(完整版)小学英语时态总结

小学PEP英语四种时态总结
一、一般现在时
标志词：always（总是）usually（通常）often（经常）sometimes（有时）never（从不）every（每一）行为动词词型变化形式
一般现在时动词只有第三人称后有词形变化，
其他人称（第一人称：I, we ;第二人称：you ;第三人称复数：they、my friends ）动词均用原形
当主语是第三人称单数时，一般动词在一般现在时句子中的变化规律：
1、多数在动词后加s play —plays like —likes ,
2、以s, x, sh , ch , o 结尾的动词力口es wash —washes catch —catches do —does
3、以辅音字母加y结尾，把y改i再加es fly —flies study —studies
s buy -buys
4、以兀音字母加y结尾，直接加
5、不规则变化have —has
一般现在时基本用法
功能
1.表示事物或人物的特征、状态。

女口：The sky is blue. 天空是蓝色的。

2.表示经常性或习惯性的动作。

女口：I get up at six every day. 我每天六点起
床。

3.表示客观现实。

女口：The earth goes around the sun. 地球绕着太阳转。

The earth is round.
构成
1. be 动词：主语+be(am,is,are)+ 其它。

女口：I am a boy.我是一个男孩。

2. 行为动词：主语+行为动词什其它)。

女口：We study English. 我们学习英语。

句型
肯定句：A.be动词：主语+ be + 其它成分He is a worker.
B.行为动词：主语+动词(注意人称变化)+其它成分We like the little cat.
否定句：A.be动词：主语+ be + not +其它成分They are not students.
B.行为动词：主语+助动词(do/does) + not +动词原形+其它成分
We don' t like the little cat.
一般疑问句：A.be动词：Am / Is /Are +主语+其它成分
Are you a teacher? Yes, I am. / No, I am not.
Are they stude nts of your school.Yes they are / No they aren ,t.
B.行为动词：助动词(Do/Does) +主语+动词原形+其它成分
Do you like it? Yes, I do. / No. I don ' t .
Does he(she) like it? Yes, he( she )does. / No, he ( she )doesn ' t.
特殊疑问句：疑问词+ 一般疑问句
A. be 动词：How many students are there in your school?
B. 行为动词：What do you usually do on Su nday?
一般现在时动词 be 和have 的变化形式 1. 动词Be 叫连系动词，用法：第一人称单数用 am ，第三人称单数用is ，其它人称用are 。

2. 动词have 的用法：第三人称单数用
has 以外，其它人称一律用
have 。

如：
注意事项 1.在英国，人们常用 have got 代替have ，特别在疑问句和否定句中。

2•当have 如果不表示 有"时，构成疑问或否定句时，就借助于助动词
do, does 女口： I have a new pen . 否: I have not a new pen.（ 表示有） I have lunch at 12 o
'lock.
否：I don 'have lunch at 12 o
'lock.（表示吃）
.现在进行时:
标志词：now, look, listen , It '+ 时间.
现在进行时： 表示止在进行的、发生的动基本结构:
肯定句：主语 + be 动词（am, are, is ）+
现在分词（ing ） +其他
I am watching TV.
否定句：主语 + be 动词+ not +现在分词（ing ） +其他 I am not watching TV. 一般疑问句：Be 动词（Am, Are, Is ） +主语+现在分词（ing ） +其他
Are you watch ing TV?
Yes, I am. / No, I am not.
特殊疑问句：疑问词+ 一般疑问句
What are you doing ?
动词的-ing 形式的变化规律： 1. 直接力口 -ing
watch — watching
clean — cleaning
2. 以-y 结尾的动词，直接加 -ing
study — studying play — playing
3. 以不发音的-e 结尾的动词，先去 -e 再加-ing
make — mak ing
come — comi ng
4. 末尾只有一个元音字母和一个辅音字母的重读闭音节动词， 双写末尾字母，再加 -ing
cut — cutt ing
三、一般将来时的用法:
表示将来某一时刻的动作或状态，或将来某一段时间内经常的动作或状态。

from now on （从现在开始）， in the
+动词 ing
标志词：tomorrow （明天），the day after tomorrow （后天），next （下一个）， （将来），soo n （不久）等 （2 ） will+动词原形
am is are
future
结构：（1 ） be （am,is ,are ）+going to+ 动词原形
"be going to+动词原形（打算•••）" = "will+动词原形（将，会…）
I ' m going to study tomorrow. I will study tomorrow.
(be going to 着重于事先考虑好will未事先考虑好）----一般不用考虑
冃疋句：主语主语否定句：
主语
主语+ be (am, are, is) going to + 动词原形.
+ will +动词原形
+ be (am, are, is) not going to + 动词原形. + won't+动词原形.
一般疑问句：Be （Am, Are, Is） +主语+ going to + 动词原形？
Will +主语+动词原形？
特殊疑问句：疑问词+ 一般疑问句？
注意：will 常简略为'll，并与主语连写在一起，如: I'll，he'll，it'll，we'll，you'll，they'll 。

四、一般过去时
标志词：yesterday（昨天）,last （上一个）,this morning （今天早上），ago（以前）, before （在…之前）,in 2002（在2002年）等
用法：表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态，常和表示过去的时间状语连用。

也表示过去经常或反复发生的动作
动词过去式变化规则：
1 .一般在动词末尾加-ed 女口：watch-watched, cook-cooked
2 .结尾是e 力口d 女口：taste-tasted
3. 末尾只有一个元音字母和一个辅音字母的重读闭音节，应双写末尾的辅音字母，再加-ed，如:
stop-stopped
4 .以"辅音字母+y ”结尾的，变y为i, 再加-ed，如：study-studied
5 .不规则动词过去式：am,is-was, are-were, do-did, see-saw, say-said, give- gave … 句型：
1、Be动词在一般过去时中的变化：
⑴ am 禾口is 变为was。

否定（was not=wasn ' t）
⑵ are 变为were 。

否定（were not=weren ' t）
否定句：在was 或were 后力口not
一般疑问句：把was或were调到句首。

2、行为动词在一般过去时中的变化
否定句：didn ' t + 动词原形女口：Jim didn ' t go home yesterday.
一般疑问句：在句首加Did，句子中的动词过去式变回原形女口：Did Jim go home yesterday? 特殊疑问句：（1）疑问词+did+主语+动词原形？如：What did Jim do yesterday?
（2）疑问词当主语时：疑问词+动词过去式？女口：Who we nt to home yesterday?
附录：小学常用不规则动词过去式
一、不规则动词的过去式的构成
1 •把动词原形中的i改为a,变成过去式。

如：
beg in —bega n, drink —drank , give —gave, ri ng —rang , sing —sang, sit —sat , swim—swam
2•把重读开音节中的i改为o,变成过去式。

如：
drive —drove , ride —rode , write —wrote
3. 改动词原形中的aw /ow为ew,变成过去式。

如：
draw—drew, grow—grew, know—knew , throw —threw （动词show 除外，show—showed）
4. 动词原形中的e改为o,变成过去式。

如：
get —got, forget —forgot
5. 动词原形中的ee改为e ,变成过去式。

如：
feed —fed , meet— met
6. 动词原形中的eep改为ept,变成过去式。

如：
keep—kept , sleep —slept , sweep— swept
7 .动词原形中的eak改为oke ,变成过去式。

如：
break —broke , speak—spoke
8 .动词原形中的ell改为old ,变成过去式。

如：
sell —sold , tell —told
9. 动词原形中的an改为oo,变成过去式。

如：
stand —stood , understand —understood
10. 以ought和aught结尾，且读音是〔:t丨的过去式。

如：
bring —brought , buy—bought , think —thought , catch —caught , teach —taught 11. 以ould结尾且读音为〔ud〕的情态动词过去式。

如：
can—could , shall —should , will —would
12. 把动词原形中的o改为a,变成过去式。

如：
come— came become- became
13 .在动词原形后加d或t变成过去式，并且发生音变。

如：
hear〔hi〕—heard〔h :d〕, say〔sei〕—said〔sed〕, mean〔mi:n〕—meant 〔ment〕14.动词的过去式与动词原形一样。

如：
let —let , must—must , put —put, read —read〔red〕
•不规则动词表
原形过去式中文释义
am was 是（表示存在、状态等）
are were 是（表示存在、状态等）become became 成为；变成
beg in bega n 开始
break broke 打破
bring brought 拿来；取来；带来
build built 构筑；建造；建筑
buy bought 购买；买
can could 可以；能；可能；会
catch caught 赶上（车船等）；捕获
come came 来；来到
cut cut 切；害IJ;削；剪
do/does did 做；干；行动
draw drew 画
drink drank 喝；饮
drive drove 开车；驾驶
eat ate 吃
feel felt 感到；觉得
find found 寻找；查找
fly flew 飞行
forget forgot 忘记；忘去卩
get got 变得
give gave 给；授予
go went 去
have/has had 得（病）；患（病）；有；吃；饮hear heard 听见；听说
hide hid 隐藏
is was 是（表示存在、状态等）
keep kept 保持；使保持某种状态
know knew 知道；了解
leave left 离去；出发
let let 允许；让
lose lost 失去；丧失
make made 使；促使；迫使；做；制作
may might 可能；可以
mea n meant 表示……的意思；作……的解释meet met 遇见；相逢
put put 放；摆；装
read read /e/ 读；阅读
ride rode 骑
ring rang （铃）响
rise rose 上升
run ran 跑；奔跑
say said 说；讲
see saw 看见
send sent 发送；寄；派；遣
set set 放，置
show showed 出示；给 ... 看
shut shut 关上（门、盖、窗户等）sing sang 唱；唱歌
sit sat 坐
sleep slept 睡；睡觉
spea k spoke 说；说话
swim swam 游泳
take took 搭乘；花费（时间）；拿走；带到teach taught 教；讲授
tell told 告诉；讲述
thi nk thought 想；思考
will would 将要
win won 赢；获胜
write wrote 书写
小学英语语法（词性）总结
一、形容词、副词的比较级和最高级的用法：
当两种物体之间相互比较时，我们要用形容词或副词的比较级；当相互比较的物体是三个或三个以上时, 用形容词或副词的最高级。

比较级
二者比较，标志词：tha n
最咼级
三者以上比较，标志词：the
形容词、副词的比较级和最高级的变化规律：
1. 单音节形容词或副词后面直接加-er 或-est tall —taller —tallest fast —faster —fastest
2. 以-e 结尾的单音节形容词或畐U词直接力口-r 或-st large —larger —largest nice —nicer —nicest
3. 以-y结尾的形容词或副词，改-y为-i再加-er或-est
busy —busier —busiest early —earlier —earliest
4. 形容词或副词是重读闭音节时，双写最后的辅音字母，再加-er或-est hot —hotter —hottest
5. 多音节形容词或副词前面直接加more 或most beautiful —more beautiful —most beautiful
6. 以ly 结尾的畐U词一般力口more 或most slowly —more slowly —most slowly
7. 不规则变化good (well)- better-best bad (badly)-worse-worst little-less-least
far-farther-further many (much ) - more -most
形容词、副词的比较级和最高级用法：
比较级：
1、形容词：物体A + am / are / is + 形容词比较级+ than + 物体B
I am taller tha n you. This picture is more beautiful tha n that one.
2、畐恫：物体A +行为动词+副词比较级+ than + 物体B.
He studies better tha n me.
最高级：
1、形容词：物体A + am / are / is + the + 形容词最高级+比较范围(of +人/物，in +地方)
I am the tallest i n the class. Shan ghai is one of the biggest cities in China.
2、副词：物体A +行为动词+副词最高级+比较范围(of +人/物，in +地方).
Cheetahs run fastest in the world. He studies best of us.
表示两者对比相同：主语+谓语+as+形容词/副词原形+as +从句
This box is as big as mine. This coat is not so/as cheap as that one.
I study En glish as hard as my brother.
英语比较级和最高级练习(一) 1.A pig is _ __ tha n a dog.
A . much heavy B. more heavier
C much heavier D. more heavy
2 .——Which is _ _ seas on in Beiji
ng?
---- I think it ' ssDring.
A. good
B. well
C. best
D. the best
3. The city is becoming _______ .
A. more beautiful and more
B. more beautiful and beautiful
C. more and more beautiful
D. more beautiful and beautifuler
4. Which does Alice like ______ , Chinese or Art?
A. well
B. best
C. better
D. much
5. The Changjiang River is one of _____ in the world.
A. the Ion gest river
B. Ion gest rivers
C. the Ion gest rivers
D. Ion ger rivers
6. LiMing speaks Chinese ____ better than me.
A. very
B. more
C. a lot of
D. much
7. There are ____ boys in Class Two than in Class Four.
A. more
B. many
C. most
D. best
8. Who has _____ o ranges now, Jim, Lily or Lucy?
A. much
B. biggest
C. better
D. the most
9. Mother is _____ i n my family.
A. busy
B. busier
C. the busiest
D. more
10. No one is ______ L ucy in the class.
A. so tallest as
B. as taller as
C. so high as
D. as tall as
(二)写出下列形容词与副词的比较级与最高级形式：
long ___________ w ide ______________ fat __________
heavy __________ s low ______________ few _________
brightly _____ - ____ bably ____________ far _________
quickly ___________ happy _____- ______ unhappy _______
(三)用所给词的正确形式填空：
1. Of the two girls, I find Lucy the ______ (clever).
2. Gold(黄金)is ______ (little) useful than iron(铁).
3. My sister is two years ______ (old ) tha n I.
4. John ' s parents have four daughters, and she is the _____ (young) child.
5. The ____ (cheap) bags are the not usually the best on es.
6. The short one is by far _______expe nsive of the five.
7. The boy is not so ______ (in teresti ng) as his brother.
8. Dick sings _____(well), she sings ______ (well) tha n Joh n, but Mary sings _____ (well) in her class.
9. She will be much ______ (happy) in her mew house.
10. This dressis ______ that.(twice, as …as …,expe nsive)
参考答案：
(一) C D C C C D A D C D
(二) Ion ger Ion gest wider widest
fatter fattest heavier heaviest
slower slowest fewer fewest
more brightly, most brightly worse, worst
further,furthest happier happiest (三)clever
more quickly, most quickly un happier un happiest less
Older Cheapest In teresti ng youn gest
the most
well, better, the best
twice as expe nsive as
二、情态动词
情态动词的定义：情态动词有词义，但它不能单独作谓语，它情
态动词没有人称和数的变化，后加动词原形。

必须和其他动词一起构成谓语
can 能够，会may 可以shall 将，要should 应该must 必须have ( has)to 不得不had better 最好
情态动词的用法：
情态动词
肯定
句
否定句
can 主语+ can + 动词原形主语+ can + not + 动词原形
may 主
语+ may + 动词原形主语+ may + not + 动词原形
shall 主
语+ shall + 动词原形主语+ shall + not + 动词原形
should 主语+ should
+
动词原形主语+ should + not + 动词原形
must 主
语+ must + 动词原形主语+ must + not + 动词原形
have ( has)to 主语+ have ( has)to +动词原形主语+ don' t(does n't) +
have (has) to + 动词原形
had better 主语+ had better + 动词原形主语+ had better + not + 动词原
形
情态动词疑问句肯定回答否定回答can Can + 主语+动词原形？Yes, 〜can. No,〜can' t.
may May + 主语+动词原形？Yes, 〜may. / Sure. No, 〜may not.
shall Shall + 主语+动词原形？Yes,
please ./ All right. No, let ' s not.
should Should
+
主语+动词原
形？
Yes,
〜
丿 should. No, 〜shouldn ' t.
must Must + 主语+动词原形？Yes, 〜must. No, 〜need n' t. have (has ) to Do (does)+ 主语+ Yes,〜do (does). No,〜don' t (doesn ' t) have to +动词原形？
had better ///
三、名词复数规则
-s，如：book-books, bag-bags, cat-cats, bed-beds
般情况下，直接加
2 .以s. x. sh. ch 结尾，力口-es，如：bus-buses, box-boxes, brush-brushes, watch-watches
3 .以 "辅音字母+y ”结尾，变 y 为i, 再力口-es，如:family-families, strawberry-strawberries
4 .以“ f或fe”结尾，变f或fe为v,再加-es，如：knife-knives
5 .不规则名词复数：man-men, woman-women, policeman-policemen,
policewoma n-policewome n, mouse-mice, child-childre n, foot-feet, tooth-teeth,fish-fish, people-people, Chin ese-Ch in ese, Japa nese-Japa nese
改f(e)为ve加s 口诀
(1 )树叶半数自己黄妻子拿刀去割粮架后窜出一只狼就像小偷逃命忙
(2)常用不规则名词复数形式foot-feet 脚man-men 男人woma n-women
人tooth-teeth 牙mouse-mi
ce
Tv
老鼠
goose-geese 鹅child-childre n
小孩
⑶单复数同形fish 鱼li里jin斤yua n 元亩sheep 羊deer 小鹿Chin ese 中国人Japanese 日本人means 手段
单复名词同形：中国人日本人都爱绵羊鹿和鱼.
高频考点man woma n 作定词修饰复数时需变为复数形式
two men doctors 两位男医生many
wome n leaders 很多女领导
(4)只有复数形式，没有单数形式
trousers 裤子
clothe 衣服shorts 短裤goods 商品glasses 眼镜shoes 鞋
(5)常用不可数名词
advice 建议baggage 行李bread 面包rain 雨steel 钢gold 金sand 沙grass 草glass 玻璃oil油paper 纸butter 黄油
salt 盐beauty 漂亮cha nge 零钱in formatio
n
信
息
smoke water 水
homework 作业cloth 布-food食品money 钱tea 茶snow 雪
wealth 财富
furnitur 家具cott on 棉花
rice
大
米
fruit水果mil
k
牛奶
四、介词口诀:
介词的用法
早、午、晚要用in , at黎明、午夜、点与分。

年、月、年月、季节、周，阳光、灯、影、衣、冒in。

将来时态in...以后，小处at大处in。

有形with无形by，语言、单位、材料in。

特征、方面与方式，心情成语惯用in。

介词at和to表方向，攻击、位置、恶、善分。

日子、日期、年月日，星期加上早、午、晚，收音、农场、值日on ,关于、基础、靠、著论。

着、罢、出售、偷、公、假，故意、支付、相反，准。

特定时日和一就” on后常接动名词。

年、月、日加早、午、晚，of之前on代in。

步行、驴、马、玩笑on , cab , carriage 则用in。

at山脚、门口、在当前，速、温、日落、价、核心。

工具、和、同随with，具有、独立、就、原因。

就……来说宾译主，对、有、方状、表细分。

海、陆、空、车、偶、被by，单数、人类know to man 。

this、that、tomorrow , yesterday , next、last、one。

接年、月、季、星期、周，介词省略已习惯。

over、under 正上下，above、below 贝U不然，
若与数量词连用，混合使用亦无关。

‘
beyond 超出、无、不能，against 靠着，对与反。

besides , except 分内外，among 之内along 沿。

同类比较except，力口for异类记心间。

原状because of, 、owing to、due to 表语形容词under后接修、建中，of、from 物、化分。

before、after 表一点,ago、later 表一段。

before能接完成时，ago过去极有限。

since以来during 间，since时态多变换。

与之相比beside，除了last but one 。

复不定for、找、价、原，对、给、段、去、为、作、赞。

快到、对、向towards，工、学、军、城、北、上、南。

but for否定用虚拟，复合介词待后言。

ing型由于鉴，除了除外与包合。

之后、关于、在……方面，有关介词须记全。

in内to外表位置，山、水、国界to在前。

五、代词的用法
主格：一般放在句子前，做主语•
宾格：一般放在动词，介词（for 、to 、of …）后. 形容词性物主代词：修饰名词 ，放在名词前•
名词性物主代词：代表名词，后不跟名词•
反身代词及其一般用法 反身代词表示动作回到其执行者本身用以加强语气。

反身代词的分类
复数：themselves 他们自己、她们自己、它们自己 反身代词在句子中的用法
1 .作表语
2 .作宾语
3 .作介宾
4 .作同位语
She's n ot herself today. 她今天跟平常真是判右两
人。

Please help yourself to some fish. 请随便吃点
鱼。

I lear ned En glish by myself.
我自学英语。

There be
有，表示存在。

There is+单数、不可数名词
There are+复数
“There be ”句型结构：
It +be
”说到时间 “It's time to go to school.
肯定句： “ There be+ 主语(某人 / 某物)+ 某地 There isa boy in the room. 否定句： “ There be + no t (a ny)+ 主语 + 某地 There aren't any books on the desk.
一般疑问句:
“Be( is 、are ) there +(any)+ 主语 + 某地
"Yes , there is / are. No, there isn't / aren't.
1 .第一人称 单数
2 •第二人称
单数
3 •第三人称 单数 myself 我自己 yourself 你自己
himself 他自己 复数：ourselves 我们自己 复
数：yourselves 你们自己 herself 她自
己 itself 它自己 谈论天气 "It's going to rai n.
距离远近 “ It's far to get there. 情况程度
“ It's hard to learn.
、并列连词:
并列主语时，动词要随前面的主语变化He works as well as he can
9. either…or 既…又…，或…或…并列主、谓、宾、表及状语Either come in or go out.
10. neither…nor既不…也不并列主、谓、宾、表、状语，
并列主语时，谓语就近一致Neither you nor he speaks French.
12. both …and 和，既…也并列主、谓、宾及表语I can play both football and basketball.
13. nor 也不，引导句子要倒装He can not speak English, nor can I.
You like apples, so do I.
二、从属连词：
1. after 表示时间，在…之后
After I finished the school, I became a worker in the factory.
2.although/though 表示让步，尽管Although she is young, she knows a lot.
3.a s 表示时间，“当…时”，方式“象
•
，原
因，
“由于、因
为”
让
步,
“尽管、虽
然”
4.a
s if/as
“似
乎、好像”
As it was late,' we must go now. though 表方式，
He told is such a story as though he had been there before.
5.a s long as/so long as 表条
件，
“只
要”
As long as I am free, I' ll go to help you.
6.a s soon as 表时间，“一…
就…”
I will phone you as soon as I come bac
k.
7.because 表原因，“因
为”I have to stay in bed because I am ill.
8.before 表时间，“在…之前“Yo
u should think mor
e
before you do it.
9. even if/ even though 表让步，"即使” You should try again even if you failed.
10. hardly …when 表时间，“（刚）一…就”Hardly I entered the gate when the bell rang.
11.if “
假如”，引导条件状语从句What should I do net if the rain doesn 't stop?
“是否”，引导宾语从句I don ' t know if he comes back or not.
12.I n case 表目的，“以防，以免'” You should b
e
more careful in case there is a fire
13.I n order that 表目的，“为了，以便”
We study hard i
n
order that we can pass the exam.
六、连词的用法
1. and
2. but
连接单词
连接短语
连接句子
但是/而是或
者
My
Our
brother and
or
3.nothing but
4.or表示否则
5. for 表示因为除了,
kno wledge
are singing
I have a pen but no pencil. Will you
go 只有I did
Hurry up or He is good
We
I study in the same school. may come
from the books and and they are
dancing.
there by bus or on foot? no thi
ng
you will
at math
but watch it.
be late.
for he studies harder than
from practice.
others.
表示后句概念由前句转折而来
The weather is very cold, still we
7.not only…but also 不仅…而且
t wear more clothes. needn '
可并列主、谓、宾、表及句子
主语并列时，谓语要就近一致Not only he but also
8.as well as以及，同样并列单词、短语、句子。

am a teacher.
14. no
matt
er
+疑问词表让步，“'无论，不管”
No matter what you do, you should try your best.
15. no sooner…than 表时间，"刚一…就…”
No sooner had I come home than it began to rain.
16. now that表原因，"既然，因为，由于”
Now that you are on duty,you should clean the classroom.
17. once 表时间，“一旦…”Once you promise , you should do it.
三、其他
1.si nee 表时间，“自从…以来”He has been in this company since he left school.
表原因，“既然，由于”Since the job is dangerous, let ' do it more carefully.
2.so far as/as far as 表条件，"就…而言，就…而论”
As far as I know, it is easy for you to speak in English
3.so that 表目的“以便”Speak loud so that everybody can hear clearly.
表结果“如此，以致”He got up so late that he missed the bus.
4.than 表示比较，“比”Things were worse than we thought.
5.that 无词义，引导名词性从句It is dangerous that we walk on the thin ice.
She hurried that she might not be late for work.
I will go to the zoo uni ess it rai ns.
I'll wait till he comes back.
When they got there, the train has left.
Whether he can some to see us is unknown.
Whether she is ill or well, she is always happy.
10.while 表时间，“当…时”While he was in Beijing, he
visited the Great Wall.
表让步, "尽管，既然” While I find the problems very difficult, I don ' t think them 11.whenever 表时间，“无论什么时候”Whe never you meet any trouble, tell me in soluble. at once.
引导定语从句和状语从句
6. u nless 表条件，"除非，如果不”
7. U n til/till 表时间，“直到…为止”
8. whe n 表时间，"当…时"
9. whether "是否”引导
表让步，“不管/无论、是否”。