2019年12月英语六级听力原文和问答翻译

2019年12月听力第1套
Conversation 1
M: Excuse me. Where’s your rock music section?
男：打扰了，请问摇滚专区在哪？
W: Rock music? I’m sorry, we are a jazz store. We don’t have any rock and roll.
女：啥？抱歉，我们这是爵士店，不弄摇滚。

M: Oh, you only have jazz music, nothing else.
男：啊，这样啊！
W: That's right.(1) We're the only record store in London dedicated exclusively to Jazz.Actually, we're more than just a record store. We have a cafe and library upstairs and a ticket office down the hall where you can buy tickets to all the major Jazz concerts in the city. Also we have our own studio next door where reproduce albums for up and coming artists. We are committed to fostering new music talent.
女：是的，我们是伦敦唯一一家专卖爵士乐的唱片商店哦。

其实我们不仅仅有唱片，楼上还有咖啡厅和图书馆，大厅还有票房，可以买到伦敦大型爵士音乐会的门票。

同时隔壁还有我们自己的录音棚，可以给有潜力的歌手重新制作专辑。

我们致力于培养年轻的音乐人才。

M: That's so cool.(2) I guess there's not much of a Jazz scene anymore. Not like they used to be.But here you're trying to promote this great music genre.
男：牛啊！现在爵士乐的东西不多了，不像原来了。

但是你们居然还在推广这种伟大的音乐类型。

W: Yes. Indeed, nowadays most people like to listen to pop and rock music. Hip hop music from America is also getting more and more popular. So as a result, there are fewer listeners of Jazz, which is a great shame because it's an incredibly rich genre. But that's not to say there isn't any good new Jazz music being made out there anymore. Far from it. It's just a much smaller
market today.
女：是的，确实，现在的人们都喜欢听摇滚。

美国的嘻哈也越来越火。

所以听爵士的人越来越少，挺可惜的，爵士真的很棒。

但这不意味着好的新的爵士乐就没有了。

绝对不是。

只不过现在的市场要小得多。

M: So how would you define Jazz?
男：你怎么定义爵士乐？
W: Interestingly enough, there's no agreed upon definition of Jazz.(3) Indeed, there are many different styles of Jazz,some have singing, but most don't. Some are electric and some aren't. Some contain live experimentation, but not always. (3) While there's no simple definition for it, you simply know it when you hear it. Honestly,(4) the only way to know what Jazz is, listen to it yourself.As the great trumpet player, Louis Armstrong said, if you've got to ask, you'll never know.
女：好问题，我觉得对于爵士乐没有一个约定的定义。

爵士乐类型很多，有的有演唱，有的没有，有的是电音，有的不是，有的有现场，有的没有。

不过虽然对于爵士没有一个简单的定义，但是只要你听到一首爵士乐，你能马上意识到。

说实话，唯一去了解爵士的方式，就是自己去听一听。

伟大的小号手路易斯说过，如果你总是在提问，你将无法知晓。

Question 1. What do we learn about the woman's store? 女士的店是怎样的？
- It focuses exclusively on jazz. 是专门售卖爵士乐商品的店。

Question 2. What does the man say about Jazz music? 男士对爵士乐如何评论？
- Its market has now shrunk. 爵士乐的市场已经缩水了。

Question 3. What does the woman say about Jazz? 女士怎么评论爵士乐？
- Its definition is varied and complicated. 爵士乐的定义多样且复杂。

Question 4. What should you do to appreciate different styles of Jazz
according to the woman? 女生如何建议我们去欣赏不同风格的爵士乐？
- Listen to them yourself. 亲自去听。

Conversation 2
M:(5) How did it go at the bank this morning?
男：今天上午在银行还顺利吗？
W: Not well. My proposal was rejected.
女：不太顺利，我的提案被否了。

M: Really? But why?
男：为啥啊？
W: Bunch of reasons. For starters, (6) they said my credit history was not good enough.
女：好些原因了，第一，他们说我的信用记录不够好。

M: Did they say how you could improve that?
男：他们有说你要怎么做吗？
W: Yes, they said that after five more years of paying my mortgage, then I will become a more viable candidate for a business loan. But right now, it's too risky for them to lend me money. They fear I will default on any business loan I'm given.
女：是的，他们说五年多后我还了房贷，我会更适合申请商业贷款。

但是现在，借钱给我风险太高。

他们担心我会还不上钱。

M: That doesn't sound fair.(7) Your business idea is amazing. Did you show them your business plan?What did they say?
男：这不公平。

你的商业计划一级棒啊！你有给他们看你的计划吗？他们怎么说？
W: They didn't really articulate any position regarding the actual business plan. They simply looked at my credit history and determined it was not good enough. They said the bank has strict guidelines and requirements as to who they can lend money to. And I simply don't meet their financial threshold.
女：他们没有对于我的商业计划发表看法。

他们仅仅看了我的信用记录就认为我不够好。

他们说银行对于借贷有着严格的要求。

我没有满足他们在财务方面的门槛。

M:(8) What if you ask for a smaller amount? Maybe you could gather capital from other sources, smaller loans from more lenders.
男：那你如果申请小额贷款呢？或者你可以多方筹款，每笔少借一些？
W: You don't get it. It doesn't matter the size of the loan I ask for, or the type of business I propose. That's all inconsequential. The first thing every bank will do is study how much money I have and how much debt I have before they decide whether or not to lend me any more money. If I want to continue ahead with this dream of only my own business, I have no other choice. But to build up my own finances, I need around 20% more in personal savings and 50% less debt. That's all to it.
女：你没明白，借款规模或者商业类型不重要。

银行在决定是否借你钱之前第一件事儿就是了解你的财产和借贷情况。

如果我要继续创业，我必须要贷款，但是要达到个人财务标准，我需要多20%的储蓄并且减少50%的借贷。

必须这样。

M: I see now it's a huge pity that they rejected your request, but don't lose hope. I still think that your idea is great and that you would turn it into a phenomenal success.
男：我明白了。

你的计划被拒好可惜，但是不要失去希望。

我觉得你的想法超棒，你会成功的。

Question 5. What did the woman do this morning? 女士在早晨做了什么？
- She went to the bank. 她去了银行。

Question 6. Why was the woman's proposal rejected? 为什么女士的提议被否？
- Her credit history was considered poor. 她信用记录不太好。

Question 7. What is the woman planning to do? 女士计划做什么？
- Start her own business. 创业。

Question 8. What does the man suggest the woman do? 男士建议女士做什么？
- Build up her own finances step by step. 逐步集资。

Passage 1
There's a lot about Leo Sanchez and his farm in Salinas, California.(9) That seems unusual. The national average farm size is around 440 acres, but his is only one acre.
现在有许多关于里奥桑切斯和他在加州萨利纳斯农场的新闻。

他的农场很特殊。

全国农场平均面积为440公顷，而他的只有一公顷。

The average age of farmers hovers around 58 years old, but he is just 26. And Sanchez constantly attempts to improve everything from seeding techniques out in the field to the promotion and sale of his produce online. This is evidence of an experimental approach. It's an approach not dictated by the confines of conventional large scale agriculture lead by international corporations. While farming is often difficult for both the body and mind,(10) Sanchez says he and many of his fellow young farmers are motivated by desire to set a new standard for agriculture.
农民平均年纪在58岁左右，但他只有26岁。

桑切斯一直尝试各方面提升，从播种技术到产品线上推广销售。

他的经验方法就是很好的证据。

他的方法不局限在由跨国企业引领的传统大面积农业模式里。

农场工作费心费力，但是桑切斯说他和其他的年轻农民们渴望建立一套新的农业标准。

Many of them are employing a multitude of technologies, some new and some not so new.(11) Recently, Sanchez bought a hand-operated tool which pulls out weeds and loosen soil.It actually dates back to at least 1701. It stands in sharp contrast to Sanchez’s other gadget, a gas-powered flame weed killer, invented in 1997. He simply doesn't discriminate when it comes to the newness of tools. If it works, it works. Farmers have a long history of invention and is no different today. Young farmers are guided by their love for agriculture and aided by their knowledge of technology to find inexpensive and appropriately sized tools. They collaborate and innovate. Sometimes the old stuff just works better or more efficiently.
他们中的许多人正在使用许多技术，有新技术也有老技术。

最近，桑切斯买了一个手动机器来播种与松土。

这个机器至少发明于1701年。

这与他另一个工
具（发明与1997年的尤其动力火焰除草器）形成鲜明对比。

他对所有新奇的工具一视同仁。

黑猫白猫，抓到老鼠就是好猫。

农民们一贯善于发明创造，现在也是如此。

年轻的农民们跟随对于农业的热爱，获得技术的支持，寻找经济适合的工具。

他们合作创新，时不时地让有年头的工具更高效地工作。

Question 9. What do we learn about Leo Sanchez's farm? 关于Leo的农场，我们知道什么？
- It is small and unconventional. 小且非常规。

Question 10. What has motivated Leo Sanchez and his fellow young farmers to engage in farming? 什么激励着Leo和其他年轻的农民从事农业工作？
- Their wish to set a new farming standard. 他们希望建立一个新的农业标准。

Question 11. Why did Leo Sanchez buy a hand operated weeding tool? 为什么Leo购买了一个手动的播种器？
- It loosens soil while weeding. 可以同时播种和松土。

Passage 2
(12) Eat Grub is Britain's first new food company that breaks western food boundaries by introducing edible insects as a new source of food.
“吃虫子”是英国第一个通过将可使用的昆虫作为食物打破了西方饮食边界的食品公司。

And Sainz Breeze is the first UK supermarket to stock the company's crunchy roasted crickets. Sainz Breeze insist that such food is no joke and could be a new, sustainable source of protein. Out of curiosity, I paid a visit to Sainz Breeze as I put my hand into a packet of crickets with their tiny eyes and legs. The idea of one going in my mouth made me feel a little sick.(13) But the first bite was a pleasant surprise, a little dry and lacking of taste, but at least a wing didn't get stuck in my throat.
圣微风是第一家进该公司脆烤虫子的英国超市。

该超市认为这一类型的食物不是一个笑话，而是一种新的可持续的蛋白质来源。

出于好奇，我去了该超市，抓了一包蟋蟀，有眼有腿的那种。

光是想着我要把这种东西放进嘴里就让我觉得有些恶心。

但是第一口的感觉还挺意外，有些干，没啥味儿，但是至少它的翅膀不会扎到我的喉咙。

The roasted seasoning largely overpowered any other flavour, although there was slightly bitter after taste. The texture is crunchy, but smelt a little of cab food. Eat Grub also recommends the crickets as a topping for noodles, soups and salads. (14) The company boasts that its dried crickets contain more protein than beef, chicken, and pork, as well as minerals like iron and calcium.Unlike the production of meat, bugs do not use up large amounts of land, water or feed.(15) And insect farming also produces far fewer greenhouse gases.
其中的烘烤的配料很大程度上压倒了其他的味道，虽然尝了之后会有一些苦。

口感是脆的，但是闻着有些像计程车食物。

吃虫子公司也建议将蟋蟀作为面食，汤食和萨拉的配料。

该公司称这种榨干了的蟋蟀含有比牛肉，鸡肉和猪肉更多的蛋白质，同时铁和钙等元素也更多。

与肉类产品不同，虫子的饲养不需
要太多的土地，水和饲料。

昆虫养殖所产生的温室气体也少的多。

However, despite two billion people worldwide already supplementing their diet with insects, consumer disgust remains a large barrier in many western countries. I'm not sure bugs will become a popular snack anytime soon, but they're definitely food for thought.
但是，虽然世界上两百万人已经将昆虫作为饮食的一部分，西方国家消费者的反感依旧是这种食物推广的一大障碍。

我不确定虫子是否会很快成为受欢迎的小吃，但是它们一定会被人们关注。

Question 12. What do we learn from the passage about the food company Eat Grub? 关于吃虫子食品公司，我们知道了什么？
- It has turned certain insects into a new food source. 它将一些昆虫作为新的事物来源。

Question 13. What does the speaker say about his first bite a roasted crickets? 说话者如何评论第一口吃烤蟋蟀的感受？
- It was a pleasant surprise. 感觉不错。

Question 14. What does Eat Grub say about the dried crickets? 吃虫子公司如何评论干蟋蟀？
- They contain more protein than conventional meats. 他们比常规的肉类含有更多的蛋白质。

Question 15. What does the passage say about insect farming? 这篇短文如何评论昆虫养殖业？
- It is environmentally friendly. 环境友好型。

Recording 1
Have you ever had someone try to explain something to you a dozen times with no luck? But then when you see a picture, the idea finally clicks. If that sounds familiar, maybe you might consider yourself a visual learner. Or if reading or listening does a trick, maybe you feel like you're a verbal learner. We call these labels learning styles. But is there really a way to categorize different types of students? It actually seems that multiple presentation formats, especially if one of them is visual, help most people learn. When psychologists and educators test for learning styles,(16) they're trying to figure out whether these are inherent traits that affect how well students learn instead of just a preference.
你是否有让人给你对某件事情解释了几十遍但是却不明白，但是当你看到一幅图片就豁然开朗？如果觉得似曾相识，那么你可能认为你自己是一个视觉学习者。

如果你觉得朗读或者倾听有效果，你会认为你是一个听觉学习者。

我们把这些标签成为学习类型。

但是是否有一个方法可以将不同的学生进行分类？似乎多种呈现模式（特别是其中有视觉型呈现模式）有助于大多数人学习。

当心理学家和教育者在尝试不同学习风格时，它们在试图弄清楚这些类型是否是影响学生学习的固有属性，而不仅仅是一种偏好。

Usually they start by giving a survey to figure out what style a student favors, like visual or verbal learning. Then they try to teach the students something with a specific presentation style, like using visual AIDS, and do a follow up test to see how much they learned. That way, the researchers can see if the self-identified verbal learners really learned better when the information was just spoken aloud, for example. (17) But according to a 2008 review, only one study that followed this design found that students actually learned best with their preferred style.
通常他们会通过调查了解学生喜欢的风格（例如视觉型或声音型）。

之后他们试图使用一种具体的模式来教学（例如使用视觉辅助），之后通过课后测验来了解学生的学习情况。

通过这一方式，研究者可以了解例如自认为是声音型的学习者是否在仅有声音信息的情况下学得更好。

但是根据2008年的一个调查，仅
仅只有一项研究支持这一设想，发现学生在自己喜欢的学习风格下学得最好。

But the study had some big flaws. The researchers excluded 2/3 of the original participants, because they didn't seem to have any clear learning style from the survey at the beginning. And they didn't even report the actual test scores in the final paper. So it doesn't really seem like learning styles are an inherited trait that we all have. But that doesn't mean that all students will do amazingly, if they just spend all their time reading from a textbook. Instead, most people seem to learn better if they're taught in several ways, especially if one is visual.
但是这项研究有一些大的漏洞。

研究者排除了三分之二的最初的参与者，因为在研究伊始他们没有喜欢的学习风格。

同时他们最后的论文中没有报告学生的实际检测结果。

所以学习风格不太像是我们固有的属性。

但是这不意味着当学生将时间都花在学习教科书时他们就能学的好。

相反，大部分学生在多种模式教学下学得更好，特别是其中有视觉型教学时更是如此。

In one study, researchers tested whether students remembered lists of words better if they heard them, saw them or both. Everyone seemed to do better, if they got to see the words in print, even the self-identified auditory learners. Their preference didn't seem to matter. Similar studies tested whether students learned basic physics and chemistry concepts better by reading plain text or viewing pictures, and (18) everyone did better with the help of pictures.
在一项研究中，调查者测试学生们分别在听到，看到和同时听和看到一组单词时，哪一种模式记单词效果最好。

几乎所有人当看到单词时，记单词效果最好，即使是自认为听觉型学习者也不例外。

他们自己的学习风格偏好似乎不太重要。

相似的另一个研究检测学生在学习基础物理和化学概念时，看到纯文字材料和有图片的材料哪一种学习效果更佳唉，所有学生在有图片辅助时效果最好。

Question 16. Why do psychologists and educators study learning styles? 为
什么心理学家和教育者要研究学习风格？
- To see if they are inherent traits affecting learning. 去了解这是不是固有
的可以影响学习的特性。

Question 17. What does the speaker say about one study mentioned in the 2008 review? 说话者如何评论2008年调查所提到的一项研究？
- It was defective. 该研究有缺陷。

Question 18. What message does the speaker want to convey about learning at the end of the talk? 最后，说话者想传递什么关于学习的信息？
- Scientific concepts are hard to understand without visual aids. 如果没有视觉辅助，人们很难理解科学的概念。

Recording 2
(19) Free market capitalism hasn't freed us.It has trapped us. It's imperative for us to embrace a workplace revolution. We're unlikely to spend our last moments regretting that we didn't spend enough of our lives slaving away at work. We may instead find ourselves feeling guilty about the time we didn't spend watching our children grow or with our loved ones, or travelling or on the cultural or leisure suits that bring us happiness.
自由市场资本主义没有解放我们，反而是限制了我们。

我们要进行一次办公室革命。

在临终时，我们不太可能会后悔没有投入更多的时间去工作，相反，我们会为我们没有花足够的时间看着孩子长大，陪伴爱人，旅游或娱乐而感到内疚。

Unfortunately, the average full-time employee in the world works 42 hours a week, well over a 3rd of the time we're awake. Some of our all too precious time is being stolen. Office workers do around 2 billion hours of unpaid overtime each year. So it's extremely welcome that some government coalitions have started looking into potentially cutting the working week to four days. The champions of free market capitalism promised their way of life would bring us freedom, but it wasn't freedom at all. From the lack of secure, affordable housing to growing job insecurity and rising personal debt, the individual is trapped.
不幸的是，全世界的全职工作者平均每周工作42小时，大大超过了我们清醒时间中的三分之一。

我们一些最珍贵的时光正在被偷走。

办公室的工作者每年有二十亿小时在无偿地加班。

所以我们欢迎一些政府组织已经开始思考要将一周改成4天工作制。

自由市场资本主义承诺将会给我们带来自由的生活方式，但是却完全没有实现。

无论是缺乏安全可支付的住房，还是不断上升的对于失业的担忧，亦或是不断上涨的个人债务，每个个体都深陷其中。

Nine decades ago,(20) leading economists predicted that technological advances and rising productivity would mean that would be working a 15-hour week by now. That target has been somewhat missed. Here is the most malignant threat to our personal freedom, particularly as the balance of power
in the workplace has been shifted so dramatically from worker to boss. A huge portion of our lives involves the surrender of our freedom and personal autonomy. It's time in which we are directed by the needs and desires of others, and deny the right to make our own choices.
九十年前，主要的经济学家预测科技进步和生产率的提高意味着现在我们每周仅需工作15小时。

这一目标没有实现。

现在个人的自由面临着最大的威胁，
办公室的权力平衡已经严重向老板们倾斜。

我们生活中牺牲了太多的自由和个人自主。

这个时代，我们被别人的要求所支配，放弃自己做决定的权力。

It's hardly surprising that(21) over half a million workers suffer from work-related mental health conditions each year. All that 15.4 million working days were lost to work-related stress last year, a jump of nearly a quarter. Yes,
they're all those who, far from being overworked, actually seek more hours. But a shorter working week would enable us to redistribute hours from the overworked to the under-worked. We need to look at ways of cutting the working week without slashing living standards.
每年由超过50万人患有与工作相关的心理疾病，这不足为奇。

去年，1540万工作日因为工作压力而失去，上涨了将近1/4。

是的，他们并没有过度工作，他们渴望有更多的时间。

但是一个更短的工作周可能会让我们重新分配时间，从过度工作转换成偷懒怠工。

所以我们需要在减少工作时长时确保我们不会使我们的生活标准受到影响。

After all, world’s workers have already suffered the worst deduction in wages since the early 1800s. And cutting the working week would be conducive to the individual, giving millions of workers more time to spend as they see fit.
毕竟，全世界的工作者自19世纪初期已经遭受着最严重的减薪情况。

减少一
周工作时间可以有利于个人，让成千上万的工作者有更多的时间自行安排。

Question 19. What do people often feel guilty about according to the speaker? 人们对于什么事情经常感到内疚？
- Not spending enough time on family life and leisure. 没有足够的时间陪
伴家人和休闲。

Question 20. What did leading economists predict 90 years ago? 90年前经济学家的预测是什么？
- People would be working only fifteen hours a week now. 现在的人们每周只需要工作15小时。

Question 21. What is the result of denying workers' right to make their own choices? 拒绝人们自己做决定的权利的结果是什么？
- Deterioration of workers’ mental health. 损害心理健康。

Recording 3
Today I'm going to talk about Germany's dream airport in Berlin. The airport looks exactly like every other major modern airport in Europe, except for one big problem. More than seven years after it was originally supposed to open, it still stands empty. Germany is known for its efficiency and refined engineering, but when it comes to its new ghost airport, this reputation could not be further from the truth. Plagued by long delays, perpetual mismanagement, and ever-saw rising costs, (22) the airport has become something of a joke among Germans and a source of frustration for local politicians, business leaders and residents alike.
今天我将谈谈位于柏林的德国梦幻机场。

这个机场与欧洲其他主要城市的现代机场看上去一模一样，但是它有一个大问题。

自最初计划运行时间已经过去了七年多了，该机场仍旧空空如也。

德国因其工作效率和先进的工程技术而闻名。

但是当谈及到这一空机场时，他的这一名声难免名不副实。

受到长时间延期，管理不善，与不断上升的花销的影响，该机场已经成为德国人调侃的对象和本地政治家、企业家和居民们的失望来源。

Planning for the new airport began in 1989. At the time, it became clear
that(23) the newly reunified Berlin would need a modern airport with far greater capacity than its existing airports.The city broke ground on the new airport in 2006. The first major sign of problems came in summer 2010, when the construction corporation pushed the opening from October 2011 to June 2012. In 2012, the city planned opening ceremony. But less than a month before hand, inspectors found significant problems with the fire safety system and pushed the opening back again to 2013.
对于这一机场的设计起始于1989年。

当时，人们清晰地认识到一个新的统一的柏林需要一个运载能力比现有机场大得多的现代机场。

2006年，这一机场破土动工。

2010年夏天，第一个大问题出现了，机场建设单位将原定于2011年10月的运行时间推迟至2012年6月。

在2012年，柏林筹备机场的开幕典礼。

但是在不到一个月的时候，检查人员发现该机场消防系统的重大问题，又将时间推迟至2013年。

It wasn't just the smoke system.(24) Many other major problems subsequently emerged.More than 90 meters of cable were incorrectly installed. 4000 doors were wrongly numbered. Escalators were too short. There was a shortage of check-in desks. Why were so many problems discovered? Didn't the airport corporation decide to give up on the project and start over? The reason is simple. People are often hesitant to terminate a project when they've already invested time or resources into it, even if it might make logical sense to do so.
不仅仅是消防系统，其他的大问题也随之浮出水面。

超过90米的线缆被错误放置。

4000扇门编号错误。

手扶电梯长度不足。

柜台数量不足。

为什么会有这么多问题呢？机场是否决定放弃该项目要推倒重来？原因很简单。

人们在已经投入时间和资源在一件事儿上时，会在结束该项目时感到犹豫，其实这么做是符合逻辑的。

The longer the delays continued, the more problems inspectors found. Leadership of the planning corporation has changed hands nearly as many times as the opening date has been pushed back. Initially. Rather than appointing a general contractor to run the project, the corporation decided to manage it themselves, despite lack of experience with an undertaking of that scale. To compound the delays, (25) the unused airport is resulting in massive costs. Every month it remains unopened costs between nine and 10 million euros.Assuming all goes well, the airport should open in October 2020, but the still empty airport stands as the biggest embarrassment to Germany's reputation for efficiency and a continuing drain on city and state resources.
延迟时间越长，被发现的问题也越多。

每当运营时间被延期一次，机场设计公司的管理层就更换一次。

于其伟人一个总包商来运营该项目，公司决定自己来管理，虽然该公司缺乏对这样规模项目的管理经验。

这一系列的延期让这一空置的机场花费了巨资。

每个月花费为九百万到一千万欧元。

假设一切顺利，这一机场将在2020年10月投入运营，但是这一目前空置的机场对于德国高效率的名声而言是最大的尴尬，也是对于市政和国家资源持续的消耗。

Question 22. What does the speaker say about the dream airport in Berlin?
说话者如何评论柏林的梦幻机场？
- It has become something of a joke among Germans. 它已经成为德国人的一个笑柄。

Question 23. Why was there a need for a new airport in Berlin? 为什么要在柏林新建机场？
- The city had just been reunified. 这座城市刚刚统一。

Question 24. Why did Berlin postpone the opening of its dream airport again and again? 为什么柏林一次又一次延迟该机场的开放？
- Problems of different kinds kept popping up. 各种问题层出不穷。

Question 25. What happens while the airport remains unused? 当机场一直未能投入使用，会有什么事情发生？
- Huge maintenance costs accumulate. 巨额管理费不断累加。