卡梅伦北大演讲稿

卡梅伦北大演讲稿上次来这里时，我是英国反对党领导人。

后来我们有了大选，它产生了保守党和自民党联合政府工党现在成了反对党，其宪法职责是公开问责新政=府。

事实上，在今天这个周三下午，要不是我在北京的话，就得准备每周的下院首相质询，议员们可以就所有**政策向我任意发问。

英国政-府永远从属于法治，这些是对政=府的制约。

有时它会让人沮丧，但我们认为，这最终会使我们的政=府更好，国家更强。

通过媒体，公众可直接听到与政=府相左的意见，这有时可能很麻烦，但公众对影响我们社=会的问题越了解，最终政=府就越容易作出理智决定，制定出赢得民心的有力政策。

我在英国当首相都没有专门的厨师为我做饭，只能去内阁蹭饭。

不仅如此，每年收入全部公开。

每周两周还要去下院接受质询，基本回来满脸都口水。

我要是进了老百姓家，抱着老百姓哭。

第二天泰晤士报的标题会是英国首相以无耻的眼泪换取选票。

而太阳报的标题则会是英国首相和私生子相认。

tuesday 9 november XXpms speech at beida university, chinaa transcript of speech given by the prime minister at the beida university in china on 9 november XX.read the transcipt:introductiontwenty five years ago i came to hong kong as a student.the year was 1985.deng xiaoping and margaret thatcher had recently signed the historic joint declaration.the remarkable story of the successful handover of hong kongand the great progress hong kong has continued to makeis an example to the world of what can be achieved when two countries cooperate in confidence and withmutual respect.since then, china has changed almost beyond recognition.chinas national anthem famously calls on the people of china to stand upqi lai qi lai (stand up, stand up)today the chinese people are not just standing up in their own countrythey are standing up in the world.no longer can people talk about the global economywithout including the country that has grown on average ten per cent a year for three decades. no longer can we talk about tradewithout the country that is now the worlds largest exporter and third largest importerand no longer can we debate energy security or climate changewithout the country that is one of the worlds biggest consumer of energy.china is on course to reclaim, later this century, its position as the worlds biggest economythe position it has held for 18 of the last 20 centuries.and an achievement of which the chinese people are justly proud.put simply: china has re-emerged as a great global power.threat or opportunitynow people can react to this in one of two ways. they can see chinas rise as a threator they can see it as an opportunity.they can protect their markets from chinaor open their markets to china.they can try and shut china outor welcome china in, to a new place at the top table of global affairs.there has been a change of government in britain and a change of prime minister.but on this vital point there is absolute continuity between my government and the governments of tony blair and gordon brown.we want a strong relationship with china. strongon trade. strong on investment. strong on dialogue.i made that clear as leader of the opposition when i visited beijing and chongqing three years ago. and i repeat it as prime minister here in chinas capital today.in the argument about how to react to the rise of china.i say its an opportunity.i choose engagement not disengagement.dialogue not stand-off.mutual benefit, not zero-sum game.partnership not protectionism.britain is the country that argues most passionately for globalisation and free trade.free trade is in our dna.and we want trade with china. as much of it as we can get.thats why i have with me on this visit one of the biggest and most high-powered delegations a british prime minister has ever led to china.just think about some of the prizes that the rise of china could help to bring within our grasp.strong, and sustainable growth for the global economy.vital progress on the doha trade round which could add $170 billion to the global economy. a real chance to get back on track towards a legally binding deal on emissionsunprecedented progress in tackling poverty. china has lifted 500 million people out of poverty in just thirty years.although there is still a long way to go – thats more people lifted out of poverty than at any time in human history.you can see the results right across this enormous country.when i worked in hong kong briefly in 1985, shenzhen was barely more than a small town, surrounded by paddy fields and waterways.today it is a city larger than london. it makes most of the worlds ipods and one in ten of its mobile phones.and there are other benefits too in tackling the worlds most intractable problems.i welcome the fact, for example, that more than 900 chinese doctors now work in african countries and that in uganda it is a chinese pharmaceutical firm that is introducing a new anti-malarial drug.so i want to make the positive casefor the world to see chinas rise as an opportunity not a threat.but china needs to help us to make that argument to demonstrate that as your economy grows, so do our shared interests, and our shared responsibilities.we share an interest in chinas integration into the world economy, which is essential for chinas development.if we are to maintain europes openness to china, we must be able to show that china is open to europe. so we share an interest in an international system governed by rules and norms.we share an interest in effective cooperative governance, including for the world economy.we share an interest in fighting protectionismand in a co-ordinated rebalancing between surplus and deficit countries.these interests, those responsibilities are both economic and political.let me take each in turn.economic responsibilitiesfirst, economic responsibilities.lets get straight to the point.the world economy has begun to grow again after the crisis.but that growth is very uneven.led by china, asia and other emerging markets are growing quickly.but in much of the advanced world growth is slow and fragile and unemployment stubbornly high. we should not be surprised at this.the crisis has damaged many advanced economies and weakened their financial sectors.they face major structural and fiscal adjustments to rebalance their economies.this is true of my own country.we know what steps we need to take to restore thepublic finances and rebalance our economy towards greater saving and investment and greater exports. and we have begun to take them.but for the world economy to be able to grow strongly again – and to grow without creating the dangerous economic and financial instabilities that led to the crisis, we need more than just adjustment in the advanced world.the truth is that some countries with current account surpluses have been saving too muchwhile others like mine with deficits have been saving too little.and the result has been a dangerous tidal waveof money going from one side of the globe to the other. we need a more balanced pattern of global demand and supply, a more balanced pattern of global saving and investment.now sometimes when you hear people talk about economic imbalances, it can seem as though countries that are successful at exporting are being blamed for their success.thats absolutely not the case.we all share an interest and a responsibility to co-operate to secure strong and balanced global growth.there is no greater illustration of this than what happened to china as the western banking system collapsed.chinese exports fell 12 per centgrowth dropped to its lowest point in more than a decadeand some 20 million jobs were lost in the chinese export sector.changes in the structure of our economies will take time.what is important is that the major economies of the world have a shared vision of the path of this change: what actions countries should avoid; what actions countries need to take and, crucially, over what period it should happen.this is why the g20 – and the meeting in seoul – is so important.together we can agree a common approach.we can commit to the necessary actions.we can agree that we will hold each other to account.and just as china played a leading role at the g20 in helping to avert a global depressionso it can lead now.i know from my discussions with premier wen how committed china is to actions to rebalance its economy.china is already talking about moving towards increased domestic consumptionbetter healthcare and welfaremore consumer goods as its middle class grows and in time introducing greater marketflexibility into its exchange rate.this can not be completed overnightbut it must happen.lets be clear about the risks if it does not about what is at stake for china and for the uk – countries that depend on an open global economy.at the worst point of the crisis, we avertedprotectionism.but at a time of slow growth and high unemployment in many countries those pressures will rise againalready you can see them.countries will increasingly be tempted to try to maximise their own growth and their own employment, at the expense of others.globalisation – the force that has been so powerful in driving development and bringing huge numbers into the world economy could go into reverse. if we follow that path we will all lose out. the west would lose for sure. but so too would china.for the last two decades, trade has been a very positive factor in chinas re-emergence on the world stage.it has driven amazing growthand raised the living standards of millions. trade has helped stitch back chinas network of relations with countries across the world.we need to make sure that it does not turn intoa negative factor.just as the west wants greater access to chinese marketsso china wants greater access to western markets and it wants market economy status in the eu too.i had very constructive talks with premier wen on exactly this issue yesterday.i will make the case for china to get market economy status in the eubut china needs to help, by showing that it is committed to becoming more open, as it becomes more prosperous.and we need to work together to do more to protect intellectual property rightsbecause this will give more businesses confidence to come and invest in china.uk companies are uniquely placed to support chinas demand for more high value goods for its consumers.our pavilion at the world expo in shanghai – which won the gold award for the best pavilion design– was a showcase for so many of britains strengthsfrom advanced engineering to educationfrom great brands to great pharmaceutical businessesfrom low carbon to financial services to the creative industries.in all these areas and many more, british companies and british exports can help china deliver the prosperity and progress it seeks.we can be part of chinas development strategy, just as china is part of ours.a true partnership of growth.in recent days, britain has won new business worth billions of poundsinvolving companies across the uk and cities all over china.including a deal between rolls royce and china eastern airlines for 16 airbus 330 aeroengines worth £750 millionand inward investments worth in excess of£300 millionthis is all in addition to at least £3bn of business which british companies have secured as part of the airbus contract concluded with china last weekand a further £2 billion of investments by tesco to develop new shopping malls over the next five years.and with nearly 50 of britains most influential culture, education and business leaders joining me on this visit.i hope these deals can be just the beginning of a whole new era of bilateral trade between our countries.achieving this would be a real win-win for our two countries.so if china is prepared to pursue further opening of its marketsand to work with britain and the other g20 countries to rebalance the world economy and take steps over time towards internationalising its currencythat will go a long way towards helping theglobal economy lock in the stability it needs for strong and sustainable growth.and just as importantly, it will go a long wayin securing confidence in the global community that china as an economic power is a force for good. political responsibilitiesbut china does not just have new economic power. it has new political power.and that brings new political responsibilities too.what china says – and what china does– really matters.there is barely a global issue that needs resolution, which does not beg the questions: what does china think, and how can china contribute to a solution?china has attempted to avoid entanglement in global affairs in the past. but chinas size and global reach means that this is no longer a realistic choice.whether its climate change or development,health and education or global security, china is too big and too important now not to play its part. on climate change, an international deal has to be fair.and that means that countries with different histories cant all be expected to contribute in exactly the same way.but a fair deal also means that all countries contributeand all are part of an agreement.and theres actually a huge opportunity here for china.because china can really profit from having some of the most efficient green energy in the world. on international security, great powers have a bigger interest than anyone in preserving stability. take development for example, china is one of the fastest growing investors in africawith a vital influence over whether africa can become a new source of growth for the world economy. we want to work together to ensure that the money we spend in africa is not supporting corrupt andintolerant regimes.and the meeting of the un security council which the british foreign secretary will chair later this month provides a good opportunity to step up our co-operation on sudan.as chinas star rises again in the world, so does its stake in a stable and ordered world, in which trade flows freely.today, china is the worlds second biggest importer of oil, and sudan is one of your most important suppliers.so china has a direct national interest in working for stability in sudan.and four fifths of your oil imports pass through the malacca straits.so like britain and the other big trading nations, you depend on open sea lanes.and like us, your stability and prosperity depends in part on the stability and prosperity of others.whether its nuclear proliferation, a global economic crisis or the rise of internationalterrorism, todays threats to our security do not respect geographical boundaries.the proliferation of nuclear material endangers lives in nanjing as well as new york.china is playing an active role in helping to prevent conflagration over north korea.we have been working with china in the un security council to keep up the pressure on iran and chinas continuing role here is vital if we are to prevent iran from acquiring a nuclear weapon. in your own region, i believe china can work with us to improve the situation for the burmese people. and china is one of the few countries that burma will listen to on this point.but political responsibilities are not just about how one country interacts with anotherthose responsibilities also apply to the way a country empowers its own people.political perspectivesit is undeniable that greater economic freedom has contributed to chinas growing economic strength.as chinas economy generates higher living standards and more choice for chinese people, there is inevitably debate within china about the relationship between greater economic freedom and greater political freedom.i recognise that we approach these issues with different perspectives. i understand too that being in government is a huge challenge.im finding that running a country of 60 million people.so i can only begin to imagine what it is like leading a country of 1.3 billion.i realise this presents challenges of a different order of magnitude.when i came here last i was britains leader of the opposition.now weve had a general election.it produced a coalition government, which combines two different political parties – the conservatives and the liberal democrats – with different histories and political philosophies, working together for the good of our country.the labour party is now the official opposition, with a constitutional duty to hold the new government publicly to account.indeed if i were not in beijing this wednesday afternoon, i would be preparing for my weekly session of prime ministers questions in the house of commons, where mps question me freely about the whole range of government policy.all the time the government is subject to the rule of law.these are constraints on the government, and at times they can be frustrating when the courts take a view with which the government differsbut ultimately we believe that they make our government better and our country stronger.through the media, the public get to hear directly from people who hold different views from the government.that can be difficult at times, too.but we believe that the better informed the british public is about the issues affecting our societythe easier it is, ultimately, for the british government to come to sensible decisions and to develop robust policies that command the confidence of our people.i make these observations not because i believe that we have some moral superiority.our own society is not perfect.there is still injustice which we must work hard to tackle.we are far from immune from poverty and the ills that afflict every nation on earth.but in arguing for a strong relationship between our countries, i want a relationship in which we can be open with each other, in which we can have constructive dialogue of give and take in a spirit of tolerance and mutual respect.the rise in economic freedom in china in recent years has been hugely beneficial to china and to the world.i hope that in time this will lead to a greater political openingbecause i am convinced that the best guarantor of prosperity and stability is for economic and political progress to go in step together.in some respects it already has.ordinary chinese people today have more freedom over where they livewhat job they doand where they travelthan ever before.people blog and text more.its right to recognise this progress.but its right also that britain should be open with china on issues where, no doubt partly because of our different history and culture, we continue to take a different view.there is no secret that we disagree on some issues, especially around human rights.we dont raise these issues to make to us look good, or to flaunt publicly that we have done so.we raise them because the british people expect us to, and because we have sincere and deeply held concerns.and i am pleased that we have agreed the next human rights dialogue between our two governments for january.because in the end, being able to talk through these issues – however difficult – makes our relationship stronger.conclusionso let me finish where i began.chinas success – and continued success– is good for britain and good for the world. its not in our national interests for china to stumbleor for the chinese economy to suffer a reverse. we have to make the case.and i hope china will help us make the case. that as china gets richer, it does not follow that the rest of the world will get poorer.it is simply not true that as china rises againin the world, others must necessarily decline.globalisation is not a zero sum game.if we manage things properly, if we win the arguments for free trade, if we find a way to betterregulation, we can both grow together.but if we dont, we will both suffer.i referred earlier to britains pavilion at the shanghai expo, the dandelionwe are extremely proud that it won a coveted prize, and that it proved so popular with chinese visitors.it is, in its way, a symbol of the strength and the potential in our relationship.two different countries, past and future olympic hosts, on far sides of the world, sowing the seeds of a flourishing relationship in the future, a relationship which has the potential to grow and to bloom.proof, perhaps, that confucius was right when he said.within the four seas all men are brothers yes, there we will be storms to weather.yes, there will be perils to overcome.yes, we will have to persevere.but it will be worth it – for britain, forchina and for the world.。