conventional energy efficiency technologies can be used to decrease energy use in new commercial bui
远红外发热膜 英文
远红外发热膜英文Far Infrared Heating FilmThe advancement of technology has brought about numerous innovations that have transformed the way we live and interact with our surroundings. One such innovation is the development of far infrared heating film, a revolutionary product that has gained widespread attention in the realm of heating solutions. This technology has the potential to revolutionize the way we heat our homes, offices, and other indoor spaces, offering a more efficient and eco-friendly alternative to traditional heating methods.Far infrared heating film is a thin and flexible material that emits far infrared radiation, a type of electromagnetic radiation that is invisible to the human eye but can be felt as warmth. Unlike conventional heating systems that rely on convection or conduction to transfer heat, far infrared heating film utilizes the power of radiant heat to warm objects and surfaces directly, rather than heating the air in the surrounding environment.One of the key advantages of far infrared heating film is its energy efficiency. Traditional heating systems often waste a significantamount of energy by heating the air, which can then be lost through drafts, poor insulation, or other factors. In contrast, far infrared heating film directly warms the objects and surfaces in a room, minimizing energy loss and providing a more targeted and efficient heating solution. This can lead to significant cost savings on energy bills, making it an attractive option for homeowners and businesses alike.Another benefit of far infrared heating film is its versatility. The thin and flexible nature of the material allows it to be easily installed in a variety of settings, from walls and ceilings to floors and even furniture. This makes it an ideal choice for both new construction and retrofit applications, as it can be seamlessly integrated into existing spaces without the need for major renovations or disruptions.Furthermore, far infrared heating film offers a number of health and wellness benefits. The far infrared radiation emitted by the film has been shown to have positive effects on the human body, including improved blood circulation, reduced muscle tension, and enhanced immune function. This makes it a popular choice for individuals seeking a more natural and holistic approach to heating their living or working spaces.One of the key factors that sets far infrared heating film apart from traditional heating systems is its ability to create a more comfortableand even heating environment. Unlike forced-air heating systems that can produce hot and cold spots, far infrared heating film distributes warmth evenly throughout a room, ensuring a consistent and comfortable temperature. This can be particularly beneficial for individuals with respiratory conditions or those who are sensitive to drafts or uneven heating.In addition to its practical and health-related benefits, far infrared heating film also offers a number of environmental advantages. By reducing the energy consumption required for heating, this technology can contribute to a lower carbon footprint and a more sustainable future. Additionally, the lack of combustion or the use of harmful chemicals in the manufacturing process makes far infrared heating film a more eco-friendly option compared to traditional heating systems.As the demand for energy-efficient and environmentally-friendly heating solutions continues to grow, the popularity of far infrared heating film is likely to increase. This technology has the potential to transform the way we heat our homes and workplaces, offering a more efficient, comfortable, and sustainable alternative to traditional heating methods.In conclusion, far infrared heating film is a remarkable innovation that has the power to revolutionize the way we heat our indoorspaces. With its energy efficiency, versatility, health benefits, and environmental advantages, this technology holds great promise for the future of heating solutions. As we continue to explore and embrace innovative technologies, the widespread adoption of far infrared heating film could play a crucial role in creating a more sustainable and comfortable living and working environment for all.。
托福听力能源类词汇总结
托福听力能源类词汇总结Renewable Energy/ Alternative Energy/ Clean Energy这三个短语经常替换着用，表示可再生能源，替代能源，清洁能源。
很多时候在TPO里出现都指代那些传统能源之外的新能源。
那么首先，传统能源(Traditional / Conventional Energy )有哪些呢?1. Natural gas = Methane天然气(学名甲烷)，是四川地区常用的燃料。
甲烷能够在地底或海底找到，大气中也含有甲烷。
2. Coal煤当然也是古老，不清洁的一种能源了，挖煤(coal mining) 也是一个即将被淘汰的产业3. Petroleum/ Gasoline/ Oil石油是现代最重要的产业之一，TPO 50 Lecture 4 介绍了petroleum industry 的背景和发展。
Petroleum简称petro，主要是使用于英式英语，或讲石油产业时使用。
美国人在日常生活中，去Gas Station 加油，注意不是加气哦。
Crude Oil特指原油，即没有经炼油厂加工的油。
Oil Shale指油页岩，是一种含油的岩石，在美国储存量很大。
以上几种燃料统称为化石然流(FossilFuel)，均不可再生(Non-Renewable)，且燃烧时会产生有害气体。
那么可再生能源有哪些呢?1. SolarEnergy太阳能，大家常常在楼顶看到的吸收太阳能板板就是 Solar Panel. TPO 12 L4 介绍了太阳能发展的历史背景和现阶段应用上的困难。
2. Hydroelectricity/ Tidal Energy/ Wave Power水力发电(Hydroelectricity)是大家比较熟悉的一种水能。
四川的水资源丰富，水利工程也很多。
当然，中国的水利工程是三峡水坝(TheThree Gorges Dam). 潮汐能(Tidal Energy)和波浪能(WavePower)比较相似，都是利用河流或海洋的潮汐，波浪产生的动能转化会电能。
设计碳中和路径的英文
设计碳中和路径的英文To achieve carbon neutrality, we must first focus on reducing greenhouse gas emissions across all sectors of society. This involves transitioning to renewable energy sources, improving energy efficiency, and implementing carbon capture technologies.In the energy sector, transitioning from fossil fuels to renewable sources such as solar, wind, and hydro power is crucial in reducing carbon emissions. This shift not only reduces greenhouse gas emissions, but also promotes energy security and creates new job opportunities in the renewable energy industry.Improving energy efficiency in buildings, transportation, and manufacturing processes is another key component of achieving carbon neutrality. This involves using energy-efficient technologies, reducing waste, and implementingsustainable practices to minimize energy consumption and carbon emissions.Carbon capture and storage technologies play a crucial role in capturing carbon dioxide emissions from industrial processes and power plants before they are released into the atmosphere. This involves capturing carbon dioxide andstoring it underground or utilizing it for enhanced oil recovery or other industrial processes.Furthermore, reforestation and afforestation efforts can help offset carbon emissions by sequestering carbon dioxide through the growth of trees and other vegetation. Forest conservation and sustainable land management practices are essential for maintaining healthy ecosystems and mitigating the effects of climate change.In addition to these mitigation measures, it is also important to actively remove carbon dioxide from the atmosphere through carbon removal technologies such as directair capture and enhanced weathering. These technologies have the potential to play a significant role in achieving carbon neutrality by removing excess carbon dioxide from the atmosphere and storing it in a safe and permanent manner.Transitioning to a circular economy that minimizes waste and promotes recycling and reuse of materials can also help reduce carbon emissions by reducing the need for new production and minimizing the use of finite resources.Public awareness and education are key factors in driving the transition to a carbon-neutral society. By raising awareness about the importance of reducing carbon emissions and promoting sustainable practices, individuals and communities can take action to reduce their carbon footprint and support the transition to a low-carbon economy.In conclusion, achieving carbon neutrality requires a concerted effort from governments, businesses, andindividuals to reduce carbon emissions, transition torenewable energy sources, improve energy efficiency, and implement carbon capture and removal technologies. By working together towards a common goal of carbon neutrality, we can create a sustainable future for generations to come.。
英语作文新能源汽车的优势和劣势
英语作文新能源汽车的优势和劣势Advantages and Disadvantages of Electric VehiclesThe rise of electric vehicles (EVs) has been a significant development in the automotive industry, offering a promising alternative to traditional gasoline-powered cars. As concerns over environmental sustainability and the need to reduce carbon emissions have grown, EVs have emerged as a viable solution to address these pressing issues. In this essay, we will explore the advantages and disadvantages of electric vehicles, providing a comprehensive understanding of their impact on the future of transportation.Advantages of Electric Vehicles1. Environmental Sustainability: One of the primary advantages of electric vehicles is their potential to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and contribute to a cleaner environment. Unlike conventional vehicles that rely on fossil fuels, EVs produce zero direct emissions, making them a more environmentally friendly option. This aligns with the global efforts to combat climate change and promote sustainable transportation solutions.2. Energy Efficiency: Electric vehicles are generally more energy-efficient than their gasoline-powered counterparts. EVs convert a higher percentage of the stored energy in their batteries into kinetic energy, resulting in a more efficient use of energy resources. This translates into lower fuel costs and reduced energy consumption, which can contribute to significant long-term savings for EV owners.3. Reduced Operational Costs: Maintenance and fuel costs for electric vehicles are typically lower than those associated with traditional internal combustion engine vehicles. EVs have fewer moving parts, which can result in lower maintenance requirements and reduced repair expenses. Additionally, the cost of electricity, the "fuel" for EVs, is generally lower than the cost of gasoline, leading to significant savings for EV owners over time.4. Quiet and Smooth Driving Experience: Electric vehicles are known for their quiet and smooth driving experience. The absence of engine noise and vibrations provides a more serene and comfortable driving environment, enhancing the overall driving experience for both the driver and passengers.5. Incentives and Subsidies: Many governments around the world have implemented various incentives and subsidies to encourage the adoption of electric vehicles. These can include tax credits, rebates,or other financial incentives that can make the initial purchase of anEV more affordable for consumers, further driving the transition towards sustainable transportation.Disadvantages of Electric Vehicles1. Limited Range and Charging Infrastructure: One of the primary drawbacks of electric vehicles is their limited range compared to traditional gasoline-powered cars. While advancements in battery technology have improved the range of EVs, the availability of charging infrastructure, especially in rural or remote areas, can still be a significant barrier to widespread adoption. The time required to fully charge an EV can also be longer than the time it takes to refuel a conventional vehicle.2. High Upfront Costs: Electric vehicles generally have a higher initial purchase price compared to their gasoline-powered counterparts. Although the long-term operational costs may be lower, the higher upfront cost can be a deterrent for some consumers, particularly those with limited budgets or who are unable to take advantage of available incentives and subsidies.3. Battery Degradation and Replacement: Over time, the batteries in electric vehicles can degrade, leading to a reduction in their range and performance. The eventual need to replace these batteries can be a significant expense for EV owners, potentially offsetting some ofthe long-term savings associated with lower fuel and maintenance costs.4. Electricity Generation and Grid Capacity: While electric vehicles themselves do not produce direct emissions, the electricity used to charge them may still be generated from non-renewable sources, such as coal or natural gas. The impact on the environment largely depends on the energy mix used to generate the electricity. Additionally, the widespread adoption of EVs could strain the existing electrical grid, necessitating significant investments in infrastructure to accommodate the increased demand for electricity.5. Recycling and Disposal Challenges: The lithium-ion batteries used in electric vehicles can be challenging to recycle and dispose of, as they contain various hazardous materials. The lack of a well-established recycling infrastructure for these batteries can pose environmental concerns and challenges in the long run.In conclusion, the advantages and disadvantages of electric vehicles present a complex and multifaceted landscape. While EVs offer significant environmental benefits, reduced operational costs, and a more enjoyable driving experience, the challenges of limited range, high upfront costs, battery degradation, and infrastructure constraints must be addressed to facilitate a widespread and sustainable transition towards electric mobility. As technologycontinues to evolve and governments implement supportive policies, the future of electric vehicles holds great promise in shaping a more sustainable and environmentally conscious transportation system.。
数据中心能耗绩效指标评价
10 |中美数据中心能效计划 US/China Data Center Efficiency Initiative
Data Center Application Market of China (exclusive of infrastructure) 数据中心应用市场规模（不包括基础设施）
3 |中美数据中心能效计划 US/China Data Center Efficiency Initiative
挑战传统智慧：改变游戏规则
Challenging Conventional Wisdom: Game Changers
需要综合的方法 Need Holistic Approach
• IT和设施的伙伴关系 IT and Facilities Partnership
•
新建的数据中心大量涌现 Significant data center building boom
– 已有的数据中心存在供电和制冷的限制 Power and cooling constraints in existing facilities – 供电系统的限制 Utility distribution constraints
secretarychusaddressdoestaff1220918数据中心的能效15或更少datacenterenergyefficiencyless100单位一次能100unitssourceenergy能效用于计算之能耗一次能源消耗量energyefficiencyusefulcomputationtotalsourceenergy典型的数据中心终端能源消耗typicaldatacenterenergyenduse服务器负荷计算运行用能serverloadcomputingoperations设备制冷coolingequipment电力的转换和配送powerconversionsdistribution配送出33单位电力33unitsdelivered发出35单位电力35unitspowergeneration19服务器负荷和计算运行用能serverloadcomputingoperations制冷设备coolingequipment电力转换和配送powerconversiondistribution可替代燃料发电alternativepowergeneration高压配电highvoltagedistribution高效ups不间断电源系统highefficiencyupssystems高效冗余策略efficientredundancystrategies?使用直流电usedcpower服务器创新serverinnovation?虚拟化计算virtualization?高能效电力供给highefficiencypowersupplies负荷管理loadmanagement气流管理betterairmanagementliquidcooling制冷机组优化optimizedchilledwaterplantsfreecooling热回收heatrecovery自发电包括燃料电池和可再生wasteheatcooling资源onsitegenerationincludingfuelcellsrenewablesources热电联产的应用利用废热制冷chpapplications提高能效的机会energyefficiencyopportunities20典型节能量
地源热泵外文翻译英
Energy Efficiency Technologies – Air Source Heat Pump vs. Ground Source Heat PumpAbstract.Heat pump deserves the name of eco-innovation. It uses ‘free energy’ - warmth collected in the soil or in the air to provide heating and cooling. There are two main types of heat pumps – air source heat pump and ground source heat pump. How do they work? What are the benefits of each system? How do they compare? First of all, questions like “what is heat pump, how does it work, what are ASHPs and GSHPs” will be answer ed. Then a detailed comparison between ASHPs and GSHPs will be carried out, from technological parameters to social, practical, economical parameters. Finally, the conclusions are drawn from these parameters as to decide which kind of heat pump is better off under different conditions.Keywords: Heat pump, Efficiency, Air Source Heat Pump, Ground Source Heat Pump NomenclatureQe: condensation heat rate, kJ s-1Qc: evaporation heat rate, kJ s-1W: compressor input energy, kWCOP: coefficient of performance˙m: mass flow rate, kg s-1h: enthalpy, kJ kg-1˙Q: the rate of heat transfer, kJ s-1Uc/e Ac/e: overall heat transfer coefficient of condenser / evaporator, kW oC-1K: constant, equals Ue Ae / Uc Ac.Tc: temperature in cold region(heat source), oCTh: temperature of warm region (heat sink), oCTre: temperature of refrigerant in evaporator, oCTrc: temperature of refrigerant in condenser, oCTeout: temperature of outlet fluid in evaporator, oCTcout: temperature of outlet fluid in condenser, oC1. IntroductionThe physical law tells us that heat normally flows from a warmer medium to a colder one. But can we move heat from our cooler house and dump it to a higher outside environment in summer? And can we extract heat from a lower temperature outside, to our warmer rooms in winter? The answer is yes if we use a heat pump. The heatpump does so by essentially “pumping” heat up the temperature scale, transferring it from a cold material to a warmer one by adding energy, usually in the form of electricity. The most common type of heat pump is the air-source heat pump, which transfers heat between indoor and the outside air. Ground Source heat pumps (GSHPs) have been in use since late 1940s, they use the constant temperature of the earth as the exchange medium instead of the outside air temperature.2. Background2.1 Heat PumpsHeat pumps (vapor compression heat pumps) transfer heat by circulating a phase changing substance called a refrigerant through a cycle of evaporation and condensation (Figure 1).A compressor pumps the refrigerant between two heat exchanger coils. In one coil, the refrigerant is evaporated at low pressure and absorbs heat from heat source, the refrigerant is then compressed en route to the other coil, where it condenses at high pressure, at this point, it releases the heat it absorbed earlier in the cycle to the heat sink(NRCOEE,2004,p.4).Figure 1. Basic Vapor Compression CycleSource: NRCOEE (Natural Resources’Canada Office of Energy Efficiency), 2004, p.42.2 Energy Balance and Efficiency of Heat PumpsFrom the laws of thermodynamic, the Energy Balance of a heat pump system is:Qc=Qe+W ①Where Qe is the heat absorption rate by the evaporator and Qc is the heat given off at the condenser (Figure 1).The operating temperatures of the vapor-compression refrigeration cycle are established by the temperature Tc to be maintained in the cold region and the temperature Th of the warm region to which heat is discharged; the refrigerant temperature in the evaporator must be less than Tc and the refrigerant temperature in the condenser must be greater than Th to allow heat transferring (Figure 2).Figure 2a. Vapor-compression refrigeration cycle: T-S diagram Source: Refrig. Lab of Queen’s University,2007, p.9Figure 2b. Vapor-compression refrigeration cycle: ln(p)-h diagram Source:Rademacher,2005, p.70As fluids pass through evaporator and condenser, which are two heat exchangers that exchange heat between refrigerantand surrounding fluids. The rate of heat transfer from refrigerant to the surrounding fluid in condenser and the rate ofheat transfer from surrounding fluid to the refrigerant in evaporator can be expressedby ˙Q:Q=m*Δh=UAΘLMT ②Here ˙m is the mass flow rate of refrigerant, Δ h is the enthalpy change of refrigerant, U is termed the overall heat transfer coefficient, A is the area of the surface separating the fluids through which the heat transfer occurs and ΘLMT is the mean differences between the temperatures of the two fluids. The classic parameter that has been used to describe the performance of a heat pump is the coefficient of performance(COP), which is the ratio of the quantity of heat transferred to the heat sink (useful energy output) to the quantity of work driving the compressor (total energy input)(Reynolds 1977, pp. 287-289).COP =Qc/W=Qc/（Qc –Qe）=1/（1-Qe / Qc）③3. Air Source Heat PumpsAir Source Heat Pumps are the most widely used heat pump nowadays, ambient air is free and widely available, and it is the most common heat source for heat pumps.In an air-to-air heat pump system, heat is removed from indoor air and rejected to the outside of a building during the cooling cycle, while the reverse happens during the heating cycle (Figure 3).Figure 3. ASHP - Split systemSource: EERE(Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy),2008aFor application, ASHP is typically roof top units either completely packaged or split packaged systems. Split package heat pumps are designed with an air handling unit located inside the conditioned space while the condenser and compressor are packaged for outdoor installation on the roof. Packaged systems usually have both coils and the fan outdoors. Heated or cooled air is delivered to the interior from ductwork that protrudes through a wall or roof (EERE,2008).In reality, the capacity and performance of air-source heat pumps decrease rapidly with decreasing ambient temperature during heating season, and with increasingambient temperature during cooling season. Especially over extended periods of sub-freezing temperatures, as the air source temperature drops below 4o C there is potential for the evaporators to suffer performance degradation due to ice formation(Lu Aye,2003).Nonetheless, compared with conventional heating methods, an ASHP has following benefits:-Typically draws approximately 1/3 to 1/4 of the electricity of a standard electrical heating for the same amount of heating, reducing utility bills and greenhouse gas emissions accordingly (HyperPhysics 2005).-Typical COP of an ASHP is about 200%-400% compares to 100% for a resistance heater and 70-95% for a fuel-powered boiler (HyperPhysics 2005).-As an electric system, no flammable or potentially asphyxiating fuel is used at the point of heating, reducing the potential danger to users, and removing the need to obtain gas or fuel supplies except for electricity (HyperPhysics 2005).4.Ground Source Heat PumpsLike any heat pumps, ground source heat pumps are able to heat, cool the house. Although public awareness of this beneficial technology is low, GSHPs in fact have been in commercial use for over 50 years. The first successful demonstration of GHPs occurred back in 1946, at the Commonwealth Building in Portland, Oregon(Stuebi 2000).4.1 Components of GSHP Systems-The Earth Connection:The earth connection transfers heat into or out of the ground or water body. It often takes the form of an outdoor heat exchanger. This is a coil or pipe carrying water, an antifreeze mixture, or another heat transfer fluid. It may be buried in the ground, in which case it is called a ground-coupled system, or submerged in a lake or pond, in which case it is called a surface water system(NRC(Natural Resources Canada),2008).-A Heat Pump:This is the heart of a GSHP Systems, they operates according to the same principle as conventional heat pumps. All the components of the heat pump are typically housed in a single enclosure which includes the earth connection-to-refrigerant heat exchanger, the compressor, controls, the fan, an air filter, an air handler, andrefrigerant-to-air heat exchanger(NRC,2008).-The Interior Heating or Cooling Distribution System:The distribution system is needed for distributing heating and cooling inside the building. GSHP systems typically use conventional ductwork to distribute hot or cold air and to provide humidity control(NRC,2008).4.2 Types of Ground Source Heat Pump SystemsThere are different ways to categorize GSHPs. Depending on the When it uses earth as heat source/sink, the earth connection could be either horizontal or vertical, and they are both closed-loop. When it uses water as heat source/sink, it could be closed-loop or open-loop (Fig 4).-Horizontal (Closed-Loop)This type of installation is generally most cost-effective for residential installations, particularly for new construction where sufficient land is available(EERE,2008b). It requires trenches at least four feet deep(EERE,2008b).-Vertical (Closed-Loop)Vertical systems are used when land area required for horizontal loops would be prohibitive or the soil is too rocky for trenching, they are widely used for large buildings(NRC,2008). Although it requires less surface area, it requires much deeper trenches than horizontal loops(NRC,2008).-Pond/Lake (Closed-Loop)A closed pond loop is not as common, it uses water as heat source/sink(NRC,2008). If the site has an adequate water body, this may be the lowest cost option (EERE,2008b).-Open-Loop System (Open-Loop)An open loop system pulls water directly from a well, lake, or pond. Water is pumped from one of these sources into the heat pump, where heat is either extracted or added and the water is then pumped back into the ground or source body of water(SEW(Shanky Engineering Works),2008). This type was the first to appear on the market, is the simplest to install, and has been used successfully for decades(NRC,2008). However, environmental regulations and insufficient water availability may limit its use in some areas(NRC,2008).Figure 4. Types of Ground Source Heat Pump SystemsSource: EERE 2008bparisons5.1 EfficiencyFrom equation ②,Qe/Qc =（Ue Ae ΘLMTe）/（c Ac ΘLMTc）For simplification, ΘLMT can be substituted by (ΔTin+ΔTout)/2, where ΔTin is the inlet temperature difference and ΔTout is the outlet temperature difference (Figure 5 and Figure 6).Figure 5. Heat exchange in Condenser Figure 6. Heat exchange inEvaporatorAssuming that refrigerant temperature in condenser and evaporator are constant, the inlet fluid temperature in evaporator is Tc and that in condenser is Th.Qe/Qc = UeAe(ΔTein+ΔTeout)/UcAc(ΔTcin+ΔTcout)= Ue Ae (Tc-Tre+Teout-Tre)/Uc Ac(Trc-Th+Trc-Tcout )= K(Tc-Tre+Teout-Tre)/(Trc-Th+Trc-Tcout ) ④Where Tc is the temperature in cold region(heat source), Th is the temperature of warm region (heat sink); Tre is the refrigerant temperature in evaporator, Trc is the refrigerant temperature in condenser; Teout is the fluid outlet temperature in evaporator and Tcout is the fluid outlet temperature in condenser; K is a constant, equals Ue Ae / Uc Ac.To compare between ASHP and GSHP in winter, it is assumed that except Tc, all other parameters are the same for the ASHP and the GSHP.GSHP has higher Tc than ASHP because ground has dampening effect on temperature variation (see Appendix 1), then by using equation ④, we can see that Qe/Qc of GSHP is higher than that of ASHP. Also by equation ③, we see that COP is directly proportional to Qe/Qc, thus, GSHP has higher efficiency than ASHP. Furthermore, in the vertical configuration of GSHP, the heat exchanger is buried deeper in the ground, where, as we can see, temperature is more stable year-round. In contrast, the heat exchanger of the horizontal configuration is near the surface ground and is therefore influenced by atmospheric temperature. As a result, the vertical exchanger permits the heat pump to operate most efficiently.5.2 Design Criteria- Pre-construction study (feasibility study)ASHPs do not incur any civil ground works for the installation and lying of pipe. GSHPs need investigation of the soil or groundwater conditions and it is an important part of a feasibility study. For ground coupled systems, soil conditions will influence not only the feasibility of drilling and trenching, but also the performance of the earth connection. Similarly, ground water availability, and regulations concerning its use, will determine the feasibility of a groundwater earth connection.But for GSHPs, building designers have much greater flexibility. Architects are not faced with the prospect of unattractive HV AC equipment on rooftops, and can consequently employ a wider variety of roof types (such as sloped roofs)(Stuebi 2000).- Construction Difficulty IndexFor ASHPs, it is very simple to install but for GSHPs, since earth connections in a GSHP system are usually very difficult to reach after installation, the materials and workmanship must be of the highest quality, which in some cases, may block the application of GSHPs.5.3 Cost- Installation costASHPs has a much lower installation cost than GSHPs (see Appendix 2).And cost for different GSHP types also varies (see Appendix 2).- Operation CostDue to high efficiency and high heating/cooling capacity of GSHP, GSHPs can save owners’ operational cost by reducing energy cost significantly (see Ap pendix 3).- Maintenance CostGSHPs have a stable geology environment, not affected by such climate disasters like snows, hailstorm, Typhoon etc, while ASHPs are vulnerable to the external environment and thus require more maintenance cost.- Life Cycle CostOverall, GSHPs has a much lower LCC than ASHPs (see Appendix 4).5.4 EnvironmentEnvironmentally, GSHP represent a superior alternative in many aspects. Lower refrigerant charges and reduced leakage when compared to air-source systems are two advantages they share over these systems(Phetteplace 2007). And since they use less energy, they produce less CO2, SO2, NOx emissions indirectly (see Appendix 4). But GSHPs can cause land disturbance when ground-coupled system is implemented and water contamination problems if water source/sink is used.5.5 ReliabilityThe expected lifespan of an ASHP is 15 years(EERE (2001) p.3). Dr. Gordon Bloomquist of Washington State University observes that GSHP installations dating back from the mid-1950’s “are still providing a high level of service to building owners”, and suggests that “system reliability of 25-30 years is easily attainable if routine maintenance procedures are followed”(Stuebi 2000).In conclusion, the comparison between ASHPs and different types of GSHPs are listed below:Table 1. Comparison between ASHPs and different types of GSHPsNote: The more √ means more efficient, more feasible, more difficult, higher cost, longer durability, more restrictions, more beautiful, quieter, more comfortable, and much safer.6. ConclusionsThrough the detailed comparisons between GSHP and ASHP, we can see that GSHP has several advantages over ASHP from following aspects: higher efficiency; lower life cycle cost; lower impact on environment; better reliability and other practical convenience.GSHP is recommended to be considered a priority choice under new construction, especially for large buildings where the upfront cost is not a pressure to the owners and good qualified construction team is available; the local climate indicating large seasonal variation in temperature; with feasible soil or water condition. Nonetheless, ASHP are suited if customer’s criteria for cost-effectiveness is depending on short payback periods; the local climate is mild; or there is difficulties in earth connection.Last but not least, no matter air source or ground source heat pump, they are far more efficient, environmental friendly than conventional heating/cooling systems. Andunder the current trends, with a global focus on climate change and energy resourcesdepletion, heat pumps are one of the most potential green technologies. Source (Stuebi 2000)11。
推广新能源汽车发展英语作文
推广新能源汽车发展英语作文英文回答：The promotion of new energy vehicles (NEVs) is a global trend driven by the urgent need to address environmental challenges and reduce greenhouse gas emissions. NEVs offer a number of advantages over conventional fossil fuel-powered vehicles, including reduced air pollution, improved energy efficiency, and lower operating costs.One of the key drivers of NEV adoption is the increasing availability of government incentives and policies. Many countries have implemented tax breaks, subsidies, and other financial incentives to encourage the purchase and use of NEVs. In addition, many cities have established preferential parking policies and charging infrastructure for NEVs.Another factor contributing to the growth of the NEV market is the rapid technological advancements in batterytechnology. The energy density and lifespan of batteries have improved significantly in recent years, making NEVs more practical and affordable for consumers. Additionally, the development of new battery chemistries is expected to further enhance the performance and cost-effectiveness of NEVs in the future.The promotion of NEVs also aligns with broader sustainability goals. By reducing air pollution and greenhouse gas emissions, NEVs contribute to a cleaner and healthier environment. Furthermore, the increased use of renewable energy sources for electricity generation can make NEVs even more sustainable.In conclusion, the promotion of new energy vehicles is essential for addressing environmental concerns, reducing greenhouse gas emissions, and advancing sustainable transportation. Continued government support, technological advancements, and consumer awareness are all crucial for accelerating the adoption of NEVs and achieving a cleaner and more sustainable future.中文回答：新能源汽车发展的推广。
Neff 90 厨具 CircoTherm 迷你烤箱说明书
N 90, Built-iN compact oveN, 60 x 45 cm,StaiNleSS Steel c27cS22H0BIncluded accessories1 x combination grid, 1 x universal panOptional accessoriesZ11AB15A0 Baking tray, non-stick ceramic coated, Z11AU15A0Universal pan, non-stick ceramic coated, Z11CR10X0 Baking androasting grid (standard), Z11GT10X3 Glass roasting dish, 5,4l,Z11GU20X0 Glasspan, Z11SZ00X0 SeamlessCombinationmounting kit, Z11SZ60X0 SeamlessCombination 45 + 14cm,Z11SZ90X0 SeamlessCombination 60 + 45cm, Z11TC14X0ComfortFlex Rail (1level) & racks, 45cm, Z12CB10A0 Baking tray,enamelled, Z12CM10A0 Moussaka pan, enamelled, Z12CP10A0Pizza pan, enamelled, Z12CQ10A0 Grill tray, anthracite enamelled,Z12CU10A0 Multipurpose pan, anthracite enamelled, Z13CR10X0Baking and roasting grid (steam), Z13CV05S0 Cover Strip,Z13CV06S0 Decor strip, Z1913X0 Baking Stone, Z19DD10X0Steam set for ovensCompact built-in oven with CircoTherm® - Neff's award-winning hot air system√ CircoTherm® – Smart hot-air solution that lets you bake on up to four levels.√ Dual cleaning options: Pyrolytic cleaning programmes - just let the oven interior clean itself. EasyClean - the quick and easy option for day to day maintenance.√ Shift Control - fast navigation through menus and simple operation with the TFT display.√ Home Connect – Unleash your creativity via app.√ Baking and Roasting Assistant - your helper in the kitchen for ideal cooking times, temperatures, and modes for many dishes at your fingertipsFeaturesTechnical DataConstruction type: ..............................................................Built-in Integrated Cleaning system: ............................Pyrolytic+Hydrolytic Min. required niche size for installation (HxWxD): ..........450-455 x 560-568 x 550 mmDimensions: ...................................................455 x 596 x 548 mm Dimensions of the packed product (HxWxD): .520 x 690 x 650 mm Control Panel Material: ..........................................................Glass Door Material: .......................................................................Glass Net weight: ........................................................................31.2 kg Usable volume of cavity: ...........................................................47 l Cooking method: CircoTherm®, Defrost, Bread Baking Setting, Full width grill, Dough proving setting, Hot Air-Eco, Half width grill,Conventional heat, Conventional heat ECO, Pizza setting, low temperature cooking, Bottom heat, Hot air grillingOven control: .................................................................electronic Number of interior lights: .............................................................1Length of electrical supply cord: ......................................150.0 cm EAN code: ............................................................4242004236511Number of cavities (2010/30/EC): ...............................................1Energy efficiency rating: ............................................................A+Energy consumption per cycle conventional (2010/30/EC): 0.73kWh/cycleEnergy consumption per cycle forced air convection(2010/30/EC): ......................................................0.61 kWh/cycle Energy efficiency index (2010/30/EC): ................................81.3 %Connection rating: .............................................................2990 W Fuse protection: ......................................................................13 A Voltage: .........................................................................220-240 V Frequency: ......................................................................50; 60 Hz Plug type: ..........................................................................no plug (electrical connection by electrician)Included accessories: ..........1 x combination grid, 1 x universal panN 90,Built-iN compact oveN,60 x 45 cm,StaiNleSS Steelc27cS22H0B• Please refer to the dimensions provided in the installation manual Design• 4.1" TFT colour and graphics display with ShiftControl• Cavity inner surface: enamel anthracite• Drop down door, SoftClose, soft opening• Illuminated Shift Control• Bar handle• We recommend you to choose complementary products withinN90, in order to assure an optimal design combination of yourBuilt-In appliances.Features• HomeConnect ready on WLAN• Door lock during pyrolytic cleaning• Control panel lock Automatic safety switch off Residual heatindicator Start button Door contact switch• Temperature proposal• Actual temperature display Heating up indicator• Baking and roasting assistant• Interior halogen light, On/off button• Cooling fan• Electronic clock timer• 3 shelf positionsCleaning• Pyrolytic cleaning• EasyClean• Full glass inner doorProgrammes/functions• Compact oven with 13 main functions heating methods:CircoTherm®, CircoTherm® Gentle, Top/bottom heat, Conventionalheat Gentle, Circo-roasting, Full surface grill, Centre surface grill,CircoTherm® intensive, Bread baking, Bottom heat, Lowtemperature cooking, Defrost, Dough proving• Rapid heatAccessories• 1 x combination grid, 1 x universal panPerformance/technical information• Energy efficiency rating (acc. EU Nr. 65/2014): A+• Energy consumption per cycle in conventional mode:0.73 kWh• Energy consumption per cycle in fan-forced convection mode:0.61kWh• Number of cavities: Main cavity Heat source: electrical Cavityvolume:47 litre• Temperature range 40 °C - 200 °C• Power cord length 150 cm Cable length• Total connected load electric: 2.99 KW• Nominal voltage: 220 - 240 V• Appliance dimension (hxwxd): 455 mm x 596 mm x 548 mm• Niche dimension (hxwxd): 450 mm - 455 mm x 560 mm - 568 mm x550 mmN 90,Built-iN compact oveN,60 x 45 cm, StaiNleSS Steelc27cS22H0B。
环境保护常用英文词句
Chapter 1 ----环境保护一．汉英词语1．采取积极措施，尽力控制增长take positive measures and control the growth2．倡导能源独立promote energy independence3．单位GDP能耗energy consumption per unit of GDP4．氮氧化物nitric oxide5．低碳经济low carbon economy6．“地球第三极”the “Third pole of the Earth”7．地热geothermy8．地势高峻，地理特殊high altitude,unique geographical features9．典型森林生态系统typical forest ecosystems10. 独特的自然生态和地理环境unique natural ecology and geographical environment11. 多年的承诺期 a multi-year commitment period12. 二恶英dioxin13. 二氧化硫sulfur dioxide14. 发挥不可替代的作用play an irreplaceable role15. 防灾备灾prevent and get prepared for natural disasters16. 风电wind power17. 复杂多样的地形地貌the complex and varied terrains and landforms18. 改良草地improved grassland19. “共同但有区别的责任“原则the principle of “ common but differentiated responsibilities”20.《关于加快造林绿化步伐的意见》the :Opinions on Acceleration of Afforestation”21. 国际环境管理体系international environment governance system22. 国际责任与义务international responsibilities and obligations23. 国家环保总局the National Environmental Protection Agency ( NEPA)24. 和谐发展，清洁发展，可 a world of harmonious, clean and sustainable development持续发展的世界25. 化学需氧量chemical oxygen demand ( COD)26. 环保汽车clean cars27. 环保政策environmental policy28. 环境管理系统转型transform environmental management system29. 环境荷尔蒙environmental hormones30. 环境治理与可持续发展国际会议the Meeting on International Governance for SustainableDevelopment31. 环境主管部门environment agencies32. 荒漠化土地面积desertified land33. 恢复森林植被restore vegetation34. 加大资金和技术支持render more financial and technological support35. 减排指标emission reduction targets36. 建设资源节约型社会build a conservation-minded society37. “江河源“the “ source of rivers”38. 将环保列为基本国策take environmental protection as a basic national policy39. 节能减排energy conservation and emission reduction40. 节约能源conserve energy41. < 京都议定书》the Kyoto Protocol42. 可再生能源renewable energy43. < 空气清洁条例》Clean Air Act ( CAA)44. 跨界环境问题trans-boundary environmental concern45. 跨世纪绿色投资计划Trans-Century Green Investing Project46. 联合国环境管理小组the UN Environment Management Group (EMG)47. 联合国环境署United Nations Environment Program (UNEP)48. 联合国环境署基金the UN Environment Fund49. 联合国环境与发展大会the United Nations Conference on Environment and Development50. < 联合国气候变化框架公约》the United Nations Framework Convention on ClimateChange51. 硫氧化物sulfur oxide52. 绿色经济green economy53. 绿色走廊green belts54. 美国环境保护署US Environmental Protection Agency ( US EPA)55. 能源替代energy substitutes56. 能源效率energy efficiency57. 能源转换政策energy conversion policy58. 浓度concentration59. 排放限量emission limitations60. 排污权贸易emission trading61. 气候变化国际合作international cooperation in climate change62. 气候变化问题高级别会议high- level event on climate change63. “启动器“和“调节区”the ‘starter“and “ regulating area”64. 签订协议备忘录sign a memorandum of agreement65. 青藏高原Qinghai-Tibet Plateau66.清洁发展机制Clean Development Mechanism67.清洁能源clean energy68. 全球环境部长论坛the Global Ministerial Environment Forum (GMEF)69. 全球环境基金Global Environment Facility （GEF）70. 燃料排放量fossil fuel emissions71. 人工造林，封山育林building man-made forests and sealing off mountains areas tofacilitate afforestation72. 人均能源密度比per capita energy intensity ratio73. 人为温室气体anthropogenic greenhouse gases74. “生态源“the “ecological source”75. 生物能源bio-based energy76. 生物沼气biogas77. 石油勘探oil exploration78. “世界屋脊““ Roof of the World”79. 世界最大的排放国the world’s leading emitters80.酸雨acid-rain81. 碳补偿carbon offset82. 碳关税carbon tariff83. 碳排放税carbon taxes84. 碳吸收carbon sequestration85.提供有益，务实的建议come up with useful and practical recommendations86. 天然灌木植被natural bush vegetation87. 推广太阳能popularize solar energy88. 退耕还林，退牧还草return farmland to forests and animal breeding grounds to pastures89. 退化，沙化和碱化草地degradation, desertification and alkalinization of grassland90. 温室气体排放greenhouse gas emission91. 污染控制pollution control92. <西藏自治区造林绿化规划》the “Forestation Plan of the Tibet Autonomous Region”93. 限额采伐“felling by quota “policy94.野生动植物资源，水资源rich wildlife, water and mineral resources和矿产资源丰富95.宜林荒山荒地barren mountains and wasteland suitable for afforestation96. 引领全球应对的努力galvanize global efforts into addressing97. 应对气候变化国家方案the national program on addressing climate change98.原始森林primitive forest99. 灾害性天气事件disastrous weather events100. 增加碳浓度raise carbon concentration101. 植树造林afforestation efforts102. 主要瓶颈major bottleneck103. 自觉行动conscious action104. 自然保护区natural reserves105. 自然生态系统the ecosystem106. 总排放量Total Emission Control (TEC)107.总体污染物控制total emission control二．汉英常用表达句1.退耕地造林。
发展新能源汽车优缺点英语作文
发展新能源汽车优缺点英语作文English response:The development of new energy vehicles (NEVs) has become a global trend in response to the challenges of climate change and the depletion of fossil fuels. NEVs offer numerous advantages and disadvantages, which must be carefully considered before widespread adoption.Advantages:Environmental benefits: NEVs produce zero tailpipe emissions, significantly reducing air pollution and greenhouse gas emissions. This contributes to improved public health and a cleaner environment.Energy efficiency: NEVs are significantly more energy-efficient than conventional internal combustion engine vehicles. This leads to lower fuel costs and reduced reliance on imported fossil fuels.Renewable energy sources: NEVs can be powered by renewable energy sources, such as solar and wind energy, making them sustainable and independent from fossil fuels.Government incentives: Governments worldwide are offering incentives, such as tax breaks and subsidies, to promote the adoption of NEVs. These incentives can make NEVs more affordable and accessible to consumers.Disadvantages:High upfront cost: NEVs typically have a higher upfront cost than comparable conventional vehicles. This can be a barrier to entry for some consumers.Limited driving range: The driving range of NEVs can be limited, especially for electric vehicles. This can be a concern for drivers who need to travel long distances.Charging infrastructure: The availability of charging infrastructure for NEVs is still limited in many areas.This can make it inconvenient for drivers to charge their vehicles.Battery life and replacement cost: EV batteries have a limited lifespan, and replacing them can be expensive. This can add to the overall cost of owning an NEV over time.Conclusion:The development of NEVs offers both advantages and disadvantages. While NEVs have the potential to reduce environmental pollution, improve energy efficiency, and promote sustainable transportation, the high upfront cost, limited driving range, charging infrastructure challenges, and battery replacement costs may hinder their widespread adoption. Careful consideration of these factors is essential before NEVs can become a mainstreamtransportation solution.中文回答：新能源汽车发展的优缺点。
能源消费等量或减量替代 文件
能源消费等量或减量替代文件English Answer:Energy Consumption.Energy consumption refers to the amount of energy used by various sectors of an economy or society over a specific period. It encompasses all forms of energy, including electricity, fossil fuels (such as oil, gas, and coal), and renewable sources (such as solar and wind power).Factors Influencing Energy Consumption.Numerous factors influence energy consumption, including:Economic activity: Growing economies typically consume more energy to power industries and support economic development.Population growth: An increasing population leads to higher energy demand for residential, commercial, and transportation purposes.Technological advancements: Technological innovations can drive up energy consumption by increasing the availability and affordability of energy-intensive devices and appliances.Energy efficiency: Energy-efficient practices, such as energy-efficient appliances and insulation, can reduce energy consumption.Government policies: Government policies, such as subsidies for renewable energy or carbon taxes, can influence energy consumption patterns.Energy Consumption Trends.Global energy consumption has been rising steadily over the past few decades, primarily driven by economic growth and population expansion. Fossil fuels continue to dominatethe global energy mix, accounting for around 80%. However, renewable energy sources are gaining momentum as concerns about climate change intensify.Energy Conservation and Efficiency.Energy conservation and efficiency measures aim to reduce energy consumption without compromising essential services or economic growth. These measures include:Energy-efficient appliances and lighting: Switching to energy-efficient alternatives can significantly reduce energy consumption.Improved insulation: Insulating homes and buildings reduces energy loss and lowers heating and cooling costs.Energy-efficient transportation: Promoting public transportation, walking, cycling, and electric vehicles can reduce energy consumption in the transport sector.Smart energy management: Utilizing smart technologiesto optimize energy usage and reduce waste.Energy Alternatives and Substitution.Energy alternatives and substitution involve replacing conventional energy sources with more sustainable and environmentally friendly options. These alternatives include:Renewable energy: Sources like solar, wind, hydroelectric, and geothermal power provide clean and renewable energy.Nuclear energy: Nuclear power plants generate electricity with minimal greenhouse gas emissions.Hydrogen fuel: Hydrogen fuel cells can power vehicles and appliances without emitting air pollutants.Challenges and Opportunities.The transition to alternative energy sources and energyefficiency practices faces several challenges:High costs: Implementing energy-efficient technologies and renewable energy systems can be expensive.Intermittency: Renewable energy sources like solar and wind are intermittent, requiring reliable backup systems.Political and regulatory barriers: Government policies and regulations can hinder the deployment of alternative energy technologies.Despite these challenges, there are significant opportunities to reduce energy consumption and transition to cleaner energy sources. By embracing technological advancements, implementing energy efficiency measures, and promoting sustainable practices, we can create a more sustainable and environmentally friendly energy future.Chinese Answer:能源消耗。
现代多功能冰箱作文英语
现代多功能冰箱作文英语Title: The Modern Multifunctional Refrigerator: Revolutionizing Convenience。
Introduction:In today's fast-paced world, technological advancements continue to reshape our daily lives, and the modern multifunctional refrigerator stands as a testament to innovation in the realm of kitchen appliances. With its array of features and capabilities, this appliance has transformed the way we store, preserve, and access food. In this essay, we delve into the multifaceted nature of the modern refrigerator and its profound impact on modern living.Enhanced Preservation and Storage:One of the primary virtues of the modernmultifunctional refrigerator lies in its ability to enhancefood preservation and storage. Advanced cooling technologies such as frost-free systems and precise temperature control mechanisms ensure that perishable items remain fresh for extended periods. Moreover, the inclusion of specialized compartments for fruits, vegetables, meats, and dairy products optimizes storage conditions, prolonging the shelf life of various food items.Convenience and Accessibility:Beyond mere preservation, the modern refrigerator prioritizes convenience and accessibility. Innovative features such as adjustable shelves, pull-out drawers, and door-in-door designs facilitate organized storage and easy retrieval of items. Additionally, the integration of smart technology allows users to remotely monitor and managetheir refrigerator's contents via smartphone applications, ensuring that grocery lists can be conveniently updated and necessary supplies replenished.Energy Efficiency and Sustainability:In alignment with growing environmental consciousness, modern refrigerators are engineered for energy efficiency and sustainability. Energy-saving features such as LED lighting and inverter compressors reduce power consumption without compromising performance. Furthermore, some models incorporate eco-friendly refrigerants and materials, minimizing their carbon footprint and contributing to sustainable living practices.Multifunctionality and Versatility:The hallmark of the modern refrigerator lies in its multifunctionality and versatility. Beyond conventional cooling, these appliances often incorporate additional functionalities to cater to diverse consumer needs. From built-in water and ice dispensers to convertible compartments that can switch between refrigeration and freezing modes, the modern refrigerator adapts to evolving lifestyle demands, offering unparalleled flexibility in food storage and preparation.Integration with Smart Home Ecosystems:In the era of smart homes, the modern refrigerator serves as a central component of interconnected ecosystems. Through integration with voice assistants and home automation platforms, users can seamlessly coordinate their refrigerator's operations with other smart devices, fostering a cohesive and efficient living environment. Whether it's adjusting temperature settings, creating automated shopping lists, or receiving expiration alerts, the smart refrigerator enhances overall household management and convenience.Conclusion:In conclusion, the modern multifunctional refrigerator represents a pinnacle of technological innovation in the realm of kitchen appliances. Its ability to enhance food preservation, provide convenience and accessibility, promote energy efficiency and sustainability, offer multifunctionality and versatility, and integrate with smart home ecosystems underscores its indispensable role in modern living. As we continue to embrace the advancementsof the digital age, the refrigerator stands as a testament to our relentless pursuit of convenience, efficiency, and sustainability in everyday life.。
新能源发展心得体会范文
新能源发展心得体会范文英文回答：The rapid development of new energy has brought about profound changes in the global energy landscape and has become an important driving force for sustainable economic and social development. New energy, represented by solar energy, wind energy, hydro energy, biomass energy, and geothermal energy, has the characteristics of low carbon, environmental protection, and sustainability, breaking the traditional energy consumption mode dominated by fossil energy and promoting the transformation towards a clean, low-carbon, and sustainable energy system.In terms of energy supply, new energy has gradually become an important supplement to conventional energy sources. With the advancement of technology and the decline in costs, the utilization efficiency of new energy has been continuously improved, and its competitiveness in the market has also been continuously enhanced. In 2021, theglobal installed capacity of new energy power generation exceeded 2,900GW, accounting for about 29% of the total installed capacity of power generation. Among them, solar energy and wind energy have become the fastest-growing renewable energy sources, and their installed capacity has increased significantly.In terms of energy consumption, new energy is also playing an increasingly important role. With the popularization of electric vehicles, the demand for electricity is increasing rapidly, and new energy power generation can effectively alleviate the pressure on the power grid. In addition, the application of new energy in heating, cooling, and transportation is also expanding, reducing the consumption of traditional fossil energy and improving energy efficiency.The development of new energy has also brought about positive economic and social benefits. The development of new energy industry has created a large number of jobs and promoted the development of related industries. The application of new energy has reduced energy costs andimproved people's quality of life. In addition, the development of new energy has also promoted technological progress and international cooperation, and has made an important contribution to the realization of sustainable development goals.However, there are still some challenges in the development of new energy. The intermittency andfluctuation of new energy power generation pose challengesto the stability of the power grid. The high cost of some new energy technologies and the lack of supporting infrastructure also hinder the large-scale application of new energy.In order to promote the sound development of new energy, it is necessary to take multiple measures:1. Strengthen scientific research and technological innovation. Increase investment in scientific research and development of new energy technologies, focus on breakthroughs in key core technologies, and continuously reduce the cost of new energy.2. Improve the market mechanism. Establish a sound market mechanism for new energy, improve the pricing mechanism, and provide incentives for the development and utilization of new energy.3. Strengthen infrastructure construction. Strengthen the construction of power grid infrastructure to adapt to the needs of large-scale access of new energy. In addition, it is necessary to strengthen the construction of charging infrastructure for electric vehicles and hydrogen refueling stations.4. Promote international cooperation. Strengthen international cooperation in the field of new energy, share technological achievements, and jointly address challenges.中文回答：新能源的迅猛发展，深刻改变了全球能源格局，成为可持续经济社会发展的重要动力。
Series 6双炉微波炉说明书
Series 6, Built-in double ovenMBA5785S0BOptional accessoriesHEZ317000 Pizza pan, enamelled, HEZ327000 Pizza stone,HEZ531000 Baking tray, enamelled, HEZ531010 Baking tray,non-stick ceramic coated, HEZ532000 Multipurpose pan, enamelled, HEZ532010 Universal pan, non-stick ceramic coated, HEZ5380001fold telescopic rail, level independent, HEZ538200 D level telescopic shelf rails, HEZ538S00 3fold telescop rails, incl 1 level indep, HEZ634000 Baking and roasting grid (standard), HEZ638200 2 level telescopic shelf rails, full ext, HEZ638300 3 level telescopic rails, full ext, HEZ664000 Baking and roasting grid (steam),HEZ915003 Glass roasting dish, 5,4 L, HZ638000 Full ext rails, level independent • Meatprobe: measures the optimal core temperature of the roast.• 3D Hotair: even heat distribution for perfect results on up to three levels.• AutoPilot 30: Perfectly cooks dishes thanks to 30 pre-set automatic programmes.• Pop-out controls: Make the front of the oven easy to clean and give it a sleek look.• Fast pre heatingTechnical DataInstallation type: ......................................................................Built-in Dimensions: ........................................................888 x 594 x 550 mm Dimensions of the packed product (HxWxD): .....940 x 660 x 690 mm Control Panel Material: ................................................Stainless steel Door Material: ............................................................................Glass Net weight: ..............................................................................41.4 kg Usable volume of cavity: ...............................................................71 l Cooking method: .......Defrost, Full width grill, Hotair gentle, Hot Air, Conventional heat, Pizza setting, low temperature cooking, Bottom heat, Hot air grilling, warmingOven control: ......................................................................electronic Number of interior lights: .. (1)EAN code: (4242005057634)Energy efficiency rating: ....................................................................A Energy consumption per cycle conventional (2010/30/EC): .......1.02 kWh/cycleEnergy consumption per cycle forced air convection (2010/30/EC):0.81 kWh/cycleEnergy efficiency class (2010/30/EC) - cavity 2: ...............................B Energy consumption per cycle conventional - cavity 2 (2010/30/EC):0.83 kWh/cycleEnergy efficiency index (2010/30/EC): .....................................95.3 % Energy efficiency index cavity 2 (2010/30/EC): ......................120.3 % Connection rating: ..................................................................6300 W Fuse protection: ...........................................................................32 A Voltage: ...............................................................................220-240 V Frequency: .................................................................................50 Hz Plug type: ..........no plug (electrical connection by electrician), fixed connectionIncluded accessories: .............3 x combination grid, 1 x universal panSeries 6, Built-in double ovenMBA5785S0BDesign- LCD-display control (white)- Rotary dial, Retractable control dials, round- Straight bar handleFeatures- Digital temperature display with proposal- Heating-up indicator AutoPilot Automatic start Temperature probe - Electronic door lock- Control panel lock Automatic safety switch off Residual heat indicator- Electronic clock timer- Cavity volume: 71 litre capacity- AutoPilot, 30- Single-point meat probe- Pyrolytic self-cleaning function- 5 shelf positions- Temperature range 30 °C - 275 °C- Fast pre-heating functionAccessories- 1 x universal pan, 3 x combination grid- 1 set of level independent telescopic rails, Stop function Performance/technical information- Total connected load electric: 6.3 KW- Nominal voltage: 220 - 240 V- Appliance dimension (hxwxd): 888 mm x 594 mm x 550 mm- Niche dimension (hxwxd): 875 mm - 888 mm x 560 mm - 568 mm x 550 mm- Please refer to the dimensions provided in the installation manualSeries 6, Built-in double oven MBA5785S0B。
节约能源绿色生活英语简单作文
节约能源绿色生活英语简单作文Energy Conservation: Embracing a Sustainable Lifestyle.In an era marked by environmental degradation and dwindling natural resources, energy conservation has emerged as an imperative for the preservation of our planet and the well-being of future generations. Embracing a sustainable lifestyle that prioritizes energy efficiency not only reduces our carbon footprint but also offers numerous economic, environmental, and health benefits.Economic Advantages:Energy conservation can significantly reduce household expenses by minimizing energy consumption. Simple measures such as switching off lights when leaving a room, unplugging electronics when not in use, and using energy-efficient appliances can lead to substantial savings on energy bills. Moreover, investments in energy-efficient upgrades, such as installing solar panels or upgradingwindows, can yield long-term cost savings while increasing the value of a home.Environmental Benefits:Energy consumption is a major contributor to greenhouse gas emissions, which trap heat in the atmosphere and contribute to climate change. By reducing our energy needs, we can mitigate our impact on the environment and help preserve biodiversity. Energy conservation also reduces air and water pollution from fossil fuel combustion, improving air quality and protecting aquatic ecosystems.Health Benefits:Energy conservation promotes healthier living environments. Energy-efficient homes are typically better insulated and have improved air ventilation, reducing exposure to indoor pollutants such as Radon and mold. Reduced reliance on fossil fuels also decreases outdoor air pollution, which can contribute to respiratory problems and other health issues.Practical Steps for Energy Conservation:1. Lighting: Use energy-efficient LED or CFL bulbs, turn off lights when not needed, and consider natural lighting through windows.2. Appliances: Choose Energy Star-rated appliances that meet energy efficiency standards. Unplug devices when notin use to prevent standby power consumption.3. Heating and Cooling: Optimize home insulation to reduce heat loss and gain. Use programmable thermostats to regulate temperature when away or asleep. Consider alternative heating systems such as geothermal heat pumps.4. Transportation: Walk, cycle, or use public transportation for short distances whenever possible. Consider fuel-efficient vehicles or electric cars for longer journeys.5. Water Heating: Install low-flow showerheads andfaucets. Consider a solar water heater to reduce relianceon conventional energy sources for water heating.Community Initiatives and Government Support:Energy conservation efforts are not limited toindividual actions. Communities can implement programs to promote energy efficiency, such as weatherizationassistance for low-income households, public transportation improvements, and incentives for renewable energy installations. Governments play a crucial role in encouraging energy conservation through regulatory measures, tax incentives, and research and development funding.Conclusion:Energy conservation is an essential pillar of sustainable living, offering a multitude of benefits for individuals, communities, and the planet. By adoptingenergy-efficient practices and embracing a greenerlifestyle, we can reduce our environmental impact, save money, and create a healthier and more sustainable futurefor ourselves and generations to come. Let us all strive to be mindful of our energy consumption and contribute to the collective effort to conserve this precious resource.。
空气煎炸技术应用于食品加工的研究进展
综合风味作出了突出贡献［14］（王奔［24］在对小黄
鱼空气煎炸工艺的研究中，发现小黄鱼在相同的
调料浸渍时间下,随着煎炸温度的升高，鱼肉会产
生特有的香味物质（醛类和酮类等）；但当温度继
续升高超过最佳煎炸温度时，鱼肉的风味会受到
很大的破坏,出现焦爛味,鱼肉原有风味逐渐消
失。CAO等［32］在空气煎炸鸡块中鉴定出74种挥
收稿日期:2021 -03 -05 !通信作者 基金项目：国家自然科学基金项目(82000791 )；茶树生物学与资源利用国家重点实验室开放基金项目(SKLTOF20200110) 作者简介：王 君，女，扬州大学旅游烹饪学院讲师，博士，主要从事食品营养与代谢研究，E-m/l：007232@yzu. ；
x 会产生杂环胺类化合物、多环芳 化合物、丙烯
酰胺和反式脂肪酸等有害物质［I］(近些年来，随
着消费者对于食品卫生与健康要求的日益增长, 健康美味的煎炸食品研究和开发一直是研究 热点［2_4］(
空气煎炸(Air frying)作为一种新型“无烟无 油”的煎炸方式应运而生［5］。相对于传统油炸而
言，空气煎炸更加健康、美观、安全和更易清洁，人 们对空气炸锅的接受程度与满意度较高［6］，有望
关键词：空气煎炸；营养成分;食W风味;感官W质；质构W质
中图分类号：TS 972. 2
文献标志码：A
文章编号：2095 - 8730(2021)02 -0049 -05
energy efficiency
energy efficiencyEnergy efficiency is the practice of using less energy to provide the same amount of useful output from a service (such as heating water, lighting, or cooling a fridge).For example, light emitting diode (LEDs) and pact fluorescent lights (CFLs) have revolutionized energy efficiency in lighting and use far less energy for the same amount of illumination as traditional incandescent bulbs.If you switch from an old style lightbulb to a fluorescent bulb you will be producing the same amount of light, but using less energy. That is energy efficiency.Another example would be using proper insulation material in a building so that less energy is required for heating and cooling.Simply put, if something uses less energy and to deliver the same performance as its traditional version, then it is energy efficient.Every year a lot of energy is wasted because of heat loss and inefficient technology. This leads to increased carbon pollution and costs consumers and businesses money.According to the US Department of Energy, energy efficiency is “one of the easiest and most costeffective ways to bat climate change, clean the air we breathe, improve the petitiveness of our businesses and reduce energy costs for consumers.”New technology is helping drive the mercialization of new products that are much more energy efficient pared to older alternatives. For example, modern energy-efficient refrigerators use around 40 percent less energy than conventional models did in 2001.It is important not to confuse energy efficiency with energy conservation. The main difference between the two is that energy efficiency doesn’t require an individual to change or alter their behavior and habits, while that is the whole basis of energy conservation (such as turning off appliances when they are no longer in use).Energy efficiency and renewable energy are considered to be the twin pillars of sustainable energy policy.The International Energy Age ncy’s “Energy Efficiency 2018” report found that efficiency gains would reduce energy bills for consumers by more than $500 billion dollars per year, lower energy imports and reduce air pollution. Air pollution includes the release of harmful particulates or substances into the atmosphere.“While various countries are endowed with different energy resources –whether it’s oil, gas, wind, solar or hydropower – every single country has energyefficiency potential,” said Dr Fatih Birol, theIEA’s Executive Di rector.“Efficiency can enable economic growth, reduce emissions and improve energy security. Our study shows that the right efficiency policies could alone enable the world to achieve more than 40% of the emissions cuts needed to reach its climate goals without requiring new technology. Thanks to the critical importance of energy efficiency in building a secure and sustainable future, the IEA considers it the‘first fuel’ and facilitates the exchange of best practices among advanced and emerging economies.”。
中国能源结构catti翻译
中国能源结构catti翻译China's energy structure refers to the composition and distribution of various energy sources that the country relies on for its economic development and daily life. It plays a crucial role in meeting the energy demand, promoting sustainable development, and addressing environmental challenges.中国能源结构是指中国在经济发展和日常生活中所依赖的各种能源来源的组成和分布。
它在满足能源需求、推动可持续发展和应对环境挑战方面起着至关重要的作用。
China's energy structure is characterized by a mix of conventional and renewable energy sources. The conventional energy sources include coal, oil, and natural gas, while the renewable energy sources mainly consist of hydropower, wind power, solar power, and biomass.中国的能源结构以传统能源和可再生能源的混合为特点。
传统能源包括煤炭、石油和天然气，而可再生能源主要包括水电、风能、太阳能和生物质能。
Coal is the dominant energy source in China's energy structure, accounting for a significant portion of the country'senergy consumption. However, efforts have been made to reduce coal consumption and promote cleaner energy alternatives due to concerns over air pollution and carbon emissions.煤炭是中国能源结构中占据主导地位的能源，占据了中国能源消费的相当大比例。
我的节能方法 英语作文
我的节能方法英语作文Title: Energy-Saving Methods: A Sustainable Lifestyle。
In today's world, the importance of energy conservation cannot be overstated. As individuals, we have a responsibility to minimize our energy consumption to mitigate climate change and preserve natural resources for future generations. Here are several effective energy-saving methods that everyone can incorporate into their daily lives:1. Switch to LED Lighting: Traditional incandescent bulbs consume a significant amount of energy and have a short lifespan. LED bulbs, on the other hand, are highly energy-efficient and can last for many years. By replacing incandescent bulbs with LED equivalents in our homes and workplaces, we can reduce energy consumption and lower electricity bills.2. Unplug Electronics When Not in Use: Many electronicdevices consume standby power even when turned off butstill plugged in. This phenomenon, known as standby power or vampire power, contributes to unnecessary energy waste. By unplugging chargers, appliances, and electronics when they are not in use, we can prevent standby power consumption and save energy.3. Invest in Energy-Efficient Appliances: When purchasing new appliances, opt for models with high energy efficiency ratings. Energy-efficient appliances consume less electricity or gas to perform the same tasks as their conventional counterparts. Look for appliances with ENERGY STAR certification, which indicates that they meet strict energy efficiency criteria set by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA).4. Use Programmable Thermostats: Heating and cooling account for a significant portion of household energy consumption. Programmable thermostats allow users to set specific temperature settings for different times of the day, optimizing energy usage based on occupancy patterns. By programming thermostats to lower temperatures duringwinter nights and raise them during summer days, we can reduce heating and cooling costs without sacrificing comfort.5. Improve Home Insulation: Proper insulation is essential for maintaining a comfortable indoor environment and reducing energy waste. Insulating walls, floors, and attics helps to prevent heat transfer between the interior and exterior of buildings, reducing the need for heating and cooling. Additionally, sealing gaps and cracks around doors, windows, and ducts can further enhance energy efficiency and indoor comfort.6. Utilize Renewable Energy Sources: Transitioning to renewable energy sources such as solar, wind, and hydroelectric power can significantly reduce our reliance on fossil fuels and decrease greenhouse gas emissions. Installing rooftop solar panels or participating in community solar programs allows individuals to generate clean energy on-site and contribute to a more sustainable energy future.7. Practice Energy-Efficient Habits: Simple changes in daily habits can also contribute to energy conservation. Turning off lights when leaving a room, using cold waterfor laundry, air-drying clothes instead of using a dryer, and limiting the use of heating and cooling systems whenever possible are all effective ways to save energy and reduce utility bills.8. Promote Energy Awareness and Education: Educating ourselves and others about the importance of energy conservation is key to fostering a culture of sustainability. By raising awareness about energy-saving practices and their environmental benefits, we can inspire individuals and communities to take action and make informed choices that prioritize energy efficiency.In conclusion, adopting energy-saving methods is essential for promoting sustainability and combating climate change. By incorporating these practices into our daily lives, we can reduce energy consumption, lowerutility costs, and contribute to a cleaner and greenerfuture for all. Let's embrace a more sustainable lifestyle and make a positive impact on the planet.。
节约能源的英语作文（通用10篇）
节约能源的英语作文（通用10篇）节约能源的英语作文（通用10篇）随着全球经济的高速发展，能源问题日益受到世界各国的关注。
我们是否意识到节约能源是我们每一个人的责任和义务呢？下面是小编帮大家整理的节约能源的英语作文，仅供参考，大家一起来看看吧。
节约能源的英语作文篇1Water used to be mistaken to be an unlimited and renewable resource. Actually, water resource is very limited and precious. It is fortunate that now the public is starting to pay attention. Just as is depicted in the picture, just like saving money, the lovely and smiling piggy bank is collecting every drop of water falling from the water tap.However, water shortage is still a serious problem threatening the existence and survival of the whole human being, and yet the phenomenon of wasting water can still easily be found anywhere in our daily life. For example, water taps are frequently left on by careless users. Someone even assumes that they have the right to waste water because they pay for it so that it has nothing to do with others. In fact, so precious is water that we cannot afford to waste it. Water resource is indispensable not only in our daily life but also in the industry and agriculture. And water is the wealth of the whole mankind, and it is hard to imagine what the world would be like when there is no more water.Even though an increasing number of people have become aware of this emergency, further measures still need to be taken. On the macro level, the whole world should make a joint effort to fight against waste of water. On the micro level, publicizing activities, such as broadcasting wonderful ways on how to savewater on TV and other media, should be conducted. To store water means to store happiness and only by saving water can we save a better life for our offspring.水被误认为是一种无限的可再生资源。
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2007年3月公布的财富杂志‘最受尊敬的公司’排名中，诺华名列制药行业前列
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殊荣仅有的两家公司之一
2006年，集团总销售额达370亿美元，净收入72亿美元，大约54亿美元研发投入。
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