高中英语必修一第1-5单元单词和短语用法

Ⅰ.重点单词识记。

Unit1. 1．ignore /ig′nɔː/ vt.不理睬；忽视
2．calm /kɑːm/ adj.平静的；镇静的；沉着的；
vt.& vi.(使)平静；(使)镇定
3．series /′siəriːz/ n．连续；系列
4．outdoors /ˌaʊt′dɔːz/ adv.在户外；在野外5．partner /′pɑːtnə/ n．伙伴；合作者，合伙人6．upset /ˌʌp′set/ adj.心烦意乱的；不适的；不安的；
vt.使不安；使心烦；弄翻；打翻7．dislike /dis′laik/ n．& vt.不喜欢，厌恶8．grateful /′greitfl/ adj.感激的；表示谢意的9．concern /kən′sɜːn/ vt.(使)担忧；涉及；关系到；
n.担心；关注；(利害)关系
→concerned adj.担心的；忧虑的
10．entire /in′taiə/ adj.整个的；完全的；全部的
→entirely adv.完全地；全然地；整个地11．settle /′setl/ v．定居，安家；停留；解决；安排→settlement n定居点；解决
12．suffer /′sʌfə/ v．遭受；忍受；经历
→suffering n．折磨；苦难
13．disagree /ˌdisə′ɡri:/ vi.不同意
→agree v．(反义词)同意→agreement n．同意；协议14．exact /iɡ′zækt/ adj.精确的；准确的；严谨的
→exactly adv.确实如此，正是；确切地15．power /′paʊə/ n．能力；权力→powerful adj.强大的16．recover /ri′kʌvə/ vt.& vi.痊愈；重新获得
→recovery n．康复；找回
Unit2. 1．native /′neitiv/ adj.本地的；本国的；
n.本地人；本国人2．actually /′æktʃʊəli/ adv.实际上；事实上3．request_ /ri′kwest/ n．& vt.请求；要求4．apartment /ə′pɑːtmənt/ n．公寓；住宅；单元住宅5．straight /streit/ adv.直接；挺直；
adj.直的；笔直的；正直的6．command/kə′mɑ:nd/ n．& vt.命令；指令；掌握7．base /beis/ vt.以……为根据；n.基部；基地；基础→basic adj.基本的；基础的
8．gradual /′ɡrædʒuəl/ adj.逐渐的；逐步的
→gradually adv.逐渐地；逐步地
9．latter /′lætə/ adj.较后的；后半的；(两者中)后
→latest adj.最新的；最近的
→later adv.后来；adj.后期的
→lately adv.近来，最近
10．identity /ai′dentəti/ n．本身；本体；身份
→identify vt.认出；鉴定
11．fluent /′flu:ənt/ adj.流利的；流畅的→fluently adv.流利地；流畅地→fluency n．流利；流畅12．frequent /′fri:kwənt/ adj.频繁的；常见的
→frequently adv.常常；频繁地
13．expression /ik′spreʃn/ n．词语；表示；表达
→express vt.表达
14．recognize /′rekəɡnaiz/ vt.辨认出；承认；公认
→recognition n．认出；认识
Unit 3. 1．transport /′trænspɔ:t/ n．& vt.运送，运输2．persuade /pə′sweid/ vt.说服，劝说
3．schedule /′ʃedju:l；′skedʒʊl/ n．时间表；进度表；
vt.为某事安排时间4．finally /′fainəli/ adv.最后；终于
5．fond /fɒnd/ adj.喜爱的；慈爱的；宠爱的6．shortcoming /′ʃɔ:tkʌmiŋ/ n．缺点
7．stubborn /′stʌbən/ adj.顽固的；固执的
8．journey /′dʒɜ:ni/ n．旅行；旅程
9．attitude /′ætitju:d/ n．态度；看法
10．forecast /′fɔ:kɑ:st/ n．& vt.预测；预报11．insurance /in′ʃʊərəns/ n．保险
12．beneath /bi′ni:θ/ prep.在……下面
13．prefer /pri′fɜ:/ vt.更喜欢→preference n．偏爱；爱好14．disadvantage /disəd′vɑ:ntidʒ/ n．不利条件；不便之处→advantage (反义词)有利条件；优势15．graduate /′ɡrædʒʊeit/ vi.毕业
→graduation n．毕业；毕业典礼
16．organize /′ɔ:ɡənaIz/ vt.组织；成立
→organizer n．组织者→organization n．组织
→organized adj.有组织的
17．determine /di′tɜ:min/ vt.决定；确定；下定决心→determined adj.坚决的；有决心的
→determination n．决心
18．reliable /ri′laiəbəl/ adj.可信赖的；可靠的
→rely vi.依靠；依赖
Unit 4. 1．burst /bɜ:st/ vi.爆裂；爆发；n.突然破裂；爆发2．destroy /di′strɔi/ vt.破坏，毁坏；消灭
3．rescue /′reskju:/ n．& vt.援救；营救
4．trap /træp/ vt.使陷入困境；n.陷阱；困境5．event /i′vent/ n．大事；事件
6．ruin /′ru:in/ n．废墟；毁灭；vt.使破产；毁灭7．extreme /ik′stri:m/ adj.极度的
8．bury /′beri/ vt.埋葬，掩埋；隐藏
9．shelter /′ʃeltə/ n．掩蔽；避身处
10．sincerely /sin′siəli/ adv.真诚地，真挚地11．express /ik′spres/ vt.表达；表示；n.快车；速递
→expression n．表达；表情
12．injure /′indʒə/ vt.损害；伤害
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→injury n．伤害；损害→injured adj.受伤的13．electricity /ilek′trisəti/ n．电；电流；电学
→electric adj.用电的；带电的
→electrical adj.与电有关的；电学的
14．frighten /′fraitn/ vt.使惊吓，吓唬→frightened adj. 受惊吓的；受恐吓的→frightening adj.令人惊恐的15．congratulation /kənɡrætʃʊ′leiʃn/ n．祝贺；(复数)贺词→congratulate vt.祝贺
16．judge /dʒʌdʒ/ n．裁判员；法官；vt.断定；判决→judgement n．裁判；判决
Unit 5. 1．generous /′dʒenərəs/ adj.慷慨的；大方的2．found /faʊnd/ vt.建立；建设
3．principle /′prinsəpl/ n．法则；原理；原则4．guidance /′ɡaidəns/ n．指导；领导
5．hopeful /′həʊpfl/ adj.怀有希望的，有希望的6．vote /vəʊt/ v．& n．投票，选举
7．attack /ə′tæk/ vt.进攻，攻击；抨击
8．escape /i′skeip/ vi.逃脱，逃走；泄露
9．relative /′relətiv/ n．亲戚，亲属
10．terror /′terə/ n．恐怖；可怕的人；恐怖时期；恐怖活动11．quality /′kwɒləti/ n．质量；品质；性质
→quantity n．数量，量
12．active /′æktiv/ adj.积极的；活跃的
→actively adv.积极地；活跃地→activity n. 活动13．devote /di′vəʊt/ vt.献身，专心于
→devoted adj.忠实的；深爱的
→devotion n．关爱；献身，奉献；忠诚14．peaceful /′pi:sfl/ adj.和平的；平静的；安宁的
→peacefully adv.和平地→peace n．和平；平静；和睦15．legal /′li:ɡl/ adj.法律的；依照法律的
→illegal (反义词) adj.非法的，违法的16．violence /′vaiələns/ n．暴力；暴行
→violent adj.暴力的；猛烈的
17．equal /′i:kwəl/ adj.相等的；平等的
→equally adv.同样地；相等地；公平地
→equality n．平等，相等
18．educate /′edʒʊkeIt/ vt.教育；训练
→educated adj.受过教育的；有教养的
→education n．教育→educator n．教育工作者；教育家19．beg /beɡ/ vi.请求；乞求→beggar n．乞丐20．reward /ri′wɔ:d/ n．报酬；奖金；vt.酬劳；奖赏→rewarding adj.值得的；有益的；有回报的
Ⅱ.重点短语识记。

Unit1. 1．add_up合计
2．calm_..._down(使)平静下来；(使)镇定下来3．be_concerned_about关心；挂念
4．go_through经历；经受
5．set_down放下；记下；登记
6．a_series_of一连串的；一系列；一套
7．on_purpose故意
8．in_order_to为了……
9．at_dusk 在黄昏时刻
10．face_to_face面对面地
11．suffer_from 遭受；患病
12．get/be_tired_of对……厌烦
13．pack_(sth.)_up将(东西)装箱打包
14．get_along_with与……相处；进展
15．fall_in_love相爱；爱上
16．join_in参加；加入
Unit21．because_of由于，因为
2．come_up走近；上来；提出
3．at_present目前，现在
4．make_use_of利用；使用
5．such_as例如……；像这种的
6．play_a_part_in在……中扮演一个角色；参与……7．believe_it_or_not信不信由你
8．even_though/if即便，即使
Unit 3 1．ever since 从那以后
2．dream about梦想
3．persuade sb. to do sth.说服某人做某事4．graduate from college大学毕业
5．be fond of喜欢，喜爱
6．care about关心；忧虑；惦念
7．change one’s mind改变主意
8．make up one’s mind下决心，决定
9．give in屈服，让步；投降
10．as usual照常
Unit 4. 1．right away立刻，马上
2．think little of不重视
3．as if好像，仿佛
4．at an end结束，终结
5．in ruins严重受损，破败不堪
6．a (great) number of许多，大量的
7．dig out掘出；发现
8．be proud of/take pride in因……而自豪
Unit 51．out of work失业
2．as a matter of fact/in fact事实上
3．blow up使充气；爆炸
4．in trouble在危险、受罚、痛苦、忧虑等的处境中5．turn to求助于；致力于
6．lose heart丧失勇气或信心
7．come to power上台；当权
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8．set up设立，建立；搭起
9．be sentenced to被判处……(徒刑)
10．in one’s opinion在某人看来
Ⅲ.经典原句默写与背诵。

Unit 1 1．While walking the dog，you were careless and it got loose and was hit by a car.遛狗时你不小心把狗松开了，狗被汽车撞了。

2．You will tell him/her that he/she should have studied，so you don’t let him/her look at your paper.你将告诉他/她说他/她过去本该学习，因此你不许他/她看你的卷子。

3．I wonder if it’s because I haven’t been able to be outdoors for so long that I’ve grown so crazy about everything to do with nature.我不知道这是不是因为我长久无法出门的缘故，我变得对一切与大自然有关的事物都无比狂热。

4．...it was the first time in a year and a half that I’d seen the night face to face..这是我一年半以来第一次目睹夜晚…5．It’s no pleasure looking through these any longer because nature is one thing that really must be experienced.透过(窗帘)观看这些已经不再是乐趣，因为大自然是你必须亲身体验的。

Unit 2.1．Why not go by underground？为什么不坐地铁去呢？
2．Native English speakers can understand each other even if they don’t speak the same kind of English.以英语作为母语的人，即使他们所讲的语言不尽相同，也可以相互理解。

3．Believe it or not，there is no such thing as standard English.信不信由你，(世界上)没有什么标准英语。

4.Those_who_reported_the_news were expected to speak excellent English. 播报新闻的人应该说出色的英语。

Unit 3.1．Ever since middle school，my sister Wang Wei and I have dreamed about taking a great bike trip.从高中起，我姐姐王薇和我就一直梦想作一次伟大的自行车旅行。

2．Although she didn’t know the best way of getting to places，she insisted that she organize the trip properly.虽然她对去某些地方的最佳路线并不清楚，她却坚持要自己把这次旅游安排得尽善尽美。

3．When I told her the air would be hard to breathe and it would be very cold，she said it would be an interesting experience.当我告诉她那里空气稀薄，呼吸会很困难而且天气很冷时，她却说这将是一次有趣的经历。

4．Once she has made up her mind，nothing can change it.一旦下了决心，什么也不能改变她。

5．A determined person always tries to finish the job，no matter how hard it is.一个意志坚定的人总是努力完成工作，不管它多困难。

Unit 4.1．In the farmyards，the chickens and even the pigs were too nervous to eat.农家大院里的鸡，甚至猪都太紧张了以致于不吃东西了。

2．It seemed as if the world was at an end!仿佛到了世界末日！3．Thousands of families were killed and many children were left without parents.成千上万个家庭遇难，许多孩子变成了孤儿。

4．All hope was not lost.不是所有的希望都破灭了。

5．The army organized teams to dig out those who were trapped and to bury the dead.部队人员组成小分队，将受困的人们挖出来，将死者掩埋。

Unit 5.1．However，this was a time when one had got to have a passbook to live in Johannesburg.然而在那个时候，你要想住在约翰内斯堡就非得要有身份证不可。

2．The last thirty years have seen the greatest number of laws stopping our rights and progress，until today we have reached a stage where we have almost no rights at all.过去30年来所出现的大量法律剥夺我们的权利，阻挡我们的进步，一直到今天，我们还处在几乎什么权利都没有的阶段。

3．...we were put into a position in which we had either to accept we were less important，or fight the government. ……我们被置于这样一种境地：要么被迫承认我们低人一等，要么与政府作斗争。

4．...only then did we decide to answer violence with violence.只有到那个时候，我们才决定用暴力反抗暴力。

5．I felt bad the first time I talked to a group.第一次跟一个团队说话时，我感觉很糟。

Ⅳ.重点单词用法讲解。

Unit1. 1.upset adj.心烦意乱的；不安的；
upset，upset ，使不安；使心烦；打乱；扰乱；打翻
be upset about/at/over为……烦恼
upset oneself about sth.为某事而烦恼
It upsets sb. that...让某人心烦的是……
Don’t be ups et about it—no harm has been done.不要为那事烦恼，没有造成损失。

【夯实基础】(1)用upset的适当形式填空
①She sounded upset when I said you couldn’t come.
②She warned me not to say anything to upset him.
③I will never see him again and that is a terribly upsetting
thought.
(2)—What’s the matter with her? ——她怎么了？
—She is really upset over/at/about not finding a job.—她为没找到工作而心烦意乱。

文案大全
(3)翻译句子。

1. 我心烦意乱，很想哭。

I was so upset that I felt like crying.
2.ignore v.不理睬；忽视；不顾
ignorance n.无知；愚昧；不知道
out of/through ignorance出于无知
ignorant adj.无知的；愚昧的；不知道的
be ignorant of不知道……
What’s worse，they spat and even threw rubbish into the lake，totally ignoring the noticeable sign “No Littering” nearby.更糟的是，他们随地吐痰，甚至把垃圾扔到湖里，完全无视附近“禁止扔垃圾”的警告牌。

【夯实基础】(1)用ignore的适当形式填空。

①They fought a long battle against prejudice and ignorance.
②People don’t like to ask questions for fear of appearing
ignorant.
(2)将划线句子进行同义句改写。

—Tom is always saying I’m ugly，Mom.
—Just ignore him. You are the most beautiful in my eyes. Don’t mind/care about it.
3.calm adj.镇静的，沉着的(not excited，upset，etc.)；风平浪静的；无风的；v.(使)平静，(使)镇静
calm sb. down使某人平静下来
keep/be/stay calm保持镇静calm down 平静镇静下来The black pencil，on the other hand，remains calm.另一方面，那只黑色铅笔却保持平静。

It is not easy to calm the excited man down.很难使那个激动的人平静下来。

【夯实基础】(1)Do keep calm in an emergency，or things will get even worse.在遇到紧急情况时一定要保持镇静，否则情况会更糟。

(2)翻译句子。

1.面对危险，他保持镇静。

He remained/stayed/kept calm in facing the danger.
4. concern v.影响affect ；涉及involve，
n.担心，忧虑；关心
concerned adj.担心的；忧虑的；感兴趣的concerning prep.关于
be connected with与……有关
be worried about 让某人担忧
As far as sb. be concerned就某人而言
concern oneself about/for 对……担心/关心
concern oneself with
sb./sth
与……有关
It is love and concern that have brought about the great
changes.是爱和关心带来了这巨大的变化。

As fa r as I’m concerned，riding bicycles is a good
solution.就我而言，骑自行车是一个好的解决办法。

【夯实基础】(1) 用concern的适当形式填空
①For more information concerning the club contact I，Coldwell.
②I just spoke with a very concerned mother.
③Government officials remain concerned about the
fragility(脆弱) of the financial sector.
(2)同义句改写。

Because he was concerned about the farm workers，Premier
Wen visited them again at the beginning of 2012.(用过去
分词短语改写句子)
Concerned about the farm workers，Premier Wen visited
them again at the beginningof_2012.
5.power n.能力；力量；权力；动力
come to/into power掌权；上台
in one’s power在某人的掌控中
do all in one’s power尽力而为
She is said to have the power of foreseeing the future.据
说她有预测未来的能力。

She interviewed six women who have reached positions
of great power and influence.她采访了6名身居高位，并
且颇具影响力的女士。

【夯实基础】同义句改写。

He told her that he would do everything in his power to
prove that he was the man for her.
(1)He told her that he would do what he could to prove
that he was the man for her.(改为含有what从句的复合句)
(2)He told her that he would do his best to prove that he
was the man for her.(用do one’s best改写句子)
6.使定居；平静下来；结束；决定；确定
settle down稳定；定居；坐下；平静下来
settle down to 开始专心做to 是介词
settle in定居；习惯于；适应
settle on/upon决定……；选定……
They settled down to a serious discussion over coffee.他
们喝着咖啡，开始认真讨论问题。

But he finally settled on literature，particularly drama and
poetry.但是，他最终决定(选择)文学，侧重于戏剧和诗歌。

Unit 2. 1.base vt以……为基础；n.基础
basic adj.基础的；基本的basis n.基础
base...on/upon...以……为根据/基础
be based on/upon以……为根据/基础
on the basis of在……基础上
Actually，teaching is an art based on science.事实上，教
学是一门建立在科学基础上的艺术。

【夯实基础】(1)用base的适当形式填空。

文案大全
①You’ll be able to choose a room based on your own personal tastes.
②We’re going to be meeting there on a regular basis.
③Basing an important decision more on emotion than on reason，you will regret it sooner or later.
(2)同义句改写。

I am mailing a textbook which is based on a new method of teaching physics.(用过去分词作定语改写句子)
I am mailing a textbook based on a new method of teaching physics.
(3)翻译句子。

1、人们应该总是把观点建立在事实的基础上。

One should always base his opinion on facts.
2.separate v.把…分开；分隔；adj.分开的；单独的；独立的separate A from B 把A和B分开
be separated from和……分离
divide...into...把……分成……
They led separate lives.他们各自单独生活。

He divided the apple in half.他把苹果分成两半。

【特别提醒】separate没有破坏宾语的整体性，只是将宾语分开；divide则破坏了宾语的完整性。

【夯实基础】(1)语法填空。

①I can separate cream from milk.
②The two cities are separated by a highway.
③Divide the cake into halves.
(2)用所给词的适当形式填空。

As we joined the big crowd I got separated(separate) from my friends.
mand v.命令order ；指挥be in charge of；
n.命令；掌握control
command sb. to do...命令某人做……
should do...命令……
at one’s command听某人支配
have a good command of 掌握……，精通……
take command of指挥，控制
They help the computer react to commands from the brain.他们帮助电脑对来自大脑的指令做出反应。

The police arrived and took command of the situation.警察到达后就控制了局势。

【夯实基础】同义句改写。

(1)Captain Picard commanded the crew to report the main deck.(改为含有that从句的复合句)
Captain_Picard_commanded_that_the_crew_(should)_re port_the_main_deck.
(2)Because she was good at Chinese and English，she had an advantage over the other interviewees.(用command短语改写句子)
With a good command of both Chinese and English，she had an advantage over the other interviewees.
4.request vt.& n.要求；请求ask；ask for
request sb.to do...请求某人做某事
request sth. from sb.向某人要求某物
should do...要求……
at one’s request＝at the request of sb.应某人的要求
She had requested that the door to her room be left open.她要求不要关闭通向她房间的门。

Vietnam made an official request that the meeting be postponed.越南已经正式请求将会议推迟。

特别提醒
动词request后的宾语从句以及名词request后的表语从句、同位语从句都要用虚拟语气，即谓语动词为(should ＋)动词原形。

【夯实基础】(1)用所给词的适当形式填空
①You are requested not to smoke(not，smoke) in the restaurant.
②We specially requested that you (should) be informed (inform)．
③The request is that manuscripts (should) be written(write) on one side only.
(2)I’m sorry that I cannot accept your request(接受你的要求) to attend your birthday party，Linda，because I’m required(要求我) to answer all the customers’ letters tonight by my boss.
5. expect v.预料；预计；期望；盼望
expect sb. to do...预料期望某人做……
as expected正如所料；不出所料
expectation n.预料；希望，盼望
in expectation of预料
beyond expectations 出乎意料
live up to sb’s expectations达到理想；符合希望
We were expecting him home again some day.我们期盼着他某一天再回家。

Don’t expect me to come and vi sit you there.别指望我会去那儿看你。

夯实基础(1)用expect的适当形式填空
①After a year，she got a son as expected.
②Stephen Chase had determined to live up to the expectations of the company.
(2)同义句改写。

Duty is an act or a course of action that people expect you to take by social customs，law or religion.(改为简单句) Duty is an act or a course of action expected to be taken
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by social customs，law or religion.
6. recognize v.认识；辨认出make out；
be recognized as被公认为……
It is recognized that...人们公认……
out of/beyond recognition认不出来
Thus I began to recognize the strengths of my classmates and have everyone do their part in class.因此我开始认识到同学们的力量，然后让他们在班级里发挥各自的作用。

[夯实基础(1)同义句改写。

It is recognized that environmental pollution has become one of the most serious problems that people face.(用sth. be recognized to...改写句子)
Environmental pollution is recognized to have become one of the most serious problems that people face.
(2)翻译句子。

①我们都肯定她在舞蹈方面的才华。

We all recognized her talent for dancing.
③这本书现在是一部公认的经典著作。

The book is
now recognized as a classic.
【夯实基础】(1)完成句子。

①With all the difficult problems settled，the boss went abroad for a trip.由于所有的难题都解决了，老板去国外旅行了。

②I’m glad to learn that you’ve settled down in Boston.获悉你已在波士顿定居我很高兴。

(2)同义句改写
They finally settled to buy the car.(用动名词作宾语改写句子)They finally settled on/upon buying the car.
7.suffer v .受折磨to be badly affected；遭受suffer pain/defeat/hardship 遭受痛苦/失败/艰难
suffer from受……折磨；患……病
suffering n.痛苦；苦恼；让人痛苦的事
On the other hand，they also suffer from less respect and lower pay，working all day on the street whether it shines strongly or snows，winds heavily.另一方面，他们不受尊重，报酬很低，整天在马路上劳作，不管烈日炎炎还是狂风暴雪。

Our earth is suffering severe damage.我们的地球正遭受着严重的破坏。

【特别提醒】suffer和suffer from一般不用于被动语态。

【夯实基础】用所给词的适当形式填空。

(1)After the flooding，people were suffering(suffer) in that area，who urgently needed clean water，medicine and shelter to survive.
(2)Shortly after suffering(suffer) from a massive earthquake and being reduced to ruins，the city took on a new look. (3)—It is reported that the government has lightened the burden on the students. —Oh，today we are still suffering(suffer) from heavy school work，aiming(aim) at preparing us for the entrance examination.
8.recover v.痊愈；康复；找回；重新获得
recover from从……中恢复recover oneself恢复正常recover losses/one’s lost watch弥补损失/找回失去的手表recovery n.康复，恢复
With my special care，my mother recovered quickly.在我的细心照料下，母亲很快就康复了。

Seeing her lying in bed with her leg wrapped in bandages，we felt sorry for her and hoped that she would recover soon.看到她腿缠绷带躺在床上我们都很难过并希望她能尽快康复。

【夯实基础】(1)用所给词的适当形式填空。

①She soon recovered herself(she) and went on with her lecture.
②The boy made a quick recovery(recover) from his cold.
(2)同义词语替换。

Share prices on the Stock Exchange plunged sharply in the morning but recovered slightly in the afternoon. went up Unit 3.1 prefer v．更喜欢；
prefer to do/doing sth.更喜欢做……
prefer sb.to do...喜欢让某人做……
＝prefer to do...rather than 和……相比更喜欢做……
have a preference to优先考虑……
After all，all kids prefer to be praised rather than be scolded.毕竟，所有的孩子都喜欢表扬而不是批评。

Fluency in Chinese is preferred.流利的汉语是首选。

I prefer red wine to white.我喜欢红葡萄酒，不太喜欢白的。

【夯实基础】(1)用所给词的适当形式填空
①He prefers staying(stay) indoors to going(go) out this afternoon.
②Tom prefers to meet his friend at the station rather than wait(wait) here.
(2)同义句改写。

She preferred to go with us rather than stay behind.
①She preferred going with us to staying behind.(用prefer doing...to doing...改写句子)
②She would rather go with us than stay behind.(用would rather do...than do...改写句子)
③She would go with us rather than stay behind.(用would do...rather than do...改写句子)
2. persuade vt说服；使信服；使相信
persuade sb.to do...＝persuade sb.into doing...
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说服某人做……
persuade sb.not to do...＝persuade sb.out of doing...说服某人不做……
persuade sb.of sth./that...使某人相信某事
Finally she persuaded him into going to the hospital.她最终说服他去了医院。

We finally persuaded Ben of the wisdom of the decision. 我们最终使本相信这个决定是明智的。

特别提醒表示“试图说服某人做某事”的其他表达形式：try to persuade sb. to do...；advise sb. to do...
夯实基础(1)Mr. Green has never smoked any more since his wife persuaded him to give it up.自从妻子说服他戒烟以来，格林先生从来没吸过。

(2)同义句改写。

Tom persuaded his father not to smoke at last.(用persuade sb. out of doing...改写句子)
Tom persuaded his father out of smoking at last. 3. schedule n. 时间表；进度表；为某事安排时间 on schedule 准时 ahead of schedule 提前 behind schedule 晚点；落后于预定计划 be scheduled for/to do...安排某事/做某事
I searched the Internet for the train schedule.我在网上寻找火车时刻表。

We failed to finish the planned work on schedule due to the bad weather.因为糟糕的天气，我们未能如期完成计划好的工作。

夯实基础(1)用schedule 的适当形式填空
①The children must have got lost in the woods ；otherwise ，they would have been at the lakeside camp as scheduled.
②The president is scheduled to inspect the school this Friday.
(2)I’d love to join in your visit to a local museum today ，but I’m on a very tight schedule(日程紧)—I’ve got a lot of work to do today.
(3)翻译句子。

你明天的日程安排如何？What’s your schedule for tomorrow? 4. determine vt 决定 determine to do...决定做表示动作 determine on/upon 决定
determine sb.to do...使某人决定做……
be determined to do...决心做某事表示状态 with determination 坚决地；果断地
He determined to go at once.他决定立刻就走。

She is determined to do it regardless of all consequences.她不顾一切后果，决心这样做。

夯实基础(1)We carried out the plan with determination(果断地实施了这项计划)． (2)同义句改写
We determined on an early start.(用不定式改写句子) We determined to start early.
5. view n .个人的看法opinion ，风景；
v .把…视为；把…看作
point of view 观点，看法in/out of view 在视线范围内/外 in one’s view ＝in the view of sb.依照某人的观点, in view of 鉴于，考虑到come into view 出现在眼前 I can’t agree more with this view.我完全同意这种观点。

We’ll go and view the house before we buy it.在买房前我们先去看一看房子。

夯实基础(1)On the top of this mountain ，you can get a wonderful view of the nearby hills.站在山顶上，你会看到附近山脉的优美景色。

(2)The lake came into view as we turned the corner.转过弯，我们就看见那个湖了。

Unit 4.1. rise vi 升起；上涨；提高；n.上升
rise to one’s feet 站起来 on the rise 在上涨；在增长 give rise to 引起；导致
Spray rose up from the surface of the water.水面溅起水花。

He will get a pay rise of nearly ￡4,000.他的工资将会上涨将近4 000英镑。

图解助记
夯实基础(1)用rise 短语的适当形式填空。

①Delays could give rise to further problems. ②Serious crime is once again on the rise. ③Pushing back her chair she rose to her feet. (2)用rise 的短语替换下列划线部分
The number of the unemployed is rising owing to the financial crisis. on the rise
2. burst v ．爆裂(to break apart )；突然出现(appear suddenly )；n .突发；爆破；爆裂
/ break into ＋n . 突然爆发；闯入 burst/ break out doing...突然开始做…… burst in 突然冲入 burst forth 迸发
Hearing this ，the whole class burst into laughter and my desk-mate’s face turned red.听到这，全班同学大笑起来，我同桌的脸变红了。

I don’t know what in the novel made him burst into tears.我不知道是小说中的什么东西使他突然泪如泉涌。

Last night the room was burst into but nothing was taken
away.昨晚有人闯入房间但没有带走任何东西。

【图解助记】
【夯实基础】同义句改写。

(1)Hearing the news，John burst into tears.(用burst out 改写句子)Hearing the news，John burst out crying. (2)As soon as she saw her mother，she burst into tears.(改为现在分词短语作状语)
She saw her mother，bursting into tears.
3. ruin v毁坏；n.毁坏；废墟
in ruins毁坏；成为废墟fall/come into ruin逐渐破碎bring...to ruin使……失败；使……毁坏
Heavy smoking ruined his health.过度吸烟损害了他的健康。

The bad weather had ruined all my pleasure for the holiday.糟糕的天气毁掉了我度假的好心情。

【夯实基础】(1)用ruin的适当形式填空
①Years of fighting has left Iraq ruined.
②It rained for two weeks on end，completely ruining our holiday.
③This country was once proud of its education system. Now it seems to be in ruins.
(2)同义句改写。

His broken leg means ruining all his hopes of becoming a famous athlete.(用名词ruin改写)
His broken leg means the ruin of all his hopes of becoming a famous athlete.
4. rescue v&n.营救；拯救
rescue sb./sth.from sth.从……中营救……
go/come to one’s rescue去/来救某人
rescuer n.救援人员
We were about to close down the business，but the bank went/came to our rescue with a huge loan.我们几乎要停业，但银行借给了一大笔钱救了我们。

Rescuers searched the rubble for survivors.救援人员在瓦砾中搜寻幸存者。

夯实基础用rescue的适当形式填空。

(1)We are informed that more firefighters will be sent there to rescue the victims.
(2)All the visitors were rescued from the burning hotel；the two injured were saved by doctors from a nearby hospital.
5．trap vt使陷入……困境; n. 陷阱; 困境set/lay a trap for为……设下圈套
be caught in a trap＝fall into a trap落入陷阱
be trapped in 被困在……；使陷入……困境
trap sb. into doing...诱骗某人做……
She had set/laid a trap for him and he had walked straight into it.她给他设下圈套，他就径直钻了进去。

She was trapped in the burning house at that moment.那时她被困在燃烧着的房子里。

【夯实基础】
(1)He was caught in a trap of(陷入) poverty.
(2)Were you just trying to trap her into making(诱骗她做出) a mistaken decision?
(3)The police set a trap(设圈套) to catch the thieves.
6. bury vt.埋葬；掩埋；隐藏
bury sth. in...把……埋在……
bury oneself in埋头于，专心于
be buried in专心于
The paper was buried under a pile of books.那份文件被埋在书堆下。

She sat there，buried in thought.她坐在那儿，陷入了沉思。

【夯实基础】(1)用bury的适当形式填空。

①He walked slowly，his hand buried in his pocket.
②The girl was sitting on the bench in the park，burying her head in the book in her hands.
③They think she was buried in the desert，along with a few others.
(2)同义句改写。

I was buried in the newspaper and I didn’t notice what was happening.(用过去分词短语作状语改写句子) Buried in the newspaper，I didn’t notice what was happening.
7．congratulate vt.祝贺，向……道喜
congratulation n. 祝贺（复数）congratulations congratulate sb. on sth.为某事向某人祝贺
就向某人祝贺
Congratulations！祝贺你！
Congratulations on your happy marriage!祝贺你喜结良缘！【特别提醒】(1)congratulation用作祝贺语时，通常用复数形式；作为“祝贺”这一抽象意义时，通常用单数形式。

(2)congratulate后不接带不定式的复合结构或that从句。

【夯实基础】(1)单句改错。

①I congratulated myself that I had escaped unhurt.
I congratulated myself on having escaped unhurt.
②
We congratulated him to have passed the exam.
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We congratulated him on having passed the exam. ④—Bill，I have just passed the TOEFL. —Congratulation./ Congratulations.
(2)翻译句子。

人们向她祝贺她所取得的成就。

She was congratulated on what she had achieved.
8 judge n.裁判员；法官；vt.判定；判断；判决
判断某人事
judging from/by...根据……判断
in one’s judgment依某人看来
I’m writing to invite you to be a judge at our English speech contest to be held in our school on June 15.我写信邀请你担任6月15日在我们学校举行的英语演讲比赛的裁判。

Judging by the look on his face，the news must have been terrible.从他脸上的表情判断，这条消息肯定很糟糕。

夯实基础(1)Judging from the number of cars，he thought there were not many people at the club.从车的数量来看，他认为俱乐部里的人不多。

(2)同义句改写。

In my judgment，all of them are to blame.
①In my opinion，all of them are to blame.(用opinion改写句子)
②As far as I am concerned，all of them are to blame.(用concern改写句子)
9. honor n. 尊敬；崇敬；荣幸；vt.尊敬；尊重
in honor of出于对某人物的敬意；为了纪念
have the honor of doing...有幸做……
很荣幸做……
It’s a great honor for me to tell you something about our English club which lasts for two months.让我谈谈持续了两个月的英语俱乐部的情况对我来说是莫大的荣幸。

I feel highly honored by your trust.得到您的信任，我感到十分荣幸。

【夯实基础】(1)同义句改写。

①I have the honor of performing before you all.(用it作形式主语改写句子)It’s an honor for me to perform before you all.
②The street was named after a great man to honor his great contributions to the city.(用in honor of改写句子) The street was named after a great man in honor of his great contributions to the city.
(2)翻译句子。

今天承蒙邀请到此，深感荣幸。

It was a great honor to be invited here today.
10．prepare vt.准备；调制preparation n.准备prepare for为……作准备
prepare sb.sth.＝prepare sth.for sb.为某人准备……be prepared for.../to do...准备好……
in preparation for为……作准备
make preparations for为……作准备
I immediately went to get her some medicine and then prepared some noodles for her.我马上去给她拿了些药然后为她做了些面条。

We each will prepare a little present.我们每个人都会准备一个小礼物。

Justin had opened several bottles of wine in preparation for the party.贾斯廷已开了好几瓶葡萄酒为聚会作准备。

【夯实基础】(1)用prepare的适当形式填空。

①The Foreign Minister was not prepared for such questions.
②If we hadn’t made adequate preparations，the conference wouldn’t have been so successful.
③—Pity you missed the lecture on nuclear pollution.
—I would have attended it，but I was busy preparing for a job interview.
(2)同义句改写。

Upon graduation from school，how well will you be ready for the job that lies ahead?
Upon graduating from school，how well will you be prepared for the job that lies ahead？
Unit 5.1. quality n. 质量；品质
high/good/top quality高质量
poor/bad/low quality质量差be of high quality质量高The food is of the highest quality.这种食品质量最优。

What is the quality you most admire in others?你最羡慕其他人的什么品质？
【夯实基础】翻译句子。

(1)质量比数量更重要。

Quality is more important than quantity.
(2)他是一个高素质的人。

He is a man of high quality. 2. devote vt. 专心于……;献身于
devoted adj.忠实的devotion n.奉献；关照devote...to...把……致力于……，专心于……
be devoted to致力于，献身于；热爱……
Besides，she often devotes her spare time to helping others.而且，她经常把业余时间用来帮助他人。

However，as I stepped into Senior Three，I had to devote most of my spare time to studying.但是当升入高三后，我不得不把大多数业余时间都用来学习。

Alanna has always shown intense devotion to her children.阿立娜一直非常钟爱她的孩子们。

【夯实基础】(1)用devote的适当形式填空。

①He is highly thought of because of his devotion to duty.
②His life is one devoted to the people.
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