中考命题研究河北省202X中考英语语法专题突破专题五介词和介词短语人教新目标版

专题五介词和介词短语
河北中考五年命题规律及趋势
考纲要求
介词和介词短
语
考查点年份题号考查角度选项设置分值
介词辨析
201228 时间介词in/on/to/by 1分
201149 with表方式
above/with/u
nder/for
1分
固定搭配
202X28 固定搭配
at/as/for/wi
th
1分
201328 固定搭配in/at/on/for 1分
201254 介词短语
at last/at
most/at__fir
st/at least
1分
2011
29 固定搭配
off/from/of/
for
1分
53 介词短语
on the
front/on the
back/
on the
left/on__the
__right
1分
介词是河北中考单项选择的必考点，主要考查介词的固定搭配，如：write with(用……写)，at age＋数字(在……岁时)，be different from(不同于……)。

同时也注重on的基本用法，如：on表时间、方位、方向等，同时涉及on与其他介词的辨析，如in，at，for，to，by，of等。

设题形式多为简单句，以两个分句居多，词数为9～12。

另外，完形填空中也会涉及介词或介词短语的辨析，如：with表伴随，from表来源，like表列举，同时涉及其他介词的辨析，如above，under，for，into，of等。

此外，也涉及到了介词的固定搭配，如：on the right(在右边)，think about(考虑)等。

预计202X年河北中考的单项选择仍会与202X保持一致，对介词考查不会有太大变化。

河北中考重难点突破
介词
【考点抢测】
( )1.—Maybe you should call him up.
—But I don't want to talk with him ______ the phone.
A．on B．at C．in D．with
( )2.In America，people start celebrating the New Year ________ December 31st.
A．in B．at C．on D．for
( )3.Lisa was born on May 1st，and my birthday is also ________ that month.
A．over B．in C．on D．at
( )4.(202X张家口9中模拟)Most of my classmates go to school ______ bike.
A．at B．by C．on D．in
( )5.________ the book，the teacher comes into the classroom.
A．With B．At C．On D．In
( )6.Before the bridge was built ________ the river，the villagers had to take a boat to the other side
A．in B．beside
C．across D．along
【满分点拨】
一、时间介词的辨析和用法
1．in，on，at
介词用法举例
at
时间的某一时刻，即：具体的“点”。

at half past ten在十点半at one o'clock
在一点
某个节日期间(不仅仅是当天)。

at Christmas在圣诞节
at the Spring Festival在春节
习惯用法和固定搭配。

at last在最后
at first起初
at lunch在午饭时间
at noon在中午
at night在晚上
at the age of在……岁时at the end of在……最后
on
表示具体的某日(月份或星期)。

on September 1st 在9月1号
on Mondays/weekdays在星期一/工作日
表示某个特定的上午、下午、晚上。

on Saturd ay morning/after­noon在周六早
上/下午；
on a cold morning在一个寒冷的早晨
具体(限定)的日子或节日的当天。

on National Day在国庆节on Christmas Day在圣诞节
in
较长的一段时间(如：世纪、年代、季节、月
份等)。

in the 21century在21世纪
in2009在2009年
in summer在夏季
in July of 202X在202X年7月
泛指在上下午、傍晚、白天等。

in the morning/afternoon/evening/day在
上午/下午/晚上/白天
习惯搭配。

in the future在将来
in the end最后
in class在课堂上
in a minute一分钟后
口诀记忆
年月周前要用in，具体日子却不行；
遇到几号要用on，上午下午又用in；
要说某日上下午，用on替换in才行；
午夜黄昏和黎明，只用at不用in，at也在时分前。

2．in，after，before
介词用法举例
in “in＋时间段”表示“(将
来)……以后”。

They will finish the work
in an hour.他们一个小时后
将完成工作。

after
与将来时连用表示“……之后”，后接时间点。

He'll come back after two o'clock.他两点后将回来。

与过去时连用表示“……之后”，后接时间段。

He got back from the US after two weeks.两周后他从
美国返回了。

before 表示“在……之前”。

Wash hands before dinner.
饭前要洗手。

二、地点、方位介词的辨析和用法
1．at，on，in
介词用法例句
at
用于较小的场所前(如：建筑物，公共机
关等)。

at home在家
at the station在车站
用于门牌号码前。

at 403 Avenue Street在403林荫街道in
用于较大的地方前(如：国家、城市、乡
镇、地域等)。

in the city在城市in Guilin在桂林in China在中国
在周围的环境是立体的地方(即：
)。

in a forest在森林里
in the classroom在教室里
用于某些习语中。

in the sky在天空上in space在空间
on
与……表面相接触(即：)。

on the floor在地板上在任何广阔的面上。

on the farm/moon在农场/在月亮上2.over，above，under，below
介词用法图示例句
over “在……正上方”，表
示两者不接触。

We can build a bridge
over the river.我们
可以在河上建一座桥。

under “在……正下方”，表
示两者不接触。

My cat is lying under
the chair.我的猫正躺
在椅子下面。

above “在……的上方”，表
示两者不接触，不一定
垂直。

The plane is flying
above the clouds.飞
机在云层上飞行。

below “在……的下方”，表
示两者不接触，不一定
垂直。

The coat reaches
below the knees.
那件大衣盖过膝盖。

三、方式、手段或工具介词的辨析和用法
介词用法例句
with 后跟具体的工具，与后面的名词或代词构
成介词短语，指“借助于，用”，后面跟
I often do my h­ome work with a pen.
我经常用钢笔写家庭作业。

人称代词时表示“和……一起”，表示伴随状况，在句中做状语。

此外，with还可以表示“带有，具有”。

in 表示使用某种语言，用墨水、颜色、颜料
等原料，在名词前不加冠词。

Can you say it in English？你能用英
语说吗？
Please write it in ink.请用墨水把它
写下来。

by 表示某种方式或手段，在名词前不加
冠词。

This pair of shoes is made by hand.
这双鞋是手工制作的。

on 表示借助、通过某一器械、机器，在
名词前一般加冠词the。

I could do all my work on the co­
mputer.我能在电脑上完成所有的工
作。

四、其他常见介词的用法
1．over“遍及；超过”如：
There are over two hundred people in the park.公园里有两百多人。

My friends are over the world.我的朋友遍天下。

2．against“反对”如：
We will play against them this afternoon.今天下午我们跟他们比赛。

3．into“在……里”如：
Mr.White came into the classroom with a smile.怀特先生面带笑容走进教室。

4．from“从……”如：
We go to school from Monday to Friday.我们从星期一到星期五上学。

5．for“为，给”如：
Mother bought a pen for me.妈妈给我买了一支钢笔。

6．of“……的”如：
a map of China一幅中国地图
7．without“没有”如：
He often goes to work without breakfast.他经常不吃早餐就去上班。

8．to“给，对，到，往”如：
go to school上学；give a kite to me把风筝给我；from here to the park从这里到公园
介词短语
【考点抢测】
( )1.Welcome to our school，ladies and gentlemen.________ start with，I'd like to introduce myself. A．To B．At C．With D．On
( )2.The man tried several times to start the car，and he succeeded ________ the end.
A．at B．in C．on D．by
( )3.David suddenly felt nervous.________ all，it was his first time to go on stage.
A．At B．After C．By D．In
( )4.The charity provides homeless people ________ food and clothes.
A．with B．for C．as D．to
( )5.Hearing from this good news，her eyes are filled ________ tears.
A．on B．at C．with D．in
( )6.The coat is made ________ animal's fur.That is cruel.
A．of B．for C．from D．in
【满分点拨】
介词＋名词at home在家里；at school在学校；at noon在中午；at night 在晚上；at work在工作；at sea在大海上；at the same time 同时；at times有时；at breakfast早餐时；at midnight 在午夜；at the moment在此刻；after a while过了一会by bus乘公共汽车；by the way顺便说；by the time到……时候；by turns轮流；by mistake错误地；by the door在
门口
in hospital住院；in the hospital在医院；in the end 最后；in order整整齐齐；in order to以便；in no time 很快就……；in the daytime在白天；in turn轮流；in time 及时；in front在前方；in English用英语；in the future 将来的某个时刻；in future(整个)将来；in fact事实上on the way在路上；on Sunday在星期天；on show展出；on display陈列；on fire着火；on duty值日；on the other
hand另一方面
on foot步行；on business出差；on board在船(飞机)上；on holiday在休假；on the telephone在接(打)电话；on time 准时；on the left/right在左边/右边；on sale在出售；
on watch值班；on the earth在地球上
with pleasure很乐意；with one's help在某人的帮助下
be
＋形容词
＋介词be amazed at对……感到惊讶；be angry with生(某人的)气；be afraid of害怕；be busy with忙于做……；be good
at擅长于；be full of充满
be excited about对……感到兴奋；be kind to对……和善；be interested in对……感兴趣
be famous for因……而著名；be late for迟到；be popular
with受……欢迎
be pleased with对……感到满意；be proud of对……感到骄傲；be ready for为……准备好；be satisfied with 对……满意；be worried about为……担心
动词＋介词agree with同意；ask for请求；begin with以……开始；
come from出生，来自；call at探访
die of死于；get on/off上车/下车；fill…with用……装；
fall off从……落下
hear from收到(某人)的信；hear of听说；look at看；go to bed去睡觉；go to school去上学；look for寻找；look
after照顾
listen to听……讲话；pay for付钱；point to指向；point at指着；send for派人去叫；run across碰到；talk about
谈论；think about考虑；wait for等候；write to写信
给……；worry about担心
laugh at嘲笑；fall behind落在……后面；knock at敲
介词＋名词＋介词at the foot of在……脚下；on the top of在……顶端；in the middle of在……中间；in the front of在……前面；in the east of在……东部
by means of借助；at the beginning of起初；by the end of到……为止；at the age of在……岁时；at the head of
在……前头
河北中考考点精练
( )1.(202X南京中考)In the picture，the chair is________ the table.
A．under B．on C．above D．beside
( )2.(202X重庆中考A卷)A terrible earthquake happened in Nepal ________ April 25th，202X.
A．on B．in C．at D．from
( )3.(202X潍坊中考)You must be careful when you swim________ the lake.
A．across B．below
C．over D．through
( )4.(202X安徽中考)The Dragon Boat Festival this year will come ________ four days.
A．after B．for C．during D．in
( )5.(202X连云港中考)It is great________ us to get so many favorite books on International Children's Book Day.
A．to B．with C．of D．for
( )6.(202X临沂中考)For many Western people，they drink cold water even________ winter.
A．on B．for C．at D．in
( )7.(202X资阳中考)When I got into the room，Green was talking ________ the phone.
A．on B．with C．to D．in
( )8.(202X保定8中模拟)This photo reminded the old man ________ the days when he was young.
A．with B．for C．by D．of
( )9.(202X宜昌中考)—Many teenagers put mobile gaming ________ other things and spend too much time on it.
—That's really bad.
A．up to B．as for
C．ahead of D．along with
( )10.(202X抚顺中考)It's impolite for a guest to leave________ saying goodbye.
A．with B．without
C．after D．for
( )11.(202X石家庄20中模拟)The traffic accident happened ________ Saturday. Luckily，no one was hurt.
A．at B．in C．on D．for
( )12.(202X衡水三模)Kamin sat on the side of the river cooking a meal，________ a bird on his
head.
A．from B．into C．about D．with
( )13.(202X保定二模)The bird's singing came into our room ________ the window and woke me up in the early morning.
A．down B．from
C．through D．across
( )14.(202X张家口中考模拟)Healthy eating ________ regular exercise is the best way to keep fit.
A．less than B．instead of
C．such as D．together with
( )15.(202X保定实验中学模拟)We'll play basketball ________ Class 3 tomorrow.
A．over B．against
C．to D．for
( )16.(202X原创预测)________ our surprise.MH370 has not been found since it was lost on March 8，202X.
A．With B．In C．To D．By
( )17.(202X承德2中模拟)The blind man walked across the street ________ the help of a boy.
A．by B．at C．in D．with
( )18.(202X原创预测)Some workers in that factory have to work ________ night.
A．at B．for C．with D．among
( )19.(202X原创预测)Everyone wants to win.But ________ me，the most important thing is to learn something new and have fun.
A．as for B．thanks to
C．instead of D．such as
( )20.(202X原创预测)Mr.Green's office is ________ the 26th floor.You can take the lift there.
A．at B．in C．on D．for。