专题32 2017高考语法填空真题 (思维导图+高考真题+变式训练)(解析版)

专题32 2017高考语法填空真题(思维导图+高考真题+变式训练) 解析版【语法填空题思维导图】
【语法填空题真题再现一】
2017年全国卷I
第二节语法填空(共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

There has been a recent trend in the food service industry toward lower fat content and less salt. This trend, which was started by the medical community (医学界) 61 a method of fighting heart disease, has had some unintended side 62 (effect) such as overweight and heart disease --the very thing the medical community was trying to fight.
Fat and salt are very important parts of a diet. They are required 63 (process) the food that we eat, to recover from injury and for several other bodily functions. When fat and salt 64 (remove) from food, the food tastes as if missing something. As 65 result, people will eat more food to try to make up for that something missing. Even 66 (bad), the amount of fast food that people eat goes up. Fast food 67 (be) full of fat and salt; by 68 (eat) more fast food people will get more salt and fat than they need in their diet.
Having enough fat and salt in your meals will reduce the urge to snack (吃点心) between meals and will improve the taste of your food. However, be 69 (care) not to go to extremes. Like anything, it is possible to have too much of both, 70 is not good for the health.
【参考答案】
61. as 62. effects 63. to process 64. are removed 65. a 66. worse 67. is 68. eating 69. careful 70. which
【解题导语】
食品服务业最近出现了一种趋势，即脂肪含量降低，盐含量减少。

这一趋势是由医学界一种对抗心脏病的方法引起的，它有一些意想不到的副作用，如超重和心脏病----这正是医学界正在努力解决的问题。

【完整解析】
61. as。

考查介词。

句意：这一趋势最初始于医学界作为一种对抗心脏病的方法。

as表示“作为，以…身份”，故填as。

62. effects。

考查单复数用法。

分析语境可知作者表达的意思是“一些不为人知的副作用”，根据前文的some可知“side effect＇”(副作用)有很多，故填effects。

63. to process。

考查不定式。

句意：他们被要求加工食物…。

require表示“要求”，require sb to do sth.表示“要求某人做某事”，被动形式为“be required to do sth.”(某人被要求做某事)。

故填to process。

64. are removed。

考查被动语态。

句意：当脂肪和盐分从食物中被去掉…。

分析可知fat，sat和remove.之间是被动关系，脂肪和盐分是两种东西，且是被人们去掉，所以用被动语态。

故填are removed。

65. a考查冠词。

固定短语as a result表示“结果”。

句意：结果，人们将吃更多的食物去弥补损失的东西。

故填a。

66. worse。

考查比较级。

句意：更糟糕的是，人们所吃快餐的数量增加了。

故填worse。

67. is。

考查主谓一致。

句意：快餐食物中满是脂肪和盐…。

fast food的意思是“快餐”，表示一类食物，为不可数名词，谓语动词用单数形式。

故填is。

68. eating。

考查动名词。

句意：…通过吃更多的快餐，人们将在饮食中摄入超过需求量的脂肪和盐。

根据前文中的by可知此处应该填动名词，所以填eating。

69. careful。

考查形容词。

句意：然而，注意不要走极端。

分析语境可知be后面应该用形容词作表语，故填careful。

70. which。

考查非限制性定语从句。

句意：…很可能摄入过多的脂肪和盐，那对健康没有好处。

分析可知which is not good for the health为非限制性定语从句，先行词是前面的整句话。

【变式训练】
一、词类转换
1. intended adj→ant
2. injure vt→n
3. remove vt→n
4. care n→adj
5.extreme adj→adv
二、必背短语
1. 副作用
2. 要求某人做某事
3. 从……恢复
4. 结果是
5. 弥补
6. 更糟糕的是
7. 走极端
8. 对……有好处
三、常见含比较级短语
1. at most/ least
2. change for the better/worse
3. do one’s best
4. make the best/most of
5. bring out the best in sb
6. worse still
7. to make matters worse
8. even worse
9. what is worse
10. go from bad to worse 11. be worse off
12. more or less
13. more and more
14. the more, the better
15 more than
16. no more than
17. not more than 17. what’s more
19. still less
20. not in the least
【变式训练答案】一、词类转换
1. intended adj→ant intention
2. injure vt→n injury
3. remove vt→n removal
4. care n→adj careful/careless/caring
5.extreme adj→adv extremely
二、必背短语
1. 副作用side effects
2. 要求某人做某事require sb to do sth
3. 从……恢复recover from
4. 结果是as a result/consequence
5. 弥补make up for/compensate for
6. 更糟糕的是even worse/to be worse/to make matters worse
7. 走极端go to extremes
8. 对……有好处be good for …
三、常见含比较级短语
1. at most/ least 至多至少
2. change for the better/worse 越来越好越来越坏
3. do one’s best 尽力做
4. make the best/most of 充分利用
5. bring out the best in sb 把最好的一面呈现出来
6. worse still 更糟糕的是
7. to make matters worse 更糟糕的是
8. even worse 更糟糕的是
9. what is worse 更糟糕的是
10. go from bad to worse 愈来愈糟
11. be worse off 贫穷
12. more or less 或多或少
13. more and more 越来越多
14. the more, the better 越多越好
15 more than 多于；超过；不仅仅
16. no more than 只有
17. not more than 不超过最多
17. what’s more 而且
19. still less 更不用说
20. not in the least 一点也不
【语法填空题真题再现二】
2017年全国卷II
In 1863 the first underground passenger railway in the world opened in London. It ran for just under seven kilometers and allowed people to avoid terrible 61 (crowd) on the roads above as they travelled to and 62 work. It took three years to complete and was built using an interesting method. This included digging up the road, 63 (lay) the track and then building a strong roof over 64 top. When all those had been done, the road surface was replaced.
Steam engines 65 (use) to pull the carriages and it must have been 66 (fair) unpleasant for the passengers, with all the smoke and noise. However, the railway quickly proved to be a great success and within six months, more than 25,000 people were using 67 every day.
Later, engineers 68 (manage) to construct railways in a system of deep tunnels (隧道), which became known to the tube. This development was only possible with the 69 (introduce) of electric-powered engines and lifts. The central London Railway was one of the most 70 (success) of these new lines, and was opened in 1900. It had white-painted tunnels and bright red carriages, and proved extremely popular with the public.
【参考答案】crowd
61. crowds 62. from 63. laying 64. the 65. were used 66. fairly 67. it 68. managed 69. introduction 70. successful 【解题导语】
本文介绍了伦敦地铁的发展过程和速度，伦敦地铁从1863年开始到1900年已经发展的很成功．
【完整解析】
61. crowds。

考查名词. 根据句意：它跑了不到七公里，让人们避开在上面的道路上可怕的人群. crowd 名词人群，道路是拥挤的人群用复数形式crowds。

62. from。

考查固定短语. to and from是英语的固定搭配"从某地来回"根据句意：当他们往来时. 所以答案填from.
63. laying。

考查非谓语. 分析句子可知digging，building与lay是include并列的宾语，所以用动词的ing形式。

64. the。

考查冠词. 本句是介绍地铁的建筑方法，最后封顶特指地铁的顶部，所以用定冠词the。

65. were used。

考查被动语态. 根据句意：蒸汽发动机被运用，主语是steam engines，所以用被动语态，were used.
66. fairly。

考查副词. 根据句意：对于顾客来说那一定是相当愉快的. 此处用副词fairly修饰形容词unpleasant。

67. it。

考查代词. 本句中用it来指代改进的这个地铁，多于25，000 的人们每天都用地铁. 所以答案填it。

68. managed。

考查时态. 句意：后来，工程师们设法在深隧道系统中修建铁路. 后文which became known as the tube 用的是一般过去时. 根据前后时态一致的原则也要用过去时。

69. introduction。

考查名词. 根据句意：只有电动发动机和升降机的引入，才有可能实现这一发展. introduction名词"引进，采用"。

70. successful。

考查形容词. 根据句意：伦敦中部铁路是这些线路中最成功的一条. most后跟形容词组成形容词的最高级，most successful 是"最成功的"，所以答案填successful。

【变式训练】
一、词类转换
y vt→pp
2.construct vt→n
3.introduce vt→n
4.crowd vt→adj
5.success n→adj
二、必背短语
1.乘车上下班
2.过去常常做某事
3.习惯于做某事
4.被用来做某事
5.设法做到某事
6.深受……欢迎
三、单句填空
1. I’m sorry I _________ to you yesterday.
2. Don’t trust him. Obviously he _________.
3. The small town _________ among the mountains.
4. He finally admitted that he _________to his mother.
5. The next morning she found the man _______ in bed, dead.
6. The girl _________ on the ground _________ to me that had _________ the purse on the desk.
7. Human beings are used to ___________(live) in the day light.
8. The wood can be used______________(make) desks and chairs.
9. 中国今非昔比。

翻译
【变式训练答案】
一、词类转换
y vt→pp laid
2.construct vt→n construction
3.introduce vt→n introduction
4.crowd vt→adj crowded
5.success n→adj successful
二、必背短语
1.乘车上下班travel to and from work
2.过去常常做某事used to do
3.习惯于做某事be used to doing
4.被用来做某事be used to do
5.设法做到某事manage to do
6.深受……欢迎be popular with
三、单句填空
1.lied
2.is lying
3.lies
4.had lied
5.lying
6.lying, lied, laid
7. living
8.to make
9.China is no longer what it used to be.
【语法填空题真题再现三】
2017年全国卷III
第二节(共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

She looks like any other schoolgirl, fresh-faced and full of life. Sarah Thomas is looking forward to challenge of her new A-level course. But unlike school friends, 16-year-old Sarah is not spending half-term 61 (rest). Instead, she is earning $6500 a day as 62 model in New York.
Sarah 63 (tell) that she could be Britain’s new supermodel earning a million dollars in the new year. Her father Peter44,want her to give up school to model fulltime But Sarah, 64 has taken part in shows along with top models wants 65 (prove) that she has brains as well as beauty. She is determined to carry on with her 66 (educate).
She has turned down several 67 (invitation) to star at shows in order to concentrate on her studies. After school she plans to take a year off to model full time before going to university to get a degree 68 engineering or architecture.
Sarah says, "My dad thinks I should take the offer now. But at the moment, school 69 (come) first. I don't want to get too absorbed in modeling. It is 70 (certain) fun but the lifestyle is a little unreal. I don't want to have nothing else to fall back on when I can't model my more."
【参考答案】
61. resting 62. a 63. has been told / was told 64. who 65. to prove 66. education 67. invitations 68. in 69. comes 70. certainly
【解题导语】
本文主要介绍Sarah是一名在校生，她还是一名兼职模特．她父亲建议她放弃学业做一名专职模特，但她却做出了不同的选择。

【完整解析】
61. resting。

考查动名词。

spend time/money （in）doing sth. 意为"花费时间（金钱）做某事"，其中in可以省略.
62. a。

考查冠词。

在第一次出现的单数名词model之前应加不定冠词a构成介词短语“as a model (作为一名模特)”。

单数形式前加不定冠词a表示泛指。

63. has been told/was told。

考查动词的时态和语态。

根据语境可判断出谓语动词应该用一般过去时或现在完成时的被动形式，又因主语Sarah是第三人称单数，故填was told/has been told。

64. who。

考查定语从句。

分析句子结构可知这是一个定语从句，先行词Sarah，指人，在从句中作主语要用关系
代词who。

65. to prove。

考查动词不定式。

want to do sth. 意为"想要做某事"，动词不定式作宾语。

66. education。

考查名词。

形容词性物主代词后面应该接名词形式。

67. invitations。

考查名词复数。

invitation是可数名词，其前有several修饰时，要用名词复数形式。

68. in。

考查介词。

in表示"在某方面"，获得某项学位"get a degree in…"。

69. comes。

考查动词时态。

由时间状语“at the moment”可知，此处应该用一般现在时。

70. certainly。

考查副词。

用副词作状语，修饰形容词fun (有趣的)。

【变式训练】
一、词类转换
1.beautiful adj→n
2.invite vt→n
cate vt→n
4.determine vt→adj
二、必背短语
1.盼望做某事
2.花费时间做某事
3.下决心做某事
4.拒绝；调低声音
5.请一年假
6.当前；现在
三、常见省略介词动词短语
1. At school I spend time in the reading club __________(exchange) ideas with other students.
2. Having been ill in bed for nearly a month, he had a hard time___________(pass) the exam.
3. According to a recent survey, children spent up to 25 hours a week ____________(watch) TV.
4. You can’t imagine what a hard time she had _____________(raise) the four children.
5. They had great fun ______________(talk) to each other. There was a lot of laughter.
6. There is no harm _____________ (use) the environmentally friendly products.
7.Thank you for taking great trouble _________(make) my work easier.
【变式训练答案】
一、词类转换
1.beautiful adj→n beauty
2.invite vt→n invitation
cate vt→n education
4.determine vt→adj determined
二、必背短语
1.盼望做某事look forward to doing
2.花费时间做某事spend time in doing
3.下决心做某事be determined to do
4.拒绝；调低声音turn down
5.请一年假take a year off
6.当前；现在at the moment
三、常见省略介词动词短语
1.exchanging
2. passing
3.watching
4.raising
5.talking
ing
7.to make
【语法填空题真题再现四】
2017年浙江卷6月
Last October, while tending her garden in Mora, Sweden, Lena Pahlsson pulled out a handful of small 56 (carrot) and was about to throw them away. But something made her look closer, and she noticed a 57 (shine) object. Yes, there beneath the leafy top of one tiny carrot was her long-lost wedding ring.
Pahlsson screamed 58 loudly that her daughter came running from the house. “she thought I had hurt 59 (I),” says Pahlsson
Sixteen years 60 (early), Pahlsson had removed the diamond ring 61 (cook) a meal. When she wanted to put the ring back on later, it was gone. She suspected that one of her three daughters —then ten, eight, and
six—had picked it up, but the girls said they hadn't. Pahlsson and her husband 62 (search) the kitchen, checking every corner, but turned up nothing. “I gave up hope of finding my ring again," she says. She never replaced it.
Pahlsson and her husband now think the ring probably got 63 (sweep) into a pile of kitchen rubbish and was spread over the garden, 64 it remained until the carrot’s leafy top accidentally sprouted (生长) through it. For Pahlsson, its return was 65 wonder.
【参考答案】
56. carrots 57. shiny/shining 58. so 59. myself 60. earlier 61. to cook 62. searched 63. swept 64. where 65. a
【解题导语】
本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲述Lena Pahlsson在花园里采摘胡萝卜时走到了丢失已久的结婚戒指那种失而复得的心情。

【完整解析】
56. carrots。

本题主要考查名词单复数。

结合前文中的a handful of 可知，是一把胡萝卜，应使用其复数形式。

故正确答案为carrots。

57. shiny/shining。

本题主要考查形容词。

结合文意，她发现了一个发光的物体。

此处应该填形容词，修饰名词object。

故正确答案为shiny/shining。

58. 本题主要考查固定搭配。

so + 形容词或副词+ that ... 引导结果状语从句，意为“如此……以致于……”。

结合句意，Pahlsson 大声尖叫以致于把她女儿都吓跑出房子了。

故正确答案为so。

59. shiny/shining。

本题主要考查反身代词，I 的反身代词是myself。

结合句意，Pahlsson 女士说她女儿以为她伤了自己，当动作的施加者与承受者是同一人时，宾语应使用反身代词。

故正确答案为myself。

60. myself。

本题主要考查形容词比较级。

结合文意，六年前，那是比现在更早的时期。

故正确答案为earlier。

61. to cook。

本题主要考查不定式。

to do 表示一种目的。

结合句意，她把戒指摘掉是为了做饭，这是一种目的。

故正确答案为to cook。

62. searched。

本题主要考查一般过去时。

结合句意，Lena 女士和她丈夫在厨房里找寻戒指，这是多年前发生的事情，动词应使用过去式。

故正确答案为searched。

63. swept。

本题主要考查被动语态。

get done 意为“被..……”。

结合文意，Lena 女士和她丈夫在苦苦找寻无果后，认为戒指可能是被扫进了厨房垃圾中。

故正确答案为swept。

64. where。

本题主要考查定语从句。

where 是关系副词，在从句中作地点状语，其前面有表示地点的先行词garden，类似例句有：The bookshop where I bought this book is not far from here. “我买这本书的那家书店离这儿不远”。

故正确答案为where。

65. a。

本题主要考查不定冠词。

结合句意，对于Lena 女士来说，戒指被找到就是一个奇迹。

wonder 为可数名词单数形式，需用冠词修饰，此处“奇迹”是泛指，不用定冠词，且wonder 不以元音音素开头。

故正确答案为a。

【语法填空题真题再现五】
2017年浙江卷11月
Easy Ways to Build V ocabulary
It's not all that hard to build an advanced and large vocabulary. Like many things in life, it's ___36___ongoing process, and the best part of the process is that there's enough room for improvement, ___37___means you'll just keep getting better and better. Of course you have to work at it. You wouldn't think that a few ___38___ (month) of exercise in your teens would be enough ___39___ the rest of your life, and that's also true for building your vocabulary--you have to keep at it daily, and pretty soon you will find that you have an excellent vocabulary.
One of the ___40___ (effect) ways to build vocabulary is to read good books. You need to ___41___(real) read at least one good book a week, preferably a classic. This isn't as hard as it ___42___ (sound), and it is far better than any other method because you improve your vocabulary while ___43___ (read) an interesting piece of literature. Another nice thing is that you learn both new words and ___44___ (they) use unconsciously, meaning that you will tend to use the words ___45___ (learn) this way in conversations almost automatically.
【参考答案】
36. an 37. which 38. months 39. for 40. most effective 41. really 42. sounds 43. reading 44. their 45. learned/learnt
【解题导语】
本文是一篇说明文。

讲述了轻松积累词汇的几种方法。

【完整解析】
36. an。

考查冠词。

句意：和生活中许多事情一样，积累词汇也是一个不断发展的过程。

由语境可知填“一个”，欧宁以元音音素开头，“一个”用不定冠词an表示泛指。

故填an。

37. which。

考查定语从句关系词。

句意：通过分析句子结构可知，_______means you'll just keep getting better and better.是定语从句，空白处所填的词指代逗号前的there’s enough room for improvement，which在句中为关系代词，引导非限定性定语从句，并在句中作主语。

故填which。

38. months。

考查名词单复数。

句意：你认为青少年时期几个月的记忆锻炼不够。

month为可数名词，且由a few 可知month应用复数形式。

故填months。

39. for。

考查介词。

句意：几个月的记忆锻炼对于余生是不够的。

be enough for sth 对······已足够。

故填介词for。

40. most effective。

考查形容词最高级。

句意：读好书是扩大词汇量最有效的方法之一。

此处要表达的是“最有效的方法之一”，因此填most effective。

41. really。

考查词性转换。

句意：你需要一周至少真正读一本书。

此处应用副词修饰动词read，因此填really。

42. sounds。

考查谓语动词。

句意：这件事并不像听起来那么难。

描述的是一般事实，而且主语为it，因此用sound
的一般现在时第三人称单数形式。

故填sounds。

43. reading。

考查非谓语动词。

句意：你在阅读一篇有趣的文学故事时增长词汇量。

逻辑主语you与动词read为主动关系，故用现在分词reading ... 作状语；也可视为状语从句while you are reading... 的省略形式。

故填reading。

44. their。

考查代词。

句意：另一个好处是你不知不觉中学习到了新词和它们的用法。

use在此处是名词，故用形容词性物主代词their作定语。

故填their。

45. learned/learnt。

考查非谓语动词。

句意：你自然会在对话中使用这些词汇。

learned / learnt作后置定语修饰words，表示“已学过的词”，words与learn是被动的关系，因此用过去分词。

故填learned/learnt。