文化的重叠与扩散 overlap and diffusion

Chapter 9 Language and Culture
Hierarchical diffusion
(等级扩散)
如伊斯兰教和阿拉伯文化在 7世纪 以来从其源地阿拉伯半岛扩大到埃及、 北非和中东，后来甚至到中亚、印度以 及东南亚，扩大了伊斯兰教和阿拉伯文 化的分布范围。
Contagious diffusion
Effect 2
nguistic nationalism
①France has made special efforts to protect the
purity of their language avoid being corrupted by other languages especially American English (Twice legislation in 1975 and 1994 )
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Types of cultural diffusion
Cultural Overlap
(文化重叠)
Cultural similarities
In the natural environment and psychology of human beings
Cultural similarities
There are circumstances in which the superior ,but not the inferior , may refer to himself by means of the same kinship-term or title with which he is addressed as in .
Chapter 9 Language and Culture
Cultural diffusion(文化扩散): the phenomenon that some elements of culture A enter culture B and become part of culture B. Ⅰ Loan words 1、(all language borrow to some extent and for various reasons) ①prestige French Latin Greek and other languages
Cultural similarities
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(传染扩散 )
Expansion diffusion
(扩展扩散 )
Types
这种扩散作用不仅传播距离 远，而且同原文化区之间有很大 间隔。如基督教通过欧洲移民而 传到美洲 。
Stimulus diffusion
(刺激扩散)
Relocation diffusion
(迁移扩散 )
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Christmas
Mother’s Day
Non English speaking countries including China Ⅲ Others Young ladies in China prefer not to tell their ages weight and other personal information
A NEW CONCISE COURSE ON LINGUISTICS FOR STUDENTS OF ENGLISH
Chapter 9 Language and Culture
9.7 Cultural Overlap and Diffusion
Zhizuan Tao
Class 7
Grade 2006
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Thank you!
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②American English Indian words
Mississippi Chicago squash woodchuck moccasin
2、(reflect the routes of cultural imports） ③Email Ⅱ Holidays IT E-commerce B2B St. Valentine’s Day
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Effect 1
Linguistic imperialism
A kind of linguicism
A tendency of cultural imperialism owing to linguistic imperialism
The promulgation of global ideologies through the worldwide expansion of one language Ideologies structures and practices cultural identity and cultural integrity potential threat individual
Cultural Overlap And Diffusion
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A NEW CONCISE COURSE ON LINGUISTICS FOR STUDENTS OF ENGLISH
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Mechanisms for cultural diffusion Direct diffusion very close to each other, resulting in intermarriage, trade, and even warfare. 例：曲棍球运动在美国与加拿大两国边境很流行，相比之下，在美国很受火爆的棒 球在加拿大就不那么受欢迎了。 Forced diffusion occurs when one culture subjugates (conquers or enslaves) another culture and forces its own customs on the conquered people 例：美洲印第安人皈依基督教。 Indirect diffusion from one culture through a middleman to another culture, without the first and final cultures ever being in direct contact. 例：在加拿大也有墨西哥菜肴。
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Chapter 9 Language and Culture
Diffusion theories Heliocentric diffusionism the theory that all cultures originated from one culture Culture circles diffusionism the theory that cultures originated from a small number of cultures Evolutionary diffusionism 社会受同类因素的影响 所有人的心理特性都一样 都愿意改变 以至于 相似的变化 Mallory's "Kulturkugel“ or culture ball 按照”文化球“模式理论 当地物质结构与社会组织的持续性比语言的持续性好 结 果在未受影响的情况下 有规律的文化接触或有限的文化迁移最终导致语言产生变化
②China has legislated law to protect the standard Chinese language ---------in the mainstream media and formal occasions with Mandarin.
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