[译林版]7B英语各单元知识点整理
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7B Unit 1 Dream homes知识点【词形转换】
wood n. – wooden adj.
child n. –children pron.
quiet adj.—quietly adv.
quite adv. 相当地≠ quiet adj. 安静的
print v. –printer n.
worry v. 担心–worried adj.担心的
little—less—least many/much –more—most
own(adj./v.) → owner (n.)
Britain n. 不列颠—British adj. 不列颠的
France n. 法国–French n. 法语 adj.法国的
Japan n.日本—Japanese n. adj.日本的
Russia n. 俄罗斯—Russian n. 俄语、俄罗斯人adj.俄罗斯的【词汇】
2. capital
The capital of the USA is Washington D.C.
the capital of ……
e.g. Nanjing is the capital of Jiangsu Province.
The capital of China is Beijing.
3. own(adj.自己的/v.拥有) → owner (n.)主人
I have my own bedroom. = I have a bedroom of my own.
e.g. I see with my own eyes.
Who’s the owner of this pen?= Who owns this pen?
4. fun n. 乐趣,不可数名词
I always have fun with my dog there.
It’s great fun.
5. most
(1) most+名词; adj. “大多数的”:most homes
Most girl students like wearing skirts.
(2)most of + the / (形)物主代词(his/ their) / 指示代词(these/ those) + pl./〖u〗
most of + us/you/them
Most of the students would like to stay.
I spend most of my free time playing football.
Most of them think English is very important.
(3) adv.“最” :like sth most
I like playing basketball most.
6. beside = next to
I’d like to live next to a rest aurant.
There is a football field behind my house and a swimming pool beside it.
【词组】
1.I’d like to live next to a restaurant.
① would like sth.= want sth
would like to do sth = want to do sth
Would you like some water?= Do you want some water? Yes,please./ No, thanks. Would you like to go with us? Yes, I’d love/ like to. Good idea. All right. / I’d like to, but …
② next to =beside
e.g. Tom’s house is next to mine.
Jack wants to sit next to me.
2. Learn about homes in different countries.
① learn ab out 学习有关…的知识
I want to learn more about the world.
② learn from 向…学习
We should help each other and learn from each other.
③ different → same;be different from→be the same as
in different classes in the same class
It’s really different from the fla ts in Beijing.
④be different from
e.g. Your pen is different from mine.
City life is very different from Country life.
⑤ different(adj.) → difference(n.)
the difference between…and…
e.g. There are many differences between English and Chinese Names.
3.We sit on the big floor cushions and look out at the beach and the sea.
look out (of…)at … =see … from …
Look out ! =Be careful! = Take care!当心/小心
e.g. Don’t look out of the window in class.
look at / look around / look for / look like / look forward to / look after / look up
4. I share a bedroom with my sister.
share sth with sb
e.g. The boy shared his toy with other children
share in sth
e.g. We should share in our sorrows as well as joys.
5.Simon wrote down the meaning of some of the words.
①write + n. +down=write down +n. write it /them down
e.g. Can you write down the words on your book ?
= Can you write the words on your book?
OK, I’ll write them down.
②meaning (n.) → mean(v.)
e.g. What’s the meaning of “quick?= What does “quick” mean?
6. ask sb to do sth 叫某人做某事
Can you ask him to call me back?
否定结构有:ask sb not to do sth
类似的结构有:tell sb to do sth
7. be full of… 充满…
Your garden is full of flowers.
The room is full of smoke.
My grandmother visited my home with a basket full of vegetables.
8. have an area of… = … in area(size)
Red Square in Moscow is about 91,000 square metres in size.
France has an area of over 260,000 square miles. = France is 260,000 square miles in area.
【语法】
(一)Cardinal numbers 基数
7Bunit1
A.基数词的写法:
⑴“几十几”十位和个位之间用“—”。
e.g. 32 thirty-two
⑵101—999 百位和十位间加“and”.e.g. 928 nine hundred and twenty-eight
⑶1000以上的数,从后往前每三位一段,倒数第一个数读thousand,倒数第二个数读million,依次类推。
e.g. 8,542,601 eight million, five hundred and forty-three thousand, six hundred and one
B .基数词的运用:
1. hundred, thousand, million, billion等前有数字修饰表示“精确数”一般用单数,但表示不定数目用复数:hundreds of; thousands of; millions of
注意区别:three hundred students;
hundreds of students;
three hundred of the students
2. 表示“几十”的数词,其复数形式可以表示年龄或年代。
e.g. in his twenties in the thirties the 1990s
3. 表示房间号、公共汽车号、电话号码、页数、年龄等用基数词,如:
Room 801; No. 1 Bus; Page 44; two o’clock; a twelve-year-old girl
4. 一些计算或分数、百分数等,如:
Two plus two is four.
Five times six is thirty.
a half; a third; a quarter; three quarters; one-eighth; seven-eighths;
thirty percent
5. 年月日中,年用基数词;日用序数词
January 18, 2014; 18th January 2014
(二)Ordinal numbers 序数
序数词的运用:
1. 表示日期:e.g. 6月1日 on the first of June/ on June (the) first
2. 表示编号:e.g. Lesson 5=the fifth lesson
3. 表示名次,起副词作用,前无“the” e.g. Simon came first in the English exam.
4. 序数词前有限定词修饰时,不加“the”. e.g. This is my first lesson.
5. 表示次序或楼层,如:
He is always the first to come to school in our class.
Wilson lives on the twelfth floor.
6. a/an+序数词,表示“又一、再一”;
I’d like a second try.
五、拓展提升
1. I’ll arrive in Beijing on Sunday. 我将在星期天到达北京。
arrive (vi.) arrive in(大地点)/at (小地点)= get to = reach(及物动词)
e.g. The train arrived an hour ago.
He arrives at school on time every day.
=He gets to school on time every day.
= He reaches school on time every day.
arrive there/ here/home =get there/ here/ home
误:reach there/ here/ home
2. Who’s calling/speaking/that? (打电话用语)请问你是谁?
“我是…”用This is… e.g. This is Jack speaking. 我是Jack.
May I speak to…? 可以找…接电话吗?
Yes, speaking. 是的,请讲。
Just a minute/ moment. 请稍等。
What’s your telephone number? 你的电话号码是多少?
Sorry, wrong number. 不好意思,电话打错了。
Hold on, please. 请别挂断。
call sb back给某人回电话;answer the call 接电话
3. It rains a lot.
表示下雨、下雪、冷热等自然状况等用It作为主语
It often rains a lot in summer in Haimen.
It doesn’t rain here in winter.
It never snows here in summer.
Does it often rain here in spring in Shanghai?
4. The CN Tower is 1,815 feet tall.
表示物体的长宽高厚深等的句型为:
某物is 数量long/ wide/ tall / high/ thick/ deep.
The Yangtze is 6,300 kilometres long.
I’m 1.72 metres tall.
5. 表示方位的in, on, to
Shanghai is in the east of China.
Russia is on the north of China.
Japan is to the east of China.
7B Unit2 Neighbours单元知识点归纳
【单词】
1.neighbour邻居2.visitor访问者,参观者
3.1ike像,相似4.waiter服务员
5.helpful愿意帮忙的;有用的 6.community社区7.volunteer志愿者,义务工作者 8.skill技能,技巧9.something某事,某物 10.engineer工程师;技师11.check检查12.broken损坏了的;破碎的13.someone某人14.fix修理
15.anyone任何人16.college学院
17.1ucky幸运的18.fire火
19.manager经理20.policeman警察
21.postman邮递员22.company公司
23.elder年纪较长的24.j ob工作
25.future将来26.artist艺术家,(尤指)画家
27.sound听起来28.sick生病的;恶心的
29.notice布告,通知30.information信息
31.below下面32.better较好,更好
33.anything任何事34.group组,群
【词组】
1.some volunteers 一些义务工作者
2.help sb.with sth.帮助某人解决某种困难
3.something wrong 一些有毛病的东西
4.do some shopping 买东西
5.visitors like you 像你一样的访问者
6.most of them 他们中大多数
7.all kinds of problems 各种各样的问题
8.college students 大学生
9.need help with 某方面需要帮助
10.wait for sb.等待某人
11.plan a day out 计划外出一天
12.the day after tomorrow后天
13.make a fire 生火
14.office worker上班族
15.police station 警察局
16.post office 邮局
17.by train/bus/ship/bike 乘火车/公交车/轮船/自行车
18.in the future 在未来
19.sound 1ike 听起来像
20.be good at drawing 擅长绘画
21.the information below 下面的信息
22.worry about 为……担心
23.make you feel better 使你感到更好
24.feel well 感觉好了
【句型】
1.I’m going to visit our new neighbours.我打算去拜访我们的新邻居。
2.I’m afraid they won’t welcome visitors like you.恐怕他们不会欢迎像你一样的拜访者。
(1)welcome作及物动词,意为“欢迎’’,可与介‘词to连用;也可作形容词,意为“受欢迎的"。
如:
Welcome you to our school!欢迎到我们学校来!
You’re welcome.不用谢。
(2)句中like是介词,意为“像,相似’’,其反义词是unlike;作动词时,意为“喜欢’’,后可接动名词或不定式作宾语。
如:
What is Jim like? 吉姆这个人怎么样?
They like playing football on Sunday.他们喜欢在星期天踢足球。
(3)won’t是will与not的缩略形式。
“will+动词原形"也是一般将来时的构成之一。
如:
We will take a bus to work.我们将乘公共汽车上班。
3.There’s something wrong with my computer.我的电脑出故障了。
(1)此句包含句型:There is something wrong with…(某物出毛病了/坏了。
)此句型的同义结构有:Something is wrong with...;...is broken..;...doesn’t work.等。
(2)something是不定代词,用于肯定句或希望得到对方肯定回答的疑问句中。
在疑问句
或否定句中多用anything。
当形容词修饰这类不定代词时,必须后置。
如:
I have something important to tell you .我有一些重要的事情告诉你。
4.They help us with all kinds of problems.他们帮助我们解决各种难题。
help sb.with sth.意为“帮助某人解决难题’’,其中with可用动词原形来代替。
如:He often helps me learn English.他经常帮助我学习英语。
5.Some of them often visit the old people and do some shopping for them.他们中的一些人经常会去探望老人并为他们采购些物品。
do some shopping意为“买东西,购物",相当于go shopping。
在疑问句中,也用some而不用any。
类似结构还有:do some reading(阅读),do some cooking(烧饭),do some washing(洗衣服)等。
6.You’re lucky to live in a neighbourhood like that,Simon.住在像那样的居民区,你真幸运,西蒙。
lucky是luck的形容词形式,后接不定式,其反义词是unlucky(不幸运的)。
此句也可表
达为:It’s lucky for you to liv e in a neighbourhood like that,Simon.
7.People go there when they need help with their...当人们在……需要帮助时,人们就去那儿(寻求帮助)。
(1)when意为“当……时’’,是连词,引导时间状语从句,从句中常用一般现在时表示将来时,而主句可用一般将来时,即所谓的“主将从现’’原则。
如:
I’ll go to the park when I’m free tomorrow.当我明天有空时,我将去公园。
(2)句中的help是不可数名词,后面接介词with。
如:
I need help with my English.我英语需要帮助。
8.Will you wait for US to call back?你会等我们回电话吗?
(1)wait是不及物动词,后接介词for。
如:Someone is waiting for you under the tree.树
下有人在等你。
(2)句中to call back是动词不定式作目的状语。
call back意为“回电话’’。
9.My parents and I are planning a day out with my uncle’s family the day after tomorrow.我
和我父母正计划后天与叔叔全家外出一天。
(1)a day out意为“外出一天",out是副词,修饰名词day,作后置定语。
如:
the weather today今天的天气
the people there那儿的人民
(2)the day after tomorrow意为“后天",是与一般将来时连用的时间状语。
10.So she goes to work by train.因此她乘火车去上班
go to work by train意为“乘火车去上班"。
“by+交通工具’’表示交通方式,“go to...by+交通工具’’意为“乘……去某地’’。
如:
We go to the park by bus.=We take a bus to the park.我们乘公共汽车去公园。
11.I’m good at drawing.我擅长绘画。
be good at--do well in意为“擅长",后接名词、代词或动名词作宾语。
12.That sounds like a good idea..那听起来是个好主意。
sound是连系动词,意为“听起来……’’,后接形容词作表语;sound like后接名词作宾语;sound还可作名词,意为“动听、悦耳的声音"。
如:
Your idea sounds great.你的主意听起来棒极了。
’I can hear the sound of running water.我能听到流水的声音。
13.Please look at the information below.请看下面的信息。
’
information是不可数名词,below是副词,故修饰名词时需后置。
below还可作介词,意为“在……下面’’,但不是指在某物垂直的下方,而under是指在某物垂直的下方。
14.They will make you feel better!他们将使你(们)感觉更好!
make意为“使,让",是使役性动词,后接动词原形或形容词作宾语补足语。
如:
His words make me happy.他的话让我开心。
I will make Jim fix the bicycle.我将让吉姆修理自行车。
15.Are you worrying about what to wear to a party or how to design your home?你在为参加聚会该穿什么或者怎样设计你的家而烦恼吗?
(1)worry about意为“担心……’’。
如:Don’t worry about me.别为我担心。
(2)what to wear与how to design是“疑问词+动词不定式"结构,此结构在句中作宾语。
如:
I don’t know when to leave.我不知道何时出发。
16.People will get help if there is something wrong with their washing machine or fridge.假如人们的洗衣机或冰箱坏了,他们将得到帮助。
if意为“假如,如果",引导条件状语从句,从句中用一般现在时表示将来时。
如:
If it rains tomorrow,I’ll stay at home.假如明天下雨,我将待在家里。
【语法】
一般将来时
一般将来时表示将来某个时间将要发生的动作或存在的状态,也表示将来经常或反复发生的动作。
一般将来时的构成:shall/will/be going to+v.。
肯定句:主语+shall/will+动词+其他.否定句:主语+shall/will+not+动词+其他.疑问句:Shall/Will+主语+动词+其他?
1.shall与第一人称连用,主要用于疑问句中。
2.在疑问句中,will与第二、三人称连用;在陈述句中用于各人称,在征求意见时常用于第二人称。
Which paragraph shall I read first?我将先读哪一段?
Will you be at home at seven this evening?今晚7点你在家吗?
3.当有迹象表明在近期或短时间内有可能发生的动作或打算、准备做的事或即将发生或肯定要发生的事用be going to+v.。
(1)主语的意图,即将做某事。
What are you going to do tomorrow?明天你(们)打算做什么?
(2)计划、安排要发生的事。
The play is going to be produced next month.这场剧目下个月将被拍摄。
(3)有迹象要发生的事。
Look at the dark clouds,there is going to be a storm.看那些乌云,将会有一场暴风雨。
4.用一般现在时表将来,经常出现在时间或条件状语从句中。
如:
When Bill comes,ask him to Wait for me.当比尔来时,叫他等等我。
If It doesn’t rain tomorrow,I will go shopping with mother.假如明天不下雨,我将和妈妈去购物。
7B Unit3 Welcome to Sunshine Town知识点
Comic strip
1.An old friend of mine is coming to see me, Hobo.
我的一个老朋友正要来见我,Hobo。
be coming是现在进行时结构,相当于is going to come,表示近期安排的确定将要发生的动作。
在英语中,像come,go,leave等这一类表示位置移动的动词可用进行时表示将来。
e.g: We are leaving for Hong Kong tomorrow. 明天我们将前往香港。
They are going to Paris for the coming summer holiday.
在即将来临的暑假里他们打算去巴黎。
[拓展]come常构成的短语有:
come back 回来
come down 下来,下降
come from 出生(于),来自
come true 变为现实,实现
come on 赶快,来吧,加油
Welcome to the unit
1.Shall we take them to the cinema? 我们要把他们带去电影院吗?
take sb. to ... 把某人带到……,其中to为介词,后面可直接跟地点,即:take sb. to sp.带某人去某地。
但若接地点为地点副词(here, there, home等)时,要省略介词to。
e.g: I want to take my little sister to the zoo on Saturday.
星期六我想带我的小妹妹去动物园。
Can you take me there? 你能把我带到那儿吗?
[拓展]take sth. to ... 表示“把某物带给……”,后面可直接跟人,即:take sth. to sb.将某物带给某人。
e.g: Let’s take t he food to my grandparents. 让我们把这些食物带给我的祖父母吧。
2.They can try some Chinese food. 他们可以品尝一些中国食物。
try some Chinese food动词短语,意为“品尝一些中国食物”,其中try是动词,意为“尝试”。
e.g: Let’s try some different kinds of food from all over the world.
让我们来品尝一些来自世界各地的不同种类的食物吧。
Don’t g ive up. Try again. 别放弃。
再试试。
[拓展]try还可作名词,表示“尝试”。
e.g: I want to have a try. 我想试试。
[提醒]try to do sth. 努力做某事
try/do one’s best to do sth.尽某人最大的努力做某事,否定式为do/try one’s best not to do sth.
e.g: Try to get here earlier tomorrow. 明天争取早点来这儿。
Reading
1.There are lots of things to do in Sunshine Town. 在阳光镇有很多事情要做。
固定短语lots of things to do中的to do为动词不定式,修饰前面的名词things,作后置定语,且两者之间是逻辑上的动宾关系,表示要做的事。
e.g: I have too much homework to do every day. How about you?
每天我都有太多的家庭作业要做。
你呢?
There are many nice places to go in China, such as the Great Wall.
中国有许多好的地方可去,比如长城。
2.... stay in a quiet town?
quiet形容词,意为“安静的;寂静的”,作定语或表语。
反义词为noisy嘈杂的,副词为quietly。
e.g: She is a quiet girl. She likes sitting quietly.
她是个文静的女孩,她喜欢静静地坐着。
[拓展]quiet既可用来形容人,又可用来形容街道安静或海洋风平浪静等。
固定短语有:keep/be quiet保持安静
a quiet place 一个安静的地方
e.g: Be quiet, please! 请安静!
[提醒]quiet与副词quite(相当,十分)要区分清楚。
3.The air is fresh here. 这里的空气很新鲜。
(1)air名词,意为“空气,大气”,为不可数名词,单独使用时要与定冠词the连用。
e.g: The air here is very clean. 这儿的空气非常干净。
[拓展]类似air表示世界上独一无二的东西的单词有:the Earth 地球
the Sun 太用the Moon 月亮
(2)fresh形容词,意为“新鲜的”,作定语或表语。
e.g: I need some fresh air to breathe. 我需要呼吸一些新鲜空气。
4.Sunshine Town is not far from the centre of Beijing. 阳光镇离北京市中心不远。
be far from意为“距离……远”,相当于be far away from;反义短语为be close to,意为“距离……近”。
e.g: My home is far from the school, so I need get up early every day.
我家距离学校很远,所以我每天需要早起。
Our school is close to the park. 我们学校离那个公园很近。
[拓展]若要表示确切的距离,要用固定结构“be+基数词+路程单位+away from”。
e.g: The new supermarket is one kilometre away from my home.
新超市离我家有一千米远。
5.Beijing duck is very famous. 北京烤鸭很有名。
famous形容词,意为“出名的,著名的”,作定语或表语。
e.g: The West Lake in Hangzhou is very famous. 杭州的西湖很出名。
[拓展]famous的固定短语有:be famous for因……而出名/闻名,for后接原因;be famous as 以……(身份)而出名,as后常接表示职业的名词。
e.g: Beijing is famous for the Great Wall. 北京因长城而著名。
Lu Xun is famous as a writer in China. 在中国鲁迅作为作家而闻名。
6.If you do not like Chinese food, there are some Western restaurants too.
如果你不喜欢中国食物,这里也有一些西方餐馆。
western形容词,意为“西方的”,是由方位名词west加后缀-ern构成的。
e.g: In Western countries, Christmas is very important.
在西方国家,圣诞节非常重要。
[拓展]表示“方位”的词形变化:
east 东;东方→eastern 东方的;东部的
west 西;西方→western 西方的;西部的
south 南;南方→southern 南方的;南部的
north 北;北方→northern 北方的;北部的
7.Why not visit our local theatre and enjoy Beijing opera?
为什么不参观我们的当地剧院,并且欣赏京剧呢?
固定句型“Why not do ...?”表示“为什么不……呢?”,表示提议的交际用语,相当于“Why don’t you do ...?”。
e.g: Why not go and see a film? = Why don’t you go and see a film?
为什么不去看场电影呢?
[拓展]表示建议、邀请的句型归类:
①Let’s do sth., shall we?让我们做某事,好吗?
②Shall we do sth.?我们做某事,好吗?
③What/How about doing sth.?做某事怎么样?
④You’d better do sth.你最好做某事。
8.If you want to learn more abo ut Chinese art, don’t miss the opera shows there.
如果你想要学习更多关于中国艺术,不要错过那儿的京剧表演。
miss动词,意为“错过,失去”。
e.g: He often gets up late and misses the early bus.他经常晚起,错过早班车。
[拓展]miss作动词,还可以表示“想念,思念”。
e.g: The students go home twice a month. They miss their parents very much.
学生们每月回家两次。
他们很想念父母。
[提醒]若miss的首字母大写,即Miss,表示“小姐”,指未婚女子,常用于姓氏的前面。
e.g: Miss Smith is our teacher. 史密斯小姐是我们的老师。
9.We are looking forward to meeting you soon. 我们期待不久后见到你。
look forward to doing sth. 期待做某事
[拓展]类似的短语有:
pay attention to 注意
pay attention to sth./doing sth. 注意某事/做某事
Grammar
1. 名词所有格
(1)概念:名词所有格用来表示人或物的所属关系。
(2)构成:在表示有生命的名词及某些表示时间、距离、世界、国家等无生命的名词后加’s。
①表示有生命的名词末尾加’s
eg: Miss Wang’s computer王小姐的电脑the policemen’s cars警察们的汽车
②以-s结尾的复数名词末尾加’
Teachers’ Day教师节the students’ books学生们的书
③不以-s结尾的不规则变化的复数名词末尾加’s
eg: Children’s Day儿童节Women’s Day妇女节
④有些表示时间、距离、衡量度、价值、自然现象、城市、国家等无生命的名词后也可以加’s/’构成所有格
eg: today’s newspaper今天的报纸five minutes’ walk步行五分钟的路程
⑤表示两者共同拥有的人或物时,用A and B’s; 若表示两人各自拥有时,则用A’s and B’s eg: Lily and Lucy’s bedroom莉莉和露西的卧室(指房间为两人共同拥有)
Lily’s and Lucy’s bedroom莉莉的卧室和露西的卧室(指Lily和Lucy各自的卧室)
[提醒]①表示诊所、店铺或某人的家等地点名词,其名词所有格后的被修饰语常被省略
eg: at the doctor’s (office) 在诊所go to Daniel’s (house) 去丹尼尔家
②名词所有格所修饰的词,如果前面已经提及过,则常被省略,以免重复
eg: This is not my bike. It’s June’s (bike).这不是我的自行车,是琼的。
[拓展]“of+名词”表示无生命事物的所属关系
①当表示拥有者的名词由短语或从句修饰时,用“of+名词”结构
eg: the classroom of the Class1, Grade 7 students 七年级一班学生们的教室
a photo of my family 我家的全家福
②用于无生命的拥有者
eg: the legs of the chair 椅子的腿
2. Whose key ring is that? 那是谁的钥匙圈?
(1)key名词,意为“钥匙”,复数为keys
eg: There are three keys in my bag. 我包里有三把钥匙。
[拓展]key作为名词,还可表示“答案;关键;键”the key to……的答案;…的关键
eg: Do you know the key to the second question? 你知道第二个问题的答案吗?
(2)ring 名词,意为“环,圈“,复数为rings
eg: The dog has a ring on its neck. 这条狗的脖子上有一个圈。
[拓展]①ring作名词,还可表示“戒指”
eg: My mother wants to buy a new ring. 我妈妈想要买一枚新戒指。
②ring还可作动词或名词,意为“打电话;电话”
eg: I’ll ring you back as soon as possible. 我将尽快给你回电话。
3. 形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词
用法
①形容词性物主代词一般位于名词前作定语,限定该名词的意义
eg: This is my computer. 这是我的电脑。
②名词性物主代词结构上相当于“形容词性物主代词+名词”,用法上相当于名词,在句中用作主语、表语和宾语
eg: It isn’t Simon’s football. His is in the classroom. (主语) 这不是西蒙的足球。
他的在教室里。
Look at the watch. Is it yours? (表语) 看看这块手表,是你的吗?
[提醒]名词性物主代词常用于双重所有格,与of连用
eg: Tom is a new friend of mine. 汤姆是我的一个新朋友。
Integrated skills
4. Baohe Palace---works of art
works of art 名词短语,意为“艺术品”,其中work是名词,意为“著作;作品”,复数为works eg: You can get fine works of art from these shops. 你可以从这些商店里买到精美的艺术品。
[拓展]work 一词多义
词条含义用法
work 工作,劳动不可数名词
工作动词
奏效,起作用动词
eg: Ten years of hard work makes her very old. 十年的艰辛工作使她很苍老。
My father works in a car factory. 我父亲在一家汽车厂工作。
5. Hunagji Palace---Chinese paintings
painting名词,意为“绘画,油画”,复数为paintings. 动词为paint(刷,涂);painter名词,意为“画家,油漆工”
eg: Qi Baishi is good at drawing Chinese paintings. 齐白石擅长画中国画。
Paint a picture in oils. 画一幅油画。
Look! The painters are painting the building. 看!油漆工们正在给大楼刷漆。
6. We can row a boat on the lake. 我们可以在湖上划船。
row动词,意为“划船”,固定短语row a boat 表示“划船”
eg: Can you row? 你会划船吗?
I don’t know how to row a boat.我不知道怎样划船。
[拓展]row 还可作名词,意为“排行”
eg: Jack sits in the second row. 杰克坐在第二排。
7. How far is it from the hotel? 离旅馆有多远?
how far疑问短语,意为“多远”,通常提问距离,回答要用路程或表示路程的时间
eg: ---How far is it from your home to school? ---It’s about 10 minutes on foot.
从你家到学校有多远?步行大约10分钟。
[拓展]how构成的疑问词短语有:
how many/ much 多少how old 多大how tall 多高
how long 多长时间how often 多久一次how soon 多久
Task
8. raise cows 饲养奶牛
raise 动词,意为“饲养”后面直接跟宾语,raise children 抚养孩子
eg: Most students in our class raise pets. 我们班的大多数宠物饲养宠物。
[拓展]①raise动词,意为“使升高”,后面常接宾语voice, hand, price等
eg: He raises his hand to wave. 他举起手挥动着。
②raise动词,意为“募集”,固定短语:raise money for… 为…募集钱
eg: May I ask you to help us raise the money for the Project Hope? 我们可以请你帮我们为希望工程筹钱吗?
9. know each other
eg: We are in the same boat, so we must help each other. 我们既然同舟,就要共济。
[注意]each other, one another都有互相之意,each other指两者之间;one another 指三者或三者以上之间。
10. friendly
friendly形容词,意为“友好的”,是由名词friend加-ly构成的形容词,而不是副词。
同义词为kind或nice
eg: The people in Beijing are very friendly. 北京的人民很友好。
[拓展]friendly常构成固定短语:be friendly to sb. 对某人友好
eg: Our teachers are friendly to us. 我们的老师对我们很友好。
[提醒]类似friendly以ly结尾的形容词还有:
lovely 可爱的 daily 日常的;每天的 motherly 母亲般的
11. smell the flowers
smell动词,意为“嗅,闻到”后面直接跟宾语或以形容词作表语
eg: Do you smell anything? I think something goes bad.你闻到什么了吗?我觉得有东西变质了。
[拓展]smell还可作名词,意为“气味”
eg: I dislike the smell of fish. 我不喜欢鱼的气味。
12. hear the birds sing
hear sb. do sth. 听见某人做某事,强调“某人常做某事”或“听到整个过程”。
hear动词,意为“听,听见”,与see, find, notice, feel, watch等都是通过人的感觉器官完成的动作,因此被称为感官动词
eg: I often hear him sing in the next room. 我经常听见他在隔壁唱歌。
[拓展]hear sb. doing sth. 表示“听见某人正在做某事”,强调“某人的动作正在发生”
eg: I hear her crying in the next room. 我听见她正在隔壁哭。
13. It is on a farm. 它在一个农场上。
on a farm 介词短语,意为“在一个农场上”,farm名词,表示“农场”,farmer名词,农民eg: Some farmers are working on the farm. 一些农民正在农场上干活。
14. Some families raise cows, and others grow wheat. 一些家庭饲养奶牛,另一些种植小麦。
some…, and others… 表示“一些…, 另一些…”,表示除去一部分以外的另一些,但不是剩下的全部,有列举未尽的意味。
eg: Some boys are playing football and others are swimming.一些男孩在踢足球,另一些在游泳。
[拓展]som e…, the others…意为“一些…,另一些全部…”,表示一定范围内除去一部分以后,剩下的全部的人或物
eg: Here are five pens. One is for Jim, the others are for Mary. 这里有五支钢笔。
一支给吉姆,其余的都给玛丽。
15. Usually my mother drives us there to do the shopping. 我妈妈经常开车送我们去那里购物。
drive sb. to sp. 开车送某人去某地,相当于go to sp. by car/ in a car
eg: My brother drives me to school every day. 我哥哥每天开车送我去学校。
[拓展]类似的短语有:
walk to sp.= go to sp. on foot 步行去某地
fly to sp. = go to sp. by plane 乘飞机去某地
Unit 4 Finding your way知识点
Comic strip
1.Follow me, Eddie. 跟着我,Eddie。
follow (v.) 跟随,后面直接跟表示人或事物的名词作宾语,相当于come after。
e.g: Spring follows winter. 冬去春来。
[拓展] follow (v.) 效仿;理解;服从
e.g: As students, we should follow the school rules. 作为学生,我们应该服从校规。
He speaks too fast. I can’t follow him.他说得太快了。
我听不懂。
[提醒] follow形容词为following,“接着的,下列的”。
e.g: Which of the following sentence is right? 下列哪个句子是正确的?
2.Are you sure, Hobo? 你确定吗,Hobo?
be sure “确信,有把握”,指有把握的判断。
常用短语: be sure to do sth. 肯定会做某事
be sure of/about sth. 确信某事,对某事有把握
be sure + that从句对……肯定/有把握
e.g: You are sure to enjoy the film. 你一定会喜欢这部电影的。
Are you sure of the result? 你对结果有把握吗?
I’m sure that smoking is not good for your health.我确信吸烟对你的健康无益。
[拓展] sure (adv.) 当然可以,相当于certainly
e.g: --May I use your bike? --Sure./Certainly. --我可以用你的自行车吗? --当然可以。
3.Let’s go down here.让我们在这儿向下走。
go down 下去;向下走反:go up,常用来表示位置或价格的下降。
down (adv.) 向下
e.g: Is this lift going down? 这部电梯是向下开的吗?
[拓展] go down还可表示“顺着,沿着”,此时down为介词,意为“沿……而下”。
e.g: Go down this street, and then turn right. 沿着这条街道走,然后右拐。
4.Don’t be afraid.不要害怕。
be afraid 害怕,担心
afraid (adj.) 害怕的,担心的
常用短语: be afraid of (doing) sth. 害怕(做)某事
be afraid to do sth. 因害怕而不敢做某事
I’m afraid + that从句恐怕……
e.g: Many people are afraid of tigers. 许多人害怕老虎。
Is your younger brother afraid of swimming. 你弟弟害怕游泳吗?
I’m afraid to go out alone at night. 我晚上不敢一个人出去。
I’m afraid (that) I can’t help you. 恐怕我帮不了你。
[提醒] “I’m afraid so.” 表示“恐怕情况是这样的。
”语气较委婉。
e.g: --I hear Mr Wu is ill in hospital. --I’m afraid so.Let’s go and see him after school.
--我听说吴老师生病住院了。
--恐怕是这样的,放学后我们去看他吧。
5.Eddie,I think we have to go up again. Eddie,我认为我们不得不再上去一次。
have to 不得不,必须;强调因客观条件的制约而不得不去做某事,后接动词原形。
e.g: We have to finish the work before supper. 我们不得不在晚饭前完成这项工作。
[辨析] have to与must。