高一英语必修一Unit4单词讲义

新Book 1 Unit4
1. a (great/ large) number of 许多的，大量的
辨析：a number of 修饰复数名词做主语，谓语用；意为
the number of 后接复数名词做主语，谓语用，意为
A number of people present at the meeting and the number 200.
The number of the foreign students attending Chinese universities rising steadily since 1920.
A. is
B. are
C. has been
D. have been
拓展：只修饰复数名词的短语：many=a great many =quite a few=a great number of
只修饰不可数名词的短语：a great deal of=a large amount of=large amounts of
修饰复数名词或不可数名词的短语：a lot of=lots of=plenty of =a large quantity of=large quantities of 2.frightening adj. 令人害怕的，可怕的frighten vt 使…惊恐；吓唬frightened 受惊吓的，受恐吓的
拓展：frighten sb into doing sth 吓唬某人做某事
He felt the thought that he might be drown.他一想到会溺水就感到害怕。

All the stone figures in the temple look .庙里所有的石像看上去令人恐惧
3.as if =as though 仿佛，好像
①用在动词look, seem, feel 之后引导表语从句；用在其他动词之后引导状语从句。

It seems our team .看来我们队要赢了。

She left the room in a hurry she .她匆忙离开房间好像生气的样子。

②as if 引导的从句表示的情况接近事实，从句用陈述语气；如果从句表示的情况与现实相反或不可能发生，从句用虚拟语气。

（虚拟语气结构：时态前移）
She looks 她看起来好像年轻了十岁。

She loves the boy .她爱这个孩子就好像她是他的母亲一样。

那个英语初学者讲起英语来仿佛学了多年的英语。

4.congratulation n 庆祝，祝贺，常用复数形式，构成congratulations to sb on sth
拓展：①congratulate vt. 祝贺
②congratulate sb on sth 因某事祝贺某人
比较：celebrate vt.庆祝后接生日，胜利，纪念日等之类的名词。

We birth of her daughter. 我们祝贺她生了个女儿。

She thinking of a good idea. 她为自己想出一个好主意感到高兴。

The old couple their 50th wedding day last week.
5.burst ①vi (burst, burst; bursting) 爆裂；爆发；突然…起来
搭配：burst into sth=burst out doing sth 突然…起来
burst into laughter=burst out laughing 突然笑起来
burst into tears=burst out crying 突然哭起来
On hearing the news, Lily while Tracy .
一听到消息，Lily突然哭了而Tracy突然笑了。

6.damage [u]&vt.损失；损害do/cause damage to给……带来/造成毁坏= damage
7.ruin
1) [u]毁灭，毁坏；[pl]废墟。

in ruins 严重破坏，破败不堪
2).vr.毁坏；使破产
8. destroy vt破坏；使破产destruction n.破坏；毁坏；消灭；灭亡destructive adj. 破坏性的；毁灭性的
易混辨析：destroy/damage/ruin
即学即用：（用ruin, destroy, damage的正确形式填空）
①The fire the buildingcompletely .
②The economy lay in _______ after the war.
③The strong sandstorm _______ some young trees seriously..
Mother told Ann that she would ______her chances of getting the job if she wore that miniskirt to the interview.
A. ruin
B.damage
C. destroy
D. injure
9. at an end结束；终结
①in the end 最后，终于②at the end of…在……末端、尽头（时间/位置）
③by the end of…到……末（时间）④come to an end结束
_________,the headmaster rose to indicate that the conversation was ______.
A. At an end; in an end
B. In the end; at an end
C. In an end; at the end
D. At an end; in the end
10. injure vt injury n（对身体、情感的）伤害，损害injured adj 受伤的the injured受伤的人（指一类人）Jack _________ when _________ rugby yesterday.昨天杰克打橄榄球时把腿弄伤了。

词语辨析：injure, harm, wound 与hurt
①injure 多指意外事故中受伤。

She was __________________in the accident.她在那次事故中受伤很轻/很重。

②harm n&v 意为“伤害；危害”指精神上或物质上的危害。

do sb. harm/do harm to sb./harm sb. 对某人有危害be harmful to
③wound n&v主要指暴力或战争中所受的伤，如刀伤、枪伤
He got ________ in the war.
④hurt 主要指肉体上、心灵上和感情上的伤害。

他不想伤害她的感情。

_________________her feelings.
11. event [c]事，事件；比赛项目
词语辨析：event,incident与accident
1)event 常指具有很大影响力的国内的、国际的或历史上的事件，也可以指运动会的比赛项目。

Can you remember the events which happened in the 1960s? __________
There are 300 different events in the Olympic Games.____________
2_)incident 指不重要的事情，也指引起国际纠纷或争端的大事，还可指政治事、暴力事件等
Do you still remember the LUGOUQIAO _________?
3)accident 意外事件，偶发事件，一般指不幸的事，如车祸，天灾
He died in a car accident because of his carelessness. ______________________________________.(中文) 12.bury vt.埋葬，掩埋；隐藏；专心致志于
拓展：①be buried in 埋头于专心于
②bury oneself in study 埋头研究
我的祖父母都埋葬在此地。

_________________________________________.
离婚后，他埋头于工作。

After the divorce n, he _________________________./__________________________.
13.shelter [u] 掩蔽；[c]掩蔽处藏身处；vt 保护;掩蔽
In the storm , I took ________ under a small cottage .
A, cover B shelter C.hide D shade
14.shock vt.使震惊；使惊愕n. 休克；震惊，震动(U)；令人震动的事(C)
a shock to sb. 一件令人震惊的事
shocking adj.(某事)令人震惊
shocked adj.(某人)感到震惊
他的母亲听到这个消息感到震惊。

n. a rescue team 救援队rescue workers 救援人员come to sb.’s rescue 营救某人
Vt. rescue sb./sth from …把。

从。

中营救出来
The firemen ______________ the burning house yesterday. 昨天消防队员从着火的房子里营救了5个孩子。

Soon after the quake , one thousand soldiers were sent out to _____ the miners from the local coal mine.
A shelter
B rescue
C bury
D injure
16.trap n/v 陷阱困境/设圈套陷入困境
be trapped in 陷入。

之中，被困于。

中
______________________________ underground . 二十名矿工被困在地下。

17.honor /honour vt.尊敬；给与（表扬，头衔，称号）n. 尊敬荣誉（U）、引起尊敬的人或事（C）
be /feel honored to do sth. 做某事感到荣幸adj.
in honor of 为纪念、为向。

表示敬意n.(U)
feel it an honor to do 因做。

而感到荣幸n. (C)
It was a great honor to be invited here today. _______________________________________.(中文)
He is ________ to our school 他是我们学习的光荣
Many Chinese universities provide scholarship for students ________ financial aid.
A in favor of
B in honor of
C in face of
D in need of。