatzbogen 781829 Muenchen, Germany +44 1296 380 456 (English) +46 8 52200080 (English) +49 89 92103 559 (German) +33 1 69 35 48 48 (French) *********************Japan:Freescale Semiconductor Japan Ltd. Headquarters ARCO Tower 15F1-8-1, Shimo-Meguro, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-0064 Japan0120 191014 or +81 3 5437 9125 ***************************Asia/Pacific:Freescale Semiconductor Hong Kong Ltd. Technical Information Center 2 Dai King StreetTai Po Industrial Estate Tai Po, N.T., Hong Kong +800 2666 8080**************************For Literature Requests Only:Freescale Semiconductor Literature Distribution Center P.O. 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Freescale Semiconductor makes no warranty, representation or guarantee regarding the suitability of its products for any particular purpose, nor does Freescale Semiconductor assume any liability arising out of the application or use of any product or circuit, and specifically disclaims any and all liability, including without limitation consequential or incidental damages. “Typical” parameters which may be provided in Freescale Semiconductor data sheets and/or specifications can and do vary in different applications and actual performance may vary over time. All operating parameters, including “Typicals” must be validated for each customer application by customer’s technical experts. Freescale Semiconductor does not convey any license under its patent rights nor the rights of others. Freescale Semiconductor products are not designed, intended, or authorized for use as components in systems intended for surgical implant into the body, or other applications intended to support or sustain life, or for any other application in which the failure of the Freescale Semiconductor product could create a situation where personal injury or death may occur. Should Buyer purchase or use Freescale Semiconductor products for any such unintended or unauthorized application, Buyer shall indemnify and hold Freescale Semiconductor and its officers, employees, subsidiaries, affiliates, and distributors harmless against all claims, costs, damages, and expenses, and reasonable attorney fees arising out of, directly or indirectly, any claim of personal injury or death associated with such unintended or unauthorized use, even if such claim alleges that Freescale Semiconductor was negligent regarding the design or manufacture of the part.。
广东省部分学校2024-2025学年高三上学期开学联考英语试卷(含解析)
广东省部分学校2024-2025学年高三上学期开学联考英语试题本试题卷共8页。
全卷满分120分。
考试用时120分钟。
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第一部分阅读(共两节，满分50分)第一节(共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
AItaly ToursTake our well-designed Italy tour package to explore this charming land.4-6 DaysIf it is your first time to visit Italy, Rome, Florence and Venice are your best choices to learn about the essential history, culture andadmire the masters’ artworks of this great country.7-9 DaysVenice in the north as a start, then to Florence, Pisa, Cinque Terre, lastly in Rome, this route covers popular cities, art, heritage as well as the beautiful Mediterranean coastline. For nature and sea lovers, Rome, Sorrento, Amalfi Coast and Capri Island could be nice destinations.10 Days or MoreThe typical 2-week Italy tour packages would cover top tourist cities and important landmarks. You could go through the country from North to South.Best Time to Visit: Spring from April to June; autumn from September to OctoberMajor Cities for International Flights: Rome (capital), Venice, Florence, NapoliVisa: Citizens from the USA, Canada, Australia, and citizens of EU and EEA countries do not need a visa and are allowed to stay up to 90 days. The Schengen visa can also be used for travelling to Italy. Money Tips: Euro is the official currency. Major credit cards are widely accepted, but cash is still necessary in some cases.1. Which places are recommended for those who have never visited Italy beforeA. Rome, Florence and Venice.B. Capri Island, Venice and Pisa.C. Pisa, Florence and Cinque Terre.D. Rome, Sorrento and Amalfi Coast.2. Which tour package is designed for enjoying natural sceneryA.4 –6 Days.B.7 –9 Days.C.10 Days or More.D.2 Weeks.3. Which month may be the most suitable to visit ItalyA. March.B. May.C. August.D. November.BEvery so often, 31-year-old Chen Jiawen, a product designer at a technology company in Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, sets aside a day for herself called Unplug Day. On this day, she disconnects from the digital world and focuses on real-life experiences. In the morning, she prepares breakfast for herself while listening to music. In the afternoon, she wanders through the park with friends and in the evening, they enjoy a meal together without touching their phones, engaged in deep conversation. Upon returning home, she spends the evening reading.Chen started the plan as she often felt “interrupted” by technology, ci ting moments of distraction (分心) like pop-up notifications, ring tones and repetitious warnings leading her to check for new messages, and feelings of information ov erload. “Occasionallydisconnecting from the network is like feeding the brain a day of vegetarian food,” Chen said. Unplug Day is part of her plan to combat information overload from overusing the phone and to rebuild her focus. In addition to this, she has started replacing short videos with longer ones and prioritizes reading in-depth news articles or books. “When friends gather and everyone is glued to their phones, it makes me uncomfortable,” Chen said, adding that burying herself in social media prevented her from completing work as planned, leading to psychological burdens and a decreasing focus.It’s become a common situation where modern people might unconsciously use the time spent waiting at traffic lights to watch a short video or constantly check out a trending topic upon receiving a push notification from an app. To prevent this sense of being “controlled” by mobile devices, some young Chinese like Chen are experimenting with digital minimalism and are discovering positive outcomes from their efforts. Technology should bring us joy, not reduce the time we spend with family or increase our anxiety. Our goal is to control technology rather than letting it control us.4. What can we learn about Unplug DayA. It is a day for reading.B. It is a day without phones.C. It is a day away from the Internet.D. It is a day to spend withfriends.5. What does the underlined word “combat” in paragraph 2 meanA. Range.B. Cancel.C. Obtain.D. Prevent.6. What is the direct impact of over-involvement in social mediaA. Tasks’ delays.B. Stress from peers.C. Mental problems.D. A decreasing focus.7. What does the author suggest people do in the last paragraphA. Enjoy the benefits of technology.B. Decrease the time spent on digital devices.C. Remove the apps informing new messages.D. Watch longer videos while waiting at traffic lights.CHoney is a simple pleasure. It’s easy to forget, while enjoying its luxurious sweetness on a slice of buttered toast, that it is the end-product of a complicated production line involving advanced biological machinery and thousands of skilled workers.Honey starts out as nectar (花蜜), a solution of various sugars that flowering plants produce to attract insects like butterflies and all kinds of bees. Most of these visitors drink it down on the spot as nutrition for themselves. A food-hunting worker bee, though, does things differently. The bee stores the nectar in its honey stomach rather than digesting it. The stomach can hold a lot of nectar, up toalmost half the bee’s unloa ded body mass, and filling it may require a thousand flower visits. The transformation of nectar into honey begins while the bee is still on the wing, as the honey stomach produces enzymes (酶) that break down the larger, complex sugar molecule (分子) into smaller ones.On arrival back at the hive, where bees live and work, the bee unloads the nectar by giving the sugary solution to other workers, who pass it back and forth between each other, adding more enzymes each time. Once it is sufficiently sticky, the mixture is laid down in the beeswax cells of the honeycomb and the workers continue the drying process by fanning it with their wings. Only when the water content has been reduced to about 18 percent (from about 75 percent in the original nectar) do they seal the cells with beeswax lids. At this point , it is well and truly honey.An average hive produces about 11 kg of honey in a season, which requires the bees to fly over 1.5 million kilometers between them. A standard jar of honey requires about 80,000 km. The effort that has gone into making honey is worth remembering when spreading it onto toast —it can surely only add to the pleasure.8. Why does the worker bee store the nectar in its stomachA. To digest better.B. To absorb its nutrition.C. To keep it for its future food.D. To share it with other bees.9. What can be inferred from paragraph 3A. The cells are sealed by sticky solution.B. Producing honey requires teamwork.C. The drying work is done by female bees.D. It’s critical to maintain water percentage.10. How is the last paragraph developedA. By listing figures.B. By giving definitions.C. By making comparisons.D. By providing examples.11. Which may be a suitable title for the textA. Skilled WorkersB. A Simple PleasureC. Advanced and Intelligent CreaturesD. Luxurious Sweetness from Delicate WorkDTitled “A new future of work: The race to deploy (部署) AI and raise skills in Europe and beyond”, the report highlights the potential for AI to transform the global workforce by 2030, China Media Group reported on Sunday.The report suggests that generative AI could automate nearly one-third of working hours in the US and Europe, leading to a polarization of the labor market. High-skilled, high-wage jobs may face talent shortages, while low-wage industries could experience asurplus (剩余) of labor. The percentage of high-wage jobs is expected to rise by 1.8 percent, while low-wage jobs may decrease by 1.4 percent. Germany, according to the report, is projected to have around 3 million jobs affected by AI by 2030, representing 7 percent of its total employment. Office jobs in administrative sectors of companies and public institutions are expected to be hit the hardest, accounting for 54 percent of all AI-impacted positions. In addition, the report stresses the importance of upskilling and reskilling the workforce to meet the challenges and opportunities presented by AI, suggesting that individuals can adapt by actively participating in training programs. McKinsey researchers call on manager s to invest heavily in employee education and training, saying that without a significant improvement in the skill levels of the workforce, AI cannot fully release its potential.The rapid development and widespread application of AI are unavoidable trends, and the potential risks and issues must be addressed through development. Improving the governance system is not about restricting AI development but promoting its healthy growth. It is essential to establish a legal and policy framework suited to the development. The necessities are highlighted that a policy environment should be created which is beneficial to AI research, development, and application and thesafety responsibilities and accountability mechanisms for AI systems should be clarified, ensuring trackability and repairability of responsible parties.12. What is paragraph 2 of the text mainly aboutA. The threats posed by AI.B. The future workforce training.C. The advantages of AI workforce.D. The potential effect of AI on workforce.13. What is emphasized to meet the challengeA. Education and training.B. Skills of management.C. Government investment.D. Policy and opportunities.14. What is the author’s attitude towards AI developmentA. Unclear.B. Dismissive.C. Objective.D. Doubtful.15. Which column of a news website may the text be taken fromA. Fashion.B. Health.C. Technology.D. Service.第二节(共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
专题11 情态动词与虚拟语气-备战2022年高考英语考试易错题 (教师版含解析)
专题11 情态动词和虚拟语气易错题【01】情态动词基本用法易错题【02】情态动词表推想的用法易错题【03】虚拟语气01情态动词基本用法1.(2020·天津卷)Jim says we ______ stay in his house as long as we leave it clean and tidy .A. mustB. canC. needD. should【警示】本题简洁出错的主要缘由是句子结构分析不清楚。
【问诊】考查情态动词。
句意:吉姆说我们可以住在他的房子里，只要我们保持它洁净洁净。
A. must必需；B. can能，可以；C. need需要；D. should应当。
依据后面的“as long as we leave it clean and tidy”可知，Jim许可我们待在他的房子里，即:我们”能，可以”待在他的房子里。
故选B。
【答案】B【嘱咐】情态动词主要用以表明说话者对某一行为的态度和观点。
用在行为动词前，表示说话者对这一动作或状态的看法或主观设想。
表达说话者的情态主要包括力量、可能、命令、要求、许诺、威逼等。
虽然数量不多，但是用途广泛。
情态动词是表示语气的单词，本身虽然有肯定的词义，但不能独立的作谓语，也没有人称和数的变化，只能和动词一起构成谓语。
情态动词的语法特征：人称和数：情态动词没有人称和数的变化。
句法功能：情态动词不能单独作谓语，后跟动词原形共同构成谓语。
否定形式：多数情态动词的否定式是在情态动词的后面加not。
时态形式：个别情态动词有现在式和过去式两种形式，过去式用来表达更加客气、委婉的语气。
句中位置：情态动词在句中放在谓语之前；谓语动词前若有助动词，则在助动词之前。
疑问句中则在主语之前。
常见的情态动词：1.情态动词近几年常考点总结近几年高考语法填空对情态动词的考查可知，主要涉及以下3点：(1)情态动词后要加动词原形/系动词be构成谓语。
(2)含情态动词的被动语态结构：情态动词＋be＋过去分词。
高中英语必修五英语短语归纳
以下是⽆忧考为⼤家整理的关于《⾼中英语必修五英语短语归纳》的⽂章，供⼤家学习参考！Unit 1 Great scientistsI. Phrases1. put forward 提出2. draw a conclusion 得出结论3. be/get under control 在……控制下be/get out of control失去控制，不能操纵4. be absorbed in 专⼼5. be to blame 应该受责备（⽤主动形式表⽰被动）blame sb. for sth. 因某事责备某⼈6. in addition 也，另外，此外7. link...to... 将…和…连接或联系起来8. die of 因…⽽死亡（内因）die from 因…⽽死亡（外因）9. lead to 导致，通向10. make sense 有意义，说得通11. apart from 除…之外，此外12. contribute to 为…作贡献或捐款，导致，有助于13. be enthusiastic about 对…热情14. be curious about 对…好奇15. cure sb. of illness 治好某⼈…病16. point of view 态度，观点，看法17.（be）strict with sb. 对某⼈要求严格II. Sentences1. John Snow was a well-known doctor in London – so famous, indeed, that he attended Queen Victoria to ease the birth of her babies.约翰·斯诺曾经是伦敦⼀位的医⽣――他的确太负盛名了，所以维多利亚⼥皇⽣孩⼦时都是他去照料，帮助她顺利分娩。
2. But he became inspired when he thought about helping ordinary people exposed to cholera.但当他⼀想到要帮助患病的普通⽼百姓，特别是那些得了霍乱的患者时，他就感到很振奋。
人教版高中英语必修五Unit-5-单词详解
Unit51、aid n.&vt.帮助；援助；资助with the aid of在…的帮助下，在…援助下give aid to给…予帮助first aid急救；急救护理aid in vt.帮助；帮助（在...给予帮助）2、first aid（对伤患者的）急救3、tem·po·rar·y['tempˌr ri]adj.tempor=time时暂时的；临时的temporary storage暂时存储器；暂时库容；中间存储器temporary work临时工作；临时工程temporary shelter临时避难所；临时收容中心；临时安置所；临时庇护站temporary construction临时建筑工程；临时结构，临时构筑物temporary job临时性工作temporary employment短工temporary file暂时文件；暂存文件temporary housing临时住房，应急住宅；临时住宿temporary road临时道路temporary worker临时工4、fall ill生病5、in·ju·ry['ind ri]n.(plural in·ju·ries)损伤；伤害brain injury[医]脑损伤personal injury人身伤害serious injury重伤；严重损害head injury头部伤害bodily injury身体伤害industrial injury工伤；工业损伤back injury背部损伤injury time（足球比赛中）伤停补时cold injury冻伤skin injury皮肤损伤human injury人身事故6、bleed vi.&vt.（bled;bled）流血1.Then left him there bleed to death.他们就让他慢慢流血而死。
mrcool 5th gen multi-zone diy ductless mini-split
1. Place outside condenser unit firmly on the ground or attach it to a secure metal wall bracket or pad. A drain pipe underneath the unit is not required unless the unit is elevated. Please refer to the manual for more information.
*Pat. https:///mrcool-patents/
DIY® Multi-Zone
4th GEN Do-It-Yourself Ductless Mini-Split Heat Pump A/C
SMART CONTROLLER
***************Note**************** This guide is for convenience. Please refer to the installation manual for more detailed instructions and descriptions. Version Date: 06-07-22
STEP 3 - Continued
4. Snap the air handler onto the wall bracket by leaning the top towards the wall and hooking it on the top of bracket. Then, apply pressure to the bottom half to snap it to the bracket. Repeat these steps for each additional air handler.
国际极电-电源管理选择指南说明书
MVol ReguCONTAmplifierSCIFuel Pressure Current Sensing, Rotor Position, Angle SensingSmartRectifier™IR1166/67: Simple, High Efficiency Sync RecFor de signe rs of high powe r flyback and re sonant half-bridge conve rte rs for laptops, mini-PCs, LCD and PDP TVs and games, the SmartRectifier™ offers a simple, high efficien-cy solution for se condary synchronous re ctification (SR) in all ope rational mode s and application conditions.IR1166/67 can be used with IR’s HEXFET®PowerNo manual assemblyThe µPFC TM Family of Controller ICs Alters Traditional Thinking About PFC SolutionsThe IR1150 uses a new, patented "One-Cycle Control (OCC), integrator with reset" tech-nique to deliver the high performance of Continuous Conduction Mode (CCM) PFC with the simplicity and low component count of Discontinuous Current Mode (DCM).OCC doe s not have the traditional analog multiplie r, AC line se nsing or fixe d oscillator ramp. In OCC the output of the error amplifier is integrated over each clock cycle to gen-erate a variable-slope ramp. This variable ramp is compared with the error voltage and subtracted from the current sense signal to generate the PWM gate drive.The IRS2092 is an inte grate d drive r IC fe aturing prote cte d PWM switching for me diumpower, high performance Class D audio amplifiers up to 500W in home theatre, home stereo,active speaker, musical instrument, and professional audio applications.Based upon a half bridge topology, the new audio driver IC integrates four essential func-tions for Class D design implementation including error amplifier, PWM comparator, gatedriver, and robust protection circuitry. As a result, this compact 16-pin IC offers high noiseimmunity, reduced start and stop click noise, and design scalability, while greatly reducingsome of the most complicated and costly design tasks such as overload protection. Motion Control Current Sensing ICsThe IR217x/IR227x is a family of monolithic current sensing ICs designed for motor drive applications. The ICs sense the motor phase current through an external shunt resistor, convert the current information from an analog to a digital signal, and transfer the signalHigh Voltage Gate Driver ICs (HVICs)International Rectifier's MOSFET and IGBT gate driver ICs are the simplest, smallest andlowest cost solution to drive MOSFETs or IGBTs up to 1200V in applications up to 12kW,and can save over 30% in part count in a 50% smaller PCB area compared to a discreteopto-couple r or transforme r-base d solution. With the addition of fe w e xte rnal compo-ne nts, IR gate drive r ICs provide full drive r capability with e xtre me ly fast switching HVICIR Gate Driver ICs Simplify Design (continued)These ICs simplify circuit designs by integrating extensive functionality. They use a low cost bootstrap supply, while opto-couple r-base d circuits typically re quire an auxiliary powe supply. IR Gate Driver ICs offer optional single input or dual input programmable deadtime control for low-side and high-side drivers as well as for 3-phase drivers to provide design flexibility and minimize cross-conduction.HVICs with advanced over-current detection and protection circuitryMulti-chip modules, like the iPOWIR™ intelligent scalable building blocks integrate critical power, drive and control silicon, simplify de sign while raising the e fficie ncy and curre nt density of on-board power converters for the latest generation of low-voltage processors in single- and multiphase topologies. IR's expertise in device matching and "short trace" lay-out deliver this optimized solution that combines multiple power semiconductors, ICs, and passive components into a single package. The iPOWIR MCMs require less developmentThe iP200x series family is a functional “building block” for multiphase buck converters which are use d to powe r GHz class CPUs in high-e nd computing and commun-ications syste ms. Base d on Inte rnational Re ctifie r’s iPOWIR™te chnology, the iP200x integrates the power semiconductors, a driver IC and layout-critical passives required for each phase of a multiphase synchronous buck converter into a single package. These products are offered in either ball grid array (BGA) or land grid array (LGA).LED Lighting Solution 3HB-LEDs fe ature huge longe vity, low mainte nance re quire me nt, small size, de sign flexibility, de corative e ffe ct capability, safe low DC voltage ope ration, e xce lle nt cold we athe r pe rformance, lack of me rcury, supe rior color gamut and brightne ss are making LEDs extremely popular. IR offers dedicated control ICs which can use at best all the LEDs features either in a DC-DC environment or directly off-line. Furthermore IR ICs offers a high degree of integration, minimizing the design time needed and increas-Features at a GlanceIR2161 Halogen •Intelligent Half Bridge DriverHID Lighting Solutions Thanks to key advantages over other light sources (high lumen output, long life, color ren-dering and “point of light”), HID lamps are gaining in popularity in the industrial world. From few tens of watts for shop lights, to several hundreds of watts for street lighting, IR ICs offer a high degree of integration, minimizing the design time needed and increasing ballast reli-ability. The traditional industrial topology includes a PFC front-end, a buck converter to reg-ulate the current, and a full-bridge switching a 50% inverting the polarity.ICICICEMI FilterEMI FilterRectifierHalf-BridgeOutput Stage RectifierHalf-BridgePFCLineLine LIGHTING Halogen Ballast ConfigurationLIGHTING Linear Fluorescent Ballast ConfigurationExponential growth in the requirements for higher current at lower operating voltages has created a rough road for designers of DC-DC power management systems. International Rectifier has focused the power semiconductor industry's largest R&D effort to implement a roadmap for high performance and cost-effective DC-DC power management. IR's exten-sive discrete and IC portfolio makes IR the only power semiconductor company with a prod-The Scalable, Flexible Multiphase ArchitectureThe XPhase chip set consists of the control IC, containing all the one-per-converter circuit-ry, and a scalable array of phase converters, each using a single phase IC with all the one-per-phase circuitry.ApplicationsReal-time Power Monitoring ICThe IR3721 output power monitor IC for low-voltage DC-V IN DC converters used in notebook, desktop computers, ande ne rgy-e fficie nt se rve r applications, utilize s IR’s pate nt-pe nding True Powe r™ te chnology to accurate ly capture highly dynamic power information with 2.5 percent accu-racy at 65°C.Buck versus two top monolithic, lateral FETsSave Energy; Simplify Embedded Power Designs; Shrink Silicon Footprint by 70%The innovative SupIRBuck family of point-of-load (POL) voltage regulators integrates IR’shigh performance synchronous buck control ICs and benchmark HEXFET® trench technol-ogy MOSFETs in a compact 5mm by 6mm Power QFN package, shrinking the silicon footprintby 70 percent compared to discrete solutions, and offering up to ten percent higher full-loadefficiency than competing monolithic ICs.All WARP2 IGBTs are offered with co-pack HEXFRED diodes, which offer excellent reverse recovery characteristics, much better than the integral diodes in a Power MOSFET.The improvement in switching performance, combined with the positive thermal coefficientThe IPMs are an addition to the iMOTION™ family of integrated design platforms from IR. Together with a few external components and our digital controllers, they form a complete motor drive system, greatly accelerating the design path compared to a multi-discrete solu-r-curre nt prote ction, along with short-circuit rate d IGBTs, an integrated under-voltage lockout function, and built-in temperature monitor pro-Ultra-Low R DS(on)Self-Protected Intelligent Power SwitchesIntelligent Power Switches (IPS) from International Rectifier integrate a low R DS(on) output HEXFET®power MOSFET into a single package with protection and control circuits, makingInternational Rectifier Microelectronic RelaysInternational Rectifier microelectronic relays consist of HEXFET® power MOSFET and IGBT output photovoltaic relays, as well as a line of photovoltaic isolators. The operating param-eters of photovoltaic relays are ideal for switching low-level signal loads in instrumentation and data acquisition to medium power loads in industrial controls and process automation,Inte rnational Re ctifie r automotive Tre nch HEXFET®Powe r MOSFETs fe atureimproved efficiency, switching performance and ruggedness compared to competi-tive Trench technology. IR Trench process has been uniquely optimized to extend thebenefits of Trench technology to the harsh automotive environment without sacrific-ing the avalanche rugge dne ss that automotive syste m de signe rs have come toexpect from IR’s planar MOSFETs.TrenchThe International Rectifier DirectFET power packageThe Inte rnational Re ctifie r Dire ctFET powe r package is a bre akthrough surface-mount power MOSFET packaging technology designed for efficient topside cooling in a SO-8 foot-print. In combination with improved bottom-side cooling, the new package can be cooled on both sides to cut part count by up to 60%, and board space by as much as 50% comparedfrom electrical and thermal point of view features. The Discovery Center is organized in the following sections:•DirectFET MOSFET Overview features a complete and deep description of the。
Acura NSX维护手册说明书
Main Menu
Maintenance
Regularly maintaining your Acura is the best way to protect your investment. You will be rewarded with safer, more economical, trouble-free driving. This section lists items that need to be checked regularly and explains how to check them. It also details some simple maintenance tasks you can do yourself. The maintenance schedules for normal and severe driving conditions show you when these things need to be done.
Air Cleaner Element ..................... 149 Fuel Filter....................................... 151 Spark Plugs.................................... 151
If you are interested in how to perform more complex maintenance on your NSX, you can purchase the NSX Service Manual. See page 231 for information on how to obtain a copy, or see your Acura dealer.Maintenance
小学下册O卷英语第5单元综合卷
小学下册英语第5单元综合卷英语试题一、综合题(本题有100小题，每小题1分，共100分.每小题不选、错误，均不给分)1.The _____ (草) is green and lush.2.What do you call a person who teaches students?A. TeacherB. InstructorC. EducatorD. All of the aboveD3. A __________ is a notable geographical feature.4.What do we call the liquid part of blood?A. PlasmaB. SerumC. PlateletsD. HemoglobinA5.My grandma enjoys making ____ (candies).6.I enjoy playing ________ (电子游戏) on my tablet.7.The __________ (历史的共鸣) speaks to us all.8.What is the name of the ocean located to the east of the United States?A. Atlantic OceanB. Pacific OceanC. Indian OceanD. Arctic OceanA9.The _____ (植物生物多样性) is essential for vibrant ecosystems.10.I have a _______ (test) in math tomorrow.11.The pH scale measures how _______ or basic a solution is.12.What do we call a person who studies history?A. HistorianB. ArchaeologistC. GeographerD. AnthropologistA13.The _______ is the largest planet in our solar system.14. A strong base has a pH closer to ______.15.The _______ of a wave can be affected by changes in the medium.16.What is the common name for a wild horse?A. PonyB. MustangC. ZebraD. DonkeyB17.ts can ______ (净化) air pollutants. Some pla18.What do you call a young female pig?A. PigletB. SowC. BoarD. Gilt19.The __________ is the capital city of Japan. (东京)20.She is a great ___. (cook)21.My brother is a _____ (学生) who loves history.22.The chemical formula for calcium chloride is __________.23.The __________ is a large expanse of open water.24.How many stars are on the US flag?A. 50B. 48C. 52D. 54A25.My friend is a great __________ (社交者).26. A _______ is a liquid that can dissolve other substances.27._____ (温带) plants can survive in seasonal changes.28.There are three states of matter: solid, liquid, and _______.29. A _______ is a solution that has reached its maximum solute concentration.30.The ____ hops quickly and loves to nibble on carrots.31.The garden is full of ______ (trees).32.What is the name of the famous British author known for "The Chronicles of Narnia"?A. J.K. RowlingB.C.S. Lewis C. Philip PullmanD. J.R.R. TolkienB33.The ________ was a major turning point in the American Civil War.34.The ______ is known for her amazing voice.35.What do we call the process of restoring damaged ecosystems?A. Ecological restorationB. RehabilitationC. ConservationD. PreservationA36.The _______ of a plant can tell us about its age.37.What do you call the frozen form of water?A. VaporB. IceC. SteamD. Snow38.In a chemical reaction, the energy can be stored or _____.39.The ocean waves are _______ (汹涌).40. (Indians) lived in North America long before European settlers arrived. The ____41.What do we call the force that pulls objects toward the Earth?A. MagnetismB. GravityC. FrictionD. PressureB42.I like to ________ my homework.43.Planets like Venus and Earth are called _______ planets because they are rocky.44. A __________ is a region that is very cold.45.My brother is very __________ (友好) to his peers.46.The chemical properties of a substance can be tested through _____.47.What do we call the scientific study of matter and energy?A. PhysicsB. ChemistryC. BiologyD. Earth ScienceA48.Which gas do we breathe in?A. Carbon DioxideB. OxygenC. NitrogenD. Hydrogen49.What is 10 - 4?A. 5B. 6C. 7D. 8B50.Table sugar is also known as _____.51.The Earth's crust is made up of various ______ types.52.What is the name of the famous clock tower in London?A. Big BenB. Tower BridgeC. London EyeD. Buckingham Palace53.The rabbit is ______ in the garden. (hiding)54.We can _______ a fun game together.55.The first man to swim the English Channel was _______. (马修·韦本)56.The ________ (海岸线) is long and sandy.57.What type of tree produces acorns?A. PineB. OakC. MapleD. BirchB58.The rabbit is _____ (big/small).59.What do you call a story about a hero?A. AdventureB. MythC. LegendD. All of the aboveD60.The ______ is a talented vocalist.61.I want to ___ (learn/know) more about it.62.How do you say "谢谢" in English?A. PleaseB. HelloC. Thank youD. Goodbye63.What do we call a person who studies physics?A. PhysicistB. ChemistC. BiologistD. Mathematician64.We enjoy _______ (看电影) together.65.What is the name of the process by which plants lose water?A. AbsorptionB. RespirationC. TranspirationD. EvaporationC66.My cousin is my cheerful _______ who plays with me.67.The ____ swims in rivers and loves to catch fish.68.__________ are used in the production of fertilizers.69.小海豹) basks on the rocks. The ___70.What do you call the tool used to write on paper?A. BrushB. PencilC. KnifeD. Ruler71. A _____ (emulsion) is a mixture of two liquids that normally do not mix.72.We enjoy _______ (hiking) in the mountains.73. A saturated solution contains the maximum amount of ______ dissolved.74.What is the name of the famous American singer known for her powerful voice?A. AdeleB. Whitney HoustonC. Mariah CareyD. BeyoncéB75.The _____ (conifer) has needle-like leaves.76.在历史上，________ (conflicts) 影响了国家的边界与发展。
小学上册E卷英语第3单元真题(有答案)
小学上册英语第3单元真题(有答案)英语试题一、综合题(本题有100小题，每小题1分，共100分.每小题不选、错误，均不给分)1. A bison can run at speeds up to ______ (每小时35公里).2.The chemical symbol for magnesium is __________.3.I enjoy playing with my _____ (玩具火车).4.The _______ (The Enlightenment) influenced modern democratic principles.5.I want to travel to __________ because I want to see __________.6. A __________ (分子间力) influences the physical properties of a substance.7.The ________ (天气预报) said it would rain today.8.The _____ (garden) is where I find peace.9.The parrot mimics sounds it hears from _________. (人)10.The cat purrs when it is ________________ (满足).11.My grandma enjoys knitting ____ (hats).12.My aunt has a beautiful ________ (玫瑰花园) that attracts many ________ (蜜蜂).13.The bird is singing ________ (在树上).14.The ancient Romans celebrated games in honor of their _______.15. A __________ can help scientists learn about past climates.16.The _______ (松鼠) collects acorns.17.The __________ is a famous mountain located in South America. (安第斯山脉)18.Which animal has a long trunk?A. GiraffeB. ElephantC. RhinoD. Hippopotamus答案:B19.I love _______ (去海滩).20. A _______ (小开心果) is a favorite snack for many animals.21.What is the name of the famous waterfall in Venezuela?A. Iguazu FallsB. Angel FallsC. Victoria FallsD. Niagara Falls 答案: B22.The chemical formula for -pentanoic acid is ______.23.I love to _______ (写博客) about my interests.24.The ______ is essential for many ecosystems.25.The musician plays various _____ (乐器) skillfully.26.My uncle is a _____ (警察) who keeps us safe.27.She is a great ___. (athlete)28.My grandma is my favorite _______ who tells stories.29.The body system that helps us breathe is the ______ system.30.The soup is ___ (hot/cold) today.31. A solution with a pH of is considered _______.32.The boy is very ________.33.The _____ (clouds) look gray.34.The invention of the ________ changed the landscape of agriculture.35.I think it’s important to stay curious and never st op ________ (学习).36.Some plants can grow in very ______ soils.37.In _____ (澳大利亚), you can find the Outback.38.The sun is _______ today.39.The __________ is a large area of sandy soil.40.The process of making soap involves a reaction called _______.41. A solution with a pH less than is considered _______.42.I see a ______ (bird) in the tree.43.I love to ________ (聚会) with friends.44.What shape has three sides?A. SquareB. TriangleC. CircleD. Rectangle答案:B45.I see a _____ (bird/fish) flying.munity engagement strategy) fosters participation. The ____47.We visit the ______ (艺术家工作室) to see creations.48.I enjoy visiting the ________ (海洋馆) to see sea creatures.49. (13) Pole is covered in ice. The ____50.I love watching ______ (动画片) on weekends. They always make me smile.51.The capital of Mozambique is __________.52.The _____ (开花) of cherry blossoms is celebrated annually.53.Satellites orbit the Earth to provide ______.54.The ______ is known for her writing skills.55.The flowers are ______ in spring.56.My pet dog loves to go for a _________ (散步).57.My favorite dessert is _______ (蛋糕).58.The roots of a plant are found _____ (在下面).59.Acids turn blue litmus paper _______.60.I want to learn how to ________ (骑马).61. A __________ (实验室记录) is essential for reproducing results.62. A __________ is formed from the cooling of magma below the surface.63. (99) is a popular sport in many countries. The ____64.My favorite way to celebrate is ______.65.The ________ makes a nice sound when it sings.66.What is the name of the planet we live on?A. MarsB. VenusC. EarthD. Saturn答案: C67.The puppy loves to ______ (玩) with its ball.68.The cake is ___. (delicious)69.My ________ (外公) tells fascinating stories from the past.70.Planting trees can reduce ______ (空气污染).71.My aunt loves __________ (学习新技术).72. A ________ (豹) is known for its beautiful spots.73.古代玛雅文明以其________ (calendar) 和建筑而闻名。
For me. For you. Clean 保持马尼托巴水源地清洁和健康的手册说明书
For me. For you.Clean A hands-on guide tokeeping Manitoba’s water clean and healthy.water.Forever.Where the water flowsWater is contained in natural geographic regions called watersheds. Think of them as large bowls. Sometimes they are grouped together to form larger regions, sometimes they are small and isolated. Watersheds help us protect our water by allowing us to controlthe spread of pollutants and foreign species from one watershed to another. When we see Manitoba as a network of watersheds, it helps us to understand how actions in one area can affect water in other areas. Where the water meets the landThe strip of land alongside rivers, lakes, streams, dugouts, ponds and even man-made ditches is called a riparian zone or shoreline. The trees and vegetation along this strip of land are an important habitat for many kinds of wildlife and the last line of defense between pollutants in the ground and our water. Maintaining our shorelineis essential to preserving and protecting Manitoba’s water. Wetland habitatsAreas where the ground is soggy, or where shallow water ripples through high grass or reeds, are often called bogs, fens or marshes. These wetland habitats are a vital part of Manitoba’s water landscape; they provide habitat for many aquatic and semi-aquatic birds, animals and insects. Wetlands are also natural fi lters that reduce the pollutants and toxins that can end up in our water system.Manitoba water facts • Manitoba’s 100,000 lakes and assorted rivers and streams carry 900 trillion litres of surface water and cover 16% of the province.• Wetlands and peatlands cover 41% of the province.• Three of Canada’s 14 largest lakes are in Manitoba — Lake Winnipeg, Lake Manitoba and Lake Winnipegosis.• Manitoba is the only provincein Canada where all river water eventually fl ows north.• More than 70% of the fl ow in our streams and rivers originates outside of Manitoba.W aterManitoba’sWater is Manitoba’s most precious and essential resource.Our deep, pristine lakes give us drinking water. As well, our lakes are beautiful recreation spots enjoyed by thousands of campers, cottagers and fi shers — including many fi shers who earn their living on our lakes.Manitoba’s lakes, rivers and wetlands are home to a wide varietyof fi sh and wildlife. And our rushing rivers generate power for our businesses and light up our homes.Even more important, water is the sourceof all life on earth. It touches every areaof our lives. Without it, we could notthrive — we could not even survive.Unfortunately, many of the thingswe do every day can hurt ourwater. That’s why the Manitobagovernment is taking action toprotect our water, and clean it up.But to help make sure Manitobaalways has plenty of clean water, weall have to take action too. Smallchanges can make a big difference.This guide outlines practical thingswe can do in our homes, our yards,at our cottages and when we arecamping, to preserve and protectour water. It’s up to all of us.natural treasureHow water fl ows throughIn Our HomesWe all use water for drinking, food preparation andbathing. About 80% of us consume surface waterfrom lakes and rivers. 20% of us use groundwaterthrough wells from undergroundreservoirs called aquifi ers.RecreationWe use our surface water for swimming,boating, fi shing and a variety of otherrecreational activities. Many touristsvisit Manitoba every year to enjoy ourlakes and rivers.HabitatPeople are not the only living thingsthat depend on water. Manitoba’ssurface water and wetlands arehome to aquatic wildlife such asfi sh and insects, as well as semi-aquatic wildlife — muskrats,beavers, ducks and geese.LivestockLike people, livestock require an abundant supply of high-quality drinking water to live and thrive.IndustrialManitoba’s industries use both surface water and groundwater for activities such as pulp and paper production, mining, smelting, manufacturing and distilling, cooling and heating.Power generationManitoba is a leader in generating clean, reliable hydroelectricity. Water powers our computers, our lights and our refrigerators.IrrigationMany of Manitoba’s crops are irrigated by both surface water and groundwater.We also use water to irrigate ourlawns and gardens.our lives Water makes life possible and helps our economythrive. If you think about it, water touches nearlyeverything we do.Manitoba is fortunate to be one of the most‘water rich’ places on earth, but many things can impact the quality of our water, including our own activities.PollutionBoth natural and human activities cause pollution, and pollution can reduce the quality of our surface water and groundwater. Natural pollutants include salts, arsenic, uranium and wildlife wastes. Human activities that cause pollution include leaking septic fi elds, wastewater, petroleum storage tanks, fertilizers, pesticides and livestock waste.NutrientsNutrients are usually a good thing, but when nutrient levels inthe water get too high, aquatic plant growth can get out of control and cause damage to the water. Sources of harmful levels of nutrients include human sewage, bog drainage, pet and livestock feces, agricultural, lawn and garden fertilizers, wastewater and cleaning products.ConsumptionWe have lots of water, but our supply is notendless. Overuse can deplete both groundwaterand surface water supplies. Only 5% ofhousehold water is used for cooking anddrinking. The rest is fl ushed away in toilet water,showers or sinks. In summer months, activitiessuch as watering the lawn and garden, andwashing the car can increase water use by 50%.Foreign speciesOur surface waters are home to many species of plants, insects and aquatic life. This environment can be delicate and easily upset. The introduction of foreign species of insects, plants, fi sh or other typesof wildlife can have a dramatic impact. Foreign species can be carried from one waterway to another on boat bottoms or in bait buckets. Floods and droughtFloods and droughts can also affect our water supplies. Droughtscan deplete both surface water and groundwater, and fl oods can transport garbage, pollution and foreign species that can damage our surface waters.Climate changeClimate change has the potential to seriously damage Manitoba’s water. Severe weather caused by climate change can threaten our watersheds. Even small, long-term increases in average temperature can reduce wildlife populations and permanently damagewater systems.Only 5% ofdomestic waterconsumptionis used forcooking anddrinking.Manitoba’s water Threats toLake Winnipeg Protecting our Prairie Ocean With a surface area of 24,000 square kilometres, Lake Winnipeg is one of the largest freshwater lakes in the world. Over the past 30 years, human activity has increased the level of harmful nutrients like nitrogen and phosphorus in Lake Winnipeg, causing algae overgrowth. Too much algae in the lake: • reduces recreational opportunities like swimming and water sports • increases drinking water treatment costs • changes aquatic habitat and produces toxins that are harmful to people, pets, fi sh and wildlife • clogs the nets and threatens the livelihood of over 800 commercial fi shers Lake Winnipeg is too important to allow these changes to continue. The province is working with industry, communities, and neighbouring states and provinces to restore Lake Winnipeg. As part of the Lake Winnipeg Action Plan , the province created the Lake Winnipeg Stewardship Board. The Board will help Manitobans fi nd the best way to reduce the fl ow of harmful nutrients into the lake.The Clean Beaches program encourages Manitobans to protect Lake Winnipeg by following some simple guidelines.• Don’t feed the shore birds — gulls can quickly become accustomed to eating and living on the beach.• Don’t litter or discard food on the beach — dispose of trash in proper receptacles.• Change diapered children frequently and away from the water’s edge.• Never bury waste in the sand.Working to protect Manitoba’s clean water policyManitoba has lots of water, but it’s a fragile resource that we can’ttake for granted.From farming to fi shing, from recreational activities to powering ourhomes and businesses, Manitobans rely on our province’s supply ofclean, fresh water every day.The Manitoba government is working hard to preserve and protectthis vital natural resource by:Manitoba’s water • closely managing fi sh habitats• promoting water conservation• ensuring surface water and groundwater quality through controls onindustry and wastewater treatment• controlling harmful nutrient levels in our lakes and streams• continually testing drinking water supplies• working with Manitobans to improve water quality in our lakes withspecial emphasis on restoring Lake Winnipeg• working with northern Manitoba communities to plan hydroelectricdevelopment and to ensure that proper environmental assessments areconducted• working with the agricultural industry and agricultural communities tomeet the challenges ahead while protecting Manitoba’s water• working with communities and organizations to develop Manitobawatershed management plans• seeking input from Manitobans on land drainage, water use, planning,stewardship and conservation• seeking input from Aboriginal communities and northern residents onManitoba’s water strategy and implementationAt homeHere are just a few simple ways you can conserveand protect water right in your own home — andsave on your water bills at the same time.Install low-flow faucets andshower headsThese inexpensive replacements can reduce the amount of water you use in your shower by up to 50%. Shorter showers and only fi lling the bath half way can save a lot too.Make sure your dishwasher is full before useYour dishwasher uses just as much water full or empty.Same goes for your washing machineFill your washing machine to its maximum recommended load or select reduced water volumes for smaller loads.Don’t be a dripFix leaks and drips. A tap dripping at 30 drops per minute adds up to about 250 litres per month.Turn off the tapDon’t leave the water running when you wash dishes,brush your teeth or shave, and put a pitcher of water inthe fridge instead of running the tap for a cold drink.Install a low-flush toiletIf you’re renovating or repairing your toilet,consider a low-fl ow toilet, they dramaticallyreduce water use.Install a toilet damA toilet dam or even a water-fi lled plastic bottlein your toilet tank will reduce the amount ofwater used every time you fl ush.RecycleThe less waste we put in landfi lls, the less chance it has to get into our groundwater, lakes and streams.Properly dispose of hazardous household waste Paints, chemicals and household cleaners should not be disposed of with other household waste or ever fl ushedor poured down the drain. Contact your localhazardous waste disposal agencyfor instructions.And in your yardUse fertilizer sparinglyon grass and gardensFollow manufacturers’ instructions.Excess fertilizer may end up in thewater supply.Limit pesticide usagePesticides are chemicals, andtheir use can contaminate water.Use sparingly.Compost your kitchen andgarden waste and use itinstead of fertilizerCompost is the natural way tofertilize. It’s free and an economicalway to recycle organic waste.Clean up after your dog anddispose of waste in the trashPet waste belongs in the trash, not on the grasswhere it can contaminate surface or ground water.Almost 40%household water used is fl ushed downthe toilet.At the cottage, beachand when campingProtect or enhance your shorelineDon’t remove trees, rocks or shrubs from the shoreline. They help protect against pollution and erosion.Don’t carry aquatic plants or animals from one water body to anotherInspect your boat before moving it, and make sure it is clean of aquatic plants and animals.Empty your bait bucket on land before leavinga water bodyBait found at one river or lake should not be used in another.Every ecosystem is unique and fragile.Don’t use fertilizers or pesticideswithin 30 metres of the shorelineIt can run into the water and create excessivegrowth of algae and water plants.Use phosphate-free soaps anddetergents at the cottagePhosphates are nutrients that can alsocause excessive growth of algae andwater plants.Never bury garbageor waste near a lakeor streamHarmful pollutants may eventuallyget into the water. Take yourgarbage with you, or dispose of itin appropriate receptacles. Have regular maintenance performed on your septic field or holding tankInspect and repair your cottage septic fi eld or tank regularly.Don’t overfill your boat’s fuel tankSpilled fuel or oil from overfull tanks is toxic to aquatic plants and fi sh. On your rural propertyDo not over apply fertilizers and pesticidesFollow the manufacturers’ directions, and use only when necessary. Excess fertilizers can run into our lakes and rivers. Too much fertilizer causes overgrowth of algae and water plants and can even make water supplies toxic to people, fi sh and wildlife.Drain water away from wellsEnsure that surface pollution and animal waste drains away from your well to prevent contamination.Properly seal old wellsEnsure that old wells do not become a source ofcontamination to your groundwater.Repair leaking septic fieldsLeaking septic tanks are a major cause ofgroundwater contamination. Have yoursinspected regularly.Consider using a holding tankinstead of a septic fieldHolding tanks are emptied regularly and the wasteis taken to a disposal site.Repair leaking oil and fuel tanksLeaking oil and fuel tanks can contaminate soil aswell as water. Inspect and repair as required.Sure, we have a lot of water, and we keep getting more. After all, it falls from the sky, doesn’t it?The truth is, the quality of our water is eroding all the time. Partly from natural causes, but mostly from the way we treat our environment. If we do nothing, it’s possible that we will see drastic effects even in our own lifetime, and that the legacy we leave for future Manitobans will not benearly so clean or healthy.The time to act is now.It’s up to all of us.If we do nothing • Water pollution will increase.• Our drinking water quality will bepoor, and it will cost more to treat it.• Lakes, rivers and beaches won’tbe attractive places for swimming,fi shing or camping.• People, pets, fi sh and wildlife maybecome ill from water contamination.• Loss of tourism and industry couldhave adverse economic impacts. The province is working with individuals and communities to develop programs that manage water rights and promote water-related ecotourism, and ensure that all Manitobans have access to our province’s water resources in a sustainable, environmentally responsible way.Protecting our water may seem like a big task, but if everyone is simply a little more careful, and makes a few small changes, together we can make a huge difference.Want to do more to preserve and protect Manitoba’s water? Spread the word about what you and others can do. Got ideas for a practical, sustainable project that would help to protect Manitoba’s water? Let us know! We may be able to help get you started.Participate There are many ways to participate in Manitoba’s water strategy. Attend public consultations — your input matters. Get involved inyour local conservation organization or watershed planning activities. Take care of the water, streams, wetlands and shorelines around your community and encourage others to help. You can make a difference.Learn moreTo fi nd out more about what you can do to protect Manitoba’s water treasure, or for more information about all the topics in this brochure, visit us on the web at:www.manitoba.ca/waterstewardshipis not an option drop in the bucket Doing nothingNot just a。
小学上册第七次英语第5单元测验试卷(有答案)
小学上册英语第5单元测验试卷(有答案)英语试题一、综合题(本题有100小题，每小题1分，共100分.每小题不选、错误，均不给分)1. A ________ (生态平衡) ensures diversity.2.What is the name of the famous archaeological site in Mexico?A. TeotihuacanB. Machu PicchuC. Chichen ItzaD. Tikal答案:C. Chichen Itza3.The hummingbird can flap its wings very _______ (快).4.The otter uses rocks to crack open _______ (贝壳).5.What is 6 + 3?A. 7B. 9C. 8D. 10答案:B 96.My ______ loves to create crafts.7.My ______ loves to cook new recipes.8.The __________ (世界杯) is held every four years.9.The teacher is ______ us. (helping)10.In a chemical reaction, the total number of atoms must remain constant according to the law of _____ of mass.11.What is the process of changing from a liquid to a gas called?A. EvaporationB. CondensationC. SublimationD. Melting答案: A12.What is the capital of Bahrain?A. ManamaB. DohaC. Abu DhabiD. Muscat答案:A13.The chemical formula for ammonium thiocyanate is _______.14. A compound is formed when two or more different ______ combine.15.The Great Depression began in the year _______.16.Which one is a vegetable?A. AppleB. CarrotC. BananaD. Strawberry答案: B17. A saturated solution can hold only a fixed amount of _______.18.What do we call a house made of ice?A. IglooB. CabinC. CottageD. Mansion答案:A19.My room is _______ and cozy.20.The part of an atom that carries a positive charge is the ______.21.I can ___ very fast. (run)22.I read _____ (报纸) with breakfast.23.He is reading a _______ (故事书).24.She is a scientist, ______ (她是一名科学家), studying the environment.25.What do we call a scientist who studies the oceans?A. OceanographerB. Marine biologistC. GeologistD. Meteorologist 答案: A26.The chemical symbol for cadmium is _______.27.The process of rusting is an example of a _____ reaction.28.The chemical properties of a substance are determined by its ______.29.The sun is _______ (shining) through the trees.30.The chemical symbol for scandium is _____.31.The __________ (朝鲜战争) took place from 1950 to 1953.32.My friend is a __________ (热心的) helper in class.33.The _____ (植物生长) is influenced by many factors.34.The _____ (bird) is building a nest.35. A lion is a _____ animal. (wild/domestic/friendly)36.My friend, ______ (我的朋友), loves to explore new places.37.ts have __________ (刺) for protection. Some pla38.Owls hunt for _________ at night. (食物)39.Which animal is known for being very slow?A. RabbitB. TurtleC. CheetahD. Kangaroo答案:B40.The kitten likes to chase a _________. (线)41.I think it’s essential to stay _______ (形容词) in tough times. It helps us become stronger.42.My ________ (姐姐) helps me study for my exams.43.Molecules are made up of two or more _______ bonded together.44.The _____ (花卉香气) enhances the atmosphere.45.An asteroid is a small rocky body that orbits the ______.46.We measure temperature in ______ (degrees).47. A rift valley is formed by the pulling apart of tectonic ______.48.I admire my grandparents for ____.49.I love to build forts using blankets and my ________ (玩具名) inside.50.I like to write ______ (博客) about my interests and hobbies. It’s a way to share with others.51.The __________ (林地) is home to many animals.52.The __________ (历史的学习) opens up new avenues of inquiry.53.The ________ loves to dance in the sunlight.54.I have a toy _______ that makes me laugh every time I play with it.55.My dad is a __________ (投资顾问).56.Which instrument is typically played with a bow?A. FluteB. TrumpetC. ViolinD. Guitar答案: C. Violin57.My bedroom is ______ and ______.58.The __________ can reveal the history of geological processes in a region.59.The ________ (气候带) affects plant growth.60. A llama can carry heavy loads on its ______ (背部).61. A __________ is formed during a chemical reaction.62.What is the capital of Nauru?A. YarenB. Nauru CityC. AiwoD. Buada答案: A63.The dolphin swims _______ (优雅) in the water.64.The main component of nucleotides is _____.65.My favorite fruit is _____ (banana/apple).66.I like to _____ (探索) different cuisines.67.__________ (病毒) can affect living cells and often require chemical treatments.68.I like to ________ my friends.69.My cat catches _______ (老鼠) in the house.70.What is the name of the process by which plants make their own food?A. DigestionB. PhotosynthesisC. RespirationD. Fermentation答案:B71.The axolotl can regenerate its _______.72. A rabbit has large _______ to help it hear all the sounds around it.73.We will _______ (celebrate) New Year's Eve.74.The stars are ________ (闪烁) at night.75.The process of ______ can lead to the formation of sedimentary rock.76.My cousin is a good __________ (演讲者) and speaks clearly.77.I have a ___ (big) family reunion.78.The chemical formula for -octanoic acid is ______.79.The capital city of Singapore is __________.80.The ancient Romans had a complex system of ________ (法律).81. A ______ is a natural formation that can provide habitat.82.Planting diverse species can enhance the resilience of your ______. (种植多样物种可以增强系统的韧性。
戴森空气净化器说明书
S V 12 J N .00000 P N .000000-00-00 00.00.00 V E R S I O N N O .01ContentsGetting startedAssembling your machine Positioning your machineConnecting to the MyDyson™ a pp Connecting to your smart home Power on/offContinuous monitoring Information menuAuto purifySet airflow speed and direction Night mode and Sleep timer Changing your HEPA filter Reset your HEPA filter life Changing your carbon filter Reset your carbon filter life Looking after your machineDyson purifier big+quiet formaldehyde logo.formaldehyde.real time.Hidden wheelsEasy to manoeuvre across a room – designed for hard surfaces.Carbon filterfilter is wrapped A real-time LCD display screen reports indoor air quality.on hard surfaces.Assembling your machineUse both hands to lift your machine out of the box, by its base.Your machine comes with a HEPA filter, carbon filter and permanent catalytic filter. These are already installed in your machine.Lift the conic amplifier out of the box and place it on the top of your machine.Rotate the conic amplifier until it clicks securely into place.Plug in and press the power button on the screen or remote control.Place the remote control on the front of yourmachine with the buttons facing down.The image demonstrates the location of the standby button and remote control.Image demonstrates how to assemble theDyson purifier big+quiet formaldehyde’s conic amplifier. Position and twist. A click indicates a secure lock.Positioning your machineYour machine is fitted with wheels to make it easier to move.Position your machine on a level floor.For the most effective purification, position your machine on the edge of the room at least 1 metre from the wall, with the conic amplifier pointing to the furthest point, along the wall.You can also position your machine facing diagonally acrossthe room.The purifier positioned on the edge of a room. A blue arrow shows the conic amplifier direction, pointing to furthest point, along the wall.The purifier positioned on the edge of a room. A blue arrow shows the conic amplifier direction, pointing diagonally across the room.Connecting to the MyDyson™ a ppConnecting to your smart homeTake full control with the MyDyson™ a pp and access step-by-step setup and support, control how and when your Dyson air purifier operates, monitor air quality with visual updates and automatically keep up to date with the latest software updates.Download the MyDyson™ a pp from the App Store or Google Play.Open the app and follow the on-screen instructions to create a new account.Apple and the Apple logo are trademarks of Apple Inc., registered in the U.S. and other countries. App Store is a service mark of Apple Inc., registered in the U.S. and other countries.Google Play and the Google Play logo are trademarks of Google Inc.The Android robot is reproduced or modified from work created and shared by Google and used according to terms described in the Creative Commons 3.0 Attribution License.Using Amazon AlexaAsk Alexa to enable the Dyson skill – to help control your air purifier. Set a routine that automates how your machine works with other devices in your home.Using Google AssistantControl all of your connected purifiers with Google or set a routine to automate how your machine works with other devices in your home. Just say “Hey Google” to get started.Using SiriConnect your Dyson machine to Siri Shortcuts to control it by voice onyour Apple device.Power on/offPress the Stand-by on/off button on your Dyson air purifier or remote control to start/stop your machine. It will continue to monitor the air quality.Continuous monitoring is turned off by default. You’ll need to activate it to see your historic AQ data.With continuous monitoring active, your Dyson air purifier will gather air quality and temperature information, displaying iton the LCD screen and in the MyDyson™ a pp.Continuous monitoring on/offYou’ll be prompted to activate Continuous monitoring on the MyDyson™ a pp. To turn it on or off using the remote control, press and hold the Auto mode button for five seconds. The LCD screen will indicate the Continuous monitoring status.Wi-Fi connectivityWi-Fi is turned on by default. To turn the Wi-Fi on or off, press and hold the Stand-by on/off button on your machine for five seconds.Continuous monitoring The remote control with the Stand-by button on the top left.Information menuPress this button to scroll through information monitored by your Dyson air purifier.Information about air quality, temperature, humidity and filter levels is shown on the LCD screen.When a particular type of pollutant causes air quality to decrease, a symbol for the pollutant will show on the LCD screen.Volatile organic compoundsVOCs are potentially harmful odours found in cleaning products, paints and furnishings.The current status of connection to theIndoor temperatureMonitor the ambient temperature of the room.Particulate matter (PM2.5)Microscopic particles up to 2.5 microns in size, suspended in the air we breathe. These include smoke, bacteria and allergens.Indoor humidityThe amount of water vapour in the air, shown as a percentage.Nitrogen dioxide and other oxidizing gases Potentially harmful gases released into the air by combustion from cooking and vehicle exhaust emissions.Particulate matter (PM10)Larger microscopic particles up to 10 microns in size, suspended in the air we breathe. These include dust, mould and pollen.Indoor air qualityAir quality graph shows the last12 seconds of data.Formaldehyde (HCHO)A common indoor pollutant released for many years from furnishings, floorings and glue.Carbon dioxide (CO 2)CO 2 can build up indoors without adequate ventilation, which can impact cognitive function.The remote control with the information button highlighted on the right hand side.In Night mode, your Dyson air purifier will continue to clean the air quietly, in a lower airflow speed with its LCD screen dimmed. Press the Night mode and Sleep timer button to scroll through the timer options.Night mode and Sleep timerSet your air purifier to Auto mode and the on-board sensors willintelligently adjust the settings of the machine according to the air quality.Air quality: your machine will pause when the target air quality has been reached, switching on again when the air quality levels drop.Airflow speed: the airflow speed will increase to its maximum until the target air quality has been reached.Increase or decrease the airflow speed and change air direction from 0° to 50° using the remote or MyDyson™ a pp.Select Breeze mode by repeatedly pressing down on the airflow direction button until it activates or by using the MyDyson™ a pp.Auto purifySet airflow speed and directionThe remote control with the Auto mode button highlighted on the left hand side.The remote control with the Night mode button on the bottom right and Sleep timer button on the bottom left.running low. Replacement filters are available to buy on www.dysoncanada.caRemove the conic amplifierSlide the Release button on the back of the conic amplifier to unlock. Lift the conic amplifier off your machine.Lift the outer cover off the base of your machine.Remove the filterThe HEPA filter is located in the outer cover. Press the filter release buttons located on the inner rim and lift the outer cover off the filter.Dispose of the filter.Install a new filterRemove your replacement filter from any packaging. Place the filter on the base of your machine.Place the outer cover over the filter and press down until it clicks securely into position.Place the conic amplifier on your machine and rotate until it clicks securely in position.Plug in, switch on and reset your filter life.Reset your HEPA filter lifeIt’s important to reset the filter life after replacing your filter.Press and hold the Night mode button on the remote control.The LCD screen on your machine will count down from five, until a tick appears on the screen.The filter life has been reset and your machine is ready to use.Pressing the night mode button on the bottom right of the remote control for 5 seconds.running low. Replacements are available to buy on www.dysoncanada.caRemove the conic amplifierSlide the Release button on the back of the conic amplifier to unlock. Lift the conic amplifier off your machine.Lift the outer cover off the base of your machine.Reset your carbon filter lifeIt’s important to reset your filter life after you have replaced your filter.Press and hold the down airflow direction button on the remote control. The LCD screen on your machine will count down from five, until a tick appears on the screen.The filter life has been reset and your machine is ready to use.Remove the filterThe carbon filter is wrapped around the central body of your machine. Pull each of the four clips towards you to release the filter.Dispose of the filter.Install a new filterRemove your replacement filter from any packaging.Wrap the filter around the base of your machine, fit the clips in position and push each one to secure the filter.Place the outer cover and HEPA filter back in position on the base of your machine.Place the conic amplifier on your machine and rotate until it clicks securely in position.Plug in and switch on, and reset your filter life.Holding down theairflow direction button on the right hand side of the remote control for 5 seconds.machine. A clickPlace the outer cover position on the base of your machine.Looking after your machineTo always get the best performance from your Dyson air purifier, it’s important to regularly clean it and check for blockages.Cleaning your machine If your machine is dusty, wipe with damp, lint-free cloth.Check the sensor inlets on the left hand side of the conic amplifier for dust and debris.Look for dust and debris in the outer cover and in the conic e a soft brush to remove dust and debris.Don’t use detergents or polishes to clean your machine.Eye icons identify where a user should regularly check for dust and debris, in outer cover and conic amplifier. Use a soft brush on the areas highlighted to clean the purifier.。
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Introduction
Despite revolutionary changes in IT technology and products over the past decades, the design of cooling infrastructure for data centers has changed very little since 1965. Although IT equipment has always required cooling, the requirements of today’s IT systems, combined with the way that those IT systems are deployed, has created new cooling-related problems which were not foreseen when the cooling principles for the modern data center were developed over 30 years ago. In this paper, a systematic approach of identifying and classifying user problems provides insight regarding the nature and characteristics of cooling systems in next generation mission critical installations. This paper focuses on the problem of removing power in the form of heat from the mission critical installation. A related APC white paper #4: “Essential Power System Requirements for Next Generation Data Centers” addresses the related problems of providing power.
Survey
A survey of management personnel relating to mission critical installations was conducted, interviewing corporate CIO’s, Facility Managers, and IT Managers. Over 90 people were interviewed from over 50 different organizations including Fortune 1000 companies, Government and Education, and Service Providers. Approximately 50% of customers interviewed were from North America, 20% from Europe, and 30% from Japan, Pacific, Australia, and Asia (JPAA) region. The nine-month survey utilized “Voice of the Customer” techniques, which relies on data collection of verbal and/or written responses to open-ended questions. This provides extremely unstructured responses, with the advantage that the responses are not limited or constricted by preconceptions within the question. During the course of the survey, some of the questions were expanded and/or changed in order to clarify ambiguous responses.
3
For each theme area, the challenge, underlying problem, and power system requirements are presented in tabular form. The highest priority problems are listed first under each theme, and were identified by priority as determined by number of mentions combined priority expressed by the respondents.
Reduce the extensive engineering required for customolutions that eliminate and/or simplify most planning and engineering.
Essential Cooling System Requirements for Next Generation Data Centers
White Paper #5
Revision 3
Executive Summary
Effective mission critical installations must address the known problems and challenges relating to current and past data center designs. This paper presents a categorized and prioritized collection of cooling system challenges and requirements as obtained through systematic user interviews.
Adaptability / Scalability Challenges Challenge
Plan for a power density that is increasing and unpredictable
Underlying problems
Industry projections of power density requirements show great uncertainty but new data centers must meet requirements for 10 years. Must take into account IT refreshes that occur every 1.5 to 2.5 years. This engineering is time consuming, expensive, a key source of downstream quality problems, and it makes it very difficult to expand or modify the installation later. Loads are frequently changed. It is difficult to know if the cooling system must be changed, and difficult to determine if the existing system can provide sufficient cooling.
Cooling System Requirements
System design that can be easily adapted, even retrofit, to cool high density racks which might be isolated cases or widespread in the future.
Adapt to ever-changing requirements
A cooling system where it is possible to assure that a new load can be cooled, and where cooling can be easily and quickly directed to isolated high power loads without complicated construction and planning Retrofit options, which provide additional cooling capacity, possibly targeted at specific racks or equipment, which can be easily installed without complex planning or engineering, and without replacing or shutting down the existing systems.
2003 American Power Conversion. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be used, reproduced, photocopied, transmitted, or stored in any retrieval system of any nature, without the written permission of the copyright owner. Rev 2002-3
2003 American Power Conversion. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be used, reproduced, photocopied, transmitted, or stored in any retrieval system of any nature, without the written permission of the copyright owner. Rev 2002-3