阅读讲义

考研基础阅读

句子结构

•

•

•

简单句

简单句的五种基本结构

●Optimism is not a luxury; it is a necessity.

●Self-confidence matters. >be important/be + of + importance

●(Real) heroes can inspire the (young) generation.

young generation>young people/persons

●Hard work won him respect and honor.

●The (unchecked) growth (of the tourism) may render the environment seriously polluted.

he is respect and honor.

the environment is seriously polluted.

并列句

•两个或以上独立分句

•并列连词

•各分句主谓完整

•各分句意思同等重要，互相独立

•主要连词：

•and，or，but，yet

2000年Text1

•A history (of (long and effortless) success) can be a (dreadful) handicap, but, if properly handled, it may become a driving force.

useless

阅读理解八大考点之一：代词指代

复合句

•一个主句和一个或多个从句

•主句表达主要意思

•从句表达次要意思

三大从句

•

•

•

名词性从句

名词从句引导词对应

的简

单句

类型引导词是否作成分引导词是否

可以省略

连词that 对应

于陈

述句不作成分，无实际含义在不影响句

子意思的情

况下，宾语从

句的that可

以省略

连词whether\if 对应

于一

般疑

问句不作成分，有“是否”得含义不能省去，因

为有“是否”

的含义

连接副词when,where,

why,how

连接代词who,whom,what, which,

whose 对应

与特

殊疑

问句

When,where, why,how在从句中作状语；

who,whom,what作主语、宾语、表语；which

和whose作定语，后接名词

不能省去，因

为既作“成

分”又有“实

际含义”

一、主语从句

●that引导的主语从句

●whether引导的主语从句

●特殊疑问词引导的主语从句

that引导的主语从句

•(That the plates are moving) is now beyond dispute. （1998年Text5）

阅读理解八大考点之二：否定

It is now beyond dispute (that the plates are moving)

It is now beyond dispute t hat…

•(That the seas are being overfished) has been known for years. （2006年Text3）

It has been known for years (that the seas are being overfished)

It has been known for years t hat…

常见的主语从句的类型

•1. It is +形容词+that 从句

•It is obvious/necessary/likely/fortunate/true that…

•It is true (that English is becoming an international language).

2000年翻译

•Furthermore(what‟s more/ moreover), it is obvious [that the strength (of a country‟s economy) is directly bound up with the efficiency (of its agriculture and industry)].

bind

be related to/be connected with/be bound up with

Self-confidence is directly bound up with our mindset and strength.

•2. It is +过去分词+that 从句

•It is believed that(人们认为…)

•It is generally thought that （人们普遍认为…）

中英文六大差异之一：中文多主动，英文多被动

1995年考研完形

•For example, it has long been known （that total sleep …deprivation is 100 percent fatal to rats）.

de‟prive sb. of sth.

fate

1992年翻译

•But it is generally agreed [that a person (of high intelligence) is one (who can grasp ideas readily, make distinctions, reason logically, and make use of verbal and mathematical symbols in solving problems)].

中英文的六大差异之二：中文重要信息多在后，英文重要信息多在前

CIA

different<distinct

•3. It is +名词短语+that

•It is a fact that…

•It is common knowledge/sense that

•It is my belief/thought/idea/view/opinion/point that…>I believe that…

•It is common knowledge that a whale is not a fish.

•It is a truth (universally acknowledged), [that a (single) man (in possession of a good fortune), must be in want of a wife]. (Pride and Prejudice)

have<own<possess<be in possession of

a good fortune>a lot of money

want/would like<be in want of

whether引导的主语从句

•(Whether the eyes are “the windows of the soul ” )is debatable; (that they are intensely important in interpersonal communication) is a fact.

internet

international

very<intensely, highly, hugely, extremely, enormously

2005年Text1

•However, (whether such a sense of fairness evolved independently in capuchins and humans), or [whether it stems from the (common) ancestor (that the species had 35 million years ago)], is, as yet, an unanswered question.

come from<stem from, derive from

a sense of humor

a sense of responsibility

involve

evolve evolution

revolve revolution

volve, vol, volt

in

e,ex