English new words 英语词汇学——新词
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New Words
New words
Definition
“Neologisms are newly coined words or words that
are given new meanings to fit new situations and
new needs because of the social, economic, political, cultural, especially scientific and technical changes in the given period in human society.”
gray collar, gold collar; Earthquake➡️moonquake; Marathon➡️ talkthon; Cold war➡️ hot war
By creating completely new words
In general, English new words are formed according to some rules and regulations, but there are also some exceptions. A few new words are coined by users without any foundation. For example: Dweep( annoying guy) Whack(out of fashion) Elixir(drugs of longevity)
Affixation Superman, supermarket, super-rich
By word-formation
Shortening
Clipping& acronyms
Ad, homo, flu, DJ, SARS, PC Compounding White-collar, fat farm, litterbag Blending Brunch, motel, smog, lansign
some specific areas that produce new words
(1) Computing: absolute address artificial intelligence database floppy disc hard ware terminal hacker blog WIFI--Wireless Fidelity (2) Biology: bioactive biochip biodiversity bioremediation bioprospect biopesticide
Main sources: French, Modern Greek, German, Spanish, Chinese, Japanese, Italian
Sumo
Sushi
Kung fu Visa
Autobahn
By analogy
Bird’s eye➡️ worm’s eye; Sunrise➡️moonrise; Spaceman➡️earthman, moonman; Boycott➡️ girlcott; Baby boom➡️baby bust; Nightmare➡️ daymare; White collar➡️blue collar, pink collar,
Rate
Three aspects
New words
Source
Formation
Part 1
The rate of Changes Of the English Vocabulary
14th century French words
16th century Latin
19th century Science & Technology
Gaddiction 由gay和addiction合成，指女生总是爱上那些 长得帅、有才华、了解女人、会照顾人的男 人，结果这些男人都是gay。 Smart foreign nitizens Destinesia 由destination（目的地）和amnesia（遗忘） 合成，到了一个地方，却忘了自己当初为什 么出发。 Ambitchous 由ambition（雄心壮志）和bitch合成，指立 志在婊这项事业上出人头地。 Youniverse 由you和universe（宇宙）合成，指极端自我 中心，觉得全宇宙只有自己最重要。 Cupidity 由Cupid（丘比特）和stupidity（蠢事）合成， 指在爱情中做的傻事。
(3) Women's liberation: businessperson, chairperson newsperson, spokesperson lib, libber womanism women's studies sexism
(4) Education: B-school GPA--grade point average open enrollment flunk (fail in a exam) bear(difficult subject or strict teacher) megaversity hook(the grade of C)
1.Neologism is a mirror of society, which reflects its development and needs, it meets the developing situation. 2.With the increase of international culture exchanges, English learners will have a better understanding of other countries‘ cultures by the research. 3.The study of English neologisms can be used in translation . 4.We must study English neologisms to catch up with the times in order to improve our English abilities
(1) International struggle: ECU--European Currency Unit green revolution interpol--International Criminal Police Organization Third World nonaligned advance men the Dove
Ok, you may think English new words are boring.
However, it’s not.
They are not all cliché .
The significance of studying English neologisms mainly lies in four aspects. Conclusion
Part 2
The Sources of New Words
1.The rapid development of modern science and technology
2.Political, economic and social changes
1
The rapid development of modern science and technology
By adding new meanings to existing words Hawk
Bird➡️ person
Window: Object➡️computer
Dove Pigeon ➡️ person
Mouse: Animal➡️ computer
By borrowing words from other languages
some specific areas that produce new words
(3) The deep space: earthrise地出 lunar module登月车 space station spacecraft space medicine heliosphere quasar (4) Medicine: artemisinin青蒿素 AIDS, AIDS virus antidrug birth control pill Gulf War syndrome mad cow disease photo scanning kick-it centre
bionics, ecophysiology, euphenics media studies, laser printer human cloning, behavior science, information science, Black studies electric-blanket, pressure-cooker
(7) Changes in social and domestic habits: big science databank digital camera disco home theater maxi minibike, minischool VCR--Videocassette Recorder
In the ever-developing society, science and technology are a major source of supplying new words in English. Every time when a new branch of modern science has reached a certain stage of maturity, there is surely going to be an emergency of relevant new words.
2
Politicanternal political struggle: aleism--discrimination against disabled individuals freedom ride lie-in ,peacenik teach-in communications gap credibility gap culture gap
The English language has been described by David Crystal as an “insatiable borrower.”. More than 120 other languages have served as sources for the contemporary vocabulary of English.
(8) Environment: light pollution noise pollution visual pollution white pollution green peace Earth Day
Part 3
The formation of Neologisms
By word-formation By adding new meanings to existing words By borrowing words from other languages By analogy By creating completely new coinages
(5) Soprts and entertainment: aerobic air ball autocross guerrilla theater jet-skiing cinenik jazznik
(6) Communication: air-cushion vehicle bullet train cell phone, mobile phone e-book, e-commerce fax-modem hot link information superhighway telemedicine
New words
Definition
“Neologisms are newly coined words or words that
are given new meanings to fit new situations and
new needs because of the social, economic, political, cultural, especially scientific and technical changes in the given period in human society.”
gray collar, gold collar; Earthquake➡️moonquake; Marathon➡️ talkthon; Cold war➡️ hot war
By creating completely new words
In general, English new words are formed according to some rules and regulations, but there are also some exceptions. A few new words are coined by users without any foundation. For example: Dweep( annoying guy) Whack(out of fashion) Elixir(drugs of longevity)
Affixation Superman, supermarket, super-rich
By word-formation
Shortening
Clipping& acronyms
Ad, homo, flu, DJ, SARS, PC Compounding White-collar, fat farm, litterbag Blending Brunch, motel, smog, lansign
some specific areas that produce new words
(1) Computing: absolute address artificial intelligence database floppy disc hard ware terminal hacker blog WIFI--Wireless Fidelity (2) Biology: bioactive biochip biodiversity bioremediation bioprospect biopesticide
Main sources: French, Modern Greek, German, Spanish, Chinese, Japanese, Italian
Sumo
Sushi
Kung fu Visa
Autobahn
By analogy
Bird’s eye➡️ worm’s eye; Sunrise➡️moonrise; Spaceman➡️earthman, moonman; Boycott➡️ girlcott; Baby boom➡️baby bust; Nightmare➡️ daymare; White collar➡️blue collar, pink collar,
Rate
Three aspects
New words
Source
Formation
Part 1
The rate of Changes Of the English Vocabulary
14th century French words
16th century Latin
19th century Science & Technology
Gaddiction 由gay和addiction合成，指女生总是爱上那些 长得帅、有才华、了解女人、会照顾人的男 人，结果这些男人都是gay。 Smart foreign nitizens Destinesia 由destination（目的地）和amnesia（遗忘） 合成，到了一个地方，却忘了自己当初为什 么出发。 Ambitchous 由ambition（雄心壮志）和bitch合成，指立 志在婊这项事业上出人头地。 Youniverse 由you和universe（宇宙）合成，指极端自我 中心，觉得全宇宙只有自己最重要。 Cupidity 由Cupid（丘比特）和stupidity（蠢事）合成， 指在爱情中做的傻事。
(3) Women's liberation: businessperson, chairperson newsperson, spokesperson lib, libber womanism women's studies sexism
(4) Education: B-school GPA--grade point average open enrollment flunk (fail in a exam) bear(difficult subject or strict teacher) megaversity hook(the grade of C)
1.Neologism is a mirror of society, which reflects its development and needs, it meets the developing situation. 2.With the increase of international culture exchanges, English learners will have a better understanding of other countries‘ cultures by the research. 3.The study of English neologisms can be used in translation . 4.We must study English neologisms to catch up with the times in order to improve our English abilities
(1) International struggle: ECU--European Currency Unit green revolution interpol--International Criminal Police Organization Third World nonaligned advance men the Dove
Ok, you may think English new words are boring.
However, it’s not.
They are not all cliché .
The significance of studying English neologisms mainly lies in four aspects. Conclusion
Part 2
The Sources of New Words
1.The rapid development of modern science and technology
2.Political, economic and social changes
1
The rapid development of modern science and technology
By adding new meanings to existing words Hawk
Bird➡️ person
Window: Object➡️computer
Dove Pigeon ➡️ person
Mouse: Animal➡️ computer
By borrowing words from other languages
some specific areas that produce new words
(3) The deep space: earthrise地出 lunar module登月车 space station spacecraft space medicine heliosphere quasar (4) Medicine: artemisinin青蒿素 AIDS, AIDS virus antidrug birth control pill Gulf War syndrome mad cow disease photo scanning kick-it centre
bionics, ecophysiology, euphenics media studies, laser printer human cloning, behavior science, information science, Black studies electric-blanket, pressure-cooker
(7) Changes in social and domestic habits: big science databank digital camera disco home theater maxi minibike, minischool VCR--Videocassette Recorder
In the ever-developing society, science and technology are a major source of supplying new words in English. Every time when a new branch of modern science has reached a certain stage of maturity, there is surely going to be an emergency of relevant new words.
2
Politicanternal political struggle: aleism--discrimination against disabled individuals freedom ride lie-in ,peacenik teach-in communications gap credibility gap culture gap
The English language has been described by David Crystal as an “insatiable borrower.”. More than 120 other languages have served as sources for the contemporary vocabulary of English.
(8) Environment: light pollution noise pollution visual pollution white pollution green peace Earth Day
Part 3
The formation of Neologisms
By word-formation By adding new meanings to existing words By borrowing words from other languages By analogy By creating completely new coinages
(5) Soprts and entertainment: aerobic air ball autocross guerrilla theater jet-skiing cinenik jazznik
(6) Communication: air-cushion vehicle bullet train cell phone, mobile phone e-book, e-commerce fax-modem hot link information superhighway telemedicine