Geotextile reinforced piled embankments

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岩石工程基本术语(英汉对照)

岩石工程基本术语标准GB/T-50279-98AAbsorbed water 吸着水Abutment 桥台Acoustic emission of rock 岩石声发射Acoustic prospecting 声学探测Active earth pressure 主动土压力Active fault 活断层Activity index 活动性指数Aging 老化allowable bearing capacity 容许承载力allowable settlement 容许沉降alluvial fan 冲积扇alluvial soil 冲积土alternating load 交变荷载anchoring, bolting 锚固ancher slab wall 锚定板墙additional stress, superim/posed stress 附加应力adverse geologic phenomena 不良地质现象aeolian deposit 风积土aeration zone water 包气带水aggregate for concrete 混凝土骨料anticline 背斜aquifer 含水层artesian pressure head承压水头artificial fill 人工填土attitude 产状average thickness method平均厚度法BBack analysis 反演分析Base course 道路基层Bearing capacity factor 承载力因数Bearing stratum 持力层Bedrock 基岩berm 反压平台(反压马道)Biotcon solidation theory 比奥固结理论Bishop’s simplified method of slices 毕肖普简化条分法Blasting 爆破block theory 块体理论body force 体积力borrow area 取土场boulder(stone block) 漂石(块石)Boussinesq theory 布辛涅斯克理论Bridge pier 桥墩Brittle failure 脆性破坏Bulk modulus 体积模量Buoyancy 浮托力buttress retaining wall 支墩式挡墙by/pass seepage 绕渗CCalifornia Bearing Ratio(CBR) 加州承载比Cantilever retaining wall 悬臂式挡墙Capillary water 毛细管水Categorization of geotechnical projects 岩土工程分级Cement stabilization 水泥加固Central load 中心荷载(轴心荷载)Cerruti’s solution 色卢铁解答channel, canal 渠道check dam 谷坊chemical grouting 化学灌浆coarse aggregate 粗骨料coarse/grained soil 粗粒土cobble 卵石(碎石)coefficient of collapsibility 湿陷系数coefficient of compressibility 压缩系数coefficient of consolidation 固结系数coefficient of curvature 曲率系数coefficient of deformation due to leaching 溶滤变形系数coefficient of permeability 渗透系数coefficient of secondary consolidation 次固结系数coefficient of self/weight collapsibility 自重湿陷系数coefficient of uniformity 不均匀系数coefficient of viscosity 粘滞系数coefficient of volume compressibility 体积压缩系数coefficient of weathering 风化系数cohesion 粘聚力cohesionless soil 无粘性土cohesive soil 粘性土collapsibility 湿陷性collapsibility test of loess 黄土湿陷试验collapsible soil 湿陷性土combined bolting and shot crete 喷锚支护compactibility 压实性compaction by rolling 碾压法compaction grouting method 挤密喷浆法compacting machinery 碾压机械compaction test 击实试验composite ground 复合地基composite slip surface 复合滑动面comprehensive engineering geological map 综合工程地质图compressibility 压缩性compression index 压缩指数compressive strength 抗压强度concentrated load 集中荷载(点荷载)concrete faced rock fill dam 混凝土面板堆石坝cone penetration test(CPT) 静力触探试验confined water 承压水consistency limit 稠度界限consolidated/drained triaxial test 固结排水三轴试验consolidated quick shear test 固结快剪试验consolidated/undrained triaxial test 固结不排水三轴试验consolidation 固结consolidation curve 固结曲线consolidation grouting 固结灌浆consolidation settlement 固结沉降consolidation test 固结试验constitutive relation of soil 土的本构关系(本构模型)constrained grain size 限制粒径constrained modulus 压缩模量contact pressure 基底压力(接触压力)contour map of groundwater 地下水等水位线图control of under groundwater 地下水控制core of rock 岩芯core recovery 岩芯采取率core wall 心墙corner/points method 角点法Coulomb/Navier strength theory 库仑/纳维强度理论Coulomb’s earth pressure theory 库仑土压力理论Counter fort retaining wall 扶壁式挡墙Crack growth 裂纹扩展Creep 蠕变Critical edge pressure 临塑荷载Critical height of slope (土坡)临界高度Critical hydraulic gradient 临界水力梯度Critical void ratio 临界孔隙比cross/hole method 跨孔法curtain grouting 帷幕灌浆cushion 垫层cutting 路堑cutoff wall 截水墙cyclic load周期荷载DDarcy’s law 达西定律Debris flow 泥石流Deep mixing method 深层搅拌法Deep soil stabilization 深层土加固Deep well method 深井法Degree of compaction 压实度Degree of consolidation 固结度Degree of saturation 饱和度Delayed elasticity 弹性后效Densification by explosion 爆炸加密法Densification by sand pile 挤密砂桩Density 密度Depletion coefficient 疏干系数Developing chart of exploratory drift 坑硐展示图Dewatering method 降水法Differential settlement 沉降差dike, levee 堤dilatancy 剪胀性dilatancy of rock 岩石扩容diluvial fan 洪积扇diluvial soil 洪积土direct shear test 直剪试验disaster geology 灾害地质学dislocation 位错dispersion coefficient 弥散系数dispersive clay 分散性粘土disturbed soil sample 扰动土样diversion tunnel 导流洞down/hole method 下孔法drainage method 排水法dynamic consolidation 强夯法dynamic load 动荷载dynamic penetration test 动力触探试验dynamic simple shear test 动单剪试验dynamic triaxial test 动三轴试验EEarth dam 土坝Earth material 土料Earth pressure at rest 静止土压力Earthquake engineering 地震工程学Earthquake subsidence 震陷earth/rock dam 土石坝earthwork 土石方工程eccentric load 偏心荷载effective grain size 有效粒径effective porosity 有效孔隙率effective stress 有效应力effective stress analysis 有效应力分析elastic strain 弹性应变electrical prospecting 电法勘探electro/osmosis 电渗法embankment 路堤engineering geologic columnar profile 工程地质柱状图engineering geologic exploration 工程地质勘探engineering geologic drilling 工程地质钻探engineering geologic evaluation 工程地质评价engineering geologic map 工程地质图engineering geologic mapping 工程地质测绘engineering geologic profile 工程地质剖面图engineering geology 工程地质学environmental geotechnics 环境岩土工程equipotential line 等势线equivalent opening size (EOS) 等效孔径excavating machinery 挖掘机械excavation 挖方excess pore water pressure 超静水压力expanded polystyrene (EPS) 聚苯乙烯发泡材料expansive soil 膨胀土FFabric sheet reinforced earth 铺网法Factor of safety 安全系数Failure strength 破坏强度Fall of ground 冒顶Fatigue strength 疲劳强度Fault 断层Field identification of soil 土的现场鉴别Field observation 现场观测Fill 填方Filter 反滤层Final settlement 最终沉降Fine aggregate 细骨料fine/grained soil 细粒土fissured clay 裂隙粘土fissure water 裂隙水flat jack technique 扁千斤顶法flow line 流线flow net 流网fold 褶皱fraction 粒组fracture mechanics 断裂力学fracture zone 断裂破碎带free face 临空面frees welling ratio 自由膨胀率free water 自由水freezing method 冻结法french drain 盲沟fresh rock 新鲜岩石friction/resistance ratio 摩阻比frost heave 冻胀frost/heave capacity 冻胀量frost heaving pressure 冻胀力frozen soil 冻土Ggap/graded soil 不连续级配土general shear failure 整体剪切破坏geo composite 土工复合材料geo drain, prefabricated strip drain 塑性排水带法geo fabriform 土工模袋geogrid 土工格栅geologic environment 地质环境geologic environment element 地质环境要素geologic structure 地质构造geo mechanical model test 地质力学模型试验geomembrane 土工膜geomorphology 地貌geophysical exploration 地球物理勘探geostatic stress 自重应力geosynthetics 土工合成材料geotechnical centrifugal model test 土工离心模型试验geotechnical engineering 岩土工程geotechnical engineering investigation 岩土工程勘察geotextiles 土工织物gradation 级配grain size 粒径grain size distribution curve 粒径分布曲线gravelly soil 砾类土gravitational water 重力水gravity retaining wall 重力式挡墙Griffith’s strength criterion 格里菲斯强度准则Ground fracturing 地裂Ground treatment 地基处理Groundwater 地下水Groundwater dynamics 地下水动力学Groundwater hardness 地下水硬度Groundwater monitoring 地下水监测Groundwater pollution 地下水污染Groundwater recharge 地下水补给量Groundwater regime 地下水动态Groundwater storage 地下水贮存量groin, spur dike 丁坝grouting 灌浆grouting test 灌浆试验guide adit 导洞HHardness degree of rock 岩石坚硬程度Heaving of the bottom 基坑底隆胀Hydraulic fill 水力冲填Hydraulic fracturing technique 水力劈裂法Hydraulic gradient 水力梯度Hydraulic tunnel 水工隧道Hydrogeological drilling 水文地质钻探Hydrogeological investigation 水文地质勘察Hydrogeology 水文地质学Hydrostatic pressure 静水压力IImmediate settlement 初始沉降(瞬时沉降) Impervious blanket 防渗铺盖Impervious layer 不透水层(隔水层)Inclined shaft 斜井Influence chart 感应图infra/red detection 红外探测initial collapse pressure 湿陷起始压力in/situ direct shear test of rock 岩石原位直接剪切试验in/situ test 原位试验intactness index of rock mass 岩石完整性指数(岩体速度指数)intact rock 完整岩石internal friction angle 内摩擦角interstrated water 层间水investigation stage 勘察阶段isochrone 等时孔压线isoline method等值线法JJet grouting method 高压喷射注浆法Joint 节理KKaiser effect 凯塞效应Karst 喀斯特(岩溶)Karst collapse 喀斯特塌陷Karst land feature喀斯特地貌K/consolidation K固结LLaminar flow 层流Land form unit 地貌单元Landslide 滑坡Landslide mass 滑坡体Land subsidence 地面下沉Laterite 红土Layer wise summation method 分层总和法Lime pile method 石灰桩法Lime soil pile 灰土桩Lime treated soil 灰土Limit equilibrium method 极限平衡法Linear shrinkage ratio 线缩率Line load 线荷载Liquefaction of sand 砂土液化Liquefaction potential 液化势Liquidity index 液性指数Liquid limit 液限Local shear failure 局部剪切破坏Loess 黄土loess/like soil 黄土状土longitudinal dike 顺坝long/term modulus 长期模量long/term stability 长期稳定性Lugeon unit 吕荣单位MMagmatic rock (igneous rock) 岩浆岩(火成岩) Marine soil 海积土Masonry retaining wall 砌体挡墙Maximum dry density 最大干密度Mechanical properties of rock 岩石力学性质Mechanics of granular media 散体力学Metamorphic rock 变质岩Method of slice 条分法micro/crack 微裂纹Mindlin’s solution 明德林解答Mini pile 微型桩Modified Griffith’s criterion 修正的格里菲斯准则Modulus of deformation 变形模量Modulus of elasticity 弹性模量(杨氏模量) Modulus of pressure meter 旁压仪模量Mohr/Coulomb law 摩尔库仑定律Monitoring of land slide 滑坡监测Monitoring of pore/water pressure 孔隙水压力监测Monitoring of settlement and deformation 沉降变形监测Monitoring of surrounding rock deformation of tunnel 洞室围岩变形监测Muck 淤泥mud pumping 翻浆冒泥NNatural angle of repose 天然休止角Natural building materials 天然建筑材料needle/punched geotextile 针刺土工织物New Austrian Tunnelling Method (NATM) 新奥法non/uniform settlement 不均匀沉降non woven geotextile 无纺土工织物normalization 归一化normally consolidation soil 正常固结土OOptimum moisture content 最优含水率Organic soil 有机质土Osmosic pressure method 渗透压法Outand cover method 明挖法Over break 超挖Overburden layer 覆盖层Overburden pressure 覆盖压力Over consolidation soil 超固结土Over consolidation ratio (OCR) 超固结比Over coarse/grained soil 巨粒土PPacked drain, fabric/enclosed drain 袋装砂井Parallel section method 平行断面法Parapet wall 防浪墙Particle size analysis 颗粒分析试验Passive earth pressure 被动土压力Peak strength 峰值强度Peat 泥炭Penetration resistance 贯入阻力Perched water 上层滞水Perennially frozen soil 多年冻土Permeability 渗透性Permeability test 渗透试验Phreatic line 浸润线Phreatic water 潜水Physical properties of rock 岩石的物理性质Piezo cone test (CPTU) 孔压静力触探试验Piezo metric head 测压管水头Pipe jacking method 顶管法Piping 管涌Plane strain test 平面应变试验Plastic failure 塑性破坏Plastic flow 塑流Plastic limit 塑限Plastic strain 塑性应变Plastic zone 塑性区Plasticity chart 塑性图Plasticity index 塑性指数Plate loading test 平板荷载试验Point loading test 点荷载试验Poisson’s ratio 泊松比poorly/graded soil 不良级配土pore air pressure 孔隙气压力pore pressure 孔隙压力pore pressure parameter 孔隙水压力系数pore pressure ratio 孔隙压力比pore water 孔隙水pore water pressure 孔隙水压力porosity 孔隙率pre consolidation pressure先期固结压力preloading method 预压法pressure bulb 压力泡pressure meter test (PMT) 旁压试验primary stress 初始应力(地应力)primary consolidation 主固结principle of effective stress 有效应力原理progressive failure 渐近破坏prototype monitoring 原型监测punching shear failure 冲剪破坏pump/in test 压水试验pumping test 抽水试验QQuicksand 流砂Quick shear test 快剪试验RRadial flat jack technique 径向扁千斤顶法Radial wells 辐射井Radius of influence 影响半径Rankine’s earth pressure theory 兰金土压力理论Rate of settlement 沉降速率Rate of stripping 剥离比Rebound modulus 回弹模量Rebound of foundation 地基回弹Recharge area 补给区Recharge rate 补给率Recharge method 回灌法Reclamation 围垦工程Reinforced earth 加筋土Reinforced soil wall 加筋土挡墙Relative density 相对密度Relaxation time 松弛时间Relief well 减压井Remolded strength 重塑强度Remote sensing prospecting 遥感勘测Reserve of building material 建材储量Residual soil 残积土Residual strength 残余强度Resonant column test 共振柱试验Retaining wall 挡土墙(挡墙)Retardation 滞后Rheology 流变学Road pavement 道路路面Rock 岩石Rock burst 岩爆Rock classification 岩石分类Rock engineering 岩石工程Rock fall 岩崩Rock fill dam 堆石坝Rock mass 岩体Rock mass basic quality (BQ) 岩体基本质量Rock mechanics 岩石力学(岩体力学)Rock quality designation (RQD) 岩石质量指标Rolled fill earth dam 碾压土坝Rolling compaction test 碾压试验Root pile 树根桩Rose diagram of joints 节理玫瑰图Run off area 径流区rupture, fracture 断裂SSaline soil 盐渍土Sand drain 排水砂井Sandy soil 砂井土Saturation curve 饱和曲线Scale effect 尺度效应Seasonally frozen soil 季节冻土Secondary consolidation 次固结Secondary consolidation settlement 次固结沉降Sedimentary rock 沉积岩Seepage 渗流Seepage deformation 渗透变形Seepage failure 渗透破坏Seepage force 渗流力Seepage path 渗径Seismic prospecting 地震勘探self/boring pressure meter 自钻式旁压仪semi/infinite elastic body 半无限弹性体sensitivity 灵敏度settlement 沉降settlement calculation depth 沉降计算深度settlement curve 沉降曲线shea rmodulus 剪切模量shear strain 剪应变shear strength 抗剪强度sheet pile wall 板桩墙shield driving method 盾构法shot concrete 喷射混凝土shrinkage index 缩性指数shrinkage limit 缩限side ditch 侧沟simple shear test 单剪试验slaking 湿化slide/resistant pile 抗滑桩slip surface 滑动面slip zone 滑动带slope wash 坡积土sloping core 斜墙slow shear test 慢剪试验soft clay 软粘土soil 土soil dynamics 土动力学soil fabric 土的组构soil flow 流土soil mass 土体soil mechanics 土力学soil nailing 土钉soil sampler 取土器soil skeleton 土骨架soil structure 土的结构soldier pile 排桩special soil 特殊土specific gravity of soil particle 土粒比重specific grout absorption 单位吸浆量(比吸浆量)specific penetration resistance 比贯入阻力specific surface 比表面积specific water absorption 单位吸水量specific yield 给水度split test 劈裂试验(巴西试验)stability analysis 稳定分析stability number 稳定数stable crack growth稳定裂纹扩展standard penetration test (SPT) 标准贯入试验state of plastic equilibrium 塑性平衡状态steady seepage 稳定渗流stereo graphic projection 赤平投影stone material 石料storage coefficient 储水系数strain controlled test 应变控制试验strain hardening 应变硬化strain space 应变空间strain softening 应变软化strength envelope 强度包线stress concentration 应力集中stress controlled test 应力控制试验stress distribution 应力分布stress history 应力历史stress level 应力水平stress path 应力路径stress recovery method 应力恢复法stress relaxation 应力松弛stress relief method 应力解除法stress space 应力空间strip load 条形荷载structural block 结构体structural plane 结构面structural types of rock mass 岩体结构类型subsurface runoff 地下径流surcharge 超载surface force 表面力surface soil stabilization 浅层土加固surface water 地表水surface wave velocity method 表面波法surrounding rock 围岩surrounding rock stress 围岩应力(二次应力) Swedish circle method 瑞典圆弧法Swelling force 膨胀力Swelling index 回弹指数Swelling ratio 膨胀率Syncline 向斜TTailings dam 尾矿坝Tensile strength 抗拉强度Terzaghi’s consolidation theory 太沙基固结理论texsol, fibre soil 纤维土thaw collapsibility 融陷性thick wall sampler 厚壁取土器thin wall sampler 薄壁取土器thixotropy 触变性three phase diagram 三相图tie back wall, anchored wall 锚杆挡墙time factor 时间因数torsional shear test 扭剪试验total mineralization of ground/water 地下水总矿化度total stress 总应力total stress analysis 总应力分析transducer 传感器transient load 瞬时荷载transmissivity 导水系数trench 探槽trench out method 挖沟法triangular method 三角形法triaxial compression test 三轴压缩试验(三轴剪切试验)triaxial extension test 三轴伸长试验truetriaxial test 真三轴试验tunnel 隧道tunnel lining 隧道衬砌turbulent flow 紊流UUltimate bearing capacity 极限承载力Unconfined compressive strength test 无侧限抗压强度试验Unconsolidated undrained triaxial test 不固结不排水三轴试验under/consolidated soil 欠固结土underground diaphragm wall 地下连续墙underground opening 地下洞室under lying stratum 下卧层underpinning 托换技术undisturbed soil sample 不扰动土样(原状土样)uniformly distributed load 均布荷载unit weight 容量up/hole method 上孔法uplift pressure 扬压力VVacuum preloading 真空预压法Valley terrace 河谷阶地Vane shear test 十字板剪切试验Varved clay 带状粘土Vertical shaft 竖井Vibro flotation 振冲法Void ratio 孔隙比Volumetric strain 体应变Volume shrinkage ratio 体缩率WWater bearing capacity 容水量Water content 含水率Water injecting test 注水试验Water retaining capacity 持水度Weak intercalated layer 软弱夹层Weak structural plane 软弱结构面Weathered crust 风化壳Weathered rock 风化岩石Weathered zone 风化带Weathering 风化作用Weathering degree of rock 岩石风化程度Well point 井点排水well/graded soil 良好级配土Winkler’s assumption 文克勒假定YYield 屈服Yield criteria 屈服准则。

GEOTECHNICALSPECIALPUBLICATIONNO.207…

GEOTECHNICAL SPECIAL PUBLICATION NO.207 Ground Improvement and geosynthetics PROCEEDINGS OF SESSIONS OF GEO SHANGHAI2010June3-5,2010Shanghai,ChinaHOSTED BYTongji UniversityShanghai Society of Civil Engineering,ChinaChinese Institution of Soil Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering,ChinaIN COOPERATION WITHAlaska University Transportation Center,USAASCE Geo-Institute,USADeep Foundation Institute,USAEast China Architectural Design&Research Institute Company,ChinaGeorgia Institute of Technology,USANagoya Institute of Technology,JapanTransportation Research Board(TRB),USAThe University of Newcastle,AustraliaThe University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign,USAThe University of Kansas,USAThe University of Tennessee,USA"Vienna University of Natural Resources and Applied Life Sciences,AustriaEDITED BYAnand PuppalaJie HuangJieHanLaureano R.HoyosGEO-INSTITUTE Published by the American Society of Civil EngineersContentsKeynote Lecture PaperDurability of Cement Treated Clay with Air Foam Usedin Water Front StructuresYoshiaki Kikuchi and Takeshi NagatomeGround ImprovementMechanical and Hydraulic Modification MethodsAn Economical,Practical,and Environmental Friendly Surcharge Preloading Method to Improve Soft Ground of Municipal RoadHeping Yang,Jie Xiao,and Yufei HeEstimation of Strength Gain Due to ConsolidationRaghvendra Singh,Debasis Roy,and Himanshu DubeyNumerical Study on the Deformation and Failure of Reinforced Sand Retaining Walls Subjected to the Vertical LoadYanbo Cao,Fangle Peng,Ke Tan,and M.S.A.SiddiqueeDevelopment of Reinforced Soil Structure with PileFoundation:Piled Geo-WallTakashi Hara,Shinichiro Tsuji,Naoki Tatta,Alsushi Yashima,and Kazuhide SawadaLimit Analysis of Reinforced Soil Slopes Based on CompositeReinforcement MechanismYong-liang Lin,Xin-xing Li,and Meng-xi ZhangComparison of Performance between Cross Shaped and ConventionalDeep Mixed Columns for Three-Layered Soft Ground Improvementunder Embankment LoadYaolin Yi,Songyu Liu,Yanjun Du,Fei Jing,and Nenghe GongA New Method for Settlement Calculation of Long-Short Piles Combined Composite FoundationChuang Yu,Linyou Pan,and Xiaobing LiExperimental Study on Vertical Bearing Behavior of Composite Foundation with Tapered Rigid PileJie He,Jie Liu,Ke-neng Zhang,Chang-qing Min,and Da Hu Implementation of Optimized Soil Improvement Techniquesfor a Giga ProjectBabak Hamidi,Serge Varaksin,and Hamid NikrazExperimental Study on Shear Strength Behavior of ShreddedTyre-Reinforced SandV.Vinot and Baleshwar SinghviiNumerical Analysis of Lateral Behavior of Rigid Piles to Support Embankments99 Li Liu,Gang Zheng,and Jie HanSettlement Behavior of Highway Transition Sections on Soft Clay Foundation107 Yongfeng Deng,Songyu Liu,Fei Jing,and Weijiang FengConsolidating Dredge Soil by Combining Vacuum and DynamicCompaction Effort113 An Deng and Shi-long XuChemical Modification MethodsOptimization of Deep Mixed Shear Walls for Stabilization of a Pile-SupportedFlood Wall on Level Ground119 Tiffany E.Adams,George M.Filz,Peter R.Cali,Mark L.Woodward,and Neil T.SchwanzHeavy Structures Supported by Soil-Cement Columns125 Lisheng Shao and Ken IvanetichMechanical Properties of Used Tire Granulates,Sand,and Cement Mixtures131 Berrak Teymur and B.Alp AtapekFly Ash As a Dispersing Material in Cement Stabilization137 Suksun Horpibulsuk and Yuttana RaksachonStrength Characteristics of a Local Red Soil Blended with Class FFly Ash and Cement143 Ajanta Kalita and Baleshwav SinghMechanical Behavior of Compacted Geomaterial Changed from the DredgedSoil in Nagoya Port by Mixing with Some Stabilizers149 Kai Sun,Masaki Nakano,Eiji Yamada,and Akira AsaokaEffects of Organics on Stabilized Expansive Subgrade Soils155 Sircesh Saride,Srujan R.Chikyala,Anand J.Puppala,and Pat J.HarrisApplication of Gypsum Waste Plasterboard and Waste Plastic Traysto Enhance the Performance of Sandy Soil165 Aly Ahmed,Keizo Ugai,and Takeshi KameiEffect of Placement Water Content on Strength of Temperature CuredLime Treated Expansive Soil174 Amir Asad Nasrizar,M.Muttharam,and K.IlamparuthiUtilization of Shredded Rubber Tires for Cement-Stabilized Soft Clays181 Mohamed A.Shahin and Liao S.HongOther Modification MethodsAnalysis on Load Transfer for Single Pile Composite Foundationunder Embankments Based on Elastic Theory187 Xiao Ming Lou,Geng Bo Jiang,and Hong Yue XuA Review of the Settlement of Stone Columns in Compressible Soils197Bryan A.McCabe and Derek EganviiiField Test and Numerical Analysis on Performance Upgradeof Existing Rockfall Protection Fence by Using High EnergyAbsorption Net205 Shinichiro Tsuji,Takashi Hara,Atsushi Yashima,and Masaki YoshidaNumerical Modelling for Ground Improvement of Batter Micropileson Liquefiable Soils212 Mingwu Wang and Jinping HanSlope Stability Analysis for Embankment on Wash Pond Sedimentswith Prefabricated Wick Drains and Staged Construction220 J.Ding,R.Vester,and R.KnottBridge Approach Settlements:Lessons Learned from Present Case Studiesand Ground Improvement Solutions228 Anand J.Puppala,Sircesh Saride,Ekarut Archeewa,Soheil Nazarian,and Richard Williammee,Jr.Analysis of the Influence of Embankment Widening on Soft Groundwith Differential Settlements on Pavement Structure239 Yekai Chen,Yimin Wang,and Chao RenImproving Reinforced Soil Performance Incorporating Vertical Reinforcement249 Binod Shrestha and Hadi KhabbazSafety Problem of Freezing Projects in Saline Soils255 Xiang-Dong Hu,Fei Zhao,and Rui-Zhi YuLarge Scale Test on Improving Ultra Soft Soil Using Electro-Osmotic Method263 Yonghua Cao,Jingfang Yang,and Dongdong ChengGeosyntheticsFinite Element Modeling of a Field-Scale Shored MechanicallyStabilized Earth Wall269 Cheng Chen,Louis Gc,and Jia Sheng ZhangBearing Capacities of Geogrid-Reinforced Sand Bases under Static Loading275 Yan-Li Dong,Jie Han,and Xiao-Hong BaiPerformance Study of Geosynthetic Reinforced Soil Retaining Structures282 Sao-Jeng ChaoStability Analysis of Geobelt-Rcinforced Cushion Foundations287 Xian-Zhi Huang,Jie Han,Feng-Xiang Yan,and Jian-Zhou FanNoise Barriers by Steep Vegetated Walls Reinforced with Geosynthetics-AnEconomical Alternative?295 Harald Schoen,Franz Aschauer,and Wei WuGeosynthetics and Pavement Life Cycle:An Analysis through the M-E PDG302 Filippo G.Pratico,Domenico Tramontana,Antonio Casciano,and Antonella AttinaMechanical Behavior of Geosynthetic-Reinforccd Soil Retaining Wall310 Mamoru Kikumoto,Teruo Nakai,Shahin Md.Hossain,Kenji Ishii,Asami Watanabe,and Feng Zhangix3D Parametric Study of Geosynthetic-Reinforced Column-SupportedEmbankments318 Jie Huang,Jie Han,and Junjie ZhengPrediction of Settlements of Gcocell Reinforced Sand Foundations328 Sireesh Saride,T.G.Sitharam,and Anand J.PuppalaInvestigation of Tire Chips-Sand Mixtures As Preventive Measureagainst Liquefaction338 Hemanta Hazarika,Masayuki Hyodo,and Kazuya YasuharaDesign Method for Flat Geotextile Tubes346 Yue Yan,Shuwang Yan,Changlin Qiu,and Gang ZhengLaboratory Model Tests for a Strip Footing Supported on GeocellReinforced Sand Bed353 S.N.Moghaddas Tafreshi and A.R.DawsonMacro-Mesoscopic Study of the Interface between Sand and Geogrid361 J.Q.Wang,J.Zhou,and Y.B.DengTriaxial Compression and Extension Tests for Fiber-Reinforced Silty Sand367 Cheng-Wei ChenIndexesAuthor Index377 Subject Index379x。

建筑专业土木工程词汇及术语中英文对照

建筑专业笔记整理大全-结构工程常用词汇-土木工程常用英语术语结构工程常用词汇混凝土：concrete钢筋：reinforcing steel bar钢筋混凝土：reinforced concrete（RC)钢筋混凝土结构：reinforced concrete structure板式楼梯：cranked slab stairs刚度：rigidity徐变：creep水泥：cement钢筋保护层:cover to reinforcement梁:beam柱：column板：slab剪力墙:shear wall基础：foundation剪力:shear剪切变形:shear deformation剪切模量：shear modulus拉力：tension压力：pressure延伸率：percentage of elongation位移：displacement应力：stress应变：strain应力集中：concentration of stresses应力松弛：stress relaxation应力图：stress diagram应力应变曲线：stress—strain curve应力状态：state of stress钢丝:steel wire箍筋：hoop reinforcement箍筋间距：stirrup spacing加载:loading抗压强度：compressive strength抗弯强度：bending strength抗扭强度:torsional strength抗拉强度：tensile strength裂缝：crack屈服：yield屈服点:yield point屈服荷载：yield load屈服极限:limit of yielding屈服强度：yield strength屈服强度下限：lower limit of yield荷载：load横截面：cross section承载力:bearing capacity承重结构：bearing structure弹性模量：elastic modulus预应力钢筋混凝土：prestressed reinforced concrete预应力钢筋：prestressed reinforcement预应力损失：loss of prestress预制板:precast slab现浇钢筋混凝土结构：cast—in—place reinforced concrete 双向配筋：two—way reinforcement主梁：main beam次梁：secondary beam弯矩：moment悬臂梁：cantilever beam延性：ductileity受弯构件:member in bending受拉区：tensile region受压区：compressive region塑性：plasticity轴向压力：axial pressure轴向拉力：axial tension吊车梁:crane beam可靠性：reliability粘结力：cohesive force外力:external force弯起钢筋：bent-up bar弯曲破坏：bending failure屋架：roof truss素混凝土：non-reinforced concrete无梁楼盖：flat slab配筋率：reinforcement ratio配箍率：stirrup ratio泊松比：Poisson’s ratio偏心受拉：eccentric tension偏心受压:eccentric compression偏心距：eccentric distance疲劳强度：fatigue strength偏心荷载：eccentric load跨度:span跨高比：span—to-depth ratio跨中荷载：midspan load框架结构:frame structure集中荷载:concentrated load分布荷载：distribution load分布钢筋：distribution steel挠度：deflection设计荷载：design load设计强度：design strength构造:construction简支梁：simple beam截面面积：area of section浇注：pouring浇注混凝土：concreting钢筋搭接：bar splicing刚架：rigid frame脆性：brittleness脆性破坏：brittle failure土木工程常用英语术语第一节一般术语1. 工程结构building and civil engineering structures房屋建筑和土木工程的建筑物、构筑物及其相关组成部分的总称。

建筑词汇-地基处理

地基处理地基处理表层压密法surface compaction超载预压surcharge preloading袋装砂井sand wick地工织物geofabric, geotextile地基处理ground treatment, foundation treatment 电动化学灌浆electrochemical grouting电渗法electro-osmotic drainage顶升纠偏法定喷directional jet grouting冻土地基处理frozen foundation improvement短桩处理treatment with short pile堆载预压法preloading粉体喷射深层搅拌法powder deep mixing method 复合地基composite foundation干振成孔灌注桩vibratory bored pile高压喷射注浆法jet grounting灌浆材料injection material灌浆法grouting硅化法silicification夯实桩compacting pile化学灌浆chemical grouting换填法cushion灰土桩lime soil pile挤密灌浆compaction grouting挤密桩compaction pile, compacted column挤淤法displacement method加筋法reinforcement method加筋土reinforced earth碱液法soda solution grouting浆液深层搅拌法grout deep mixing method降低地下水位法dewatering method坑式托换pit underpinning冷热处理法freezing and heating锚固技术anchoring锚杆静压桩托换anchor pile underpinning排水固结法consolidation膨胀土地基处理expansive foundation treatment劈裂灌浆fracture grouting浅层处理shallow treatment强夯法dynamic compaction人工地基artificial foundation容许灌浆压力allowable grouting pressure褥垫pillow软土地基soft clay ground砂井sand drain砂井地基平均固结度average degree of consolidation of sand-drained ground 砂桩sand column山区地基处理foundation treatment in mountain area深层搅拌法deep mixing method渗入性灌浆seep-in grouting湿陷性黄土地基处理collapsible loess treatment石灰系深层搅拌法lime deep mixing method石灰桩lime column, limepile树根桩root pile水泥土水泥掺合比cement mixing ratio水泥系深层搅拌法cement deep mixing method水平旋喷horizontal jet grouting塑料排水带plastic drain碎石桩gravel pile, stone pillar天然地基natural foundation土工聚合物Geopolymer土工织物geofabric, geotextile土桩earth pile托换技术underpinning technique外掺剂additive旋喷jet grouting药液灌浆chemical grouting预浸水法presoaking预压法preloading真空预压vacuum preloading振冲法vibroflotation method振冲密实法vibro-compaction振冲碎石桩vibro replacement stone column振冲置换法vibro-replacement振密、挤密法vibro-densification, compacting 置换率（复合地基）replacement ratio重锤夯实法tamping桩式托换pile underpinning桩土应力比stress ratio。

Shear behaviour of a geogrid-reinforced coarse-grainedsoil based on large-scale triaxial tests

Shear behaviour of a geogrid-reinforced coarse-grained soil based on large-scale triaxial testsXiaobin Chen a,*,Jiasheng Zhang a,Zhiyong Li ba School of Civil Engineering,Central South University,22Shaoshan Road,Changsha410075,PR Chinab Human Communication Research Institute,472Fu Rong Road,Changsha410008,PR Chinaa r t i c l e i n f oArticle history:Received20June2013Received in revised form7May2014Accepted7May2014Available online2June2014Keywords:Weathered mudstone coarse-grained soil Geogrid reinforcementLarge-scale triaxial testShear behaviourReinforcement coefﬁcientSlip surface a b s t r a c tIn China,weathered mudstone geogrid-reinforced coarse-grained soil is used extensively for road em-bankments.However,the microstructure and disintegration process of weathered mudstone remain unclear.Furthermore,few studies have investigated the shear behaviour of this kind of geogrid-reinforcedﬁll through large-scale triaxial tests against grain size effects.To bridge this gap,this study reports results from large scale consolidated undrained(CU)and consolidated drained(CD)triaxial tests as well as scanning electron microscopy(SEM),energy-dispersive X-ray(EDX),and disintegration tests on weathered mudstone geogrid-reinforced coarse-grained soil.EDX spectrograms and SEM images show that coarse grains disintegrate rapidly mainly owing to the high clay mineral content and loose microstructure.Therefore,a suitable disintegration time(w15days)is recommended for embankment sits.The shear behaviour of this geogrid-reinforcedﬁll is investigated in detail through large-scale triaxial tests.The shear deformation tends toward strain hardening behaviour with an increase in the number of geogrid layers and the conﬁning pressure.Geogrids signiﬁcantly improve the apparent cohesive strength of coarse-grained soil.The pore water pressure is found to develop rapidly in the0% e4%axial strain phase but dissipate slowly in the4%e12%axial strain phase.During shear,the pore pressure coefﬁcient A values of0.2e0.4are indicative of the partial saturation of specimens.Conse-quently,pore water pressure development is mainly attributed to the movement and rearrangement of coarse particles in coarse-grained soil.Experimental data show that the geogrid-reinforcement co-efﬁcients increase with the number of geogrid layers,and a20-cm separation between geogrid layers is recommended for embankment construction sites.The number of geogrid layers inﬂuences the geogrid e soil interface’s mobilization and the slip surface type.Test results revealed three types of slip surfaces related to the failure shapes of specimens.Then,based on CU experimental data,the parameters of the Duncan e Chang constitutive model are discussed.Ó2014Elsevier Ltd.All rights reserved.1.IntroductionMudstone,which is widely distributed in the southern part of China,is an extremelyﬁne-grained sedimentary rock consisting of a mixture of clay and silt-sized particles,generally a mixture of clay minerals with any or all of quartz,feldspar,and mica.Mudstone can be subdivided into siltstone and claystone,in which more than50% of the composition is silt-and clay-sized particles,and both of which have similar mechanical properties.Mudstone is a soft rock, commonly with uniaxial compressive strengths less than15MPa and density less than2.65g/cm3.Therefore,it is generally too soft for construction or similar purposes.However,when naturally weathered,it breaks into blockyﬂakes and eventually into residual coarse-grained soil,which is often used as aﬁll for constructing embankments in mountainous areas in China.In recent years,geosynthetics,especially geogrids and geo-textiles,have been increasingly used to reinforce embankments.A geogrid-reinforced embankment,by preventing lateral deforma-tion and distributing trafﬁc loading over a larger subgrade area,can often carry higher trafﬁc loading(U.S.Army Corps of Engineers, 2003).Therefore,when weathered mudstone coarse-grained soil are used in highway embankments subjected to trafﬁc loading,they are usually reinforced with geogrids in top layer.In this study,the shear behaviour and inﬂuences of geogrid reinforcement on clayey mudstone coarse-grained soil are investigated in detail through large-scale triaxial test results.*Corresponding author.Postal address:22Shaoshan Road,Changsha410075, Hunan province,China.Tel./fax:þ86731-82656812.E-mail addresses:cxb528@,chen_xiaobin@,chenxb@illinois. edu(X.Chen).Contents lists available at ScienceDirectGeotextiles and Geomembranesjou rna l homepage:/locate/geotexmem/10.1016/j.geotexmem.2014.05.0040266-1144/Ó2014Elsevier Ltd.All rights reserved.Geotextiles and Geomembranes42(2014)312e328Many studies have investigated granular soil(or granular mixture)reinforcement mechanisms through laboratory andﬁeld tests.Giroud and Noiray(1981)used geogrids and woven geo-textiles as reinforcements for increasing resistance to trafﬁc load. They,along with many other studies(Berg et al.,2000;Hufenus et al.,2006;Subaida et al.,2009),concluded that geogrids mainly provide reinforcement through lateral restraint,improved bearing capacity,and the tensioned membrane effect.Giroud and Han (2004a,b)presented a design method for geogrid-reinforced un-paved roads in which the inﬂuences of the bearing capacity factor (Nc)and interlock among the geogrids were considered.Mekkawy et al.(2011)investigated the shoulder rutting performance of geogrid-reinforced granular shoulders on soft subgrade by per-forming laboratory and full-scale tests.They presented a design chart correlating the rut depth with the number of load cycles to subgrade CBR.This chart was used to optimize granular shoulder design parameters and better predict granular shoulder perfor-mance.Palmeira(2009)analysed the results of large-scale cyclic and monotonic loading tests of unreinforced and geosynthetic-reinforced unpaved roads.They found that the presence of a rein-forcement layer signiﬁcantly reduced the magnitudes of vertical stress increments transferred to and vertical strain in the subgrade. Their experimental investigations showed that geogrids were more efﬁcient than geotextiles in restraining lateral movement of theﬁll material.Perkins and Ismeik(1997a,b)also noted the beneﬁcial effects of geosynthetics on reinforced pavements and unpaved roads.Anderson and Killeavy(1989)and Cancelli et al.(1992)noted that the use of geosynthetic reinforcements could reduce pavement thickness by20%e50%.Knapton and Austin(1996)achieved rut depth reductions of up to50%by using geosynthetic re-inforcements,especially geogrids.Raymond and Ismail(2003) noted that the reinforcement layer position inﬂuences a road’s performance.Yang et al.(2012)conducted accelerated pavement tests on unpaved road sections with geocell-reinforced sand bases and demonstrated that the NPA geocell signiﬁcantly improved the stability of unpaved roads with sand bases and reduced permanent deformation.Gourc et al.(1986)proposed a displacement evalua-tion method based on the effect of reinforcement extensibility on the mobilization of interface mechanisms of fabric-retaining walls. Skinner and Rowe(2005)studied the stability of geosynthetic-reinforced retaining walls by analysing a geosynthetic-reinforced soil wall supporting a bridge abutment and approach road con-structed on clayey soil deposit.Ehrlich et al.(2012)presented a physical model study of the inﬂuence of compaction on the behaviour of geogrid-reinforced soil walls.Their results showed that the position of maximum tensile force mobilized in the re-inforcements was nearer to the face in the wall with heavy compaction.Weggel and Ward(2012)presented the equations for a numerical model that describes the accumulation ofﬁlter cake on a geotextile asﬂow passes through and solved them numerically using an Eulerﬁnite difference scheme and an Excel spreadsheet. Sitharam and Hegde(2013)discussed the geotechnical problems at a site,the design of a geocell foundation based on experimental investigation,and the construction sequences of geocell founda-tions in theﬁeld.Yang et al.(2014)focused on soil-rock mixtures as the backﬁlls of geogrid-reinforced soil retaining walls with due concern for their long-term performance and safety.Wang et al. (2014)conducted a numerical compound tensile test(in sand) with one geogrid tensile member by PFC2D to investigate the load transfer behaviour between the geogrid and sand.Moraci and Recalcati(2006)used a large-scale pullout test setup to study the factors inﬂuencing the behaviours of geogrid reinforcements embedded in granular soil and evaluated the peak and residual pullout resistance values.Fannin et al.(2005)and Chakraborty and Salgado(2010)studied the dilative behaviour of granular soil.The shear behaviour at the geotextile e granular soil interface inﬂuences the stability of a geotextile-reinforced embankment. Many studies conducted direct shear tests on various geotextile interfaces to study their shear stress e shear displacement re-lationships(Gilbert et al.,1996;Triplett and Fox,2001;Zornberg et al.,2005;Bergado et al.,2006;Nye and Fox,2007;Sharma et al.,2007;Suksiripattanaponga et al.,2013).Tran and Meguid (2013)developed a coupledﬁnite-discrete framework to investi-gate the behaviour of a biaxial geogrid sheet embedded in granular material and subjected to pullout loading.Esmaili et al.(2014) presented the descriptions and results of multi-scale pullout and interface shear tests on a woven polypropylene geotextile rein-forcement material in a marginal quality soil.Khoury et al.(2011) presented the results of a laboratory study on the mechanical behaviour of unsaturated soil e geotextile interfaces using a specially modiﬁed direct shear apparatus.Belén et al.(2011)stud-ied the frictional behaviours of geosynthetics used in municipal solid-waste landﬁlls and developed an analytical model to describe the shear behaviour and simulate progressive geomembrane e geotextile interface failure from direct shear tests.Sayeed(2014) used large-size direct shear tests to determine the interfacial shear characteristics of sand e geotextile under three different normal stresses.They investigated the surface morphology of sand particles based on SEM images and quantitatively analysed it using the Wadell roundness and degree of angularity methods.Pitanga et al.(2009)investigated geogrid-reinforced granular soil and found very low dilatancy values between1/300and1/50of the maximum shear displacement in addition to a nonlinear failure envelope in the normal stress ranges.Stark et al.(1996)and Hebeler et al.(2005)studied the geogrid interface interaction mechanisms based on shear tests and found that interbedding and hook control the interface shear strength.Gilbert et al.(1996)and Sharma et al. (2007),among others,developed interface interaction models toﬁt experimental data.Indraratna et al.(2006,2007),among others, demonstrated the effectiveness of geogrid reinforcements on restricting ballast deformation throughﬁeld tests and simple lab-oratory tests.Coleman(1990)and Shukla and Yin(2006)evaluated the effects of interlocking between railway ballast and geogrid apertures on shearing resistance.Indraratna et al.(2011)described how the ballast e geogrid interface copes with fouling by coalﬁnes. They investigated the stress e displacement behaviours of fresh, fouled,and geogrid-reinforced ballast by performing a series of large-scale shear tests.Dombrow et al.(2009)conducted a series of large-scale shear tests with fresh ballast and ballast fouled by coal to varying degrees.They found that the shear strength decreased steadily as the fouling percentage increased.Tutumluer et al.(2012) studied the shear behaviour of ballast under monotonic and cyclic loading.Chen and McDowell(2012)used the discrete element method to simulate the cyclic loading of geogrid-reinforced ballast under conﬁned and unconﬁned conditions.Leshchinsky and Ling (2013),based on prior large-scale laboratory tests of ballast em-bankments with geocell conﬁnement and relevant numerical modelling,validated an acceptable material model for a parametric study usingﬁnite element analysis to investigate the effects of geocell conﬁnement on ballasted embankments when encoun-tering a soft subgrade,weaker ballast,or varying reinforcement stiffnesses.Indraratna et al.(2013)described a novel large-scale process simulation test(PST)apparatus that can capture the lateral strain variation upon loading.They conducted laboratory tests to explore the deformation and degradation response of both unreinforced and reinforced ballast under high-frequency cyclic loading.For coarse-grained soils,Pitman et al.(1994)focused on the ef-fect of the coarse grain content on soil de et al.(1998) investigated the effect of the coarse grain content on theX.Chen et al./Geotextiles and Geomembranes42(2014)312e328313collapsibility of a granular mixture.Vallejo and Mawby (2000)conducted some tests to study the shear strength at different coarse grain contents.Dash and Sitharam (2009)investigated the stress e strain relationships of coarse grained soil,and Bandini and Pham (2011)focused on the critical state characteristics of the same.Zhao and Zhang (2013a,b)conducted drained and undrained triaxial tests on several widely graded soils with different coarse contents at low con ﬁning stress.They found that the soil micro-structure changes from a ﬁne-to a coarse-controlled structure beyond a critical coarse content of w 70%.Zhao and Zhang (2013a,b)investigated the microstructure,compressibility,and shear strength of an unsaturated widely graded coarse-grained soil.Suksiripattanapong et al.(2013)studied the pullout resistance of geogrid reinforcement in coarse-grained soils and presented pullout resistance equations for the bearing reinforcement with different dimensions and spacings between transverse members.Demir et al.(2013)conducted 16ﬁeld tests to evaluate the effects of replacing natural clay soil with a stiffer granular ﬁll layer and single-multiple layers of geogrid reinforcement placed into the granular ﬁll below circular footings.Moraci and Cardile (2012)analysed the effects of the tensile cyclic load,frequency,and amplitude;vertical con ﬁning stress;and geogrid structure on the pullout behaviour in terms of accumulated displacements and deformations.Shivashankar and Jayaraj (2014)investigated the effects of prestressing the rein-forcement on the strength improvement and settlement reduction of a reinforced granular bed overlying weak soil.Many studies have investigated the effect of the coarse grain content on the stress e strain relationships,shear strength,and critical state properties of coarse grained soil.However,few studies have focused on geogrid-reinforced coarse-grained soils;in particular,few large-scale triaxial experimental investigations have been rge specimens are rarely used to diminish coarse grains ’size effects on the shear behaviour in triaxial tests.Furthermore,the disintegration of coarse grains is always neglec-ted.To better understand the shear behaviour and effects of geogrid-reinforced coarse-grained soil during triaxial testing,a series of large-scale triaxial tests (CU and CD)were conducted in this study.SEM images and EDX spectrograms of mudstone were obtained using a ﬁeld-emission gun environmental scanning elec-tron microscope (FEG-ESEM).In addition,disintegration tests were conducted to investigate the mudstone grain ’s disintegration when exposed to air and water.In the triaxial experiments,the di-mensions of each specimen are as follows:diameter ¼300mm,height ¼600mm,and thickness of rubber membrane encasing specimen ¼2mm.The relationships between the specimen failure shapes and numbers of geogrid layers were studied,and the pa-rameters of the Duncan and Chang constitutive model were discussed.2.Materials and specimen preparation 2.1.Mudstone grain ’s propertiesMudstone consists of silt-,mud-,and clay-sized particles.The chemical compositions of mudstone grains are summarized in Table 1.The microstructure of the mudstone grain ’s mineral matrix was investigated by SEM,as shown in Fig.1(a e d).These images show that the microstructure of the mudstone grain ’s mineral matrix is relatively loose,and the shape of the clay ’s mineral matrix is mainly blocky and laminated.The loose microstructure suggests that water and air could easily penetrate the mudstone grains,in turn easilyTable 1Chemical compositions of mudstone grains (%,percentage by dry weight).Sample no.Compositions S i O 2Al 2O 3Fe 2O 3CaO MgO Burning loss Others A1(at k6þ060)65.0514.537.80.74 1.647.32 2.92A2(at k14þ130)69.3413.587.270.54 1.13 5.23 2.91A3(at k17þ090)67.2014.057.510.65 1.20 6.86 2.53A4(at k23þ400)69.5013.987.400.55 1.32 4.75 2.50Average67.7714.047.500.621.326.042.71Fig.1.SEM images of weathered mudstone.X.Chen et al./Geotextiles and Geomembranes 42(2014)312e 328314Fig.2.EDX spectrums of weathered mudstone.X.Chen et al./Geotextiles and Geomembranes 42(2014)312e 328315leading to their disintegration.The main minerals in the mudstone grains were analysed based on the EDX spectrograms obtained using an FEG-ESEM,as shown in Fig.2(a e d).The EDX spectrum analysis shows that the minerals in the mudstone grains mainly include clay,quartz (50%e 58%),chlorite (15%e 18%),isinglass (14%e 18%),and feldspar (11%e 12%)by weight.Among these,clay-type minerals d including chlorite,isinglass,and feldspar d constitute 40%e 48%.These fractions can easily be weathered into clayey ﬁne soil.When mudstone grains are exposed to air and water,they disintegrate quickly mainly owing to their high clay mineral con-tent.This disintegration is probably bene ﬁcial for constructing geogrid-reinforced embankments because ﬁlls with higher density and degree of compaction can be obtained with the same compaction energy.In this study,the disintegration time and its effects on mudstone grains were investigated through tests.The disintegration test involves the following steps:(1)Weatheredmudstone grains are dried in an electronic oven.(2)Particle size distribution analysis tests are performed using different sieve aperture diameters (63,37.5,19,9.5,2.36,0.6,and 0.3mm),and the initial particle size distribution diagrams are drawn.(3)Dried mudstone grain samples are exposed to air with constant moisture for 2,3,9,15,24,and 35days.(4)After varying exposures intervals,each sample is subjected to particle size distribution analysis again as in step (2),and the disintegrated particle size distribution dia-grams are plotted again.(5)The disintegration is discussed by comparing the particle size distribution diagrams.Fig.3(a)shows a plot of the particle size distributions of mudstone grains during disintegration tests and Fig.3(b)shows the uniformity coef ﬁcients.Fig.3(a)clearly shows that mudstone grain disintegration in-creases with the exposure time.Disintegration is more obvious in the early phase (ﬁrst 15days),indicating that mudstone grains disintegrate rapidly initially.After 15days,the disintegration speed decreases and most grains (diameter:>60mm)are almost dis-integrated.For instance,when the median grain diameter (d 50)decreases to 50,25,20,6,4,3.1,and 2.0mm,the disintegration times increase to 2,3,9,15,24,and 35days,respectively.Fig.3(b)shows the increase in the uniformity coef ﬁcient of mudstone grain with the disintegration time in the early phase and the decrease in the same with the disintegration time in the later phase (after the ﬁrst 15days),which also demonstrates that most large grains had already been disintegrated in the early phase.Based on the results,the recommended disintegration time is w 15days for embank-ment construction sites.2.2.Specimen preparationThe properties of commercially available polyvinyl chloride (PVC)geogrids with longitudinal and transverse ribs are summa-rized in Table 2.Field weathered mudstone residual soil is a yellow-cyan coarse-grained soil with irregular oblong-,pyramid-,or chip-shaped grains.This weathered mudstone coarse-grained soil has a me-dian grain size diameter (d 50)of 55mm and a uniformity coef ﬁcient (C u )of 4.0.The maximum void ratio (e max )is 0.85,and the mini-mum void ratio (e min )is 0.46.The ﬁeld void ratio (e )is 0.72,and the relative density (D r )is 0.31,which indicates the relatively loose condition in ﬁeld.The basic physical parameters of weathered mudstone coarse-grained soil are listed in Table 3,and its grain size distribution is shown in Fig.4.Not all coarse grains in ﬁeld can be directly accepted for labo-ratory testing,and the coarse grains ’size effects are obvious (Zekkosa et al.,2008,2012).Several studies have recommended that the largest grain diameter be not greater than 1/6or even 1/10of the specimen diameter for minimizing scale effects (Varadaraja et al.,2003).In this study,the diameter of the largest grain in the sample was not greater than 1/5of the specimen diameter,and the size effects were acceptable (Guo,1999).The specimen dimensions are as follows:diameter ¼300mm,height ¼600mm,and a common height-to-diameter ratio of 2according to ASTM D3999-91.The ﬁeld grain size distribution was highly imitated using the weight equivalence method (Guo.1999)in this study,and the large-scale triaxial testing samples were prepared by ﬁltering the ﬁeld mudstone coarse-grained soil with a 60-mm aperturediameterFig. 3.Particle size distribution and uniformity coef ﬁcients during disintegration testing.Table 2Physical dimensions and tensile parameters of polyvinyl chloride geogrids.Aperture length (mm)Aperture width (mm)Longitudinal rib width (mm)Tranverse rib Width (mm)Thickness of rib (mm)Ultimate tensile strength (kN/m)2%Strain tensile strength (kN/m)Longitudinal Tranverse Longitudinal Tranverse 40.038.05.04.03.081.272.568.368.9X.Chen et al./Geotextiles and Geomembranes 42(2014)312e 328316sieve.Theﬁeld and experimental grain size distribution diagrams for weathered mudstone coarse-grained soils are plotted in Fig.4. Although there is a little difference between theﬁeld grain size distribution and the experimental grain size distribution,the de-viation of the testing results and the coarse grain size effects could be acceptable(Guo,1999;Varadaraja et al.,2003).The dry tamping method,moist tamping method,dry pluviation method,and wet pluviation method are commonly used for large-scale reconstituted specimen preparation(Wichtmann et al.,2005). Among these,the moist tamping method allows for specimen preparation with arbitrary relative density and achieves sufﬁcient homogeneity through the application of different compaction ef-forts on each layer,thus compacting each layer to the same density. Considering the characteristics of these methods,the moist tamp-ing method was selected for large-scale triaxial soil specimen preparation in this study.All samples were thoroughly mixed with optimum moisture content(12%).They were then sitting in a curing tank with the same moisture content for at least24h before specimen making.The mudstone coarse-grained soil samples were poured layer-by-layer(ﬁve layers)into cylindrical steel moulds. Then,the mudstone coarse-grained soil samples were compacted such that all layers had the same speciﬁc density,and the surfaces of each layer were scratched to ensure better bonding with the next layer.The degree of compaction of each layer was95%,and poly-vinyl chloride geogrids were embedded at suitable heights(sepa-ration of30,20,and15cm between layers,respectively).To examine the effects of geogrid reinforcement,specimens with no geogrids as well as one,two,and three layers of geogrids were prepared in this study.The specimen symbols and testing programs used in these large-scale triaxial tests are summarized in Table4.2.3.Experimental procedureCU and CD triaxial tests were conducted using a large-scale triaxial setup based on the BS1377-8standards(1990,Methods of test for soils for civil engineering purposes Shear strength tests). Most of the tests performed are CU tests,with CD tests only being performed for volumetric strain analysis.All specimens were tested under fully saturated conditions.A combination of the back pres-sure saturation method and the CO2ﬂushing saturation method was used for achieving sufﬁcient degrees of saturation.The Skempton pore pressure parameter(B¼D u/Ds3)was used as an indicator of the degree of saturation as the specimen was saturated. It is widely accepted that when B>0.95in testing,the degree of saturation,S,reaches100%(Karg and Haegeman,2009).However,it is very difﬁcult to achieve B!0.95for the laboratory testing of large-scale coarse-grained soil specimens,especially for the clayey soils.In practice,it is presumed that B>0.85indicates a degree of saturation of at least99.5%(Thooft,1991).In the mudstone geogrid-reinforced coarse-grained soil triaxial tests,the B values of all samples were0.90e0.95,indicating that all the samples were sufﬁciently saturated.When the saturation procedure was completed,the isotropic consolidation procedure was applied with the specimen drainage valves left open;the time required for full consolidation was8e12h during testing.After consolidation,a shear deviator stress(s1e s3)was applied to the specimens,and the resulting shear behaviours were observed.In the shear test,the shearing speeds were controlled by the axial deformation rates of 0.01cm/min(CU)and0.005cm/min(CD).The shear test was terminated when the axial strain reached15%or the stress reached the critical condition(Torav,1985;Zhu,2003).During testing,the shear stress,shear strain,pore water pressure,and specimen failure shapes were investigated.The obtained critical stress states are summarized in Table5.3.Tests results and analysis3.1.Shear behaviourThe failure shapes of specimens are shown in pared with the original shape,three main types of failure shapes are typically observed:shear banding,middle bulging,and top bulging. These failure shapes are likely related to the embedded geogrid layers.For example,shear banding failure is more likely to occur in non-reinforced specimens;middle bulging failure,in specimens reinforced with two geogrid layers;and top bulging failure,in specimens reinforced with three geogrid layers.The middle and top bulging failure specimens show a clear bulge at a height of0.5e 0.7H and0.7e0.8H,respectively.The experimental principal stresses,principal strains,and pore water pressures during shear testing were focused on,and all of them were automatically recorded by the triaxial setup.Under different conﬁning pressures,the critical deviatoric stresses,axial strains,and shear e induced pore water pressures of mudstone geogrid-reinforced coarse-grained soil specimens are plotted in Fig.6.In determining the specimens’shear behaviour,the effects of geogrids are as evident as those of the conﬁning pressure.As shown in Fig.6,the S1group specimens exhibit a strain-softening trendTable3Basic physical parameters of weathered mudstone coarse-grained soil.Density/g/cm3Relative density/Dr Natural water content/%Optimum water content/%Fine particles liquid limit/%Fine particles plastic limit/%1.930.3117123215.9C.B.R.value at different compact degree MLR(Sulphate invading)/%Void ratio Saturation degree90%93%95%n(%)S r(%)39.645.547.0 1.57267.5Note:C.B.R.is the California Bearing Ratio Test.MLR is the Mass Loss Rate when sulphate corrosioninvade.Fig.4.Particle size distribution of weathered mudstone coarse-grained soil.X.Chen et al./Geotextiles and Geomembranes42(2014)312e328317under low con ﬁning pressures;however,the geogrid-reinforced specimens tend to undergo strain hardening,especially the S3group specimens.These experimental results show that the geogrid likely leads to strain hardening under shearing,and the magnitude of this strain hardening is possibly related to the extensile force applied to the geogrid.However,the geogrid ’s extensile force takes obvious effect until its strains accumulate to a suitable level.During shearing,the effect of the geogrid is not obvious when the total axial strain is less than 1%(εa <1%),and the shear curves are very close (as shown in Fig.6).The effect of geogrids becomes more obvious when the axial strain is larger than 1%(εa >1%).Under a con ﬁning pressure of 50kPa,when the shear strain reaches 5%,the shear force (s 1e s 3)reaches 153,195.3,214.4,and 233.1kPa,respectively,for the unreinforced specimen and specimens rein-forced with one,two,and three geogrid layers.The extensile force of the geogrid gradually contributes to the improvement of the reinforced specimens ’shear strength with an increase in the shear strain.Shear deformation leads to strain hardening as the con ﬁning pressure and number of reinforcing geogrid layers increase.Based on experimental data,εa vs.(s 1Às 3)/εa curves of the weathered mudstone coarse-grained soil specimens are plotted in Fig.7.The values of (s 1Às 3)/εa decrease with an increase in the axial strain,and the number of geogrid layers in ﬂuences the curves ’slopes as well as the con ﬁning pressure.The εa vs.(s 1Às 3)/εa curves for the unreinforced samples are linear,as shown in Fig.7(a),which suggests that these specimens ’shear behaviours potentially tend toward shear dilatancy and strain softening.With the presence of geogrid layers,εa vs.(s 1Às 3)/εa curves of the reinforced samples become nonlinear (Fig.7(c e d)).The nonlinear shapes of the curves indicate that the shear behaviour tends toward shear contractancy or strain hardening because of geogrid reinforcement.It is commonly accepted that the volume deformation of a specimen equals the volume of water drained from the specimen in the CD triaxial tests.Therefore,the volume deformation of spec-imen can be determined by measuring the volume of drained wa-ter.During the large-scale consolidated drained triaxial tests,the volume of drained water was measured.Therefore,the specimen ’s volume deformation was obtained indirectly,and the relationshipsTable 4Programs for mudstone coarse-grained soil in large-scale triaxial tests.Test methodSpecimen symbol Embedded geogridsDry density (g/cm 3)Con ﬁning pressure s 3/kPa (CU and CD)method outlined in Standard ASTM D3999-91S1group No geogrid1.8950,100,150,200S2group One layer of geogrid (30cm per layer)50,100,150,200S3group Two layers of geogrid (20cm per layer)50,100,150,200S4groupThree layers of geogrid (15cm per layer)50,100,150,200Table 5Critical stress conditions and residual pore water pressure during axial CU testing.Specimen group Load step s 3(kPa)s 1(kPa)s 1e s 3(kPa)Max pore water pressure u w (kPa)Failure shape description S1150156.2106.238.5Shear band 2100251.5151.539.5Shear band 3150309.4159.459.1Shear band 4200399.2199.263.8Middle bulge S2150186.4136.441.8Middle bulge 2100287.6187.642.3Shear band 3150381.0231.070.2Middle bulge 4200447.2247.273.5Middle bulge S3150231.0181.048.6Middle bulge 2100322.5222.559.2Middle bulge 3150411.5261.578.7Top bulge 4200478.3278.386.9eS4150261.5211.553.5Top bulge 2100360.5260.569.3Top bulge 3150434.1284.192.0Total bulge 4200500.0300.0105.2TopbulgeFig.5.Sketch of specimen failure shapes.X.Chen et al./Geotextiles and Geomembranes 42(2014)312e 328318。

市政专业知识学习材料

抗冲刷能力：水流经过某种土层时，会对土层造成破坏，土层抵抗水流破坏的能力，即为抗冲刷能力。

贫混凝土(Lean Concrete，简称LC)是由粗、细级配集料与一定水泥和水拌和而成的一种混凝土。

这种混凝土的水泥用量较普通混凝土低，有时也称经济混凝土(Econcrete) ,与水泥稳定碎石、二灰碎石等常用半刚性材料相比，具有较高的强度、刚度和整体性，抗冲刷、抗冻性、以及抗疲劳性能良好。

一般每立方砼为100～200kg,贫混凝土有湿贫混凝土、干贫混凝土和多孔贫混凝土三类无机结合料主要是指水泥、石灰、粉煤灰及其他工业废渣。

机结合料稳定层包括：1、水泥稳定土；2、石灰稳定土；3、石灰工业废渣稳定土p23碾压混凝土是一种干硬性贫水泥的混凝土，使用硅酸盐水泥、火山灰质掺和料、水、外加剂、砂和分级控制的粗骨料拌制成无塌落度的干硬性混凝土，采用与土石坝施工相同的运输及铺筑设备，用振动碾分层压实。

碾压混凝土坝既具有混凝土体积小、强度高、防渗性能好、坝身可溢流等特点，又具有土石坝施工程序简单、快速、经济、可使用大型通用机械的优点。

防水土工织物土工布，又称土工织物，它是由合成纤维通过针刺或编织而成的透水性土工合成材料。

成品为布状，一般宽度为4-6米，长度为50-100米。

土工布分为有纺土工布和无纺土工布。

土工布具有优秀的过滤、排水、隔离、加筋、防渗、防护作用，具有重量轻、抗拉强度高、渗透性好、耐高温、抗冷冻、耐老化、耐腐蚀的特性。

土工织物geotextile，geofabric 。

用合成纤维纺织或经胶结、热压针刺等无纺工艺制成的土木工程用卷材，也称土工纤维或土工薄膜。

连续配筋混凝土路面c ontinuous reinforced concrete pavement 面层内配置纵向连续钢筋和横向钢筋，横向不设缩缝的水泥混凝土路面。

传力杆【dowel bar】指的是沿水泥混凝土路面板横缝，每隔一定距离在板厚中央布置的圆钢筋。

谈桩承式路堤中土拱效应的研究现状

谈桩承式路堤中土拱效应的研究现状曾春梅;刘建强;郭瑞峰;刘彪;刘亚明【摘要】桩承式路堤具有稳定性好、经济效益高等特点,在国内外的实际工程中得到越来越广泛的应用.当桩承式路堤中的桩及桩帽作用于软土层时,桩间会形成土拱,因此桩承式路堤的设计必须考虑到土拱效应的作用.从理论研究、试验研究、数值模拟角度出发,对前人基于桩承式路堤中土拱效应的研究成果进行总结,提出研究展望,为今后土拱效应的研究提供参考.【期刊名称】《山西建筑》【年(卷),期】2019(045)007【总页数】3页(P156-158)【关键词】桩承式路堤;土拱效应;数值模拟【作者】曾春梅;刘建强;郭瑞峰;刘彪;刘亚明【作者单位】东华理工大学建筑工程学院,江西南昌 330013;东华理工大学建筑工程学院,江西南昌 330013;东华理工大学建筑工程学院,江西南昌 330013;东华理工大学建筑工程学院,江西南昌 330013;东华理工大学建筑工程学院,江西南昌330013【正文语种】中文【中图分类】TU416.120 引言土拱效应是通过土体抗剪强度的发挥而实现的用来描述应力转移的现象。

自Terzaghi[1]通过著名的Trapdoor试验证实了土拱效应的存在以来，土拱效应得到了岩土工程领域众多学者的广泛关注。

从提出土拱效应的存在到得出桩土荷载分担比的计算方法，再到揭示不同高度的路堤对桩承式路堤土拱形态的影响和荷载传递机制，学者们对土拱效应的研究取得极大进展。

如今，土拱理论广泛应用于隧道、边坡工程、桩承式路堤等领域，笔者则重点论述土拱效应在桩承式路堤中的研究现状。

桩承式路堤是利用刚性桩以及桩帽作用在软土层的一种地基处理方式，与天然路堤相比，桩承式路堤具有稳定性好、施工工期短、不均匀沉降小、经济效益高等特点，近年来在实际工程中得到越来越多的应用。

当桩承式路堤中的桩及桩帽作用于软土层时，桩间会形成土拱，土拱将应力传递至桩帽，因此桩承式路堤的设计必须考虑到土拱效应的作用。

土木工程专业英语下册总词汇表

1 土木工程专业英语（下册）总词汇表
附录 2. 总词汇表 Appendix 2. Vocabulary and Expressions （右边括号内的数字表示相应词所在单元序号） abhesive [b'hi: siv] n. 阻粘剂 aboveground [’bQvgraund] adj. 地面的,在世的; adv.在地面 abrasion [`breiV()n] n. 磨损 absurdity [b's:diti] n. 荒谬，愚蠢 abutment [E5bQtmEnt] n. 桥台，拱座 accentuate [k'sentjueit] v. 重读，强调，着重强调 accretion [’kri:∫n] n. 堆积 acronym [’krnim] n. (首字母)缩写词, 字首组合词 adhesion [d`hi:V()n] n. 粘附、粘着力、支持 adit ['dit] n. (水平)坑道，横坑道；坑道口，出入口；辅助巷道，平洞 adobe ['dubi, 'dub] n. 砖坯，土砖 aeration [ε`r e i F n ] n. 通气、饱气 aeration zone: 饱气带 aerodynamic [Z[rdai5nAmik] a. 空气动力的，空气动力学的 aeroelastic vibration 气动弹性振动 affinity ['finiti] n. 相似,亲和性,化合性 aggregation [gri'geiFn] n. 聚集,聚集体 alidade ['lideid] n. 视准仪,测高仪,照准仪 allocate ['lkeit] vt. 分派, 分配 allotment [E’lCtmEnt] n. 分配 alluvial [’lu:vil] adj. 冲击的 alluvial fan 冲积扇 altimeter ['ltimi:t] n. 测高计, 高度计 anaerobic [nei`rubik ] adj. 厌氧的 analogy ['nældVi] n. 相似，模[比]拟 anchor [5ANkE] v. 锚固，固定 aneroid ['nrCid] n. 无液气压表 anticlastic [ænti`klæstik] adj. 反向的、鞍形面的 F approach [5prut ] n. 进路，引桥 aqueous ['eikwis] adj. 水成的,含水的 arch ring 拱圈 areal [`εr i l ] a d j . 区域的、区域分布的 arterial [a:'tiril] adj. 主干的，干线的；干道的；动脉的 artificial feature 人工地物，人文要素 ashlar ['Fl] n. 琢石, 方石堆；装饰屋内墙面的石板 asphalt [’ sflt] n.沥青,柏油 vt.涂沥青 assay ['sei] n. vt. 试金,矿物分析,化验 assimilate ['simileit] v. 接受，吸收 assure ['Fu] vt. 确定，确认 at a premium 很受重视，非常珍贵 atrium [’eitrim] n.(pl. atria)天井,前庭 auger boring 螺旋钻探 availability [veil'biliti] n. 可用性，有效性 azimuth ['zimθ] n. 方位,方位角,地平经度 backfilling ['bækfiliN] vt.；n . 回填 balanced cantilever construction 平衡悬臂施工法 (3) (6) (2) (1) (9) (3) (14) (6) (2) (8) (3) (5) (5) (9) (9) (5) (5) (16) (11) (18) (14) (14) (16) (5) (1) (9) (16) (2) (9) (5) (9) (5) (12) (15) (3) (6) (5) (1) (13) (10) (6) (7) (13) (16) (13) (10)

岩土工程中英文词汇对照

岩土工程中英文词汇对照来源：刘燚龙[Jet]的日志一. 综合类1.geotechnical engineering岩土工程2.foundation engineering基础工程3.soil, earth土4.soil mechanics土力学cyclic loading周期荷载unloading卸载reloading再加载viscoelastic foundation粘弹性地基viscous damping粘滞阻尼shear modulus剪切模量5.soil dynamics土动力学6.stress path应力路径7.numerical geotechanics 数值岩土力学二. 土的分类1.residual soil残积土 groundwater level地下水位2.groundwater 地下水groundwater table地下水位3.clay minerals粘土矿物4.secondary minerals次生矿物ndslides滑坡6.bore hole columnar section钻孔柱状图7.engineering geologic investigation工程地质勘察8.boulder漂石9.cobble卵石10.gravel砂石11.gravelly sand砾砂12.coarse sand粗砂13.medium sand中砂14.fine sand细砂15.silty sand粉土16.clayey soil粘性土17.clay粘土18.silty clay粉质粘土19.silt粉土20.sandy silt砂质粉土21.clayey silt粘质粉土22.saturated soil饱和土23.unsaturated soil非饱和土24.fill (soil)填土25.overconsolidated soil超固结土26.normally consolidated soil正常固结土27.underconsolidated soil欠固结土28.zonal soil区域性土29.soft clay软粘土30.expansive (swelling) soil膨胀土31.peat泥炭32.loess黄土33.frozen soil冻土三. 土的基本物理力学性质 compression index2.cu undrained shear strength3.cu/p0 ratio of undrained strength cu to effective overburden stress p0(cu/p0)NC ,(cu/p0)oc subscripts NC and OC designated normally consolidated and overco nsolidated, respectively4.cvane cohesive strength from vane test5.e0 natural void ratio6.Ip plasticity index7.K0 coefficient of “at-rest ”pressure ,for total stressesσ1andσ28.K0’ domain for effective stressesσ1‘andσ2’9.K0n K0 for normally consolidated state10.K0u K0 coefficient under rapid continuous loading ,simulating instantaneous loading o r an undrained condition11.K0d K0 coefficient under cyclic loading(frequency less than 1Hz),as a pseudo- dynamic test for K0 coefficient12.kh ,kv permeability in horizontal and vertical directions, respectively13.N blow count, standard penetration test14.OCR over-consolidation ratio15.pc preconsolidation pressure ,from oedemeter test16.p0 effective overburden pressure17.p s specific cone penetration resistance, from static cone test18.qu unconfined compressive strength19.U, Um degree of consolidation ,subscript m denotes mean value of a specimen20.u ,ub ,um pore (water) pressure, subscripts b and m denote bottom of specimen and mean value, respectively21.w0 wL wp natural water content, liquid and plastic limits, respectively22.σ1,σ2 principal stresses, σ1‘andσ2’ denote effective principal stresses23.Atterberg limits阿太堡界限24.degree of saturation饱和度25.dry unit weight干重度26.moist unit weight湿重度27.saturated unit weight饱和重度28.effective unit weight有效重度29.density密度pactness密实度31.maximum dry density最大干密度32.optimum water content最优含水量33.three phase diagram三相图34.tri-phase soil三相土35.soil fraction粒组36.sieve analysis筛分37.hydrometer analysis比重计分析38.uniformity coefficient不均匀系数39.coefficient of gradation级配系数40.fine-grained soil(silty and clayey)细粒土41.coarse- grained soil(gravelly and sandy)粗粒土42.Unified soil classification system土的统一分类系统43.ASCE=American Society of Civil Engineer美国土木工程师学会44.AASHTO= American Association State Highway Officials美国州公路官员协会45.ISSMGE=International Society for Soil Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering 国际土力学与岩土工程学会四. 渗透性和渗流1.Darcy’s law 达西定律2.piping管涌3.flowing soil流土4.sand boiling砂沸5.flow net流网6.seepage渗透（流）7.leakage渗流8.seepage pressure渗透压力9.permeability渗透性10.seepage force渗透力11.hydraulic gradient水力梯度12.coefficient of permeability渗透系数五. 地基应力和变形1.soft soil软土2.(negative) skin friction of driven pile打入桩（负）摩阻力3.effective stress有效应力4.total stress总应力5.field vane shear strength十字板抗剪强度6.low activity低活性7.sensitivity灵敏度8.triaxial test三轴试验9.foundation design基础设计10.recompaction再压缩11.bearing capacity承载力12.soil mass土体13.contact stress (pressure)接触应力（压力）14.concentrated load集中荷载15.a semi-infinite elastic solid半无限弹性体16.homogeneous均质17.isotropic各向同性18.strip footing条基19.square spread footing方形独立基础20.underlying soil (stratum ,strata)下卧层（土）21.dead load =sustained load恒载持续荷载22.live load活载23.short –term transient load短期瞬时荷载24.long-term transient load长期荷载25.reduced load折算荷载26.settlement沉降27.deformation变形28.casing套管29.dike=dyke堤（防）30.clay fraction粘粒粒组31.physical properties物理性质32.subgrade路基33.well-graded soil级配良好土34.poorly-graded soil级配不良土35.normal stresses正应力36.shear stresses剪应力37.principal plane主平面38.major (intermediate, minor) principal stress最大（中、最小）主应力39.Mohr-Coulomb failure condition摩尔-库仑破坏条件40.FEM=finite element method有限元法41.limit equilibrium method极限平衡法42.pore water pressure孔隙水压力43.preconsolidation pressure先期固结压力44.modulus of compressibility压缩模量45.coefficent of compressibility压缩系数pression index压缩指数47.swelling index回弹指数48.geostatic stress自重应力49.additional stress附加应力50.total stress总应力51.final settlement最终沉降52.slip line滑动线六. 基坑开挖与降水1 excavation开挖（挖方）2 dewatering（基坑）降水3 failure of foundation基坑失稳4 bracing of foundation pit基坑围护5 bottom heave=basal heave （基坑）底隆起6 retaining wall挡土墙7 pore-pressure distribution孔压分布8 dewatering method降低地下水位法9 well point system井点系统（轻型）10 deep well point深井点11 vacuum well point真空井点12 braced cuts支撑围护13 braced excavation支撑开挖14 braced sheeting支撑挡板七. 深基础--deep foundation1.pile foundation桩基础1)cast –in-place灌注桩diving casting cast-in-place pile沉管灌注桩bored pile钻孔桩special-shaped cast-in-place pile机控异型灌注桩piles set into rock嵌岩灌注桩rammed bulb pile夯扩桩2)belled pier foundation钻孔墩基础drilled-pier foundation钻孔扩底墩under-reamed bored pier3)precast concrete pile预制混凝土桩4)steel pile钢桩steel pipe pile钢管桩steel sheet pile钢板桩5)prestressed concrete pile预应力混凝土桩prestressed concrete pipe pile预应力混凝土管桩2.caisson foundation沉井（箱）3.diaphragm wall地下连续墙截水墙4.friction pile摩擦桩5.end-bearing pile端承桩6.shaft竖井；桩身7.wave equation analysis波动方程分析8.pile caps承台（桩帽）9.bearing capacity of single pile单桩承载力teral pile load test单桩横向载荷试验11.ultimate lateral resistance of single pile单桩横向极限承载力12.static load test of pile单桩竖向静荷载试验13.vertical allowable load capacity单桩竖向容许承载力14.low pile cap低桩承台15.high-rise pile cap高桩承台16.vertical ultimate uplift resistance of single pile单桩抗拔极限承载力17.silent piling静力压桩18.uplift pile抗拔桩19.anti-slide pile抗滑桩20.pile groups群桩21.efficiency factor of pile groups群桩效率系数（η）22.efficiency of pile groups群桩效应23.dynamic pile testing桩基动测技术24.final set最后贯入度25.dynamic load test of pile桩动荷载试验26.pile integrity test桩的完整性试验27.pile head=butt桩头28.pile tip=pile point=pile toe桩端（头）29.pile spacing桩距30.pile plan桩位布置图31.arrangement of piles =pile layout桩的布置32.group action群桩作用33.end bearing=tip resistance桩端阻34.skin(side) friction=shaft resistance桩侧阻35.pile cushion桩垫36.pile driving(by vibration) （振动）打桩37.pile pulling test拔桩试验38.pile shoe桩靴39.pile noise打桩噪音40.pile rig打桩机八. 地基处理--ground treatment1.technical code for ground treatment of building建筑地基处理技术规范2.cushion垫层法3.preloading预压法4.dynamic compaction强夯法5.dynamic compaction replacement强夯置换法6.vibroflotation method振冲法7.sand-gravel pile砂石桩8.gravel pile(stone column)碎石桩9.cement-flyash-gravel pile(CFG)水泥粉煤灰碎石桩10.cement mixing method水泥土搅拌桩11.cement column水泥桩12.lime pile (lime column)石灰桩13.jet grouting高压喷射注浆法14.rammed-cement-soil pile夯实水泥土桩法15.lime-soil compaction pile 灰土挤密桩lime-soil compacted column灰土挤密桩lime soil pile灰土挤密桩16.chemical stabilization化学加固法17.surface compaction表层压实法18.surcharge preloading超载预压法19.vacuum preloading真空预压法20.sand wick袋装砂井21.geofabric ,geotextile土工织物posite foundation复合地基23.reinforcement method加筋法24.dewatering method降低地下水固结法25.freezing and heating冷热处理法26.expansive ground treatment膨胀土地基处理27.ground treatment in mountain area山区地基处理28.collapsible loess treatment湿陷性黄土地基处理29.artificial foundation人工地基30.natural foundation天然地基31.pillow褥垫32.soft clay ground软土地基33.sand drain砂井34.root pile树根桩35.plastic drain塑料排水带36.replacement ratio（复合地基）置换率九. 固结consolidation1.Terzzaghi’s consolidation theory太沙基固结理论2.Barraon’s consolidation theory巴隆固结理论3.Biot’s consolidation theory比奥固结理论4.over consolidation ration (OCR)超固结比5.overconsolidation soil超固结土6.excess pore water pressure超孔压力7.multi-dimensional consolidation多维固结8.one-dimensional consolidation一维固结9.primary consolidation主固结10.secondary consolidation次固结11.degree of consolidation固结度12.consolidation test固结试验13.consolidation curve固结曲线14.time factor Tv时间因子15.coefficient of consolidation固结系数16.preconsolidation pressure前期固结压力17.principle of effective stress有效应力原理18.consolidation under K0 condition K0固结十. 抗剪强度shear strength1.undrained shear strength不排水抗剪强度2.residual strength残余强度3.long-term strength长期强度4.peak strength峰值强度5.shear strain rate剪切应变速率6.dilatation剪胀7.effective stress approach of shear strength 剪胀抗剪强度有效应力法8.total stress approach of shear strength抗剪强度总应力法9.Mohr-Coulomb theory莫尔－库仑理论10.angle of internal friction内摩擦角11.cohesion粘聚力12.failure criterion破坏准则13.vane strength十字板抗剪强度14.unconfined compression无侧限抗压强度15.effective stress failure envelop有效应力破坏包线16.effective stress strength parameter有效应力强度参数十一. 本构模型--constitutive model1.elastic model弹性模型2.nonlinear elastic model非线性弹性模型3.elastoplastic model弹塑性模型4.viscoelastic model粘弹性模型5.boundary surface model边界面模型6.Duncan-Chang model邓肯－张模型7.rigid plastic model刚塑性模型8.cap model盖帽模型9.work softening加工软化10.work hardening加工硬化11.Cambridge model剑桥模型12.ideal elastoplastic model理想弹塑性模型13.Mohr-Coulomb yield criterion莫尔－库仑屈服准则14.yield surface屈服面15.elastic half-space foundation model弹性半空间地基模型16.elastic modulus弹性模量17.Winkler foundation model文克尔地基模型十二. 地基承载力--bearing capacity of foundation soil1.punching shear failure冲剪破坏2.general shear failure整体剪切破化3.local shear failure局部剪切破坏4.state of limit equilibrium极限平衡状态5.critical edge pressure临塑荷载6.stability of foundation soil地基稳定性7.ultimate bearing capacity of foundation soil地基极限承载力8.allowable bearing capacity of foundation soil地基容许承载力十三. 土压力--earth pressure1.active earth pressure主动土压力2.passive earth pressure被动土压力3.earth pressure at rest静止土压力4.Coulomb’s earth pressure theory库仑土压力理论5.Rankine’s earth pressure theory朗金土压力理论十四. 土坡稳定分析--slope stability analysis1.angle of repose休止角2.Bishop method毕肖普法3.safety factor of slope边坡稳定安全系数4.Fellenius method of slices费纽伦斯条分法5.Swedish circle method瑞典圆弧滑动法6.slices method条分法十五. 挡土墙--retaining wall1.stability of retaining wall挡土墙稳定性2.foundation wall基础墙3.counter retaining wall扶壁式挡土墙4.cantilever retaining wall悬臂式挡土墙5.cantilever sheet pile wall悬臂式板桩墙6.gravity retaining wall重力式挡土墙7.anchored plate retaining wall锚定板挡土墙8.anchored sheet pile wall锚定板板桩墙十六. 板桩结构物--sheet pile structure1.steel sheet pile钢板桩2.reinforced concrete sheet pile钢筋混凝土板桩3.steel piles钢桩4.wooden sheet pile木板桩5.timber piles木桩十七. 浅基础--shallow foundation1.box foundation箱型基础2.mat(raft) foundation片筏基础3.strip foundation条形基础4.spread footing扩展基础pensated foundation补偿性基础6.bearing stratum持力层7.rigid foundation刚性基础8.flexible foundation柔性基础9.embedded depth of foundation基础埋置深度 foundation pressure基底附加应力11.structure-foundation-soil interaction analysis上部结构－基础－地基共同作用分析十八. 土的动力性质--dynamic properties of soils1.dynamic strength of soils动强度2.wave velocity method波速法3.material damping材料阻尼4.geometric damping几何阻尼5.damping ratio阻尼比6.initial liquefaction初始液化7.natural period of soil site地基固有周期8.dynamic shear modulus of soils动剪切模量9.dynamic magnification factor动力放大因素10.liquefaction strength抗液化强度11.dimensionless frequency无量纲频率12.evaluation of liquefaction液化势评价13.stress wave in soils土中应力波14.dynamic settlement振陷（动沉降）十九. 动力机器基础1.equivalent lumped parameter method等效集总参数法2.dynamic subgrade reaction method动基床反力法3.vibration isolation隔振4.foundation vibration基础振动5.elastic half-space theory of foundation vibration基础振动弹性半空间理论6.allowable amplitude of foundation基础振动容许振幅7.natural frequency of foundation基础自振频率二十. 地基基础抗震1.earthquake engineering地震工程2.soil dynamics土动力学3.duration of earthquake地震持续时间4.earthquake response spectrum地震反应谱5.earthquake intensity地震烈度6.earthquake magnitude震级7.seismic predominant period地震卓越周期8.maximum acceleration of earthquake地震最大加速度二十一. 室内土工实验1.high pressure consolidation test高压固结试验2.consolidation under K0 condition。

道路工程英语

英汉术语对照索引abrasiveness 磨耗度absolute datum 绝对基面abutment 桥台abutment pier制动墩acceleration lane加速车道accidental load 偶然荷载accommodation lane 专用车道acoustic barrier 隔音墙acting circles of blasting 爆破作用圈additional stake 加桩adjacent curve in one direction 同向曲线admixture 外加剂admixture 反坡安全线aerial photogrammetry 航空摄影测量aerophoto base 航摄基线aerophoto interpretation 航摄像片判读ageing 老化aggregate 集料(骨料)air hardining 气硬性alignment design (城市道路)平面设计，线形设计alignment element 线形要素alligator cracking 路面龟裂allowable rebound deflection 容许(回弹)弯沉alternative line 比较线anchored bulkhead abutment 锚锭板式桥台anchored bulkhead abutment 锚锭板式挡土墙anchored retaining wall 锚杆式挡土墙anionic emulsified bitumen 阴离子乳化沥青annual average daily traffic 年平均日交通量anti-creep heap (厂矿道路)挡车堆anti-dizzling screen 防炫屏(遮光栅)antiskid heap (厂矿道路)防滑堆approach span 引桥aquitard 隔水层arch bridge 拱桥arch culvert 拱涵arch ring 拱圈arterial highway 干线公路arterial road (厂内)主干道，(城市)主干路asphalt distributor 沥青洒布车asphalt mixing plant 沥青混合料拌和设备asphalt remixer 沥青混合料摊铺机asphalt remixer 复拌沥青混合料摊铺机asphalt sand 沥青砂asphalt sprayer 沥青洒布机asphaltic bitumen 地沥青at-grade intersection 平面交叉auxiliary lane 附加车道average consistency (of soil) 土的)平均稠度average gradient 平均纵坡aximuth angle 方位角balance weight retaining wall 衡重式挡土墙base course 基层base line 基线basic traffic capacity 基本通行能力beam bridge 梁桥beam level deflectometer 杠杆弯沉仪bearing 支座bearing angle 象限角bearing pile 支承桩bearing platform 承台bed course 垫层bench mark 水准点benched subgrade 台口式路基bending strength 抗弯强度Benkelman beam 杠杆弯沉仪(贝克曼弯沉仪)bent cap 盖梁berm 护坡道binder 结合料binder course 联结层bitumen 沥青bitumen (沥青混合料)抽提仪bitumen-aggregate ratio 油石比bituminous concrete pavement 沥青混凝土混合料bituminous concrete mixture 沥青混凝土路面bituminous concrete moxture 沥青碎石混合料bituminous macadam pavement 沥青碎石路面bituminous moxture 沥青混合料bituminous pavement 沥青路面bituminous penetration pavement 沥青贯入式路面biuminous surface treatment (沥青)表面处治blasting crater 爆破漏斗blastion for loosening rock 松动爆破blasting for throwing rock 抛掷爆破blasting procedure 土石方爆破bleeding 泛油blind ditch 盲沟blind drain 盲沟block pavement 块料路面block stone 块石blow up 拱胀boring 钻探boring log (道路)地质柱状图boring machine 钻孔机borrow earth 借土borrow pit 取土坑boundary frame on crossing 道口限界架boundary frame on road 道路限界架boundary line of road construction 道路建筑限界bowstring arch bridge 系杆拱桥box culvert 箱涵branch pipe of inlet 雨水口支管branch road (城市)支路，(厂内)支道bridge 桥梁bridge decking 桥面系bridge deck pavement 桥面铺装bridge floor expantion and contraction installation traction installation 桥面伸缩装置bridge gerder erection equpment 架桥机bridge on slope 坡桥bridge site 桥位bridle road 驮道broken chainage 断链broken stone 碎石broken back curve 断背曲线buried abutment 埋置式桥台bus bay 公交(车辆)停靠站bypass 绕行公路cable bent tower 索塔cable saddle 索鞍cable stayed bridge 斜拉桥(斜张桥)Cableway erecting equipment 缆索吊装设备California bearing ratio (CBR) 加州承载比(CBR)California bearing ratio tester 加州承载比(CBR)测定仪camber cruve 路拱曲线cantilever beam bridge 悬臂梁桥cantilever beam bridge 悬臂式挡土墙capacity of intersection 交叉口通行能力capacity of network 路网通行能力capillary water 毛细水carriage way 车行道(行车道)cast-in-place cantilever method 悬臂浇筑法cationic emulsified bitumen 阳离子乳化沥青cattle-pass 畜力车道cement concrete 水泥混凝土cemint concrete pavement 水泥混凝土混合料cement concrete pavement 水泥混凝土路面center-island 中心岛center lane 中间车道center line of raod 道路中线center line survey 中线测量center stake 中桩central reserve 分隔带channelization 渠化交通shannelization island 导流岛channelized intrersection 分道转弯式交叉口chip 石屑chute 急流槽circular curve 圆曲线circular curve 环路circular test 环道试验city road 城市道路civil engineering fabric 土工织物classified highway 等级公路classified highway 等级道路clay-bound macadam泥结碎石路面clearance 净空clearance above bridge floor 桥面净空clearce of span 桥下净空climatic zoning for highway 公路自然区划climbing lane 爬坡车道cloverleaf interchange苜蓿叶形立体交叉coal tar 煤沥青cobble stone 卵石coefficient of scouring 冲刷系数cohesive soil 粘性土cold laid method 冷铺法cold mixing method 冷拌法cold-stretched steel bar 冷拉钢筋column pier柱式墩combination-type road system 混合式道路系统compaction 压实compaction test 击实试验compaction test apparatus 击实仪compactmess test 压实度试验composite beam bridge 联合梁桥composite pipe line 综合管道(综合管廊)compound curve 复曲线concave vertical curve 凹形竖曲线concrete joint cleaner (水泥混凝土)路面清缝机concrete joint sealer (水泥混凝土)路面填缝机concrete mixing plant 水泥混凝土(混合料)拌和设备concrete paver 水泥混凝土(混合料)摊铺机concrete pump 水泥混凝土(混合料)泵concrete saw (水泥混凝土)路面锯缝机附录英汉术语对照索引cone penetrantion test 触探试onflict point 冲突点conical slope 锥坡consistency limit (of soil) (土的)稠度界限consolidated subsoil 加固地基consolidation 固结construction by swing 转体架桥法construction height of bridge 桥梁建筑高度construction joint 施工缝construction load 施工荷载construction survey 施工测量continuous beam bridge 连续梁桥contourline 等高线contraction joint 缩缝control point 路线控制点converging 合流convex vertining wall 凸形竖曲线corduroy road 木排道counterfout retaining wall 扶壁式挡土墙counterfort abutmen 扶壁式桥台country road 乡村道路county road 县公路(县道)，乡道creep 徐变critical speed 临界速度cross roads 十字形交叉cross slope 横坡cross walk 人行横道cross-sectional profile 横断面图cross-sectional survey 横断面测量crown 路拱crushed stone 碎石crushing strength 压碎值culture 地物culvert 涵洞curb 路缘石curb side strip 路侧带curve length 曲线长curve widening 平曲线加宽curved bridge 弯桥cut 挖方cut corner for sight line (路口)截角cut-fill transition 土方调配cut-fill transition 土方调配图cutting 路堑cycle path 自行车道cycle track 自行车道deceleration lane 减速车道deck bridge 上承式桥deflection angle 偏角deflection test 弯沉试验degree of compaction 压实度delay 延误density of road network 道路（网）密度edpth of tunnel 隧道埋深edsign elevation of subgrade 路基设计高程design frequency (排水)设计重现期edsign hourly volume 设计小时交通量design of evevation (城市道路)竖向设计design of vertical alignment 纵断面设计design speed 计算行车速度(设计车速)design traffic capacity 设计通行能力design vehicle 设计车辆design water level 设计水位desiged dldvation 设计高程designed flood frequency 设计洪水频率deslicking treatment 防滑处理Deval abrasion testion machine 狄法尔磨耗试验机（双筒式磨耗试验机）diamond interchange 菱形立体交叉differential photo 微分法测图direction angle 方向角directional interchange 定向式立体交叉diverging 分流dowel bar 传力杆drain opening 泄水口drainage by pumping station (立体交叉)泵站排水drainage ditch 排水沟dressed stone 料石drop water 跌水dry concrtet 干硬性混凝土ductility (of bitumen) (沥青)延度ductilometer (沥青)延度仪dummy joint 假缝dynamic consolidation 强夯法economic speed 经济车速econnomical hauling distance 土方调配经济运距element support 构件支撑elevation 高程(标高)embankment 路堤emergency parking strip 紧急停车带emulsified bitumen 乳化沥青erecting by floating 浮运架桥法erection by longitudinal pulling method 纵向拖拉法erection by protrusion 悬臂拼装法erection with cableway 缆索吊装法evaporation pond 蒸发池expansion bearing 活动支座expansive soil 膨胀土expantion joint 胀缝expressway (城市)快速路external destance 外(矢)距fabricated bridge 装配式桥fabricated steel bridge 装拆式钢桥factories and mines road 厂矿道路factory external transportation line 对外道路factory-in road 厂内道路factory-out road 厂外道路fast lane 内侧车道faulting of slab ends 错台feeder highway 支线公路ferry 渡口fibrous concrete 纤维混凝土field of viaion 视野fill 填方filled spandrel arch bridge 实腹拱桥final survey 竣工测量fineness 细度fineness modulus 细度模数fixed bearing 固定支座flare wing wall abutment 八字形桥台flared intersection 拓宽路口式交叉口flash 闪点flash point tester (open cup method) 闪点仪(开口杯式)flexible pavement 柔性路面flexible pier 柔性墩floor system 桥面系flush curb 平缘石foot way 人行道ford 过水路面forest highway 林区公路forest road 林区道路foundation 基础free style road system 自由式道路系统free way 高速公路free-flow speed 自由车速freeze road 冻板道路freezing and thawing test 冻融试验frost boiling 翻浆frozen soil 冻土full depth asphalt pavement 全厚式沥青(混凝土)路面function planting 功能栽植general scour under bridge opening桥下一般冲刷geological section (道路)地质剖面图geotextile 土工织物gradation 级配gradation of stone (路用)石料等级grade change point 变坡点grade compensation 纵坡折减grade crossing 平面交叉grade length limitation 坡长限制grade of side slope 边坡坡度grade separation 简单立体交叉grade-separated junction 立体交叉graded aggregate pavement 级配路面brader 平地机grain composition 颗粒组成granular material 粒料gravel 砾石gravity pier (abutment) 重力式墩、台gravity retaining wall 重力式挡土墙green belt 绿化带gridiron road system 棋盘式道路系统ground control-point survey 地面控制点测量ground elevation 地面高程ground stereophotogrammetry 地面立体摄影测量guard post 标柱guard rail 护栏guard wall 护墙gully 雨水口gutter 街沟(偏沟)gutter apron 平石gutter drainage 渠道排水half-through bridge 中承式桥hard shoulder 硬路肩hardening 硬化hardness 硬度haul road 运材道路heavy maintenance 大修hectometer stake 百米桩hedge 绿篱height of cut and fill at ceneter stake 中桩填挖高度high strength bolt 高强螺栓high type pavement 高级路面highway 公路highway landscape design 公路景观设计hill-side line 山坡线(山腰线)hilly terrain 重丘区horizontal alignment 平面线形horizontal curve 平曲线hot laid method 热铺法hot mixing method 热拌法hot stability (of bitumen) (沥青)热稳性hydraulic computation 水力计算hydraulic computation 水硬性imaginary intersection point 虚交点immersed tunnelling method 沉埋法inbound traffic 入境交通incremental launching method 顶推法industrial district road 工业区道路industrial solid waste (路用)工业废渣industrial waste base course 工业废渣基层inlet 雨水口inlet submerged culvert 半压力式涵洞inlet unsubmerged culvert 无压力式涵洞inorganic binder 无机结合料instrument station 测站intensity of rainstorm 暴雨强度intercepting detch 截水沟interchange 互通式立体交叉interchange woth special bicycle track 分隔式立体交叉intermediate maintenance 中修intermediate type pavement 中级路面intersection (平面)交叉口intersection angle 交叉角，转角intersection entrance 交叉口进口intersection exit 交叉口出口intersection plan 交叉口平面图intersection point 交点intersection with widened corners 加宽转角式交叉口jack-in method 顶入法kilometer stone 里程碑land slide 坍方lane 车道lane-width 车道宽度lateral clear distance of curve (平曲线)横净距lay-by 紧急停车带level of service 道路服务水平leveling course 整平层leveling survey 水准测量light-weight concrete 轻质混凝土lighting facilities of road 道路照明设施lime pile 石灰桩line development 展线linking-up road 联络线，连接道路liquid asphaltic bitumen 液体沥青liquid limit 液限living fence 绿篱load 荷载loading berm 反压护道lading combinations 荷载组合loading plate 承载板lading platetest 承载板试验local scour near pier 桥墩局部冲刷local traffic 境内交通location of line 定线location survey 定测lock bolt support woth shotcrete 喷锚支护loess 黄土longitudinal beam 纵梁longitudinal gradient 纵坡longitudinal joint 纵缝loop ramp 环形匝道Los Angeles abrasion testion machine 洛杉矶磨耗试验机machine (搁板式磨耗试验机)low rype pavement 低级路面main beam 主梁main bridge 主桥maintenance 养护maintenance period 大中修周期manhole 检查井marginal strip 路缘带marshall stability apparatus 马歇尔稳定度仪Marshall stability test 马歇尔试验masonry bridge 圬工桥maximum annual hourly volume 年最大小时交通量maximum dry unit weight (标准)最大干密度maximum longitudinal gradient 最大纵坡mine tunnelling method 矿山法mineral aggregate 矿料mineral powder 矿粉mini-roundabout 微形环交minimum height of fill (路基)最小填土高度minimum longitudinal gradient 最小纵坡minimum radius of horizontal curve 最小平曲线半径minimum turning radius 汽车最小转弯半径mixed traffic 混合交通mixing method 拌和法mixture 混合料model split 交通方式划分modulus of elasticity 弹性模量modulus of resilience 回弹模量modulus ratio 模量比monthly average daily traffic 月平均日交通量motor way 高速公路mountainous terrain 山岭区movable bridge 开启桥mud 淤泥multiple-leg intersection 多岔交叉mational trunk highway 国家干线公路(国道)matural asphalt 天然沥青natural scour 自然演变冲刷natural subsoil 天然地基navigable water level 通航水位nearside lane 外侧车道net-shaped cracking 路面网裂New Austrian Tunnelling Method 新奥法observation point 测点one-way ramp 单向匝道open cut method 明挖法open cut tunnel 明洞open spandrel arch bridge 空腹拱桥opencast mine road 露天矿山道路operating speed 运行速度iptimum gradation 最佳级配iptimum moisture conter 最佳含水量optimum speed 临界速度organic binder 有机结合料origin-destination study起迄点调查outbound traffic 出境交通outlet submerged culvert 压力式涵洞outlet inlet main road 城市出入干道overall speed 区间速度overlay of pavement 罩面overpass grade separation 上跨铁路立体交叉overtaking lane 超车车道overtaking sight distance 超车视距paper location 纸上定线paraffin content test 含蜡量试验parent soil 原状土parking lane 停车车道parking lot 停车场parking station 公交(车辆)停靠站part out-part fill subgrade 半填半挖式路基pass 垭口passing bay 错车道patrol maintenance 巡回养护paved crosing 道口铺面pavement 路面pavement pression 路面沉陷pavement recapping 路面翻修pavement slab pumping 路面板唧泥pavement spalling 路面碎裂pavemengthening 路面补强pavement structure layer 路面结构层附录英汉术语对照索引pavemill 路面铣削机(刨路机)peak hourly volume 高峰小时交通量pedestrian overcrossing 人行天桥pedestrian underpass 人行地道penetration macadam with coated chips 上拌下贯式(沥青)chips 路面penetration method 贯入法penetration test apparatus 长杆贯入仪penetration (of bitumen) (沥青)针入度penetrometer (沥青)针入度仪periodical maintenance 定期养护permaf rost 多年冻土permanent load 永久荷载perviousness test 透水度试验petroleum asphaltic bitumen 石油沥青photo index 像片索引图(镶辑复照图)photo mosaic 像片镶嵌图photogrammetry 摄影测量photographic map 影像地图pier 桥墩pile and pland retaining wall 柱板式挡土墙pile bent pier 排架桩墩pile driver 打桩机pipe culvert 管涵pipe drainage 管道排水pit test 坑探pitching method 铺砌法plain stage of slope 边坡平台plain terrain 平原区plan view (路线)平面图plane design (城市道路)平面设计plane sketch (道路)平面示意图planimetric photo 综合法测图plant mixing method 厂拌法plasticity index 塑限plasticity index 塑性指数poisson’s ratio 泊松比polished stone value 石料磨光值pontoon bridge 浮桥porosity 空隙率porotable pendulum tester 摆式仪possible traffic capacity 可能通行能力post-tensioning method 后张法pot holes 路面坑槽preliminary survey 初测preloading method 预压法prestressed concrete 预应力混凝土prestressed concrete bridge 预应力混凝土桥prestresed steel bar drawing jack 张拉预应力钢筋千斤顶pretensioning method 先张法prime coat 透层productive arterial road 生产干线productive branch road 生产支线profile design 纵断面设计profilometer 路面平整度测定仪proportioning of cement concrete 水泥混凝土配合比protection forest fire-proof road 护林防火道路provincial trunk highway 省干线公路(省道)railroad grade crossing (铁路)道口ramp 匝道rebound deflection 回弹弯沉reclaimed asphalt mixture 再生沥青混合料reclaimed bituminous pavement 再生沥青路面reconnaissance 踏勘red clay 红粘土reference stake 护桩referencion crack 反射裂缝refuge island 安全岛regulating structure 调治构造物reinforced concrete 钢筋混凝土reinforced concrete bridge 钢筋混凝土桥reinforced concrete pavement 钢筋混凝土路面reinforced earth retaining wall 加筋土挡土墙relative moisture content (of soil) (土的)相对含水量relief road 辅道residential street 居住区道路resultant gradient 合成坡度retaining wall 挡土墙revelling of pavement 路面松散reverse curve 反向曲线reverse loop 回头曲线ridge crossing line 越岭线ridge line 山脊线right bridge 正交桥right bridge 正桥rigid frame bridge 刚构桥rigid pavement 刚性路面rigid-type base 刚性基层ring and radial road system 环形辐射式道路系统ripper 松土机riprap 抛石road 道路road alignment 道路线形road appearance 路容road eara per sitizen (城市)人均道路面积road area ratio (城市)道路面积率road axis 道路轴线road bed 路床road bitumen 路用沥青road condition 路况road condition survey 路况调查road crossing (平面)交叉口road crossing design 交叉口设计road engineering 道路工程road feasibility study (道路工程)可行性研究road improvement 改善工程road intersection 道路交叉(路线交叉)road mixing method 路拌法road netword 道路网road network planning 道路网规划road planting 道路绿化road project (道路工程)方案图road trough 路槽road way 路幅rock breaker 凿岩机rock filled gabion 石笼roller 压路机rolled cementoncerete 碾压式水泥混凝土rolling terrain 微丘区rotary interchage 环形立体交叉rotary intersection 环形交叉roundabout 环形交叉route development 展线rout of road 道路路线route selection 选线routine maintenance 小修保养rubble 片石running speed 行驶速度rural road 郊区道路saddle back 垭口safety belt 安全带safety fence 防护栅salty soil 盐渍土sand 砂sanddrain (sand pile) 砂井sand gravel 砂砾sand hazard 沙害sand mat of subgrade 排水砂垫层sand patch test 铺砂试验sand pile 砂桩sand protection facilities 防沙设施sand ratio 砂率sandsweeping 回砂sand sweeping equipment 回砂机sandy soil 砂性土saturated soil 饱和土scraper 铲运机seal coat 封层secondary trunk road (厂内)次干道，(城市)次干路seepage well 渗水井segregation 离析semi-rigid type base 半刚性基层separate facilties 分隔设施separator 分隔带sheep-foot roll 羊足压路机(羊足碾)shelter belt 护路林shield 盾构(盾构挖掘机)shield tunnelling method 盾构法shoulder 路肩shrinkage limit 缩限side ditch 边沟side slope 边坡side walk 人行道sieve analysis 筛分sight distance 视距sight distance of intersection 路口视距sight line 视线sight triangle 视距三角形silty soil 粉性土simple supported beam bridge 简支梁桥singl direction thrusted pier 单向推力墩single-sizeaggregat 同粒径集料siphon culvert 倒虹涵skew bridge 斜交桥skew bridge 斜桥skid road 集材道路slab bridge 板桥slab culvert 盖板涵slab staggerting 错位slide 滑坡slope protection 护坡slump 坍落度snow hazard 雪害snow plough 除雪机snow protection facilities 防雪设施soft ground 软弱地基soft soil 软土softening point tester (ring ball) (沥青)软化点议仪method (环—球法)softening point (of bitumen) 沥青）软化点solubility (of bitumen) (沥青)溶解度space headway 车头间距space mean speed 空间平均速度span 跨径span by span method 移动支架逐跨施工法spandrel arch 腹拱spandrel structure 拱上结构special vehicle 特种车辆speed-change lane 变速车道splitting test 劈裂试验spot speed 点速度spreading in layers 层铺法springing 弹簧现象stabilizer 稳定土拌和机stabilized soil base course 稳定土基层stage for heating soil and broken rock 碎落台stagered junction 错位交叉stand axial loading 标准轴截steel bridge 钢筋冷墩机steel bridge 钢桥steel exention machie 钢筋拉伸机stiffness modulus 劲度stone coating test 石料裹覆试验stone crusher 碎石机stone spreader 碎石撒布机stopping sight distance 停车视距stopping truck heap (厂矿道路)阻车堤street 街道street draianage 街道排水street planting 街道绿化street trees 行道树strengthening layer 补强层strengthening of structure 加固stringer 纵梁striping test for aggregate 集料剥落试验structural approach limit of tunnel 隧道建筑限界sub-high type pavement 次高级路面subgrade 路基subgrade drainage 路基排水submersible bridge 漫水桥subsidence 沉陷subsoil 地基substructure 下部结构superelevation 超高superelevation runoff 超高缓和段superstructure 上部结构supported type abutment 支撑式桥台surface course 面层surface evenness 路面平整度surface frostheave 路面冻胀surface permeameter 路面透水度测定仪surface roughness 路面粗糙度surface slipperinness 路面滑溜surface water 地表水surface-curvature apparatus 路面曲率半径测定仪surrounding rock 围岩suspension bridge 悬索桥swich-back curve 回头曲线Tintersection 丁字形交叉(T形交叉)T-shaped rigid frame bridge 形刚构桥tack coat 粘层tangent length 切线长tar 焦油沥青technical standard of road 道路技术标准Telford 锥形块石Telford base (锥形)块石基层terrace 台地thermal insulation berm 保温护道thermal insulation course 隔温层thirtieth highest annual hourly 年第30位最大小时volume 交通量through bridge 下承式桥through traffic 过境交通tie bar 拉杆timber bridge 木桥time headway 车头时距time mean speed 时间平均速度toe of slope (边)坡脚tonguel and groove joint 企口缝top of slope (边)坡顶topographic featurc 地貌topographic map 地形图topographic survey 地形测量topography 地形township road 乡公路(乡道)traffic assignment 交通量分配traffic apacity 通行能力traffic composition 交通组成traffic density 交通密度traffic distribution 交通分布traffic flow 交通流traffic generation 交通发生traffic island 交通岛traffic mirror 道路反光镜traffic planninng 道路交通规划traffic safety device 交通安全设施traffic square 交通广场traffic stream 车流traffic survey 交通调查traffic volume 交通量traffic volume obserbation station 交通量观测站traffic volume 交通量预测traffic volume survey 交通量调查transition curve 缓和曲线transition slab at bridge head 桥头搭板transition zone of cross section 断面渐变段transition zone of curve widening 加宽缓和段transitional gradient 缓和坡段transverse beam 横梁transverse joint 横缝traverse 导线traverse sruvey 导线测量trencher 挖沟机triaxial test 三轴试验trip 出行true joint 真缝trumpet interchange 喇叭形立体交叉trunk highway 干线公路truss bridge 桁架桥tunnel (道路)隧道trnnel boring machine 隧道掘进机tunnel ling 衬砌tunnel portal 洞门tunnel support 隧道支撑turnaround loop 回车道，回车场turning point 转点two-way curved arch bridge 双曲拱桥two-way ramp 双向匝道type of dry and damp soil base 土基干湿类型U-shaped abut ment U形桥台under-ground pipes comprethensive design 管线综合设计underground water 地下水underground water level 地下水位underpass grade separation下穿铁路立体交叉universal photo 全能法测图urban road 城市道路valley line 沿溪线variable load 可变荷载vehicle stream 车流vehicular gap 车(辆)间净距verge 路肩vertical alignment 纵面线形vertical curb 立缘石(侧石)vertical curve 竖曲线vertical profile map (路线)纵断面图viameter 路面平整度测定仪vibratory roller 振动压路机viscosimeter (沥青)粘度仪viscosity (of bitumen) (沥青)粘(滞)度voidratio 孔隙比washout 水毁waste 弃土waste bank 弃土堆water cement ratio 水灰比water content 含水量water level 水位water reducing agent 减水剂water stability 水稳性water-bound macadam水结碎石路面wearing course 磨耗层weaving 交织weaving point 交织点weaving section 交织路段wheel tracking test 车辙试验width of subgrade 路基宽度workability 和易性Y intersection 形交叉精品文档word文档可以编辑！谢谢下载！。

弹塑性有限元法确定土工格栅加筋路堤的沉降及承载力

弹塑性有限元法确定土工格栅加筋路堤的沉降及承载力宋　飞1　赵立鹏2　闫澍旺1(1.天津大学岩土工程研究所　天津市　300072　2.天津港湾工程研究所　天津市　300222)提要　地基土由于在其上部填筑路堤会发生沉降、变形,在路堤底部铺设土工格栅后,路堤及地基中的应力和变形均会发生变化。

该文利用欧洲通用的岩土工程有限元软件P LAXIS 分析比较了路堤在加筋和不加筋两种情况下的沉降大小、不均匀沉降的分布以及土体中的应力水平,指出了加筋能够减小路堤的沉降量和不均匀沉降,提高整体稳定性,减少路堤的变形发展。

此外,该文还利用软件P LAXIS 计算了地基土在表面加筋后的承载力大小,得出了加筋能够提高地基承载力的结论。

关键词　P LAXIS 程序　沉降　加筋　地基承载力Settlement and bearing capacity of geogrid reinforced foundationSong Fei 1　Zhao Lipeng 2　Y an Shuwang1(1.G eotechnical Engineering Institute ,T ianjin University 2.Harbor Engineering Institute ,T ianjin )Abstract Settlement and deformation will take place in the foundation due to construction of embank 2ment on it.When geogrid is laid beneath the embankment ,the magnitude and distribution of settlement will vary because of rein forcement effects of geogrid.In this paper ,by using P LAXIS ,the magnitude of settlement ,uneven settlement and stress level in the s oil mass are com pared with tw o different cases.The first case is the natural foundation without rein forcement and the other is the rein forced s oil with geogrid.And by com paris on ,the significant effects of geogrid rein forcement are discussed.F or exam ple ,it can reduce the uneven settlement of embankment ,decrease its deformation and increase its stability.In addit 2ion ,the magnitude of bearing capacity of rein forced foundation is calculated by P LAXIS.Finally ,the ex 2tent of bearing capacity by geogrid rein forcement is estimated.K eyw ords P LAXIS ;settlement ;rein forcement ;bearing capacity作者简介:宋飞,男,1980年生,硕士生,从事岩土工程数值分析方面的研究。

铁路术语专用英语

铁路专用英语专业词汇中英对照翻译----铁路工程词汇线路工程 railway line engineering铁路勘测 ;铁道勘测 railway reconnaissance铁路选线 ;铁道选线 railway route selection;railway location;approximate railway location;location of railway route selection经济勘察 economic investigation地质调查 geological survey;geologic survey方案比较 project comparison铁路勘探 ;铁道勘探 railway exploration铁路测量 ;铁道测量 railway survey线路测量 route survey;profile survey;longitudinal survey曲线测量 curve survey既有线测量 survey of existing line;survey of existing railway铁路线路图 ;铁道线路图 railway map定线 location of line铁路设计 ;铁道设计 railway design线路设计 track design平面设计 plane design纵断面设计 longitudinal section design横断面设计 transverse section design曲线设计 curve design车站设计 station design站场设计 design of stations and yards标准设计 standard design线路等级 line grade铁路限界 ;铁道限界 railway clearance建筑限界 construction clearance设计规范 code of design设计标准 design standard铁路线路 ;铁道线路 railway line铁路曲线 ;铁道曲线 railway curve缓和曲线 transition curve;easement curve;spiral transition curve小半径曲线 small-radius curve曲线半径 curve radius曲线超高 superelevation on curve;cant;elevation of curve欠超高 inadequate superelevation;deficient superelevation未被平衡加速度 unbalanced acceleration竖曲线 vertical curve坡道 gradient坡度 grade;gradient;slope限制坡度 ruling grade;limiting grade坡度折减 grade compensation;compensation of gradient;gradient compensation避难线 refuge siding;catch siding双线插入段 double track interpolation铁路连接线 ;铁道连接线 railway connecting line隧道内线路 line in tunnel桥头引线 bridge approach站线 siding站线长度 length of station line铁路标志 ;铁道标志 railway sign警冲标 fouling point indicator;fouling post线路中心线 track center line;central lines of track线间距离 ;线间距 distance between centres of lines;distance between centers of tracks;midway between tracks线路试验 ;线路实验 track test;road test;running test路基 subgrade铁路路基 ;路基;铁道路基 railway subgrade;subgrade软土路基 soft soil subgrade沙漠路基 desert subgrade冻土路基 permafrost subgrade膨胀土路基 subgrade in swelling soil zone路基基床 subgrade bed路堤 embankment;fill高路堤 high-fill embankment路堑 cut;road cutting深路堑 deep cutting路肩 road shoulder;subgrade shoulder边坡 side slope护坡 revetment;slope protection;pitching路基滑动 subgrade slip滑坡防治 landslide preventive treatment路基排水 subgrade drainage塑料排水板 plastic drainage board路基加固 subgrade strengthening土工织物 geotextile挡土墙 ;挡墙 retaining walls锚定板 anchor plate锚杆 anchor bolt抗滑桩 antiskid pile;anti-slide pile;counter-sliding pile加筋土 reinforced earth植被 vegetation路基防护 subgrade protection防护工程 protective engineering防护林 protection forest防沙 sand proof固沙 stabilization of sand输导砂 sediment transport路侧建筑物 roadside structure排水沟 weeper drain;weep drain;drainage ditch;drain ditch挡风墙 wind-shield wall;wind-break wall隔声墙 sound-proof wall防雪栅 snow fence;snow guard轨道理论 track theory轨道设计 track design轨道参数 track parameter轨距 track gauge;rail gage;rail gauge轨距加宽 track gauge widening轨底坡 cant of rail;rail cant轨道力学 track dynamics;track mechanics轨道强度 track strength轨道阻力 track resistance道床阻力 trackbed resistance;ballast resistance扣固力 fastening force钢轨应力 rail stress轨道承载力 track bearing capacity轨道稳定性 track stability;stability of track轨道试验 ;轨道实验 track test轮轨关系 wheel-rail interaction;wheel-rail relation轮轨动力学 wheel-rail dynamics轮轨作用力 wheel-rail force轮轨接触 wheel-rail contact接触应力 contact stress轨道结构 track structure轨道 track铁路轨道 ;轨道;铁道轨道 railway track;track线路上部建筑 ;轨道 track superstructure;track重型轨道 heavy track宽轨枕轨道 broad sleeper track板式轨道 slab track;slab-track整体道床轨道 monolithic roadbed track防振轨道 anti-vibration track高架轨道 elevated track无缝线路 jointless line;continuously welded rail track;jointless track桥上轨道结构 bridge deck track structure隧道内轨道结构 track structure in tunnel钢轨 steel rail重型钢轨 heavy rail长钢轨 long rail焊接长钢轨 long welded rail缩短轨 shortened rail;standard shortened rail;fabricated short rail used on curves;standardcurtailed rail热处理钢轨 heat-treated rail合金钢轨 alloy steels rail旧钢轨 used rail钢轨钢 rail steel钢轨螺栓孔 rail bolt hole轨缝 rail gap;joint gap钢轨焊缝 rail welding seam钢轨接头 rail joint异型接头 compromise joint伸缩接头 expansion joint焊接接头 welding joint;welded joint绝缘接头 track section insulator;insulated joint胶接接头 adhesive joint鱼尾板 fish plate鱼尾螺栓 fish bolt扣件 fastening;rail fastening弹性扣件 elastic fastening;elastic rail fastening弹条式扣件 elastic rod type fastening分开式扣件 separated fastening;separated rail fastening;indirect holding fastening扣板式扣件 clip fastening刚性扣件 rigid fastening垫圈 ring道钉 spike;track spike;rail spike;dog spike螺纹道钉 threading spike;screw spike垫板 tie-plate;tie plate橡胶垫板 rubber tie-plate;rubber tie plate防爬器 anticreeper;anti-creeper;rail anchor轨距拉杆 gauge tie rod轨下基础 underrail foundation;sub-rail foundation;sub-rail track bed轨枕 sleeper;tie;cross tie木枕 wooden sleeper;wooden tie混凝土枕 ;砼枕 concrete sleeper;concrete tie轨枕板 ;宽轨枕 sleeper slab;broad sleeper钢枕 steel sleeper;steel tie合成轨枕 composite sleeper纵向轨枕 longitudinal tie岔枕 points sleeper;switch tie;turnout tie桥枕 bridge tie;bridge sleeper轨排 track panel;track skeleton枕下胶垫 rubber pad under sleeper道床 track bed;ballast bed碎石道床 ballast bed整体道床 monolithic track bed;solid bed;integrated ballast bed;monolithic concrete bed沥青道床 bituminous raodbed;asphalt roadbed;asphalt cemented ballast bed石棉道床 asbestos ballast道碴 ballast道床覆盖 ballast cover轨道附属设备 track auxiliary equipment钢轨涂油器 rail lubricator融雪器 snow melter复轨器 replacer;re-railer;rerailing device脱轨器 derailer车挡 bumper;bumper post道岔 switch;point;turnout;switches and crossings单开道岔 single point;simple turnout;lateral turnout双开道岔 double turnout三开道岔 three-throw turnout;symmetrical three throw turnout;three-way turnout 交分道岔 slip switch高速道岔 high-speed switch切线型道岔 tangent turnout道岔设计 turnout design过岔速度 switch crossing speed辙叉 frog;crossing整铸辙叉 integrated cast frog锰钢辙叉 manganese steel frog crossing焊接辙叉 welding frog crossing组合辙叉 combined frog;assembled frog可动心轨辙叉 movable point frog;movable-point frog可动翼轨辙叉 movable wing rails;movable-wing frog尖轨 switch point;point tongue;switch rail;tongue rail;blade滑床板 slide chair;slide plate;switch plate基本轨 stock rail翼轨 wing rail护轮轨 guard rail导曲线 curve of turnout;lead curve道岔附带曲线 curve following turnout branch line交叉 crossing渡线 track cross-over;crossover通过道岔 passing switch铁路道口 ;铁道道口 railway crossing平交道口 level crossing道口板 crossing slab道口路面 crossing road surface立体交叉 ;立交 grade separation线路施工 track construction石方工程 rock excavation土方工程 earthwork填方 filling挖方 cutting土方调拨 mass dispatching线路施工机械 track construction machinery and equipment 轨道施工 track construction轨道工程 track construction轨道铺设 track laying铺碴 ballasting轨枕铺设 sleeper laying铺轨 rail-laying轨排组装 track panel assembling轨排装运 track panel loading轨排基地 track panel base钢轨焊接 rail welding钢轨热处理 rail heat treatment钢轨铺设 rail laying钢轨锁定 rail locking道岔铺设 switch laying轨道施工机械 track construction machinery铺轨列车 tracklaying train;track laying train铺轨机 rail-laying machine;track laying machine钢轨焊接车 rail welding car焊轨机 steel rails weldeding mill;rail welding machine 轨排组装机 track panel assembling machine轨排运送车 track panel transport car铺枕机 sleeper-laying machine铺碴车 ballasting car铺碴机 ballasting machine铺道岔机 turnout-laying machine焊接长钢轨运送车 welding long rails transport car动力稳定车 dynamic track stabilizer线路状态 track state路基病害 subgrade defect沉降 settlement坍方落石 ;危石 collapse rock翻浆冒泥 frost boiling;mud-pumping路基壅水 subgrade water damming路基渗流 subgrade seepage flow路基冲刷 subgrade erosion振动液化 vibration liquifaction冻融 freezing and thawing冻胀 frost heaving冻害 freezing damage;frost heaving雪害 snow damage;snow blockade;snow drift沙害 sand damage轨道状态 track condition轨道变形 track deformation;track disorder;track distortion 轨道不平顺 track irregularity低接头 depression of joint三角坑 warp;twist钢轨爬行 rail creeping涨轨跑道 ;钢轨鼓曲 buckled track;rail buckle钢轨疲劳 rail fatigue钢轨伤损 rail failure;rail defects and failures钢轨断裂 rail fracture钢轨裂纹 rail crack;rail crackes轨头剥离 rail head shelling;gage line shelly cracks钢轨锈蚀 rail bubble;rail corrosion钢轨磨耗 rail wearing波形磨耗 ;波浪磨耗 undulatory wear螺孔裂纹 bolt hole crack辙叉伤损 ;辙叉损伤 frog failure木枕开裂 wooden sleeper cracking轨枕伤损 ;轨枕伤损 sleeper damage道床脏污 ballast contamination线路养护 track maintenance线路维修 track maintenance;maintenance of track日常维修 routine maintenance;current maintenance状态修 repairing on condition;repair according to condition 巡回检查 inspection tour轨道检测机具 track detection equipment道尺 track gauge轨道检测 track detection灾害检测装置 disaster detector超声波探伤仪 ultrasonic flaw detector钢轨探伤车 rail detecting car;rail flaw detection car轨道检查车 ;轨检车 track inspection car;track recording car 高速轨道检查车 ;高速轨检车 high-speed track inspection car 养路作业 track maintenance operation起道 track lifting;raising of track垫碴起道 ballast filling track lifting改道 track realigning;gage correction;gaging of track拨道 track lining捣固 tamping除草 weeding除草剂 herbicide除雪 snow clearing防冻 anti-freezing融雪 snow melt融雪剂 snow melt agent钢轨加热 rail heating钢轨打磨 rail grinding钢轨矫直 straightening of kinked rail钢轨更换 rail replace钢轨探伤 rail detecting钢轨焊补 rail repairing welding轨缝调整 rail gap adjusting应力放散 stress-relieving钢轨温度 rail temperature钢轨涂油 rail lubrication轨枕更换 sleeper replacement扣件作业 fastening operation轨枕修补 sleeper mending枕木防腐 timber sleeper treating道岔养护 switch maintenance道岔更换 switch replacement辙叉焊补 frog welding and repairing道床作业 ballast operation道碴清筛 ballast screening道碴更换 ballast replacement道床整形 ballast trimming曲线养护 curved track maintenance线路管理系统 track management system养路组织 track maintenance organization养路计划 track maintenance planning维修天窗 maintenance time维修周期 maintenance period养路安全 track maintenance safety列车接近警报器 ;列车接近报警器;列车接近报警装置 train approach warning device 养路质量 track maintenance quality养路机械化 track maintenance machinization线路中修 intermediate repair of track起道修 ;线路中修 track raising repair;track intermediate overhaul线路大修 major repair of track线路更新 ;线路大修 track renewal;track overhauling线路修复 track restoration铁路抢修 ;铁道抢修 railway emergency maintenance养路机械 track maintenance machine起道机 track lifting machine拨道机 track lining machine起拨道机 track lifting and lining machine捣固机 tamping machine捣固车 tamping wagon道床夯拍机 ballast compactor配碴整形机 ballast distributing and trimming machine;ballast distributing and regulating machine 道碴清筛机 ballast cleaner扒碴机 crib ballast raker;crib ballast removers道碴更换机 ballast replacement eqnipment道床清扫机 ballast cleaning machine轨枕更换机 sleeper replacement equipment钢轨更换机 rail replacement equipment钢轨打磨机 rail grinding machine钢轨打磨车 rail grinding wagon直轨器 rail straightening tool;rail straightener锯轨机 rail saw;rail cutting machine;rail sawing machine钢轨钻孔机 rail drilling machine钢轨加热器 rail heater轨缝调整器 rail gap adjuster;rail puller道钉机 spike driver除雪机 snowbreaker;snow removing machine;snow remover除雪车 snow-fighting vehicle;snow plow;snow plough除草机 weeder;weed cutting machine;weed cutter清沟机 ditcher碎冰机 ice crusher养路机具 track maintenance implements液压机具 hydraulic tool轨道车 track car上下道装置 up and down track device发电车 mobile power plant car;generator car综合养路机械 comprehensive track maintenance machine机械化养路基地 mechanized maintenance base工务部门 maintenance of way branch大修队 capital repair brigade工务段 engineering district;maintenance of way section;track division;track district;track maintenance division养路员工 track maintenance worker工务修配厂 maintenance of way shop焊轨厂 rail welding plant枕木防腐厂 timber sleeper treating plant采石场 quarry;stonepit铁路专业英语词汇________________________________________elevated railway, overhead railway, aerial railway 高架铁路mine railway 矿区铁路funicular (railway) 缆索铁路，登山铁路light railway line 轻便铁道urban railway 市区铁路railway network 铁路网railway transport 铁路运输trial run 试车open to traffic 通车porter 搬运工人ticket inspector 查票员ticket 车票single ticket, oneway ticket 单程票return ticket, roundtrip ticket 来回票platform ticket 站台票railway station 车站station hall 车站大厅information desk 服务台waiting room 候车室passenger station 客车站time-table 时刻表arrival time-table 到站时刻表departure time-table 发车时刻表ticket-collector, gateman 收票员ticket office, booking office 售票处junction 枢纽站rail and water terminal 水陆联运站platform bridge 天桥luggage barrow 推行李车enquiry office, information desk 问讯处way station 小站label 行李标签luggage office 行李房left-luggage office 行李暂存处platform-ticket 验票口barrier 栅栏门platform 站台(electric) platform truck 站台车platform tunnel 站台地道platform roofing 站台顶棚station-master 站长terminal; terminus 终点站escalator 自动扶梯The train leaves the station at..., The train is due out at... 火车在（某时）离站to have one's ticket punched （给检票员）检票10 minutes behind schedule 晚点十分钟to change trains at... 在（某地）换车The train is due at... 在（某时）到达to break the journey 中途下车dining car, restaurant car, diner 餐车pantry 餐车食品室open wagon, (railway) wagon, (railway) truck 敞车carriage, coach, car 车厢roof 车顶concertina walls （车厢通道两侧的）伸缩篷step; foot board （车厢门口的）踏板gangway （车厢的）通道lidded ashtray 带盖烟灰盒tank wagon 罐车mixed train 混合列车freight train, goods train 货物列车engine, locomotive 机车window seat 靠窗座位coach, passenger train 客车express train, express 快车refrigerator wagon 冷藏车car attendant; train attendant 列车员guard, conductor 列车长slow train, way train 慢车covered wagon van, box car 棚车ordinary train 普通列车sleeping carriage with cushioned berths 软卧客车up train 上行车livestock wagon 牲畜车sleeping car, sleeper 卧车down train 下行车luggage van, baggage car 行李车rack, baggage rack 行李架sleeping carriage with semicushioned berths 硬卧客车ordinary seat 硬席carriage with semicushioned seats 硬座车mail car 邮政车mail and luggage van 邮政行李车through train 直达车special train 专车pointsman, switchman 道岔工人signal for blocking the track, block signal 闭塞信号semaphore signal, home signal 臂板信号warehouse 仓库siding, sidetrack 侧线，旁轨turnout 岔道weighing machine 秤重机derailing （火车）出轨single line (track) rail 单线points, switches 道岔switch lock, point lock 道岔锁wait sign, wait signal 等候标志（信号）marshalling yard, shunting yard 调车场dispatching 调度dispatcher 调度员 crossover 渡线，转线轨道rail 钢轨 track 轨道sleeper, railroad tie 轨枕 rail chair 轨座buffer stop, bumping post 缓冲桩goods shed, freight depot 货棚goods station 货运站，货站 container 集装箱locomotive (engine) shed 机车库station warning sign 进站预告标 clearance 净空(signal) gantry （铁路上支持信号装置的）跨线桥barrier （道口）拦路木 section 路段reduce speed sign(al) 慢行标志（信号）bell and whistle sign, whistle sign 鸣笛预告标platform car, flat car 平车grade crossing, level crossing （道路与铁路的）平面交叉track-laying machine, tracklayer 铺轨机double line (track) rail 双线volume of railway freight 铁路货运量railway connections 铁路交叉点，铁路联络线railway warning sign 铁路警告标志railway clearance 铁路净空railroad bed 铁路路基railway curve 铁路曲线（弯道）railway tunnel 铁路隧道railway line, railroad line 铁路线stop sign(al) 停车标志（信号）danger sign(al) 危险标志（信号）unprotected crossing 无防护设备的道口signal light (lamp) 信号灯signal box, signalman's cabin 信号房signalman 信号员 wing rail (of frog) 翼轨distant signal, disk signal, target 圆盘信号机back-turning section 折返段 frog 辙叉，岔心turn-table 车台，旋车盘point (box), switch (box) 转辙器switch signal, point indicator 转辙信号。

铁路术语专用英语

铁路专用英语专业词汇中英对照翻译----铁路工程词汇线路工程railway line engineering铁路勘测;铁道勘测railway reconnaissance铁路选线;铁道选线railway route selection;railway location;approximate railway location;location of railway route selection经济勘察economic investigation地质调查geological survey;geologic survey方案比较project comparison铁路勘探;铁道勘探railway exploration铁路测量;铁道测量railway survey线路测量route survey;profile survey;longitudinal survey曲线测量curve survey既有线测量survey of existing line;survey of existing railway铁路线路图;铁道线路图railway map定线location of line铁路设计;铁道设计railway design线路设计track design平面设计plane design纵断面设计longitudinal section design横断面设计transverse section design曲线设计curve design车站设计station design站场设计design of stations and yards标准设计standard design线路等级line grade铁路限界;铁道限界railway clearance建筑限界construction clearance设计规范code of design设计标准design standard铁路线路;铁道线路railway line铁路曲线;铁道曲线railway curve缓和曲线transition curve;easement curve;spiral transition curve小半径曲线small-radius curve曲线半径curve radius曲线超高superelevation on curve;cant;elevation of curve欠超高inadequate superelevation;deficient superelevation未被平衡加速度unbalanced acceleration竖曲线vertical curve坡道gradient坡度grade;gradient;slope限制坡度ruling grade;limiting grade坡度折减grade compensation;compensation of gradient;gradient compensation避难线refuge siding;catch siding双线插入段double track interpolation铁路连接线;铁道连接线railway connecting line隧道内线路line in tunnel桥头引线bridge approach站线siding站线长度length of station line铁路标志;铁道标志railway sign警冲标fouling point indicator;fouling post线路中心线track center line;central lines of track线间距离;线间距distance between centres of lines;distance between centers of tracks;midway between tracks线路试验;线路实验track test;road test;running test路基subgrade铁路路基;路基;铁道路基railway subgrade;subgrade软土路基soft soil subgrade沙漠路基desert subgrade冻土路基permafrost subgrade膨胀土路基subgrade in swelling soil zone路基基床subgrade bed路堤embankment;fill高路堤high-fill embankment路堑cut;road cutting深路堑deep cutting路肩road shoulder;subgrade shoulder边坡side slope护坡revetment;slope protection;pitching路基滑动subgrade slip滑坡防治landslide preventive treatment路基排水subgrade drainage塑料排水板plastic drainage board路基加固subgrade strengthening土工织物geotextile挡土墙;挡墙retaining walls锚定板anchor plate锚杆anchor bolt抗滑桩antiskid pile;anti-slide pile;counter-sliding pile加筋土reinforced earth植被vegetation路基防护subgrade protection防护工程protective engineering防护林protection forest防沙sand proof固沙stabilization of sand输导砂sediment transport路侧建筑物roadside structure排水沟weeper drain;weep drain;drainage ditch;drain ditch挡风墙wind-shield wall;wind-break wall隔声墙sound-proof wall防雪栅snow fence;snow guard轨道理论track theory轨道设计track design轨道参数track parameter轨距track gauge;rail gage;rail gauge轨距加宽track gauge widening轨底坡cant of rail;rail cant轨道力学track dynamics;track mechanics轨道强度track strength轨道阻力track resistance道床阻力trackbed resistance;ballast resistance 扣固力fastening force钢轨应力rail stress轨道承载力track bearing capacity轨道稳定性track stability;stability of track轨道试验;轨道实验track test轮轨关系wheel-rail interaction;wheel-rail relation 轮轨动力学wheel-rail dynamics轮轨作用力wheel-rail force轮轨接触wheel-rail contact接触应力contact stress轨道结构track structure轨道track铁路轨道;轨道;铁道轨道railway track;track线路上部建筑;轨道track superstructure;track重型轨道heavy track宽轨枕轨道broad sleeper track板式轨道slab track;slab-track整体道床轨道monolithic roadbed track防振轨道anti-vibration track高架轨道elevated track无缝线路jointless line;continuously welded rail track;jointless track桥上轨道结构bridge deck track structure隧道内轨道结构track structure in tunnel钢轨steel rail重型钢轨heavy rail长钢轨long rail焊接长钢轨long welded rail缩短轨shortened rail;standard shortened rail;fabricated short rail used on curves;standard curtailed rail 热处理钢轨heat-treated rail合金钢轨alloy steels rail旧钢轨used rail钢轨钢rail steel钢轨螺栓孔rail bolt hole轨缝rail gap;joint gap钢轨焊缝rail welding seam钢轨接头rail joint异型接头compromise joint伸缩接头expansion joint焊接接头welding joint;welded joint绝缘接头track section insulator;insulated joint胶接接头adhesive joint鱼尾板fish plate鱼尾螺栓fish bolt扣件fastening;rail fastening弹性扣件elastic fastening;elastic rail fastening弹条式扣件elastic rod type fastening分开式扣件separated fastening;separated rail fastening;indirect holding fastening扣板式扣件clip fastening刚性扣件rigid fastening垫圈ring道钉spike;track spike;rail spike;dog spike螺纹道钉threading spike;screw spike垫板tie-plate;tie plate橡胶垫板rubber tie-plate;rubber tie plate防爬器anticreeper;anti-creeper;rail anchor轨距拉杆gauge tie rod轨下基础underrail foundation;sub-rail foundation;sub-rail track bed轨枕sleeper;tie;cross tie木枕wooden sleeper;wooden tie混凝土枕;砼枕concrete sleeper;concrete tie轨枕板;宽轨枕sleeper slab;broad sleeper钢枕steel sleeper;steel tie合成轨枕composite sleeper纵向轨枕longitudinal tie岔枕points sleeper;switch tie;turnout tie桥枕bridge tie;bridge sleeper轨排track panel;track skeleton枕下胶垫rubber pad under sleeper道床track bed;ballast bed碎石道床ballast bed整体道床monolithic track bed;solid bed;integrated ballast bed;monolithic concrete bed 沥青道床bituminous raodbed;asphalt roadbed;asphalt cemented ballast bed石棉道床asbestos ballast道碴ballast道床覆盖ballast cover轨道附属设备track auxiliary equipment钢轨涂油器rail lubricator融雪器snow melter复轨器replacer;re-railer;rerailing device脱轨器derailer车挡bumper;bumper post道岔switch;point;turnout;switches and crossings单开道岔single point;simple turnout;lateral turnout双开道岔double turnout三开道岔three-throw turnout;symmetrical three throw turnout;three-way turnout 交分道岔slip switch高速道岔high-speed switch切线型道岔tangent turnout道岔设计turnout design过岔速度switch crossing speed辙叉frog;crossing整铸辙叉integrated cast frog锰钢辙叉manganese steel frog crossing焊接辙叉welding frog crossing组合辙叉combined frog;assembled frog可动心轨辙叉movable point frog;movable-point frog可动翼轨辙叉movable wing rails;movable-wing frog尖轨switch point;point tongue;switch rail;tongue rail;blade滑床板slide chair;slide plate;switch plate基本轨stock rail翼轨wing rail护轮轨guard rail导曲线curve of turnout;lead curve道岔附带曲线curve following turnout branch line交叉crossing渡线track cross-over;crossover通过道岔passing switch铁路道口;铁道道口railway crossing平交道口level crossing道口板crossing slab道口路面crossing road surface立体交叉;立交grade separation线路施工track construction石方工程rock excavation土方工程earthwork填方filling挖方cutting土方调拨mass dispatching线路施工机械track construction machinery and equipment 轨道施工track construction轨道工程track construction轨道铺设track laying铺碴ballasting轨枕铺设sleeper laying铺轨rail-laying轨排组装track panel assembling轨排装运track panel loading轨排基地track panel base钢轨焊接rail welding钢轨热处理rail heat treatment钢轨铺设rail laying钢轨锁定rail locking道岔铺设switch laying轨道施工机械track construction machinery铺轨列车tracklaying train;track laying train铺轨机rail-laying machine;track laying machine钢轨焊接车rail welding car焊轨机steel rails weldeding mill;rail welding machine轨排组装机track panel assembling machine轨排运送车track panel transport car铺枕机sleeper-laying machine铺碴车ballasting car铺碴机ballasting machine铺道岔机turnout-laying machine焊接长钢轨运送车welding long rails transport car动力稳定车dynamic track stabilizer线路状态track state路基病害subgrade defect沉降settlement坍方落石;危石collapse rock翻浆冒泥frost boiling;mud-pumping路基壅水subgrade water damming路基渗流subgrade seepage flow路基冲刷subgrade erosion振动液化vibration liquifaction冻融freezing and thawing冻胀frost heaving冻害freezing damage;frost heaving雪害snow damage;snow blockade;snow drift沙害sand damage轨道状态track condition轨道变形track deformation;track disorder;track distortion 轨道不平顺track irregularity低接头depression of joint三角坑warp;twist钢轨爬行rail creeping涨轨跑道;钢轨鼓曲buckled track;rail buckle钢轨疲劳rail fatigue钢轨伤损rail failure;rail defects and failures钢轨断裂rail fracture钢轨裂纹rail crack;rail crackes轨头剥离rail head shelling;gage line shelly cracks钢轨锈蚀rail bubble;rail corrosion钢轨磨耗rail wearing波形磨耗;波浪磨耗undulatory wear螺孔裂纹bolt hole crack辙叉伤损;辙叉损伤frog failure木枕开裂wooden sleeper cracking轨枕伤损;轨枕伤损sleeper damage道床脏污ballast contamination线路养护track maintenance线路维修track maintenance;maintenance of track日常维修routine maintenance;current maintenance状态修repairing on condition;repair according to condition巡回检查inspection tour轨道检测机具track detection equipment道尺track gauge轨道检测track detection灾害检测装置disaster detector超声波探伤仪ultrasonic flaw detector钢轨探伤车rail detecting car;rail flaw detection car轨道检查车;轨检车track inspection car;track recording car 高速轨道检查车;高速轨检车high-speed track inspection car 养路作业track maintenance operation起道track lifting;raising of track垫碴起道ballast filling track lifting改道track realigning;gage correction;gaging of track拨道track lining捣固tamping除草weeding除草剂herbicide除雪snow clearing防冻anti-freezing融雪snow melt融雪剂snow melt agent钢轨加热rail heating钢轨打磨rail grinding钢轨矫直straightening of kinked rail 钢轨更换rail replace钢轨探伤rail detecting钢轨焊补rail repairing welding轨缝调整rail gap adjusting应力放散stress-relieving钢轨温度rail temperature钢轨涂油rail lubrication轨枕更换sleeper replacement扣件作业fastening operation轨枕修补sleeper mending枕木防腐timber sleeper treating道岔养护switch maintenance道岔更换switch replacement辙叉焊补frog welding and repairing 道床作业ballast operation道碴清筛ballast screening道碴更换ballast replacement道床整形ballast trimming曲线养护curved track maintenance线路管理系统track management system养路组织track maintenance organization养路计划track maintenance planning维修天窗maintenance time维修周期maintenance period养路安全track maintenance safety列车接近警报器;列车接近报警器;列车接近报警装置train approach warning device养路质量track maintenance quality养路机械化track maintenance machinization线路中修intermediate repair of track起道修;线路中修track raising repair;track intermediate overhaul线路大修major repair of track线路更新;线路大修track renewal;track overhauling线路修复track restoration铁路抢修;铁道抢修railway emergency maintenance养路机械track maintenance machine起道机track lifting machine拨道机track lining machine起拨道机track lifting and lining machine捣固机tamping machine捣固车tamping wagon道床夯拍机ballast compactor配碴整形机ballast distributing and trimming machine;ballast distributing and regulating machine 道碴清筛机ballast cleaner扒碴机crib ballast raker;crib ballast removers道碴更换机ballast replacement eqnipment道床清扫机ballast cleaning machine轨枕更换机sleeper replacement equipment钢轨更换机rail replacement equipment钢轨打磨机rail grinding machine钢轨打磨车rail grinding wagon直轨器rail straightening tool;rail straightener锯轨机rail saw;rail cutting machine;rail sawing machine钢轨钻孔机rail drilling machine钢轨加热器rail heater轨缝调整器rail gap adjuster;rail puller道钉机spike driver除雪机snowbreaker;snow removing machine;snow remover除雪车snow-fighting vehicle;snow plow;snow plough除草机weeder;weed cutting machine;weed cutter清沟机ditcher碎冰机ice crusher养路机具track maintenance implements液压机具hydraulic tool轨道车track car上下道装置up and down track device发电车mobile power plant car;generator car综合养路机械comprehensive track maintenance machine机械化养路基地mechanized maintenance base工务部门maintenance of way branch大修队capital repair brigade工务段engineering district;maintenance of way section;track division;track district;track maintenance division养路员工track maintenance worker工务修配厂maintenance of way shop焊轨厂rail welding plant枕木防腐厂timber sleeper treating plant采石场quarry;stonepit铁路专业英语词汇________________________________________elevated railway, overhead railway, aerial railway 高架铁路mine railway 矿区铁路funicular (railway) 缆索铁路，登山铁路light railway line 轻便铁道urban railway 市区铁路railway network 铁路网railway transport 铁路运输trial run 试车open to traffic 通车porter 搬运工人ticket inspector 查票员ticket 车票single ticket, oneway ticket 单程票return ticket, roundtrip ticket 来回票platform ticket 站台票railway station 车站station hall 车站大厅information desk 服务台waiting room 候车室passenger station 客车站time-table 时刻表arrival time-table到站时刻表departure time-table 发车时刻表ticket-collector, gateman 收票员ticket office, booking office售票处junction枢纽站rail and water terminal水陆联运站platform bridge天桥luggage barrow 推行李车enquiry office, information desk 问讯处way station 小站label 行李标签luggage office 行李房left-luggage office 行李暂存处platform-ticket 验票口barrier 栅栏门platform 站台(electric) platform truck站台车platform tunnel站台地道platform roofing 站台顶棚station-master 站长terminal; terminus 终点站escalator自动扶梯The train leaves the station at..., The train is due out at... 火车在（某时）离站to have one's ticket punched（给检票员）检票10 minutes behind schedule晚点十分钟to change trains at... 在（某地）换车The train is due at... 在（某时）到达to break the journey 中途下车dining car, restaurant car, diner 餐车pantry 餐车食品室open wagon, (railway) wagon, (railway) truck 敞车carriage, coach, car 车厢roof车顶concertina walls （车厢通道两侧的）伸缩篷step; foot board （车厢门口的）踏板gangway （车厢的）通道lidded ashtray带盖烟灰盒tank wagon罐车mixed train 混合列车freight train, goods train 货物列车engine, locomotive 机车window seat 靠窗座位coach, passenger train客车express train, express 快车refrigerator wagon 冷藏车car attendant; train attendant 列车员guard, conductor 列车长slow train, way train 慢车covered wagon van, box car 棚车ordinary train 普通列车sleeping carriage with cushioned berths 软卧客车up train 上行车livestock wagon牲畜车sleeping car, sleeper 卧车down train 下行车luggage van, baggage car 行李车rack, baggage rack 行李架sleeping carriage with semicushioned berths 硬卧客车ordinary seat 硬席carriage with semicushioned seats硬座车mail car 邮政车mail and luggage van 邮政行李车through train直达车special train 专车pointsman, switchman 道岔工人signal for blocking the track, block signal 闭塞信号semaphore signal, home signal臂板信号warehouse 仓库siding, sidetrack侧线，旁轨turnout 岔道weighing machine 秤重机derailing （火车）出轨single line (track) rail 单线points, switches 道岔switch lock, point lock 道岔锁wait sign, wait signal 等候标志（信号）marshalling yard, shunting yard调车场dispatching 调度dispatcher 调度员crossover 渡线，转线轨道rail 钢轨track轨道sleeper, railroad tie 轨枕rail chair轨座buffer stop, bumping post 缓冲桩goods shed, freight depot货棚goods station 货运站，货站container 集装箱locomotive (engine) shed 机车库station warning sign 进站预告标clearance 净空(signal) gantry （铁路上支持信号装置的）跨线桥barrier （道口）拦路木section 路段reduce speed sign(al) 慢行标志（信号）bell and whistle sign, whistle sign鸣笛预告标platform car, flat car 平车grade crossing, level crossing（道路与铁路的）平面交叉track-laying machine, tracklayer铺轨机double line (track) rail 双线volume of railway freight 铁路货运量railway connections 铁路交叉点，铁路联络线railway warning sign 铁路警告标志railway clearance铁路净空railroad bed 铁路路基railway curve 铁路曲线（弯道）railway tunnel 铁路隧道railway line, railroad line 铁路线stop sign(al) 停车标志（信号）danger sign(al) 危险标志（信号）unprotected crossing 无防护设备的道口signal light (lamp) 信号灯signal box, signalman's cabin 信号房signalman 信号员wing rail (of frog) 翼轨distant signal, disk signal, target 圆盘信号机back-turning section 折返段frog 辙叉，岔心turn-table 车台，旋车盘point (box), switch (box) 转辙器switch signal, point indicator 转辙信号。

铁路专用英语

ballast
配碴整形机垫碴起道
ballast operation ballast replacement ballast replacement equipment ballast screening ballast trimming ballasting ballasting car ballasting machine bituminous roadbed; asphalt roadbed; asphalt cemented ballast bed bolt hole crack bridge approach bridge deck track structure bridge tie; bridge sleeper broad sleeper track buckled track; rail buckle bumper; bumper post cant of rail; rail cant capital repair brigade clip fastening code of design collapse rock combined frog; assembled frog composite sleeper comprehensive track maintenance machine compromise joint concrete sleeper; concrete tie construction clearance contact stress crib ballast raker; crib ballast removers crossing crossing road surface crossing slab curve design curve following turnout branch line curve of turnout; lead curve curve radius curve survey curved track maintenance cut; road cutting cutting deep cutting depression of joint derailed desert subgrade design of stations and yards design standard disaster detector distance between centres of lines; distance between centers of tracks; midway between tracks ditcher double track interpolation double turnout dynamic track stabilizer earthwork

土木工程专业外语词汇（2）_建筑英语词汇

挡土墙挡土墙retaining wall挡土墙挡土墙排水设施挡土墙挡土墙稳定性stability of retaining wall挡土墙垛式挡土墙挡土墙扶垛式挡土墙counterfort retaining wall挡土墙后垛墙（台）counterfort retaining wall挡土墙基础墙foundation wall挡土墙加筋土挡墙reinforced earth bulkhead挡土墙锚定板挡土墙anchored plate retaining wall挡土墙锚定式板桩墙anchored sheet pile wall挡土墙锚杆式挡土墙anchor rod retaining wall挡土墙悬壁式板桩墙cantilever sheet pile wall挡土墙悬壁式挡土墙cantilever sheet pile wall挡土墙重力式挡土墙gravity retaining wall板桩结构物板桩sheet pile板桩结构物板桩结构sheet pile structure板桩结构物钢板桩steel sheet pile板桩结构物钢筋混凝土板桩reinforced concrete sheet pile 板桩结构物钢桩steel pile板桩结构物灌注桩cast-in-place pile板桩结构物拉杆tie rod板桩结构物锚定式板桩墙anchored sheet pile wall板桩结构物锚固技术anchoring板桩结构物锚座anchorage板桩结构物木板桩wooden sheet pile板桩结构物木桩timber piles板桩结构物悬壁式板桩墙cantilever sheet pile wall基坑开挖与降水板桩围护sheet pile-braced cuts基坑开挖与降水电渗法electro-osmotic drainage基坑开挖与降水管涌piping基坑开挖与降水基底隆起heave of base基坑开挖与降水基坑降水dewatering基坑开挖与降水基坑失稳instability (failure) of foundation pit 基坑开挖与降水基坑围护bracing of foundation pit基坑开挖与降水减压井relief well基坑开挖与降水降低地下水位法dewatering method基坑开挖与降水井点系统well point system基坑开挖与降水喷射井点eductor well point基坑开挖与降水铅直边坡的临界高度critical height of vertical slope基坑开挖与降水砂沸sand boiling基坑开挖与降水深井点deep well point基坑开挖与降水真空井点vacuum well point基坑开挖与降水支撑围护braced cuts浅基础杯形基础浅基础补偿性基础compensated foundation浅基础持力层bearing stratum浅基础次层（台）substratum浅基础单独基础individual footing浅基础倒梁法inverted beam method浅基础刚性角pressure distribution angle of masonary foundation浅基础刚性基础rigid foundation浅基础高杯口基础浅基础基础埋置深度embeded depth of foundation浅基础基床系数coefficient of subgrade reaction浅基础基底附加应力net foundation pressure浅基础交叉条形基础cross strip footing浅基础接触压力contact pressure浅基础静定分析法（浅基础）static analysis (shallowfoundation)浅基础壳体基础shell foundation浅基础扩展基础spread footing浅基础片筏基础mat foundation浅基础浅基础shallow foundation浅基础墙下条形基础浅基础热摩奇金法zemochkin s method浅基础柔性基础flexible foundation浅基础上部结构－基础－土共同作用分析structure- foundation-soil interactionanalysis浅基础谈弹性地基梁（板）分析analysis of beams and slabs on elastic foundation浅基础条形基础strip footing浅基础下卧层substratum浅基础箱形基础box foundation浅基础柱下条形基础深基础贝诺托灌注桩benoto cast-in-place pile深基础波动方程分析wave equation analysis深基础场铸桩（台)cast-in-place pile深基础沉管灌注桩diving casting cast-in-place pile深基础沉井基础open-end caisson foundation深基础沉箱基础box caisson foundation深基础成孔灌注同步桩synchronous pile深基础承台pile caps深基础充盈系数fullness coefficient深基础单桩承载力bearing capacity of single pile深基础单桩横向极限承载力ultimate lateral resistance of single pile深基础单桩竖向抗拔极限承载力vertical ultimate uplift resistance of single pile深基础单桩竖向抗压容许承载力vertical ultimate carrying capacity of single pile深基础单桩竖向抗压极限承载力vertical allowable load capacity of single pile深基础低桩承台low pile cap深基础地下连续墙diaphgram wall深基础点承桩（台）end-bearing pile深基础动力打桩公式dynamic pile driving formula深基础端承桩end-bearing pile深基础法兰基灌注桩franki pile深基础负摩擦力negative skin friction of pile深基础钢筋混凝土预制桩precast reinforced concrete piles深基础钢桩steel pile深基础高桩承台high-rise pile cap深基础灌注桩cast-in-place pile深基础横向载荷桩laterally loaded vertical piles深基础护壁泥浆slurry coat method深基础回转钻孔灌注桩rotatory boring cast-in-place pile深基础机挖异形灌注桩深基础静力压桩silent piling深基础抗拔桩uplift pile深基础抗滑桩anti-slide pile深基础摩擦桩friction pile深基础木桩timber piles深基础嵌岩灌注桩piles set into rock深基础群桩pile groups深基础群桩效率系数efficiency factor of pile groups深基础群桩效应efficiency of pile groups深基础群桩竖向极限承载力vertical ultimate load capacity of pile groups深基础深基础deep foundation深基础竖直群桩横向极限承载力深基础无桩靴夯扩灌注桩rammed bulb ile深基础旋转挤压灌注桩深基础桩piles深基础桩基动测技术dynamic pile test深基础钻孔墩基础drilled-pier foundation深基础钻孔扩底灌注桩under-reamed bored pile深基础钻孔压注桩starsol enbesol pile深基础最后贯入度final set地基处理表层压密法surface compaction地基处理超载预压surcharge preloading地基处理袋装砂井sand wick地基处理地工织物geofabric, geotextile地基处理地基处理ground treatment, foundation treatment 地基处理电动化学灌浆electrochemical grouting地基处理电渗法electro-osmotic drainage地基处理顶升纠偏法地基处理定喷directional jet grouting地基处理冻土地基处理frozen foundation improvement地基处理短桩处理treatment with short pile地基处理堆载预压法preloading地基处理粉体喷射深层搅拌法powder deep mixing method 地基处理复合地基composite foundation地基处理干振成孔灌注桩vibratory bored pile地基处理高压喷射注浆法jet grounting地基处理灌浆材料injection material地基处理灌浆法grouting地基处理硅化法silicification地基处理夯实桩compacting pile地基处理化学灌浆chemical grouting地基处理换填法cushion地基处理灰土桩lime soil pile地基处理基础加压纠偏法地基处理挤密灌浆compaction grouting地基处理挤密桩compaction pile, compacted column地基处理挤淤法displacement method地基处理加筋法reinforcement method地基处理加筋土reinforced earth地基处理碱液法soda solution grouting地基处理浆液深层搅拌法grout deep mixing method地基处理降低地下水位法dewatering method地基处理纠偏技术地基处理坑式托换pit underpinning地基处理冷热处理法freezing and heating地基处理锚固技术anchoring地基处理锚杆静压桩托换anchor pile underpinning地基处理排水固结法consolidation地基处理膨胀土地基处理expansive foundation treatment地基处理劈裂灌浆fracture grouting地基处理浅层处理shallow treatment地基处理强夯法dynamic compaction地基处理人工地基artificial foundation地基处理容许灌浆压力allowable grouting pressure地基处理褥垫pillow地基处理软土地基soft clay ground地基处理砂井sand drain地基处理砂井地基平均固结度average degree of consolidation of sand-drained ground地基处理砂桩sand column地基处理山区地基处理foundation treatment in mountain area 地基处理深层搅拌法deep mixing method地基处理渗入性灌浆seep-in grouting地基处理湿陷性黄土地基处理collapsible loess treatment地基处理石灰系深层搅拌法lime deep mixing method地基处理石灰桩lime column, limepile地基处理树根桩root pile地基处理水泥土水泥掺合比cement mixing ratio地基处理水泥系深层搅拌法cement deep mixing method地基处理水平旋喷horizontal jet grouting地基处理塑料排水带plastic drain地基处理碎石桩gravel pile, stone pillar地基处理掏土纠偏法地基处理天然地基natural foundation地基处理土工聚合物geopolymer地基处理土工织物geofabric, geotextile地基处理土桩earth pile地基处理托换技术underpinning technique地基处理外掺剂additive地基处理旋喷jet grouting地基处理药液灌浆chemical grouting地基处理预浸水法presoaking地基处理预压法preloading地基处理真空预压vacuum preloading地基处理振冲法vibroflotation method地基处理振冲密实法vibro-compaction地基处理振冲碎石桩vibro replacement stone column地基处理振冲置换法vibro-replacement地基处理振密、挤密法vibro-densification, compacting地基处理置换率（复合地基）replacement ratio地基处理重锤夯实法tamping地基处理桩式托换pile underpinning地基处理桩土应力比stress ratio动力机器基础比阻尼容量specific gravity capacity动力机器基础等效集总参数法constant strain rate consolidation test动力机器基础地基固有周期natural period of soil site动力机器基础动基床反力法dynamic subgrade reaction method动力机器基础动力放大因素dynamic magnification factor动力机器基础隔振isolation动力机器基础基础振动foundation vibration动力机器基础基础振动半空间理论elastic half-space theory of foundation vibration动力机器基础基础振动容许振幅allowable amplitude of foundation vibration动力机器基础基础自振频率natural frequency of foundation动力机器基础集总参数法lumped parameter method动力机器基础吸收系数absorption coefficient动力机器基础质量－弹簧－阻尼器系统mass-spring-dushpot system地基基础抗震地基固有周期natural period of soil site地基基础抗震地震earthquake, seism, temblor地基基础抗震地震持续时间duration of earthquake地基基础抗震地震等效均匀剪应力equivalent even shear stress of earthquake地基基础抗震地震反应谱earthquake response spectrum地基基础抗震地震烈度earthquake intensity地基基础抗震地震震级earthquake magnitude地基基础抗震地震卓越周期seismic predominant period地基基础抗震地震最大加速度maximum acceleration of earthquake地基基础抗震动力放大因数dynamic magnification factor地基基础抗震对数递减率logrithmic decrement地基基础抗震刚性系数coefficient of rigidity地基基础抗震吸收系数absorption coefficient室内土工试验比重试验specific gravity test室内土工试验变水头渗透试验falling head permeability test室内土工试验不固结不排水试验unconsolidated-undrained triaxial test室内土工试验常规固结试验routine consolidation test室内土工试验常水头渗透试验constant head permeability test 室内土工试验单剪仪simple shear apparatus室内土工试验单轴拉伸试验uniaxial tensile test室内土工试验等速加荷固结试验constant loading rate consolidatin test室内土工试验等梯度固结试验constant gradient consolidation test室内土工试验等应变速率固结试验equivalent lumped parameter method室内土工试验反复直剪强度试验repeated direct shear test室内土工试验反压饱和法back pressure saturation method室内土工试验高压固结试验high pressure consolidation test室内土工试验各向不等压固结不排水试验consoidated anisotropically undrained test室内土工试验各向不等压固结排水试验consolidated anisotropically drained test室内土工试验共振柱试验resonant column test室内土工试验固结不排水试验consolidated undrained triaxial test室内土工试验固结快剪试验consolidated quick direct shear test室内土工试验固结排水试验consolidated drained triaxial test 室内土工试验固结试验consolidation test室内土工试验含水量试验water content test室内土工试验环剪试验ring shear test室内土工试验黄土湿陷试验loess collapsibility test室内土工试验击实试验室内土工试验界限含水量试验atterberg limits test室内土工试验卡萨格兰德法casagrande s method室内土工试验颗粒分析试验grain size analysis test室内土工试验孔隙水压力消散试验pore pressure dissipation test室内土工试验快剪试验quick direct shear test室内土工试验快速固结试验fast consolidation test室内土工试验离心模型试验centrifugal model test室内土工试验连续加荷固结试验continual loading test室内土工试验慢剪试验consolidated drained direct shear test 室内土工试验毛细管上升高度试验capillary rise test室内土工试验密度试验density test室内土工试验扭剪仪torsion shear apparatus室内土工试验膨胀率试验swelling rate test室内土工试验平面应变仪plane strain apparatus室内土工试验三轴伸长试验triaxial extension test室内土工试验三轴压缩试验triaxial compression test室内土工试验砂的相对密实度试验sand relative density test室内土工试验筛分析sieve analysis室内土工试验渗透试验permeability test室内土工试验湿化试验slaking test室内土工试验收缩试验shrinkage test室内土工试验塑限试验plastic limit test室内土工试验缩限试验shrinkage limit test室内土工试验土工模型试验geotechnical model test室内土工试验土工织物试验geotextile test室内土工试验无侧限抗压强度试验unconfined compression strength test室内土工试验无粘性土天然坡角试验angle of repose of cohesionless soils test室内土工试验压密不排水三轴压缩试验consolidated undrained triaxial compression test室内土工试验压密排水三轴压缩试验consolidated drained triaxial compressure test室内土工试验压密试验consolidation test室内土工试验液塑限联合测定法liquid-plastic limit combined method室内土工试验液限试验liquid limit test室内土工试验应变控制式三轴压缩仪strain control triaxial compression apparatus室内土工试验应力控制式三轴压缩仪stress control triaxial compression apparatus室内土工试验有机质含量试验organic matter content test室内土工试验真三轴仪true triaxial apparatus室内土工试验振动单剪试验dynamic simple shear test室内土工试验直剪仪direct shear apparatus室内土工试验直接剪切试验direct shear test室内土工试验直接单剪试验direct simple shear test室内土工试验自振柱试验free vibration column test室内土工试验k0固结不排水试验k0 consolidated undrained test室内土工试验k0固结排水试验k0 consolidated drained test原位测试标准贯入试验standard penetration test原位测试表面波试验surface wave test原位测试超声波试验ultrasonic wave test原位测试承载比试验califonia bearing ratio test原位测试单桩横向载荷试验lateral load test of pile原位测试单桩竖向静载荷试验static load test of pile原位测试动力触探试验dynamic penetration test原位测试静力触探试验static cone penetration test原位测试静力载荷试验plate loading test原位测试跨孔试验cross-hole test原位测试块体共振试验block resonant test原位测试螺旋板载荷试验screw plate test原位测试旁压试验pressurementer test原位测试轻便触探试验light sounding test原位测试深层沉降观测deep settlement measurement原位测试十字板剪切试验vane shear test原位测试无损检测nondestructive testing原位测试下孔法试验down-hole test原位测试现场渗透试验field permeability test原位测试原位孔隙水压力量测in situ pore water pressure measurement原位测试原位试验in-situ soil test原位测试最后贯入度final set。

土木工程专用英语单词.

Part IV：Commonly Used Professional Terms of Civil Engineering development organization 建设单位design organization 设计单位construction organization 施工单位reinforced concrete 钢筋混凝土pile 桩steel structure 钢结构aluminium alloy 铝合金masonry 砌体（工程）reinforced ~ 配筋砌体load-bearing ~ 承重砌体unreinforced ~非配筋砌体permissible stress (allowable stress) 容许应力plywood 胶合板retaining wall 挡土墙finish 装修finishing material装修材料ventilation 通风natural ~ 自然通风mechanical ~ 机械通风diaphragm wall (continuous concrete wall) 地下连续墙villa 别墅moment of inertia 惯性矩惯性矩torque 扭矩stress 应力normal ~ 法向应力shear ~ 剪应力strain 应变age hardening 时效硬化air-conditioning system空调系统(air) void ration（土）空隙比（土）空隙比albery壁厨，壁龛a l mery壁厨，贮藏室anchorage length锚固长度antiseismic joint 防震缝architectural appearance 建筑外观architectural area 建筑面积architectural design 建筑设计fiashing 泛水workability (placeability) 和易性safety glass安全玻璃tempered glass (reinforced glass) 钢化玻璃foamed glass泡沫玻璃asphalt沥青felt (malthoid) 油毡riveted connection 铆接welding焊接screwed connection 螺栓连接oakum 麻刀，麻丝麻刀，麻丝tee三通管三通管tap存水弯存水弯esthetics美学美学formwork 模板（工程）模板（工程）shoring 支撑支撑batching 配料配料slipform construction (slipforming) 滑模施工滑模施工滑模施工lfit-slab construction 升板法施工升板法施工mass concrete 大体积混凝土大体积混凝土terrazzo水磨石水磨石construction joint 施工缝施工缝honeycomb蜂窝，空洞，麻面蜂窝，空洞，麻面piled foundation桩基桩基deep foundation 深基础深基础shallow foundation浅基础浅基础foundation depth基础埋深基础埋深pad foundation独立基础独立基础strip foundation 条形基础条形基础raft foundation筏基筏基box foundation箱形基础箱形基础BSMT=basement 地下室地下室lift 电梯电梯 electric elevatorlift well电梯井电梯井escalator 自动扶梯自动扶梯Poisson’s ratio 泊松比μYoung’s modulus , modulus of elasticity 杨氏模量，弹性模量E safety coefficient 安全系数安全系数fatigue failure 疲劳破坏疲劳破坏bearing capacity of foundations 地基承载力地基承载力bearing capacity of a pile 单桩承载力单桩承载力two-way-reinforcement 双向配筋双向配筋reinforced concrete two-way slabs钢筋混凝土双向板钢筋混凝土双向板钢筋混凝土双向板single way slab单向板单向板window blind 窗帘sun blindwind load 风荷载风荷载curing 养护养护watertight concrete 防水混凝土防水混凝土white cement白水泥白水泥separating of concrete混凝土离折混凝土离折 segregation of concrete mortar 砂浆灰缝砂浆 ~ joint 灰缝pilaster 壁柱壁柱fire rating耐火等级耐火等级fire brick 耐火砖耐火砖standard brick标准砖标准砖terra cotta 琉璃瓦琉璃瓦mosaic 马赛克马赛克ceramic mosaic陶瓷锦砖，马赛克，陶瓷锦砖，马赛克， ceramic mosaic tileceramic tile 瓷砖瓷砖rubble wall毛石墙毛石墙marble 大理石,大理岩大理岩granite 花岗石,花岗岩花岗岩ready-mixed concrete 商品混凝土，预拌混凝土商品混凝土，预拌混凝土real estate房地产房地产reinforcement bar 钢筋钢筋 veinforcement meal, reinforcing bar, reinforcing steel reinforcement cover混凝土保护层混凝土保护层reinforcement mat 钢筋网, reinforcing meshreinforcing ratio 配筋率配筋率 reinforcement percentagereinforcing work钢筋工程钢筋工程residential building居住建筑居住建筑rigid foundation刚性基础刚性基础roof 屋顶，屋盖，屋面; roof board 屋面板屋顶花园屋面板; roof garden屋顶花园roof live load 屋面活荷载屋面活荷载屋面活荷载rustic terrazzo粗面水磨石，水刷石粗面水磨石，水刷石sand cushion砂垫层砂垫层saw-tooth skylight锯齿形天窗锯齿形天窗scaffold 脚手架脚手架sill窗台窗台silty soil粉质土粉质土single door单扇门单扇门double door双扇门双扇门single reinforcemen单筋tsliding door推拉门推拉门sliding window水平推拉窗水平推拉窗staircase楼梯间楼梯间stair rail(ing) 楼梯栏杆，楼梯扶手楼梯栏杆，楼梯扶手stair step楼梯踏步楼梯踏步stair string (er)楼梯梁楼梯梁stair clearance 楼梯净空高度stair headroomsteel forms钢模板钢模板store room贮藏室贮藏室structural drawings结构图结构图soft substratum软弱下卧层软弱下卧层sun louver 遮阳板遮阳板supporting block 支座支座supporting layer持力层持力层tensile reinforcement 受拉钢筋受拉钢筋 tensile steel, tension reinforcementterrace roof 平屋顶平屋顶thermal insulation 隔热隔热through ventilation 穿堂风穿堂风timber structure 木结构wood structuretoilet 盥洗间，浴室，厕所，便池盥洗间，浴室，厕所，便池tracing paper 描图纸描图纸lawn 草坪草坪 treatment of elevation 立面处理立面处理drawing board 绘图板绘图板triaxial compression test 三轴压缩试验三轴压缩试验三轴压缩试验 tubular steel scaffolding 钢管脚手架钢管脚手架uniformly distributed load 均布荷载均布荷载unnotched bar 光面钢; threadbar 螺纹钢筋螺纹钢筋 urinal 小便池，小便斗，小便槽小便池，小便斗，小便槽valley 天沟天沟ventilating skylight 通风天窗通风天窗waterproof barrier 防水层aquatardTerzaghi bearing capacity theory 太沙基承载力理论太沙基承载力理论太沙基承载力理论 Terzaghi consolidation theory 太沙基固结理论太沙基固结理论 foundation treatment 地基处理地基处理foundation pressure 基底压力基底压力span 跨度跨度specific gravity 比重比重quicklime 生石灰,氧化钙氧化钙hydrated lime 熟石灰,消石灰消石灰hydration 水化作用水化作用plaster of Paris 熟石膏熟石膏portland cement 波特兰水泥,硅酸盐水泥,普通水泥普通水泥 portland blastfurnace slag cement 矿渣水泥矿渣水泥 portland fly-ash cement 粉煤灰粉煤灰(硅酸盐)水泥水泥 portland-pozzolana cement 火山灰质硅酸盐水泥火山灰质硅酸盐水泥 gas-foaming admixture 发泡剂发泡剂retarding admixture 缓凝剂缓凝剂water-reducing agent 减水剂减水剂air-entrained agent 加气剂加气剂 slump 坍落度坍落度water-cement ratio 水灰比w/carchitectural lighting 建筑采光,建筑照明建筑照明 architectural perspective 建筑透视图建筑透视图architectural section 建筑剖面图建筑剖面图 architectural specifications 建筑规范建筑规范architectural working drawing 建筑施工图建筑施工图建筑施工图 architecture sketch 建筑草图建筑草图arc welding 电弧焊电弧焊stress concentration 应力集中应力集中multi-story building 多层建筑多层建筑settlement of foundation 地基沉降地基沉降地基沉降 tensile strength 抗拉强度抗拉强度compressive strength 抗压强度抗压强度bending strength 抗弯强度抗弯强度construction material 建筑材料building material continuous beam 连续梁连续梁tower crane 塔式起重机,塔吊塔吊SPT=standard penetration test 标准贯入度试验标准贯入度试验标准贯入度试验 wall between two windows 窗间墙窗间墙窗间墙 stability 稳定性稳定性stress-strain curve 应力-应变曲线应变曲线stress-strain diagram 应力-应变图应变图damp-proof coating 防潮层防潮层osmosis 渗透渗透osmotic co-efficient 渗透系数渗透系数osmotic pressure 渗透压力渗透压力 finite element method 有限单无法有限单无法有限单无法 finite-difference method 有限差分法有限差分法finite slice method 条分法条分法条分法 deformation 变形变形displacement 位移位移allowable bearing capacity 容许承载力容许承载力容许承载力 total and differential settlement 总沉降量和沉降差总沉降量和沉降差 Mohr ,s stress circle 摩尔应力圆摩尔应力圆摩尔应力圆 snow load 雪(荷)载bent reinforcement bar 弯起钢筋弯起钢筋弯起钢筋 bent steel 弯起钢筋弯起钢筋 bent-up bar 弯起钢筋弯起钢筋bid 投标，标书投标，标书bid call 招标招标bid opening 开标开标bidding sheet 标价单标价单bid price 出价，投标价格出价，投标价格 binding reinforcement 绑扎钢筋绑扎钢筋blocking course 檐口墙，女儿墙檐口墙，女儿墙 parapet (wall) bloodwood 红木redwood rosewoodbrick lintel 砖砌过梁砖砌过梁brick masonry structure 砖石结构砖石结构砖石结构 BRKT =bracket 牛腿牛腿building height 建筑高度建筑高度building industrialization 建筑工业化建筑工业化building-in fitting 预埋件预埋件building law 建筑法建筑法building line 建筑红线建筑红线building module 建筑模数建筑模数building orientation 建筑物朝向建筑物朝向building permits for construction建筑施工执照建筑施工执照建筑施工执照building equipment 建筑设备建筑设备building physics建筑物理建筑物理building rubble 建筑垃圾建筑垃圾building storm sewer 房屋雨水管房屋雨水管房屋雨水管built –in cupboard 壁厨壁厨cable structure 悬索结构悬索结构cable-supported construction悬索结构悬索结构canopy雨篷雨篷cast-in-place concrete 现浇混凝土现浇混凝土 on-site concrete caterpillar crane 履带式起重机履带式起重机cavity brick空心砖空心砖cavity wall空心墙空心墙ceiling 顶棚，吊顶，天花板顶棚，吊顶，天花板cement floor水泥地面水泥地面cement mortar水泥砂浆水泥砂浆center-to-center中心距(中到中间距)chain-pull switch拉线开关拉线开关chromatics色彩学色彩学city planning城市规划城市规划civil architecture民用建筑民用建筑civil building民用建筑民用建筑civil engineering土木工程土木工程clay brick粘土砖粘土砖clerestory天窗天窗clerestory windows高侧窗高侧窗closet 盥洗室，厕所，卫生间盥洗室，厕所，卫生间coated glass 玻璃幕墙glass curtain wall collapsible loess 湿陷性黄土slumping loesscollar tie beam 圈梁圈梁圈梁combination beam 组合梁组合梁combination construction 混合结构混合结构shear wall 剪力墙剪力墙shear strength 抗剪强度抗剪强度transom （门上的）亮子（门上的）亮子bar 棒，条，杆件，（粗）钢筋棒，条，杆件，（粗）钢筋beam 梁framework 框架框架truss桁架桁架statically determinate ~ 静定桁架静定桁架静定桁架statically indeterminate ~ 超静定桁架超静定桁架超静定桁架elasticity 弹性弹性plasticity 塑性塑性stiffness 刚度刚度fiexibility 滚动轴承滚动轴承灵活的灵活的deflection 挠度挠度bending moment 弯矩弯矩 ~ diagram 弯矩图弯矩图 ~ envelope 弯矩包络线弯矩包络线 influence line 影响线影响线aggregate 骨料骨料coarse ~ 粗骨料粗骨料fine ~ 细骨料细骨料admixture 外加剂外加剂concrete mixer 混凝土搅拌机混凝土搅拌机paint 油漆油漆density 密度密度viscosity 粘度，粘滞性粘度，粘滞性geology 地质地质earth pressure 土压力土压力 active ~ 主动土压力主动土压力 coarse sand 粗砂; medium sand 中砂; fine sand 细砂细砂 artificial daylight 人工采光人工采光artificial illumination 人工照明人工照明art of architecture 建筑艺术建筑艺术aseismic design 抗震设计抗震设计back view 背立面背立面balcony 阳台阳台balustrade 栏杆，扶手栏杆，扶手bamboo scaffolding 竹脚手架竹脚手架band iron 扁铁，扁钢扁铁，扁钢bar cutter 钢筋切断机钢筋切断机 bar list 钢筋表钢筋表bar spacing 钢筋间距钢筋间距base board 踢脚板踢脚板basic module 基本模数基本模数BC=building code 建筑法规建筑法规beam-and-column construction 梁柱结构（框架结构）梁柱结构（框架结构） beam-and-girder construction 主次梁梁格结构主次梁梁格结构 beam-and-slab construction 梁板结构梁板结构beam with one overhanging end 悬臂梁cantilever beam, overhanging beam beam with simply supported ends 简支梁simple beam, simple-supported beam, simply supported beam beam with fixed ends 固端梁固端梁bending stiffness 弯曲刚度弯曲刚度bending strength 抗弯强度抗弯强度bending stress 弯曲应力弯曲应力bend bar 弯起钢筋，弯筋弯起钢筋，弯筋commemorative architecture 纪念性建筑纪念性建筑 commercial buildings 商业建筑物,商业房屋商业房屋 compacted fill 压实填土,夯实填土夯实填土compacted soil 压实土压实土compaction by layers 分层填土夯实分层填土夯实compaction by rolling 碾压碾压碾压 compaction by vibration 振动压实振动压实compartmentation 隔断隔断completion acceptance 竣工验收竣工验收completion date 竣工日期竣工日期compression bar 受压钢筋受压钢筋compression steel 受压钢筋受压钢筋concealed work 隐蔽工程隐蔽工程conductor 水落管水落管construction administration 施工管理施工管理 constructional drawing 施工图,构造图构造图 construction and installation work 建筑安装工程建筑安装工程 construction company 建筑公司建筑公司construction economics 建筑经济建筑经济construction industry 建筑(工)业construction in process 在建工程在建工程在建工程 construction management plan 施工组织设计施工组织设计施工组织设计 construction period 施工工期施工工期construction site 施工现场施工现场creep 徐变,蠕变蠕变cross wall 横墙横墙dark room 暗室暗室design development phase 技术设计阶段技术设计阶段技术设计阶段 design scheme 设计方案设计方案detail drawing 详图,大样图,细部图细部图development area 开发区开发区digestion tank 化粪池septic tank, sewage tank distributed load 分布荷载分布荷载distributing bars 分布钢筋分布钢筋 distribution reinforcement 分布钢筋分布钢筋BL=dead load 恒载,自重自重dogleg stair 双折楼梯half turndomestic building 居住房屋,住宅住宅door window 落地窗落地窗 dormitory 宿舍宿舍downspout 雨水管,落水管drain spout, fall pipe, leader pipe, rain conductor, rain leader, rain-water leaderdrip line 滴水线滴水线washroom 厕所,盥洗室盥洗室earthquake intensity地震烈度地震烈度earthquake load 地震荷载地震荷载earthquake resistant design抗震设计抗震设计earthwork土石方工程土石方工程earthwork quantity土方工程量土方工程量eave 屋檐屋檐effective depth 有效高度,有效深度,有效厚度有效厚度enameled tile 琉璃瓦,釉面砖釉面砖engineering geological prospecting工程地质勘探工程地质勘探expanded joint 伸缩缝,温度缝shrinkage joint, temperature joint factory building厂房厂房figured glass 图案玻璃,压花玻璃patterned glassfixed window固定窗固定窗flat skylight平天窗平天窗flexible foundation 柔性基础柔性基础floor load楼面荷载楼面荷载floor plan楼屋平面图楼屋平面图floor-to-ceiling height楼面至顶棚高度,室内净高室内净高floor-to-floor height楼面至楼面高度楼面至楼面高度story height层高层高farmed steel 型钢shape(d) steelfoundation beam 基础梁基础梁foundation bed 基础垫层基础垫层gable 出墙出墙 ~ wallgalvanized iron 镀锌铁皮,白铁皮白铁皮general arrangement drawing总体布置图,总平面图总平面图general layout 总平面图,总体布置总体布置glass fiber reinforced plastics玻璃纤维增强塑料玻璃钢玻璃纤维增强塑料,玻璃钢glued board 胶合板胶合板gravel 砾石; ~ cobble 卵石卵石pebble gravel, pebble stone ground engineering地基工程地基工程ground floor plan底层平面图底层平面图groundwater surface 地下水位phreatic (water ) surfacegutter明沟,天沟天沟rain-gutter檐沟,天沟天沟hair 麻刀hempmixed sand 混合砂混合砂mechanics of materials 材料力学材料力学材料力学theoretical mechanics 理论力学理论力学elastic mechanics弹性力学弹性力学structural mechanics结构力学结构力学architectural mechanics建筑力学建筑力学fracture mechanics断裂力学断裂力学soil mechanics土力学土力学rock mechanics 岩石力学岩石力学fluid mechanics 流体力学流体力学abrasive floor 防滑地板防滑地板accelerated cement 快凝水泥快凝水泥accelerator 促凝剂，速凝剂促凝剂，速凝剂acceptance of hidden subsurface work 隐蔽工程验收隐蔽工程验收 acceptance of tender 得标得标acceptance of work subelements 分项工程验收分项工程验收分项工程验收 access eye 清扫孔，检查孔清扫孔，检查孔access hole 检修孔检修孔access plate 检修孔盖板检修孔盖板accordion shades 折叠式活动隔断，屏风折叠式活动隔断，屏风 acid 酸alkali 碱acoustical insulation 隔声隔声red clay 红粘土adamic earthadhesive bitumen primer 冷底子油冷底子油 administration of the construction contract 施工合同管理施工合同管理 aerial ladder 消防梯消防梯non-bearing wall 非承重墙non-load bearing wall norm for detailed estimates 预算定额预算定额 norm for preliminary estimates 概算定额概算定额 norm for estimating labor requirements 劳动定额劳动定额 norm for estimating material requirements 材料定额材料定额 open ditch 明沟open trench outside finish 外装修外装修partion 隔壁, ~ screen 隔断隔断隔断 pea shingle 豆砾石，绿豆砂豆砾石，绿豆砂 pipeline gas 管道煤气管道煤气plastic hinge 塑性铰塑性铰plinth (wall)勒脚勒脚pointing (joints)勾缝勾缝pointing masonry 勾缝砌体,清水墙清水墙 porch 门廊,走廊走廊 pore water 孔隙水孔隙水post-tensioning method 后张法后张法precast concrete lintel 预制混凝土过梁预制混凝土过梁预制混凝土过梁 precast reinforced concrete building 预制钢筋混凝土房屋预制钢筋混凝土房屋预制钢筋混凝土房屋 monolithic reinforced concrete building 整体式钢筋混凝土房屋整体式钢筋混凝土房屋整体式钢筋混凝土房屋 prestressed concrete 预应力混凝土预应力混凝土 pretensioning method 先张法先张法protecting cap 安全帽protective cap, safety helmet protecting net 安全网安全网public building 公共建筑公共建筑public comfort station 公共厕所公共厕所public convenience pump concrete 泵送混凝土pumping concrete half landing 楼梯平台landing platform, stair landing, stair platform hallway 门厅,过道过道hemp thread 麻丝麻丝high-rise hotel 高层旅馆,高层饭店高层饭店 hip 屋脊线屋脊线hoop reinforcement 环筋,箍筋箍筋hull core structure 筒体结构筒体结构inside finish 内装修内装修 jalousie window 百叶窗, louver windowjunior beam 次梁secondary beam, secondary girder main beam 主梁primary beam, primary girder kick strip 踢脚踢脚step 踏步踏步L & CM=lime and cement mortar 石灰水泥砂浆石灰水泥砂浆 lintel (门窗门窗)过梁过梁 longitudinal bar 纵向钢筋纵向钢筋low-rise building 低层建筑低层建筑LR = living room 起居室,客厅sitting room, parlo(u)r mastic 玛碲脂,树脂,嵌缝料嵌缝料 membrane curing 薄膜养护薄膜养护metallic tape 钢卷尺钢卷尺metal window 钢窗钢窗mid-span moment 跨中弯矩跨中弯矩mix(ing) proportion 配合比,混合比mix(ing) ratio mopboard 踢脚板踢脚板 skirtboard, skirting boardmosquito screen mosquito screen 纱窗, screen window , screen window。

土木工程英语词典

AAbram's rule阿勃拉姆规则Abrasion磨耗Accelerated strength testing快速强度试验Acid resistance耐酸性Adiabatic temperature rise绝热升温Admixture外加剂Aggregate集料（混凝土）Air entrainment引气（加气）Autoclave高压釜Accelerated curing快速养护Absorbed water吸附水Added water附加水Aggregate bulk density集料松散容重Auti-corrosion Admixture防锈剂Anisotropic materials各向异性材料Air-entrained concrete引气混凝土Air Entrain Admixture引气剂Aggregate porosity集料孔隙率Artificial marble人造大理石Alite阿利特Alkali-aggregate reaction碱－集料反应Alkalies in Portland cement波特兰水泥中的碱Alkali-silica reaction碱－二氧化硅反应Anhydrite无水石膏（硬石膏）Autoclave expansion test高压釜膨胀试验Air-entrained concrete加气混凝土Adhesion agent粘着剂Accelerating agent速凝剂All mesh ferrocement无筋钢丝网水泥Allyl-Butadiene-Styrene丙烯氰－丁二烯－苯乙烯共聚树脂（ABS）Air pockets鼓泡Axial tensive property轴心受拉性能Axial compressive property轴心受压性能Air impermeability气密性Abnormal Polypropylene无规聚丙烯（APP）Asbestos fibres石棉纤维Asbestos insulation石棉绝热制品Autoclave expansion test压蒸法Artificial人造石Air entraining and water-reducing admixture 引气减水剂Active addition活性混合材Addition of cement水泥混合材Aluminoferic cement clinker铁铝酸盐水泥熟料Age龄期，时期Aluminum silicate wool硅酸铝棉Aluminum foil铝箔Air space insulation封闭空气间层Areal thermal resistance（specific thermal resistance）比热阻（热导率的倒数）Absorptivity吸收率Air permeability（Air penetration coefficient）空气渗透率BBrick 绝热砖Bond strength 粘结强度Bleeding 泌水Bitumen-determination of penetration 沥青针入度测定法Battery-mold process 成组立模工艺Bar spacing 加筋间距Binder bonding agent 粘合剂Barytes 重晶石Batchhing 称量（配料）Belite 贝利特Biaxial behavior 双轴向性质Blaine fineness 勃来恩，细度Blast-furnace slag 高炉矿渣Blast-furnace slag cements 高炉矿渣水泥Blended portland cements 掺混合料的波特兰水泥Bogue equations 鲍格方程式Bond 粘结Brucite 氢氧镁石（水镁石）Bulking of sand 砂的湿胀Bull-float 刮尺Board（block）insulation 绝热板Bitumastic paint 沥青涂料Bituminous road materials 沥青筑路材料Blowing agent 发泡剂Bar between mesh 加筋Ball impact test （******强度）落球试验法Basic constituent 碱性组分基本成分Basicity 碱度，碱性Batch mixture 配合料Bend stress 弯曲应力Bituminous paint 沥青涂料Bituminous concrete 沥青混凝土Block brick 大型砌块Blunger 搅拌器，打浆机Brick setting 砖砌体(brickwork)Brittle point of asphalt 沥青冷脆点Broken stone 碎石Bubbing potential 发泡能力Building brick 建筑红砖Building system 建筑体系，建筑系统Brittle material 脆性材料CCalcium aluminate cement 铝酸钙水泥Calcium aluminates 铝酸钙Calcium chloride 氯化钙Calcium ferroaluminates 铁铅酸钙Calcium hydroxide 氢氧化钙Calcium oxide 氧化钙Calcium silicate hydrate 水化硅酸钙Calcium silicate 硅酸钙Calcium sulfates 硫酸钙Calcium sulfoaluminate 硫铅酸钙Calcium sulfoaluminate hydrates 水化硫铝酸钙Capillary voids（pores）in cement 水泥中的毛细管Capillary water 毛细管水Carbon dioxide 二氧化碳Cavitation 混凝土中的大孔洞，空蚀作用Cement fineness 水泥细度Cement paste 水泥浆Cement soundness 水泥安定性Cement specifications 水泥规范Cement strength 水泥强度Cement types 水泥品种Ceramsite 陶粒Chalcedony 玉髓Chemically combined water 化学结合水Chert 燧石（黑硅石）Chloride 氯化物Chloroprene Rubber 氯丁橡胶（CR）Chord modulus 弦弹性模量Clinker 熟料Coarse aggregate 粗集料Cold-weather concreting 冷天浇筑混凝土Compacting factor test 捣实系数试验Compaction（consolidation）捣实（捣固）Compressive strength 抗压强度Computer control system 计算机控制系统Concrete batching plant 混凝土搅拌站Concrete composition 混凝土配合比Concrete products 混凝土制品Concrete pump 混凝土输送泵Coefficient of permeability of concrete 混凝土渗透系数Carbonated lime sand brick 碳化灰砂砖Carbonating 碳化处理Cement resistance to chemical 水泥抗化学侵蚀性Cube size 立方体试件尺寸Characteristic strength 特征强度Coarse aggregate ratio to fine 粗集料玉细集料之比Carbonated shrinkage 碳化收缩Calcium silicate insulation 硅酸钙绝热制品Cellular（foamed）glass 泡沫玻璃（多孔玻璃）Composite insulation 复合绝热层Cold rolled steel 冷轧钢Cellular concrete 多孔混凝土Complex accelerator based on triethanolamine 三乙醇胺复合早强剂Component 组分，成分，构件Compliance 柔度Composite 复合，合成，复合材料Composite insulation 复合绝热层Composite portland cement 复合硅酸盐水泥Concrete 混凝土Condensed silica fume 浓缩（凝聚）的二氧化硅烟雾（硅粉）Consistency 绸度Core tests 钻芯试验Corrosion of steel in concrete 混凝土中钢筋的腐蚀Cost of concrete 混凝土成本Cracking 开裂Creep 徐变Critical aggregate size 临界集料尺寸C-S-H 水化硅酸钙Coefficient of thermal expansion 热膨胀系数Conductivity 导热性Coefficient of shrinkage 收缩系数Coefficient of permeability of concrete 混凝土收缩系数Cement mortar 水泥胶砂Crescent ribbed bars 月牙肋钢筋Concrete block 混凝土砌块Cold-drawn reinforcement bar 冷拉钢筋Cold rolled steel 冷轧钢Condensation polymerization 缩聚反应Critical degree of saturation 临界饱和度Critical stress 临界压力Cryogenic behavior 低温性质Crystallization pressure of salts 盐的结晶压力Crystal structure and reactivity 结晶结构和活性Curing 养护Civil Engineering 土木工程Cement 水泥Crack 裂缝Calcium silicate insulation 硅酸钙绝热制品Cement mortar 水泥砂浆Cork 软木Cork insulation 软木绝热制品Cellular（foamed）plastics 泡沫塑料（多孔塑料）Cellular（foamed）polystyrene 聚苯乙烯泡沫塑料Cellular（foamed）polyurethane 聚氨脂泡沫塑料Calcium-resin insulating board 钙塑绝热板Cellular（foamed）rubber 泡沫橡胶DDarby 刮尺D-cracking D行裂缝Deicing salts action 除冰盐作用Diatomaceous earth 硅藻土质泥土Dicalcium silicate（C2S）硅酸二钙Dynamic modulus of elasticity 动弹性模量Dolomite 白云石Drying shrinkage 干燥收缩（干缩）Ductility 延性Durability 耐久性Durability factor 耐久性因素Decoration glass 装饰玻璃Decoration mortar 装饰砂浆Deformed bar 变形钢筋，螺纹钢Defoamer 消泡剂Dense concrete 密实混凝土Diatomaceous silicate 硅藻土(Kieselguhr，diatomite)Diatomite insulation 硅藻土绝热制品Density 密度Deformation 变形钢筋Degree of hardness 硬度Degree of humidity 湿度EEarly-age behavior早期性质Ecological benefit生态效应Effective absorption有效吸收Efflorescence白霜Elastic modulus弹性模量Electron micrographs电子显微图Energy requirement能量需要Entrained air引入的空气Extensibility可伸长性Emerging wire露丝Emerging mesh露网Expanded perlite膨胀珍珠岩Epoxy Resin环氧树脂Erosion冲刷风化、剥蚀Ettringite钙矾石Expanded clay and shale膨胀粘土和页岩Expanded slag aggregate膨胀矿渣集料Expansive cement concrete膨胀水泥混凝土Expansive cement膨胀水泥Expansive phenomena in concrete混凝土中的膨胀现象Expanded vermiculite膨胀蛭石Expanded rermiculite insulation膨胀蛭石制品Expanded plastics多孔塑料Engineering plastics工程塑料F Fabriform土工模袋False set假凝Feldspar长石Fiber-reinforced concrete纤维增强混凝土Final set终凝Fine aggregate细集料Fineness modulus细度模量Flowing concrete流动混凝土Fly ash粉煤灰Foamed slag泡沫矿渣Formwork removal拆模Ferromanganese锰钢Flow of cement mortar水泥胶砂流动度Fiber reinforced plastics纤维增强塑料Fiber-glass reinforced plastics玻璃纤维增强塑料Facebrick饰面砖，面砖Facing tile外墙面砖Faience mosaic嵌花地砖，釉陶锦砖Fiber cement纤维水泥Figured glass压花玻璃Fine sand细砂Fineness of cement水泥细度Finishing抹面（修整）Flash set闪凝（瞬间凝结）Flexural strength弯曲强度Flint燧石Floating刮平Fracture toughness断裂韧性Free calcium oxide游离氧化钙Freeze-thaw resistance抗冻融性Fresh concrete新拌混凝土Facing面层Fiber insulation纤维绝热材料Flexible insulation柔性绝热制品Frost action on aggregate骨料受到冰冻作用Frost action on cement paste水泥浆受到冰冻作用Future of concrete混凝土的前景Fire resistance耐火性Ferrocement钢丝网水泥Ferrocement with skeletal bar加筋钢丝网水泥Flexural property受弯性能Fatigue resistance耐疲劳性Forst resistance抗冻性Fineness modulus细度模数（M）Flexural rigidity抗弯刚度（B）Foamed concrete泡沫混凝土Fiber board纤维板Frost action on concrete混凝土受到冰冻作用GGamma raysγ-射线Gel pores凝胶孔Gel/space ratio凝胶/空隙比（对强度的影响）(Effect on strength）Geonet土工网Geotextile土工格栅Geotextile木织物Glass geogrid土工复合排水材Geomat土工垫Gradation级配Gypsum石膏Granulated wood粒状棉Glass geogrid玻纤网Glassfiber Reinforced Plastics玻璃纤维增强塑料Glass wool玻璃棉Granular（powder）insulation颗粒绝热材料Gap-graded aggregate间断级配材料Gas concrete加气混凝土Glass玻璃体Giving a basic reaction发生碱性反应Giving an acid reaction发生酸性反应Grading颗粒级配Grain-size refinement级配曲线Gravel砾石、卵石Graywacke杂砂岩Grout薄浆（灌浆）Granite花岗岩Graph图表、图解Green concrete新拌混凝土Gritly粗砂状的Ground slag矿渣粉Gypsum wall board石膏墙板Gypsum concrete石膏混凝土HHardening 硬化Hcp 水化水泥浆的简写Heat of hydration 水化热Heavyweight aggregate 重集料Heavyweight concrete 重混凝土Hemihydrate 半水化物High-alumina cement 高铝水泥High-early strength cement 高早强水泥High-strength concrete 高强混凝土High-workability concrete 高工作性混凝土Hot-weather concreting 热天浇筑混凝土Hydrophilic and hydrophobic 亲水与憎水Hydrated（portland）cement paste 已水化的水泥浆Hydration of portland cement 波特兰水泥的水化Hydration reaction of aluminates 铝酸盐的水化Hydration reaction of silicates 硅酸盐的水化反应Hydraulic cement 水硬性水泥Hydraulic pressure 水压力Honeycomb 蜂窝Heat transfer rate 热流量Homogeneous materials 均质材料High-tensile reinforcing steel 高强度钢筋High-tensile wire 高强钢丝High carbon steel 高碳钢High strength concrete 高强混凝土High performance concrete 高性能混凝土IIgneous rocks for aggregate 作为集料的岩浆岩Impact strength ******强度Impregnation with polymers 用聚合物浸渍Initial set 初凝Initial tangent modulus 初始正切模量Interlayer space in C-S-H C-S-H中的层间空间Interlayer water in C-S-H C-S-H中的层间水Iron blast-furnace slag 化铁高炉渣Iron ores aggregate（heavyweight）铁矿石（重集料）Isotropic materials 各向同性材料Iron wire 低碳钢丝Impact ductility ******韧性Impact strength 抗******强度Impermeability 抗渗性，不渗透性Impermeability to water 抗渗水性，不透水性Impregnate 浸渍，渗透Index of quality 品质指标，质量控制标准Inhomogeneous 不均匀的，多相的Initial shrinkage 早期收缩Initial strength 早期强度Insulating layer 隔热层Intarsia 玻璃锦砖Impact resistance 抗******性JJet set cement 喷射水泥Jolting table 振动台Job mix 现场配合Jaw crusher 颚式破碎机KKilled steel 镇静钢Kiln dust 窑灰，飞灰Kiln building 窑房Kiln plant 窑设备Kilogram calorie 千卡，大卡Knot 木节Kominuter 球磨LLow PH value cement 低碱水泥Laitance 浆皮Leaching of cement paste 水泥浆渗漏Lime cement 石灰水泥Limestone 石灰石Lightweight aggregates 轻集料Lightweight concrete 轻混凝土Lignosulfonate 木质磺酸盐Low heat Portland cement 低热波特兰水泥Laboratory 实验室Lean concrete 贫混凝土Loss of slump of concrete 混凝土的坍落度损失Le chatelier soundness test 雷氏夹法Loss on ignition 烧失量Light weight ferrocement 轻质钢丝网水泥Longitudinal bar 纵筋Longitudinal bar spacing 纵筋间距Loose fill insulation 松散填充绝热层Low alloy steel 低合金钢Low caron colddrawn steel 冷拔低碳钢丝Longitudinal rib 纵肋Lumber grading 木材等级MMacrostructure 宏观结构Magnesium oxide 氧化镁Magnesiun salts solution effect on concrete 镁盐溶液对混凝土的影响Map cracking 地图形裂纹Marcasite 白铁矿Mass concrete 大体积混凝土Maturity concept 成熟度概念Maturity meters 成熟度测定仪Microcracking 微裂缝Microsilica 微细二氧化硅（硅粉）Minimum crack spacing 最小裂缝间距Microcrack 微裂Modulus of deformation 变形模量（EB）Mineral wool insulation 矿棉绝热制品Mineral fibres 矿棉纤维Masonry cement 砌筑水泥Mild steel 低碳钢Medium carbon steel 中碳钢Moisture content of wood 木材含水量Moisture 湿度水分Moisture condition 含水状态Mocromolecule high polymer 高分子Microstructure 微观结构Mixing of concrete 矿物外加剂Mixing water 拌合用水Mix proportioning（designing）配合比（设计）Mix proportions 配合比Modified portland cement 改性的波特兰水泥Modulus of elasticity 弹性模量Modulus of rupture 挠折模量（破裂模量）Monosulfate hydrate 单硫酸盐水化物Mortar 砂浆Multiaxial strength 多轴向强度Mumicipal-waste aggregate 城市废物集料Moisture absorption 吸湿率（water vapour absorption）Moisture content of aggregate 骨料含水量Matrix 基材Mesh-bar placement and tying 铺网扎筋Manual plastering 手工抹浆Maximum size of sand 砂的最大粒径Mortar consistency 砂浆绸度Mortar strength 砂浆强度Maximum crack width 最大裂缝宽度Mix proportion by absolute volume 绝对体积配合比（设计）Mix proportion by loose volume 现场松散体积配合比（设计）Mixed-in-place 现场拌和Mix proportion by weight 重量配合比Mixed process 混合过程Mixing time 拌和时间Mixing water 拌和水Modility 流动性Membreane curing 薄膜养护Map cracking 龟裂Mastic 玛脂Modulus of elasticity concrete 混凝土弹性模量Modulus of water-glass 水玻璃模数Masonry mortar 砌筑砂浆Maximum aggregate size 最大集料粒径Marber 大理岩Moderate heat portland cement 中热硅酸盐水泥Moderate heat of hydration 中热Moderate sulfate resistance 中抗硫酸盐Magnitude of self-stress 自应力NNDT 非破损试验的缩写Neutron radiation 中子辐射Neoprene 氯丁橡胶NNO water reducer NNO型减水剂Non-hydranlic cement 气硬性水泥Non-destructive tests 非破损试验Nuclear shielding concrete 核屏蔽混凝土Normal distribution 正太分布OOscillating screen 振动筛Oscillation generator 振动器Oscillator 振动器Oil-well platform concrete 油井平台混凝土Opal 蛋白石Overlays of concrete 混凝土覆盖层Oriented water 定向的水Osmotic pressure 渗透压力Oven-dry aggregate 炉干骨料Overall thermal conductance 总导热系数Organosilicon 有机硅Organosilicon resin 有机硅树脂Oscillate 振动，振荡Ordinary low-alloy steel 普通低合金钢Ordinary oil well cement 普通油井水泥Ordinary portland cement 普通硅酸盐水泥PParticle size 颗粒尺寸Penetration resistance 抗贯入性Periclase 方镁石Perlite 珍珠岩Permeability 渗透性Phosphate 磷酸盐Phenolic Formaldehyde 酚醛树脂（PF）Placing of concrete 混凝土的浇筑Plaster of paris 建筑石膏Polypropylene 聚丙烯（PP）Polystyrene 聚苯乙烯（PS）Polystyrene-plywood laminate 聚苯乙烯胶合木板Polyester plastics 聚酯塑料Plastic veneer 塑料贴面板Plastic-steel window 塑钢窗Polyester 聚酯Polyester Resin 聚酯树脂（PR）Plastic shrinkage 塑性收缩Poisson's ratio 泊松比Polymer concrete 聚合物混凝土（PC）Polymer-impregnated concrete 聚合物浸渍混凝土（PIC）Polymer-cement concrete 聚合物水泥混凝土（PCC）Polymethylmethacrylate 聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯（PMMA）Pore-size distrbution 孔径分布Pore-size refinement 孔径尺寸修整Prestressed ferrocement 预应力钢丝网水泥Plain Quality assurance 质量保证Prestressed steel 预应力钢筋Pumped concrete 泵送混凝土Pumice concrete concrete block 浮石混凝土砌块Plastics 塑料Polythene 聚乙烯（PE）Polyvinyl Alcohol 聚乙烯醇（PVA）Polyvinyl Acetate 聚醋酸乙烯（PVAC）Polyvinyl Chloride 聚氯乙烯（PVC）Polyvinyl Formal 聚乙烯醇缩甲醛（PVFO）Porosity 孔隙率Portland cement 波特兰水泥Portland blast-furnace slag cement 高炉矿渣波特兰水泥Portlandite 氢氧钙石Portland pozzolan cement 火山灰质波特兰水泥Potential compound composition 潜在化合物成分Pyrite pyrrhotite 硫化铁，黄铁矿Particle size distribution 粒度分布Pat test 试饼法PH-value PH值Pozzolan 火山灰Pozzolanic reaction 火山灰质反应Preplaced aggregate concrete 预填集料混凝土Proportioning 配合Pulverized fuel ash 磨细粉煤灰Pull-out test 拔出试验Pumice 浮石QQuick set 快凝Quality 质量Quality control 质量控制Quartz glass 石英玻璃Quartz glass fiber 石英玻璃纤维Quartz sand 石英砂Quick lime 生石灰[CaO]Quartz 石英Quatzite 石英岩Quick-taking cement 快凝水泥Quick hardening 水硬性水泥Quench 水淬，骤冷RRadiation shielding concrete辐射屏蔽混凝土Rapid setting and hardening cement快凝与快硬水泥Revibration重新振捣Rice husk ash谷糠灰Ready-mixed concrete预拌混凝土Recycled-concrete aggregate再生混凝土集料Regulated-set cement调凝水泥Retarding admixtures缓凝外加剂Retempering重新调拌Roller-compacted concrete滚筒-压实混凝土Reinforced plastics加筋塑料Reinforcement mat钢筋网Resistance to chemical attack of mortar砂浆耐蚀性Rock wool岩石棉Rigid insulation刚性绝热制品Rib height肋高Rib spacing肋间距Ribbed bars带肋钢筋Rich concrete富混凝土Residue on sieve筋余Raw limestone石灰石Raw gypsum二水石膏SSalt crystallization pressure 盐的结晶压力Sand 砂Sandstone 砂岩Saturated surface dry condition 饱和面干条件Scaling 起皮，鳞片状剥落Schmidt rebound hammer 希密特回弹仪Screeding 抹平Seawater 海水Secant elastic modulus 正割弹性模量Sedimentary rocks for aggregate 作为集料的沉积岩Segregation 离析Self-stressing cement 自应力水泥Setting of cement paste 水泥浆的凝结Special hydraulic cement 特种水硬性水泥Specifications 规范Specific heat 比热Specific surface area 比表面积Sphericity 圆度Splitting ******* strength 劈裂抗拉强度Standard specifications 标准规范Standard test method 标准试验方法Stiffening of cement paste 水泥浆的变硬Strain 应变Strength 强度Setting of concrete 混凝土的凝结Shear-bond failure 剪切粘结破坏Shear strength 剪切强度Shotcreting 喷射混凝土浇筑Shrinkage 收缩Shrinkage-compensating concrete 收缩补偿混凝土Sieve analysis of aggregate 集料的筛分析Silica fume 硅粉Slag 矿渣Slip-formed concrete 滑模混凝土Slump cone test 坍落度锥体试验Slump loss in concrete 混凝土中坍落度损失Solid/space ratio 固体∕空隙比Solid-state hydration 固态水化Soundness 安定性Spacing-factors of entrained air 引入空气的间距因素Structural lightweight concrete 结构轻混凝土Structure（microstructure）of concrete 混凝土的（微观）结构Structures（concrete）in photographs 混凝土结构照片Sulfate attack 硫酸盐侵蚀Sulfate resisting cement 抗硫酸盐水泥Sulfates in portland cement 波特兰水泥中的硫酸盐Sulfides and sulfate aggregate 硫化物与硫酸盐集料Standard sand 标准砂Strength of cement mortar 水泥胶砂强度Strength grade of cement 水泥强度等级Spiral reinforcement 螺纹钢筋Stirrup 箍筋Struture lightweight concrete 结构用轻混凝土Specimen 试件Self-stressing concrete 自应力混凝土Sand grading 砂的级配Sand grading curve 砂的级配曲线Sand grading standard region 砂的级配标准区Self-stressing ferrocement 自应力钢丝网水泥Self-stressing cement mortar 自应力水泥砂浆Shear steel 剪切钢筋Saturation capacity 饱和含水量Saturation point 饱和点Stearic acid 硬脂酸Surface-active agents 表面活性剂Synthetic resin binder 树脂粘结剂Synthetic lightweight aggregate 人造轻集料Shotereting process 喷浆工艺Scaling 麻面Surface dusting 表面起砂Sandwich 夹层Shrinkage crack 收缩裂缝Stressed crack 受力裂缝Special steel 特种钢Sawdust concrete 锯屑混凝土Softening point test 软化点试验Solidification 凝固作用Stress 应力Stress intensity factor 应力强度因素Stress-strain curve 应力－应变曲线Surface moisture 表面水Splitting strength 劈裂强度Splitting failure 劈裂破坏Standard error 标准误差Stand sieve 标准筛Static modulus 静弹性模量Steam curing 蒸汽养护Strength grading 强度级别Strength of cube 立方体强度Strength at 28 days 28天强度Stress concentration 应力集中Styrene Butadiene Rubber 丁苯橡胶（SBR）Styrene-Butadiene-Styrene 苯－丁－苯乙烯Sulphoaluminate cement clinker 硫铝酸盐熟料Surface energy 表面能Surface hardness 表面强度Surface ******* 表面张力Sand-lime brick 灰砂砖Saturated aggregate 饱和水集料Superplasticized admixture 超塑化外加剂Surface area 表面积Strength of aggregate 集料强度Strength of cylinders 圆柱体强度Supersulphated cement 石膏矿渣水泥Setting time of concrete 混凝土的凝结时间Standard of concrete 混凝土强度Standard deviation 标准差Structure high density concrete 结构高表观密度混凝土Steel-fibre concrete 钢纤维混凝土Set retarder admixture 缓凝剂Set retarding and water-reducing admixture 缓凝减水剂Superplasticizer admixture 高效减水剂Superplasticized concrete 超塑性混凝土Setting time 凝结时间Sulphonated formaldehyde melamine 磺化甲醛三聚氰胺Saturated and surface-dry aggregate 饱和面干集料TTangent modulus of elasticity 正切弹性模量Temperature effects 温度效应Tensile strain 拉伸应变Tensile strain capacity 拉伸应变能力Tensile strength 拉伸强度（抗拉强度）Test methods 试验方法Thermal conductivity 导热性Thermal expansion coefficient 热膨胀系数Thermal shrinkage 热收缩Truckmixing 卡车搅拌Total water/cement ratio 总水灰比Trial mixes 试拌合物The particle grading 颗粒级配Tough aggregate 韧性集料Timber 木材Thermal insulation material 保温材料Test sieve 试验筛Through-solution hydration 通过溶液的水化Time of set 凝结时间Tobermorite gel 莫来石凝胶Topochemical hydration 局部水化Toughness 韧性Transition zone 过渡区Transporting concrete 混凝土输送Tricalcium aluminate 铝酸三钙Tricalcium silicate 硅酸三钙Triethanolamine 三乙醇胺Testing of material 材料试验Testing sieve shaker 试验用振动筛分机Test load 试验负荷Test method 试验仪表Test report 试验报告Test result 试验结果Tetracalcium aluminate hydrate 水化铝酸四钙Texture of wood 木材纹理Theories of cement setting and hardening 水泥凝结硬化理论Thermal contraction 热收缩Thermal diffusivity 热扩散性Thermosetting plastics 热固性塑料Technical manual 技术规范Test method of ferrocement panels in flexure 钢丝网水泥板受弯试验方法Transverse barspacing 横筋间距Thermo plastics 热塑性塑料Transverse rib 横肋Transverse bar 横筋Temperature shrinkage 温度收缩Thermal insulation material 绝热材料Thermal insulation properties 保温性能Thermal insulating concrete 绝热混凝土Thermal insulating plaster（Thermal insulating mortar）绝热砂浆UUltrasonic pulse velocity 超声脉冲速度Unixial compression behavior 单轴向受压状况Ultimate creep 极限徐变Ultimate strain 极限应变Unlimited swelling gel 无限膨胀凝胶Units of measurement 计量单位Unit weight 单位重量Ultimate gation 极限伸长值Ultimate principles 基本原理Ultrasonic inspection 超声波样份Uncombined CaO 游离CaOVVander Wale force 范德华力Vebe test 维勃试验Vermiculite 蛭石Very high early strength cement 超高早强水泥Vibration 振动，振捣Vicat apparatus 维卡仪Void in hydrated cement paste 水化水泥浆中的孔隙Volcanic glass 火山玻璃Vinsol resin 松香皂树脂Vapor pressure 蒸汽压力Variegated glass 大理石纹Veneer 墙面砖、饰面砖Vesicular structure 多孔结构Vicat needle 维卡仪Viscometer 粘度仪Viscosity 粘度粘滞性Viscosity of asphalt 沥青粘滞性Voids ratio 孔隙率Vibro-moulding process 振动成型工艺Vibrating stamping process 震动模压工艺Vibrating vacuum-dewater process 振动-真空脱水工艺Vacuum insulation 真空绝热Vapour barrier，water vapour retarder 隔汽层Vibrating table 振动台Voids detection 空隙的测定V-B test（vebe test）维勃证WWater 水Water/cement ratio 水灰比Water-reducing admixture 减水剂Water tightness 水密性、不透水性Water content 用水量Water requirement 需水量Water-lightness 透水性Water-reducing retaders 缓凝减水剂White cement 白水泥Windsor probe 温莎探针Winter concreting 混凝土冬季浇筑Workability 工作性（工作度）Wetting agents 温润剂Water solubility 水溶性Water retentivity 保水性Water storage 在水中养护Water repellent 疏水的、不吸水的、憎水的Water resistance 抗水性Water vapor 水蒸汽Wearability 耐磨性Weather resistance 耐候性Workability 可加工性Wood-preserving process 木材防腐处理Work done by impact ******功Weighting error 称量误差Workability loss of with time 和易性随时间损失Workability of ready-mixed concrete 预拌混凝土和易性Workability of light-weight concrete 轻混凝土和易性Water-reducing admixture 普通减水剂Water-proofing 防水的Water-proofing admixture 防水剂Wire rope 钢绞线Workability measurement 和易性测量Wire mesh 钢丝网Welded mesh 焊接网Wood wool slab 木丝板Water content（moisture content）含水率（湿度）Water absorption 吸水率Wet screening 湿法筛分，湿筛析Wetting and drying 潮湿与干燥Workability control 和易性控制Workability definition 和易性定义Water pepellent admixture 防水剂Water requirement for normal consistency of cement paste 水泥净浆标准绸度用水量Water proofing compound 防水化合物XX-ray diffiraction analysis X射线衍射分析X-ray phase analysis X射线相分析X-rayogram X射线图式X-ray spectrometer X射线光谱仪YYield limit 屈服极限Yield point 屈服点Yield strength 屈服强度Yield stress 屈服应力Yield of steel 钢材的屈服ZZones for sand grading 砂级配区Zeta-potential ζ－电位Zone of heating 预热带。

公路工程专用词汇

道路工程英文翻译术语abrasiveness 磨耗度absolute datum 绝对基面abutment 桥台abutment pier制动墩acceleration lane加速车道accidental load 偶然荷载accommodation lane 专用车道acoustic barrier 隔音墙acting circles of blasting 爆破作用圈additional stake 加桩adjacent curve in one direction 同向曲线admixture 外加剂admixture 反坡安全线aerial photogrammetry 航空摄影测量aerophoto base 航摄基线aerophoto interpretation 航摄像片判读ageing 老化aggregate 集料（骨料）air hardining 气硬性alignment design （城市道路)平面设计,线形设计alignment element 线形要素alligator cracking 路面龟裂allowable rebound deflection 容许（回弹）弯沉alternative line 比较线anchored bulkhead abutment 锚锭板式桥台anchored bulkhead abutment 锚锭板式挡土墙anchored retaining wall 锚杆式挡土墙anionic emulsified bitumen 阴离子乳化沥青annual **＊erage daily traffic 年平均日交通量anti—creep heap （厂矿道路）挡车堆anti—dizzling screen 防炫屏（遮光栅）antiskid heap (厂矿道路）防滑堆approach span 引桥aquitard 隔水层arch bridge 拱桥arch culvert 拱涵arch ring 拱圈arterial highway 干线公路arterial road （厂内）主干道，（城市)主干路asphalt distributor 沥青洒布车asphalt mixing plant 沥青混合料拌和设备asphalt remixer 沥青混合料摊铺机asphalt remixer 复拌沥青混合料摊铺机asphalt sand 沥青砂asphalt sprayer 沥青洒布机asphaltic bitumen 地沥青at—grade intersection 平面交叉auxiliary lane 附加车道＊*＊erage consistency (of soil）土的)平均稠度＊＊*erage gradient 平均纵坡aximuth angle 方位角balance weight retaining wall 衡重式挡土墙base course 基层base line 基线basic traffic capacity 基本通行能力beam bridge 梁桥beam level deflectometer 杠杆弯沉仪bearing 支座bearing angle 象限角bearing pile 支承桩bearing platform 承台bed course 垫层bench mark 水准点benched subgrade 台口式路基bending strength 抗弯强度Benkelman beam 杠杆弯沉仪（贝克曼弯沉仪）bent cap 盖梁berm 护坡道binder 结合料binder course 联结层bitumen 沥青bitumen (沥青混合料）抽提仪bitumen—aggregate ratio 油石比bituminous concrete p＊＊＊ement 沥青混凝土混合料bituminous concrete mixture 沥青混凝土路面bituminous concrete moxture 沥青碎石混合料bituminous macadam p＊＊*ement 沥青碎石路面bituminous moxture 沥青混合料bituminous p*＊*ement 沥青路面bituminous penetration p*＊*ement 沥青贯入式路面biuminous surface treatment (沥青)表面处治blasting crater 爆破漏斗blastion for loosening rock 松动爆破blasting for throwing rock 抛掷爆破blasting procedure 土石方爆破bleeding 泛油blind ditch 盲沟blind drain 盲沟block pavement 块料路面block stone 块石blow up 拱胀boring 钻探boring log (道路）地质柱状图boring machine 钻孔机borrow earth 借土borrow pit 取土坑boundary frame on crossing 道口限界架boundary frame on road 道路限界架boundary line of road construction 道路建筑限界bowstring arch bridge 系杆拱桥box culvert 箱涵branch pipe of inlet 雨水口支管branch road （城市）支路,（厂内)支道bridge 桥梁bridge decking 桥面系bridge deck p*＊＊ement 桥面铺装bridge floor expantion and contraction installation traction installation 桥面伸缩装置bridge gerder erection equpment 架桥机bridge on slope 坡桥bridge site 桥位bridle road 驮道broken chainage 断链broken stone 碎石broken back curve 断背曲线buried abutment 埋置式桥台bus bay 公交(车辆）停靠站bypass 绕行公路cable bent tower 索塔cable saddle 索鞍cable stayed bridge 斜拉桥（斜张桥)Cableway erecting equipment 缆索吊装设备California bearing ratio (CBR）加州承载比(CBR）California bearing ratio tester 加州承载比（CBR)测定仪camber cruve 路拱曲线cantilever beam bridge 悬臂梁桥cantilever beam bridge 悬臂式挡土墙capacity of intersection 交叉口通行能力capacity of network 路网通行能力capillary water 毛细水carriage way 车行道（行车道）cast—in—place cantilever method 悬臂浇筑法cationic emulsified bitumen 阳离子乳化沥青cattle—pass 畜力车道cement concrete 水泥混凝土cemint concrete p**＊ement 水泥混凝土混合料cement concrete p＊*＊ement 水泥混凝土路面center—island 中心岛center lane 中间车道center line of raod 道路中线center line survey 中线测量center stake 中桩central reserve 分隔带channelization 渠化交通shannelization island 导流岛channelized intrersection 分道转弯式交叉口chip 石屑chute 急流槽circular curve 圆曲线circular curve 环路circular test 环道试验city road 城市道路civil engineering fabric 土工织物classified highway 等级公路classified highway 等级道路clay—bound macadam泥结碎石路面clearance 净空clearance above bridge floor 桥面净空clearce of span 桥下净空climatic zoning for highway 公路自然区划climbing lane 爬坡车道cloverleaf interchange 苜蓿叶形立体交叉coal tar 煤沥青cobble stone 卵石coefficient of scouring 冲刷系数cohesive soil 粘性土cold laid method 冷铺法cold mixing method 冷拌法cold—stretched steel bar 冷拉钢筋column pier柱式墩combination-type road system 混合式道路系统compaction 压实compaction test 击实试验compaction test apparatus 击实仪compactmess test 压实度试验composite beam bridge 联合梁桥composite pipe line 综合管道（综合管廊）compound curve 复曲线conc＊＊＊e vertical curve 凹形竖曲线concrete joint cleaner (水泥混凝土）路面清缝机concrete joint sealer （水泥混凝土)路面填缝机concrete mixing plant 水泥混凝土（混合料）拌和设备concrete p*＊＊er 水泥混凝土(混合料）摊铺机concrete pump 水泥混凝土(混合料）泵concrete saw （水泥混凝土）路面锯缝机附录英汉术语对照索引cone penetrantion test 触探试验onflict point 冲突点conical slope 锥坡consistency limit (of soil）(土的）稠度界限consolidated subsoil 加固地基consolidation 固结construction by swing 转体架桥法construction height of bridge 桥梁建筑高度construction joint 施工缝construction load 施工荷载construction survey 施工测量continuous beam bridge 连续梁桥contourline 等高线contraction joint 缩缝control point 路线控制点converging 合流convex vertining wall 凸形竖曲线corduroy road 木排道counterfout retaining wall 扶壁式挡土墙counterfort abutmen 扶壁式桥台country road 乡村道路county road 县公路（县道），乡道creep 徐变critical speed 临界速度cross roads 十字形交叉cross slope 横坡cross walk 人行横道cross-sectional profile 横断面图cross—sectional survey 横断面测量crown 路拱crushed stone 碎石crushing strength 压碎值culture 地物culvert 涵洞curb 路缘石curb side strip 路侧带curve length 曲线长curve widening 平曲线加宽curved bridge 弯桥cut 挖方cut corner for sight line (路口)截角cut—fill transition 土方调配cut—fill transition 土方调配图cutting 路堑cycle path 自行车道cycle track 自行车道deceleration lane 减速车道deck bridge 上承式桥deflection angle 偏角deflection test 弯沉试验degree of compaction 压实度delay 延误density of road network 道路(网）密度edpth of tunnel 隧道埋深edsign elevation of subgrade 路基设计高程design frequency （排水）设计重现期edsign hourly volume 设计小时交通量design of evevation （城市道路）竖向设计design of vertical alignment 纵断面设计design speed 计算行车速度（设计车速）design traffic capacity 设计通行能力design vehicle 设计车辆design water level 设计水位desiged dldvation 设计高程designed flood frequency 设计洪水频率deslicking treatment 防滑处理Deval abrasion testion machine 狄法尔磨耗试验机（双筒式磨耗试验机）diamond interchange 菱形立体交叉differential photo 微分法测图direction angle 方向角directional interchange 定向式立体交叉diverging 分流dowel bar 传力杆drain opening 泄水口drainage by pumping station （立体交叉）泵站排水drainage ditch 排水沟dressed stone 料石drop water 跌水dry concrtet 干硬性混凝土ductility （of bitumen）(沥青)延度ductilometer （沥青）延度仪dummy joint 假缝dynamic consolidation 强夯法economic speed 经济车速econnomical hauling distance 土方调配经济运距element support 构件支撑elevation 高程（标高)embankment 路堤emergency parking strip 紧急停车带emulsified bitumen 乳化沥青erecting by floating 浮运架桥法erection by longitudinal pulling method 纵向拖拉法erection by protrusion 悬臂拼装法erection with cableway 缆索吊装法evaporation pond 蒸发池expansion bearing 活动支座expansive soil 膨胀土expantion joint 胀缝expressway （城市）快速路external destance 外（矢）距fabricated bridge 装配式桥fabricated steel bridge 装拆式钢桥factories and mines road 厂矿道路factory external transportation line 对外道路factory-in road 厂内道路factory—out road 厂外道路fast lane 内侧车道faulting of slab ends 错台feeder highway 支线公路ferry 渡口fibrous concrete 纤维混凝土field of viaion 视野fill 填方filled spandrel arch bridge 实腹拱桥final survey 竣工测量fineness 细度fineness modulus 细度模数fixed bearing 固定支座flare wing wall abutment 八字形桥台flared intersection 拓宽路口式交叉口flash 闪点flash point tester （open cup method）闪点仪(开口杯式）flexible p＊**ement 柔性路面flexible pier 柔性墩floor system 桥面系flush curb 平缘石foot way 人行道ford 过水路面forest highway 林区公路forest road 林区道路foundation 基础free style road system 自由式道路系统free way 高速公路free-flow speed 自由车速freeze road 冻板道路freezing and thawing test 冻融试验frost boiling 翻浆frozen soil 冻土full depth asphalt p＊＊*ement 全厚式沥青(混凝土)路面function planting 功能栽植general scour under bridge opening 桥下一般冲刷geological section （道路)地质剖面图geotextile 土工织物gradation 级配gradation of stone （路用)石料等级grade change point 变坡点grade compensation 纵坡折减grade crossing 平面交叉grade length limitation 坡长限制grade of side slope 边坡坡度grade separation 简单立体交叉grade—separated junction 立体交叉graded aggregate p＊*＊ement 级配路面brader 平地机grain composition 颗粒组成granular material 粒料gr＊＊＊el 砾石gr＊＊＊ity pier (abutment) 重力式墩、台gr＊**ity retaining wall 重力式挡土墙green belt 绿化带gridiron road system 棋盘式道路系统ground control—point survey 地面控制点测量ground elevation 地面高程ground stereophotogrammetry 地面立体摄影测量guard post 标柱guard rail 护栏guard wall 护墙gully 雨水口gutter 街沟(偏沟)gutter apron 平石gutter drainage 渠道排水half—through bridge 中承式桥hard shoulder 硬路肩hardening 硬化hardness 硬度haul road 运材道路he*＊*y maintenance 大修hectometer stake 百米桩hedge 绿篱height of cut and fill at ceneter stake 中桩填挖高度high strength bolt 高强螺栓high type p＊**ement 高级路面highway 公路highway landscape design 公路景观设计hill-side line 山坡线(山腰线)hilly terrain 重丘区horizontal alignment 平面线形horizontal curve 平曲线hot laid method 热铺法hot mixing method 热拌法hot stability (of bitumen）（沥青)热稳性hydraulic computation 水力计算hydraulic computation 水硬性imaginary intersection point 虚交点immersed tunnelling method 沉埋法inbound traffic 入境交通incremental launching method 顶推法industrial district road 工业区道路industrial solid waste （路用）工业废渣industrial waste base course 工业废渣基层inlet 雨水口inlet submerged culvert 半压力式涵洞inlet unsubmerged culvert 无压力式涵洞inorganic binder 无机结合料instrument station 测站intensity of rainstorm 暴雨强度intercepting detch 截水沟interchange 互通式立体交叉interchange woth special bicycle track 分隔式立体交叉intermediate maintenance 中修intermediate type p***ement 中级路面intersection （平面）交叉口intersection angle 交叉角，转角intersection entrance 交叉口进口intersection exit 交叉口出口intersection plan 交叉口平面图intersection point 交点intersection with widened corners 加宽转角式交叉口jack-in method 顶入法kilometer stone 里程碑land slide 坍方lane 车道lane—width 车道宽度lateral clear distance of curve （平曲线）横净距lay-by 紧急停车带level of service 道路服务水平leveling course 整平层leveling survey 水准测量light-weight concrete 轻质混凝土lighting facilities of road 道路照明设施lime pile 石灰桩line development 展线linking-up road 联络线,连接道路liquid asphaltic bitumen 液体沥青liquid limit 液限living fence 绿篱load 荷载loading berm 反压护道lading combinations 荷载组合loading plate 承载板lading platetest 承载板试验local scour near pier 桥墩局部冲刷local traffic 境内交通location of line 定线location survey 定测lock bolt support woth shotcrete 喷锚支护loess 黄土longitudinal beam 纵梁longitudinal gradient 纵坡longitudinal joint 纵缝loop ramp 环形匝道Los Angeles abrasion testion machine 洛杉矶磨耗试验机machine （搁板式磨耗试验机)low rype p＊＊*ement 低级路面main beam 主梁main bridge 主桥maintenance 养护maintenance period 大中修周期manhole 检查井marginal strip 路缘带marshall stability apparatus 马歇尔稳定度仪Marshall stability test 马歇尔试验masonry bridge 圬工桥maximum annual hourly volume 年最大小时交通量maximum dry unit weight (标准）最大干密度maximum longitudinal gradient 最大纵坡mine tunnelling method 矿山法mineral aggregate 矿料mineral powder 矿粉mini—roundabout 微形环交minimum height of fill （路基)最小填土高度minimum longitudinal gradient 最小纵坡minimum radius of horizontal curve 最小平曲线半径minimum turning radius 汽车最小转弯半径mixed traffic 混合交通mixing method 拌和法mixture 混合料model split 交通方式划分modulus of elasticity 弹性模量modulus of resilience 回弹模量modulus ratio 模量比monthly ＊**erage daily traffic 月平均日交通量motor way 高速公路mountainous terrain 山岭区movable bridge 开启桥mud 淤泥multiple—leg intersection 多岔交叉mational trunk highway 国家干线公路(国道) matural asphalt 天然沥青natural scour 自然演变冲刷natural subsoil 天然地基n*＊*igable water level 通航水位nearside lane 外侧车道net—shaped cracking 路面网裂New Austrian Tunnelling Method 新奥法observation point 测点one-way ramp 单向匝道open cut method 明挖法open cut tunnel 明洞open spandrel arch bridge 空腹拱桥opencast mine road 露天矿山道路operating speed 运行速度iptimum gradation 最佳级配iptimum moisture conter 最佳含水量optimum speed 临界速度organic binder 有机结合料origin—destination study 起迄点调查outbound traffic 出境交通outlet submerged culvert 压力式涵洞outlet inlet main road 城市出入干道overall speed 区间速度overlay of p＊＊*ement 罩面overpass grade separation 上跨铁路立体交叉overtaking lane 超车车道overtaking sight distance 超车视距paper location 纸上定线paraffin content test 含蜡量试验parent soil 原状土parking lane 停车车道parking lot 停车场parking station 公交（车辆)停靠站part out-part fill subgrade 半填半挖式路基pass 垭口passing bay 错车道patrol maintenance 巡回养护p**＊ed crosing 道口铺面p*＊＊ement 路面p＊＊*ement pression 路面沉陷p＊＊＊ement recapping 路面翻修p＊＊＊ement slab pumping 路面板唧泥p*＊＊ement spalling 路面碎裂p＊＊＊emengthening 路面补强p＊＊＊ement structure layer 路面结构层附录英汉术语对照索引p*＊＊emill 路面铣削机（刨路机)peak hourly volume 高峰小时交通量pedestrian overcrossing 人行天桥pedestrian underpass 人行地道penetration macadam with coated chips 上拌下贯式（沥青）chips 路面penetration method 贯入法penetration test apparatus 长杆贯入仪penetration （of bitumen) (沥青)针入度penetrometer （沥青）针入度仪periodical maintenance 定期养护permaf rost 多年冻土permanent load 永久荷载perviousness test 透水度试验petroleum asphaltic bitumen 石油沥青photo index 像片索引图（镶辑复照图）photo mosaic 像片镶嵌图photogrammetry 摄影测量photographic map 影像地图pier 桥墩pile and pland retaining wall 柱板式挡土墙pile bent pier 排架桩墩pile driver 打桩机pipe culvert 管涵pipe drainage 管道排水pit test 坑探pitching method 铺砌法plain stage of slope 边坡平台plain terrain 平原区plan view （路线）平面图plane design （城市道路）平面设计plane sketch (道路）平面示意图planimetric photo 综合法测图plant mixing method 厂拌法plasticity index 塑限plasticity index 塑性指数poisson's ratio 泊松比polished stone value 石料磨光值pontoon bridge 浮桥porosity 空隙率porotable pendulum tester 摆式仪possible traffic capacity 可能通行能力post-tensioning method 后张法pot holes 路面坑槽preliminary survey 初测preloading method 预压法prestressed concrete 预应力混凝土prestressed concrete bridge 预应力混凝土桥prestresed steel bar drawing jack 张拉预应力钢筋千斤顶pretensioning method 先张法prime coat 透层productive arterial road 生产干线productive branch road 生产支线profile design 纵断面设计profilometer 路面平整度测定仪proportioning of cement concrete 水泥混凝土配合比protection forest fire—proof road 护林防火道路provincial trunk highway 省干线公路（省道) railroad grade crossing （铁路)道口ramp 匝道rebound deflection 回弹弯沉reclaimed asphalt mixture 再生沥青混合料reclaimed bituminous p*＊＊ement 再生沥青路面reconnaissance 踏勘red clay 红粘土reference stake 护桩referencion crack 反射裂缝refuge island 安全岛regulating structure 调治构造物reinforced concrete 钢筋混凝土reinforced concrete bridge 钢筋混凝土桥reinforced concrete p＊＊＊ement 钢筋混凝土路面reinforced earth retaining wall 加筋土挡土墙relative moisture content （of soil) (土的）相对含水量relief road 辅道residential street 居住区道路resultant gradient 合成坡度retaining wall 挡土墙revelling of p*＊*ement 路面松散reverse curve 反向曲线reverse loop 回头曲线ridge crossing line 越岭线ridge line 山脊线right bridge 正交桥right bridge 正桥rigid frame bridge 刚构桥rigid p＊**ement 刚性路面rigid—type base 刚性基层ring and radial road system 环形辐射式道路系统ripper 松土机riprap 抛石road 道路road alignment 道路线形road appearance 路容road eara per sitizen （城市）人均道路面积road area ratio （城市）道路面积率road axis 道路轴线road bed 路床road bitumen 路用沥青road condition 路况road condition survey 路况调查road crossing (平面）交叉口road crossing design 交叉口设计road engineering 道路工程road feasibility study (道路工程）可行性研究road improvement 改善工程road intersection 道路交叉(路线交叉）road mixing method 路拌法road netword 道路网road network planning 道路网规划road planting 道路绿化road project (道路工程)方案图road trough 路槽road way 路幅rock breaker 凿岩机rock filled gabion 石笼roller 压路机rolled cementoncerete 碾压式水泥混凝土rolling terrain 微丘区rotary interchage 环形立体交叉rotary intersection 环形交叉roundabout 环形交叉route development 展线rout of road 道路路线route selection 选线routine maintenance 小修保养rubble 片石running speed 行驶速度rural road 郊区道路saddle back 垭口safety belt 安全带safety fence 防护栅salty soil 盐渍土sand 砂sanddrain (sand pile) 砂井sand gr*＊*el 砂砾sand hazard 沙害sand mat of subgrade 排水砂垫层sand patch test 铺砂试验sand pile 砂桩sand protection facilities 防沙设施sand ratio 砂率sand sweeping 回砂sand sweeping equipment 回砂机sandy soil 砂性土saturated soil 饱和土scraper 铲运机seal coat 封层secondary trunk road (厂内）次干道，(城市)次干路seepage well 渗水井segregation 离析semi-rigid type base 半刚性基层separate facilties 分隔设施separator 分隔带sheep-foot roll 羊足压路机(羊足碾）shelter belt 护路林shield 盾构（盾构挖掘机）shield tunnelling method 盾构法shoulder 路肩shrinkage limit 缩限side ditch 边沟side slope 边坡side walk 人行道sieve analysis 筛分sight distance 视距sight distance of intersection 路口视距sight line 视线sight triangle 视距三角形silty soil 粉性土simple supported beam bridge 简支梁桥singl direction thrusted pier 单向推力墩single—sizeaggregat 同粒径集料siphon culvert 倒虹涵skew bridge 斜交桥skew bridge 斜桥skid road 集材道路slab bridge 板桥slab culvert 盖板涵slab staggerting 错位slide 滑坡slope protection 护坡slump 坍落度snow hazard 雪害snow plough 除雪机snow protection facilities 防雪设施soft ground 软弱地基soft soil 软土softening point tester (ring ball) （沥青）软化点议仪method （环—球法）softening point （of bitumen）沥青)软化点solubility (of bitumen) (沥青)溶解度space headway 车头间距space mean speed 空间平均速度span 跨径span by span method 移动支架逐跨施工法spandrel arch 腹拱spandrel structure 拱上结构special vehicle 特种车辆speed-change lane 变速车道splitting test 劈裂试验spot speed 点速度spreading in layers 层铺法springing 弹簧现象stabilizer 稳定土拌和机stabilized soil base course 稳定土基层stage for heating soil and broken rock 碎落台stagered junction 错位交叉stand axial loading 标准轴截steel bridge 钢筋冷墩机steel bridge 钢桥steel exention machie 钢筋拉伸机stiffness modulus 劲度stone coating test 石料裹覆试验stone crusher 碎石机stone spreader 碎石撒布机stopping sight distance 停车视距stopping truck heap (厂矿道路)阻车堤street 街道street draianage 街道排水street planting 街道绿化street trees 行道树strengthening layer 补强层strengthening of structure 加固stringer 纵梁striping test for aggregate 集料剥落试验structural approach limit of tunnel 隧道建筑限界sub-high type p＊*＊ement 次高级路面subgrade 路基subgrade drainage 路基排水。

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