Lesson 4 Love is a Fallacy PPT

2. Logical Fallacy
Fallacies are divided into eight groups: 1.Dicto Simpliciter (绝对判断)(Para. 66) 2. Hasty Generalization (草率结论)(Para. 72) 3. Post Hoc (牵强附会) )(Para.77) 4. Contradictory Premises (矛盾前提）（Para.83） 5. Ad Misericordiam(文不对题)（Para.96） 6. False Analogy (错误类比) 7.Hypothesis Contrary to Facts(与事实相反的假设）
Unit 5 Love is Fallacy
--- By Max Shulman
Aims
1. To have a basic knowledge of the terms in logic. 2. To appreciate the humor in the story. 3. To analyze the structure of the story 4. To appreciate the language
with an assumption that is false. Not "everyone" wants to get married.
Hasty Generalization（草率结论）
"Mr Wang's handwriting is terrible. Mr. Hu's handwriting is also terrible and you know how terrible men's handwriting is ."
--- The analogy is false because the two items don't have strong enough similarities to predict that what happens in one will happen in the other.
Ad misericordian (an appeal to pity) (文不 对题)
II Background Knowledge
1. Max Shulman (March 14, 1919–August 28, 1988) a writer in the early '40s as one of America’s best-known humorists. Lots of his novels were adapted to the screen.
Thomas Carlyle ( 1795-1881)
He produced Sartor Resartus (裁缝）1833-34, the book in which he first developed his characteristic style and thought. This book is a veiled Sardonic (scornful 挖苦的) attack upon the shams(欺骗） and pretences of society, upon hollow rank, hollow officialism, hollow custom, out of which life and usefulness have departed.
support of some thesis or conclusion. An argument has two components: a conclusion, the thesis argued for; and certain premises（前提）, the considerations adduced（引用） on behalf of the conclusion.
“After this, therefore because of this"
"The last five times that I've worn my white pants, something depressing has happened. I'm not going to wear those pants again!"
"Look at this fourteen-year-old child who's run away from home to hide her shame-- pregnant, unwashed, friendless. penniless, at the mercy of our social service agencies. Can you till claim that sex should be taught in the classroom?"
Modern Painters The Stones of Venice The Seven Lamps of Architecture Time and Tide
John Ruskin -- (1819-1900)
Positive program for social reforms:
Teaching Contents
1. Special terms in logic 2. Detailed study of the text 3. Organizational pattern 4. The chief attraction of the story
5. Language features 6. Exercises
Time allocation
1. Terms in logic (15 min.) 2. Detailed study of the text (210 min.) 3. Structure analysis (15 min.) 4. Language appreciation (15 min.) 5. Exercise (25 min.)
1. Max Shulman
.Best remembered for creating the popular character Dobie Gillis, a typical American teen who frequently suffered from romantic angst(担忧）. The character appeared on a popular television sitcom （situation comedy) during the '50s and was in a feature film in 1953.
"Tales from Shakespeare" "Specimens of English Dramatic Poets"
Thomas Carlyle ( 1795-1881)
English author, Scottish writer He influenced social thinking about the new industrial working class through his essay "Chartism" and his book “The Present and the Past”. He is best known for his epic history of “The French Revolution”( 1837 )and his lectures “On Heroes and Hero-Workshop” (1841)
Sesame and Lilies （芝麻和百合） The Crown of Wild Olive The King of the Golden River
Background Knowledge
2. Logical Fallacy An argument in logic presents evidence in
John Ruskin -- (1819-1900)
English critic and social theorist a writer on art and architecture In his later writings he attacked social and economic problems
The text is from The Many Loves of Dobie Gillies which was a popular TV play.
The Many Loves of Dobie Gillies
The Many Loves of Dobie Gillies
Charles Lamb (1775-1834)
Thomas Carlyle ( 1795-1881)
Carlyle developed a peculiar style of his own which was called --- “Carlyese” “Carlylism”卡莱尔风格
Style -- a compound of
biblical phrases colloquialisms Teutonic （条顿的，日尔曼的）twists his own coining arranged in unexpected sequences.
-- This fallacy assumes that if event Y happened after event X, then X must be the cause of Y.
False Analogy（错误类比）
"High school should not require a freshman writing course . Harvard doesn't require a freshman writing course, and the students get along fine without it".
English essayist and critic who is now best known for his "Essays of Elia" (1823,1833). He collaborated with his sister Mary in adapting Shakespeare's plays into stories for children.
2. Logical Fallacy
The conclusion is said to be drawn, or inferred, from the premises. An argument is deductively valid（演绎的有效性usive evidence for the conclusion. An argument that fails to be conclusively deduced is invalid; it is said to be fallacious.
--- It applies a special case to general rule. That fact that certain person's handwriting is bad doesn't imply that all men‘s handwriting is bad.
Post hoc, ergo propter hoc –（牵强附 会）
（Para.103） 8. Poisoning the Well (井下放毒)(Para. 112)
Dicta Simpliciter（绝对判断）
"Everyone wants to get married someday." --- The example starts a logical train of thought