(新课标)2016年高三英语寒假作业1

新课标2016年高三英语寒假作业1
第Ⅰ卷
第二部分阅读理解（共两节，满分60分）
第一节（共15小题；每小题3分，满分45分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C、和D）中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

A
Recently, I was invited to a writing class at my old high school. I accepted the __41__ because it’s always fun to see what young writ ers are up to. A few hours before the class, I got the __42__ that I often get before I go into a school — nausea(反胃) and the fear that I’m about to get into __43__.
When I __44__ into a school, all the old feelings come back：__45__ teacher is going to get mad at me; the headmaster is going to make me take a note home.
But I’m not alone in having __46__ feelings from school days. Often people talk about bad __47__they still have about being unprepared for a(n) __48__ test. Others say that being picked on and not being __49__ for a team are still terrible memories for them. So it’s no __50__ that adults sometimes act like they’re still in school.
My __51__ memories are about teachers getting mad at me. I was often ashamed of the serious crime of “talking out of turn”， a guy who couldn’t keep his __52_ shut.
I realize that the answer is to face the feelings, __53__ avoid them. So I volunteer at a school once a week. Each week, I’m a little more __54__ when I walk into the office to _55__. And I admit that sometimes when the headmaster __56__ me with a smile, I think he’s planning to call my mother to say I should dress a little nicer __57__ I visit his school. But by the end of my time there, I feel __58__.
Now I’m __59__ my next volunteer day at school. In fact, I might get there a little earlier so I can spend __60__ more time there.
41. A. challenge B. present C. invitation D. offer
42. A. message B. chance C. wish D. feeling
43. A. mood B. trouble C. thought D. panic
44. A. arrive B. walk C. admit D. rush
45. A. another B. many C. the other D. some
46. A. amazing B. fascinating C. exciting D. lasting
47. A. situations B. places C. experiences D. dreams
48. A. important B. easy C. recent D. average
49. A. chosen B. noted C. concerned D. adapted
50. A. doubt B. way C. wonder D. secret
51. A. best B. longest C. worst D. latest
52. A. heart B. eyes C. mouth D. hands
53. A. rather than B. except for C. as to D. instead of
54. A. stressed B. annoyed C. tired D. relaxed
55. A. sign in B. check out C. take off D. get up
56. A. impresses B. greets C. shocks D. refuses
57. A. when B. since C. whether D. unless
58. A. anxious B. strong C. nervous D. strange
59. A. reflecting back to B. looking forward to
C. getting away from
D. taking over by
60. A. also B. still C. even D. ever
B
At Bristol Zoo Gardens you can enjoy an amazing world of animals, all within our award-winning 12 acre gardens. With over 400 species and nine animals houses under cover, it’s one of the best days out in Bristol whatever the weather. We suggest you allow 2-5 hours for your visit to really take in everything we have to offer.
By visiting Bristol Zoo you will be directly contributing to the conservation of endangered species and habitats. Admission prices at Bristol Zoo include a 10% voluntary donation to help support our conservation projects.
With so many things to do in Bristol Zoo, it really is one of the top attractions in Bristol and the South West.
Adopting an Animal
Help us look after your favorite animal by becoming an animal adopter; it makes a fantastic gift for any age!
Choose from 10 of our favorite animals to adopt, which costs just ￡45. Adopt them in a matter of minutes online.
Opening hours
We’re open every day from 9 am to 5:30 pm in peak season, and close at 5 pm during off peak. The Zoo is closed on Christmas Day. Last entry to the Zoo is an hour before closing time and animal houses close half an hour before closing time.
Traveling by bus
Our bus service is operating every 30 minutes on Sundays and public holidays only. The service will enable guests to travel to the Zoo or anywhere along the route. The service is FREE to Bristol Zoo members — all you need to do is bring your membership card.
We encourage all of our guests to use public transport when coming to the Zoo.
33. By visiting the zoo, you will ______.
A. contribute to protecting endangered species
B. enjoy a 10 % discount off the admission
C. become a volunteer for species at the zoo
D. be asked to donate extra money for conservation
34. What message can we get from the text?
A. You can take care of 10 favorite animals.
B. The zoo is opened all the year around.
C. Visitors are encouraged to come by bus.
D. The zoo provides free public transport.
35. Where can we most likely read the text?
A. At the geography text.
B. In a science magazine.
C. At the entrance to zoos.
D. On the Internet.
C
When a dog loses a leg, the animal eventually figures out the best way to get around on three legs. In a short time, the dog learns to deal with its physical disability.
Now, scientists have developed robots that behave in much the same way.
We can find robots everywhere. Robots build cars, play chess and can clean your house. They may someday drive your car, too.
Two robots, named Spirit and Opportunity, were sent to Mars on a mission to explore the red planet.
Jeff Clune is a computer scientist with the University of Wyoming. He says robots also help people in natural disasters.
Robots are deployed in search and rescue operations following an earthquake. They may someday also be used to examine the wreckage of a nuclear accident, like the one in Fukushima, Japan.
Mr. Clune says robots can be sent to a lot of places said to be unsafe.
“The problem is that all of those types of situations and environment are extremely unpredictable and dangerous. And it is very likely that robots and humans in those situations become damaged.”
He and other scientists are developing technology so that robots will continue operating after the first sign of injury. They want the machines to have the ability to make changes and continue performing until they can be repaired.
Mr. Clune and researchers in France have added one more operation to the skill set of robots working under difficult conditions. They say they programmed a hexapod robot, one with six legs, and a robotic arm to learn how to deal with injury. Their findings were reported in the journal “Nature”.
Mr. Clune said that once the robots become damaged, they use their intuition and knowledge of how their body works to find a way to deal with the damage.
He says the robots are also programmed with child-like curiosity. In other words, they are always asking questions and looking for answers. The whole process takes about a minute for the robots to find a way to overcome damage.
66. At the beginning of the passage, the writer mentions dogs to __________.
A. provide examples of how animals deal with unexpected injury
B. show how scientists get inspiration from dogs to develop technology
C. introduce the topic in a more attractive way
D. suggest that scientists shouldn’t ignore the similarity between dogs and robots.
67. According to the passage, nowadays robots can’t __________.
A. play chess or clean the house
B. be sent on a mission to explore on the Mars
C. help people in search and rescue operations following an earthquake
D. examine the wreckage of a nuclear accident
68. Why are Mr.Clune and other scientists devoted to developing the technology?
A. They want to succeed in programming robots with child-like curiosity.
B. They expect to enable robots to continue working despite injury under difficult conditions.
C. They intend to make robots which can be sent to a lot of places said to be unsafe.
D. They are determined to design a more powerful robot for Mars exploration.
69. Now scientists have developed robots that, once damaged, can __________.
A. rely on their functions to figure out a way to handle the emergency.
B. figure out the best way to get around in a short time
C. spend about a second finding a way to overcome damage
D. maintain their child-like curiosity and keep asking people around for solutions
D
Suppose you become a leader in an organization. It’s very likely that you’ll want to have volunteers to help with the organization’s activities. To do so, it should help to understand why people undertake volunteer work and what keeps their interest in the work.
Let’s begin with the question of why people volunteer. Researchers have identified several factors that motivate people to get involved. For example, people volunteer to express personal values related to unselfishness, to expand their range of experiences, and to strengthen social relationships. If volunteer positions do not meet these needs, people may not wish to participate. To select volunteers, you may need to understand the motivations of the people you wish to attract.
People also volunteer because they are required to do so. To increase levels of
community service, some schools have launched compulsory volunteer programs. Unfortunately, these programs can s hift people’s wish of participation from an internal (内在的) factor (e.g., “I volunteer because it’s important to me”) to an external (外在的) factor (e.g., “I volunteer because I’m required to do so”). When that happens, people become less likely to volunteer in the future. People must be sensitive to this possibility when they make volunteer activities a must.
Once people begin to volunteer, what leads them to remain in their positions over time? To answer this question, researchers have conducted follow-up studies in which they track volunteers over time. For instance, one study followed 238 volunteers in Florida over a year. One of the most important factors that influenced their satisfaction as volunteers was the amount of suffering they experienced in their volunteer positions. Although this result may not surprise you, it leads to important practical advice. The researchers note that attention should be given to “training methods that would prepare volunteers for troublesome situations or provide them with strategies for coping with the problem they do experience”.
Another study of 302 volunteers at hospitals in Chicago focused on individual differences in the degree to which people view “volunteer” as an important social role. It was assumed that those people for whom the role of volunteer was most part of their personal identity would also be most likely to continue volunteer work. Participants indicated the degree to which the social role mattered by responding to statements such as “Volunteering in Hospital is an important part of who I am.” Consistent with the researchers’ expectations, they found a positive correlation (正相关) between the strength of role identity and the length of time people continued to volunteer. These results, once again, lead to conc rete advice: “Once an individual begins volunteering, continued efforts might focus on developing a volunteer role identity... Items like T-shirts that allow volunteers to be recognized publicly for their contributions can help strengthen role identity”.
32. People volunteer mainly out of ______ .
A. academic requirements
B. social expectations
C. financial rewards
D. internal needs
33. What can we learn from the Florida study?
A. Follow-up studies should last for one year.
B. Volunteers should get mentally prepared.
C. Strategy training is a must in research.
D. Volunteers are provided with concrete advice.
34. What is most likely to motivate volunteers to continue their work?
A. Individual differences in role identity.
B. Publicly identifiable volunteer T-shirts.
C. Role identity as a volunteer.
D. Practical advice from researchers.
35. What is the best title of the passage?
A. How to Get People to Volunteer
B. How to Study Volunteer Behaviors
C. How to Keep Volunteers’ Interest
D. How to Organize Volunteer Activities
第二节（七选五共5小题，每小题2分，满分10分）
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，选项中有两项为多余选项。

Finnish Translation: Be Aware of False Friends
False friends, those tricky words that are a tr anslator’s enemy and that can be found in almost every document we translate, also exist between English and Finnish. 36
So, what’s a false friend? Well, as many of you might know, a false friend (from the French faux amis) is a word or an expression that shares a similar written form in two languages, but which has different meanings. 37 When you see them, you might assume they have the same meaning as a similar word in your native language.
38 Even professional translators can be misled by a fal se friend. That’s why, as a translator, it’s necessary to be familiar with them. Remember that when it comes to translation, ‘false friends are worse than bitter enemies’, as the
Scottish proverb says, and you should keep your eyes open, because they might be waiting for you around every corner.
It seems no language is free of false friends. 39 During the years I’ve been working as a translator, I’ve come across many false friends; they were in that urgent assignment, or that translation I finished off without first having my coffee, trying to confuse me. 40 Therefore, I would like to help you in your war against false friends by sharing some of them with you.
A.The Finnish language is no exception.
B.Research key words while doing translation.
C.This is the first of a two-part series on the topic.
D.Therefore, false friends can cause a lot of problems.
E.Luckily, I was able to spot them and translate them properly.
F.Sometimes, even fluent users of a language can confuse them.
G.So you should avoid a nightmare caused by it during your next translation project.
第三部分英语知识运用（共两节，满分45）
第一节完形填空（共20小题；每小题15分，满分30分）
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出可以填入空白
处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

第II卷
第三部分英语知识运用（共两节满分55）
第二节阅读下面材料，用不多于1个单词的正确形式填空(语法填空)
First, reading books 61 (be) fun. You can always keep yourself 62 (interest) and it can help you have an enjoyable time if you like reading. This is especially useful when the weather is bad. It is a(n) 63 (relax) hobby too.
Next, you can read a book anywhere: in a car, on a plane, in bed—even in the bath. 64 you need is a book! Reading is a convenient hobby as it is easy to stop and start again.
Another good reason for reading books is 65 it is useful. If you read as a hobby you 66 (get) better and better at it. This means that you will read faster and become 67 （good） at understanding what you read. As your reading improves, you will probably find your schoolwork becomes much easier. Many school subjects depend 68 good reading and, as you read you learn more and more.
Good readers are most likely to be good 69 (ｗrite）, too．They are usually good at 70 (spell) as well, and have more things to write about. Reading books is really a wonderful hobby.
第四部分写作（共两节满分35）
第一节短文改错（10分）
My dream school starts at 8:30 a.m. and ends at 3:30 p.m. They are three lessons in the morning and two in the afternoon. We didn’t need to do so many homework. Therefore, we have more time with after-school activities .For example, we can do reading for one and a half hour and play sports for one hour every day.
My dream school look like a big garden. There are all kinds of the flowers and trees around the classroom buildings. We can lie on the grass for a rest, or sat by the lake listening music. The teachers here are kind and helpfully. They are not only our teachers but also our friends.
第二节书面表达
全球气候变暖是目前人类面临的最大的环境问题之一。

请你根据以下提示写一篇英语短文，为“节能减排”献计献策。

注意：1.不要逐句翻译(尤其是措施部分要具体) 2.词数：100左右
提示：温室气体的排放 the emission of greenhouse gases；二氧化碳CH2O;
大气层atmosphere
With the rapid development of the economy, pollution has become one of the most serious problems nowadays.
参考答案
第Ⅰ卷
第二部分阅读理解（共两节，满分60分）
第二节（共15小题；每小题3分，满分45分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C、和D）中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

A篇:
41-45DBBD 46-50DDAAC 51-55CCADA 56-60BABBC
41. C. 根据上文I was invited to…可知是“接受邀请”，所以选C。

42. D. 根据下文when I…into a school, all the old feelings come back可知答案为feeling。

43. B. 根据下文…teacher is going to get mad at me…可知作者害怕陷入麻烦(get into trouble)。

44. B. 句意：当我走进一所学校，所有往日的感觉都来了：某个老师会对我发脾气，校长会让我带话回家。

45. D. 表示“某一个”用some。

46. D. 根据上下文可知作者已经毕业了，但学校的记忆仍然影响着他，所以他对学校的感觉是“持久的”。

47. D. 根据后面they still have about being…可知，这应该是做梦，而不是现实。

句意：人们经常会讨论自己现在仍然做着的关于在还没有准备好的情况下就得参加一次重要考试的噩梦。

48. A. 结合上下文语境，这里指一场重要的考试。

49. A. 句意：其他人说被找茬和没被某个球队选上对他们来说仍是糟糕的回忆。

50. C. 句意：所以难怪有时候成年人表现得就像他们还在学校一样。

“It is no wonder that…”意思为“难怪”。

51. C. 上文提到的对于其他人来说，被找茬和没被某个球队选上对他们来说仍是糟糕的回忆，相应的，这里是说“我”最糟糕的回忆是老师对“我”发脾气，所以选C。

52. C. 根据句意：我为自己“说了不该说的话”的重罪而羞愧，总是管不住自己的嘴。

keep one’s mouth shut意为“管住某人的嘴”。

53. A. 句意：我意识到解决的办法是面对这些感觉，而不是逃避。

54. D. 由上文可知作者以前每次进入学校都会紧张、害怕，但是在找到应对的方法后，应该每周都会轻松一些。

55. A. 作者走进办公室应该是签到(sign in)。

56. B. 根据语境可知，校长应该是微笑着打招呼。

57. A. 表示“当……的时候”应该用when。

58. B. 根据转折连词but可知，后文应该是表达作者觉得自己“强大”了。

59. B. 根据下文，作者会特意早一点到学校，可知作者是期待在学校的下一个志愿者日。

60. C. 句意：事实上，我会早到一点，那样就能够在那里呆上甚至更长的时间。

B篇:
ACD
本文是应用文，介绍了去Bristol Zoo公园参观的一些相关信息。

33.A细节理解题。

考查学生通过阅读文章获得信息或寻求细节的能力。

结合第二段的第一句话“By visiting Bristol Zoo you will be directly contributing to the conservation of endangered species and habitats”可知，答案为A。

34.C细节理解题。

考查学生通过阅读文章获得信息或寻求细节的能力。

根据最后一段的信息“to use public transport”可知，答案为C。

35.D推理判断题。

考查考生根据文章内容确定其出处的能力。

根据文章小标题“Adopting an animal”下第二自然段“Adopt them in a matter of minutes online.”可知，这篇文章来自于网络，答案为D。

C篇:CDBA
D篇:ADCB
第二节（七选五共5小题，每小题2分，满分10分）
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，选项中有两项为多余选项。

答案及解析：
GDFAE
第三部分英语知识运用（共两节，满分45）
第二节完形填空（共20小题；每小题15分，满分30分）
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

第II卷
第三部分英语知识运用（共两节满分55）
第三节阅读下面材料，用不多于1个单词的正确形式填空(语法填空)
61. is; 62. interested; 63. relaxing; 64. What; 65. that
66. will get; 67. better; 68. on; 69. writers; 70. spelling
第四部分写作（共两节满分35）
第二节短文改错（10分）
答案及解析：
1.They→ There
2.didn’t→ don’t
3.many → much
4.with→ for
5.hour→ hours
6. look→ looks
7. the flowers → flowers
8.sat→ sit
9. listening → listening to
10. helpfully → helpful
第三节书面表达
With the rapid development of the economy, pollution has become one of the most serious problems nowadays.
The emission of greenhouse gases not only results in more and more CO2 in the atmosphere but also keeps the temperature going up. It has many harmful effects on
human beings and nature, such as the rise of sea levels, many natural disasters and so on.
Therefore, it's time to take steps to make a difference. First of all, we should save energy. For example, we can walk or ride a bike when we go out instead of driving a car. Secondly, we should plant more trees to absorb CO2 from the air. Finally and most importantly, we should raise people’s awareness of the importance of protecting the environment。