美国文学 霍桑介绍Nathaniel Hawthorne
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• Evil exists in the human heart • Everyone possesses some evil secret • Everyone seems to cover up his innermost evil • Evil seems to be man’s birthmark • Sin will eventually get punished • Evil educates • Overweening intellect—source of evil
Major works
• 1837-1842: Twice-Told Tales 《故事重述》 • 1846: Mosses from an Old Manse 《古宅青苔》 • 1850: The Scarlet Letter《红字》 • 1851: The House of the Seven Gables 《带七个尖角阁的房子》 • 1852: The Blithedale Romance《福谷传奇》
Early life influences on Hawthorne
• Salem - early childhood, later work at the Custom House. • Puritan family background - one of his forefathers was Judge Hathorne, who presided over the Salem witchcraft trials, 1692. • Belief in the existence of the devil. • Belief in determinism宿命论.
5. Allegory(寓言)
◇ Hawthorne often achieved allegory by placing characters in a situation outside of the ordinary. eg. Young Goodman Brown《小伙子布朗》
Thank you !
3. Human Isolation（人之孤独）
◇ Human beings are born to be lonely.They defend their pride and selfishness for different reasons. A character is in a state of isolation because of self-cause, or societal cause, or a combination of both.
Writing Styles
1. Dark Romanticism 2. Symbolism 3. Psycho-analysis 4. Ambiguity 5. Allegory(寓言) 6. Visual Description（视觉描写）
1. Dark Romanticism
◇ His works belong to dark romanticism, with cautionary tales(警示性故事) that suggest that guilt, sin, and evil are the most inherent natural qualities of humanity. ◇ Supernatural
2. Symbolism
◇ Hawthorne used various symbols to imply themes of adultery, sins, and human morality. •Example in The Scarlet Letter:
Adultery (shame) Ability (sympathy) Angel (admiration)
Themes
1. Dark View of Human Nature（人性之“恶”） 2. Morality and Sin（道德 & 罪恶） 3. Human Isolation（人之孤独）
1.Dark View of Human Nature（人性之“恶”）
◇ Human beings are evil-natured and sinful， and this sin and evil is ever present in human heart and will pass on from one generation to another.
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Nathaniel Hawthorne(1804-1864) （纳撒尼尔·霍桑）
Contents
Life Major works
Themes Writing styles
Life
• Birthplace: Salem, Massachusetts • Family background: a family with a long Puritan tradition; father died when he was only 4 years old; mother relied on relatives in rearing her four children • Education: reading extensively by his midteens and aspired to be a writer; from 1821-1825, he studied at Bowdoin college in Maine.
3. Psycho-analysis
◇ Psychological truth was more important than actual truth. ◇ Explored the complexity of human psychology through the characters’ inner struggle
2.Morality and Sin（道德
& 罪恶）
◇ Man will get punished one way or another for his sin but can also be saved by his gooddeeds and self- improvement. ◇ One has to work and strive against temptation in order to win salvation(拯救). There could be no magic carriage which would enable one to reach heaven without toil or trouble.
Features of his works
• Setting ： Puritan New amp; Sin
• Idea ： "Black vision" toward human beings
• Technique
： symbolism
Black Vision :
4. Ambiguity
◇ It’s a deliberate poetic device (language feature): to signify two or more distinct references, or express two or more diverse attitudes or feelings by using a single word or expression. eg. She didn't take his tip.
Puritanism 清教主义
• Puritans came from the Established Church of England in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries. • They were so called because they wished to purify the forms and rituals of the Church. • Though it was pilgrims that first came to New England, yet Puritanism soon became the dominant faith with its rather gloomy outlook on life. • The Puritans held that man lived to suffer and he must toil mightily for the glory of God. • Their doctrine was widely known for its extremely rigid and strict morality. (original sins ,predestination,limited atonement)
Major works
• 1837-1842: Twice-Told Tales 《故事重述》 • 1846: Mosses from an Old Manse 《古宅青苔》 • 1850: The Scarlet Letter《红字》 • 1851: The House of the Seven Gables 《带七个尖角阁的房子》 • 1852: The Blithedale Romance《福谷传奇》
Early life influences on Hawthorne
• Salem - early childhood, later work at the Custom House. • Puritan family background - one of his forefathers was Judge Hathorne, who presided over the Salem witchcraft trials, 1692. • Belief in the existence of the devil. • Belief in determinism宿命论.
5. Allegory(寓言)
◇ Hawthorne often achieved allegory by placing characters in a situation outside of the ordinary. eg. Young Goodman Brown《小伙子布朗》
Thank you !
3. Human Isolation（人之孤独）
◇ Human beings are born to be lonely.They defend their pride and selfishness for different reasons. A character is in a state of isolation because of self-cause, or societal cause, or a combination of both.
Writing Styles
1. Dark Romanticism 2. Symbolism 3. Psycho-analysis 4. Ambiguity 5. Allegory(寓言) 6. Visual Description（视觉描写）
1. Dark Romanticism
◇ His works belong to dark romanticism, with cautionary tales(警示性故事) that suggest that guilt, sin, and evil are the most inherent natural qualities of humanity. ◇ Supernatural
2. Symbolism
◇ Hawthorne used various symbols to imply themes of adultery, sins, and human morality. •Example in The Scarlet Letter:
Adultery (shame) Ability (sympathy) Angel (admiration)
Themes
1. Dark View of Human Nature（人性之“恶”） 2. Morality and Sin（道德 & 罪恶） 3. Human Isolation（人之孤独）
1.Dark View of Human Nature（人性之“恶”）
◇ Human beings are evil-natured and sinful， and this sin and evil is ever present in human heart and will pass on from one generation to another.
批注本地保存成功开通会员云端永久保存去开通
Nathaniel Hawthorne(1804-1864) （纳撒尼尔·霍桑）
Contents
Life Major works
Themes Writing styles
Life
• Birthplace: Salem, Massachusetts • Family background: a family with a long Puritan tradition; father died when he was only 4 years old; mother relied on relatives in rearing her four children • Education: reading extensively by his midteens and aspired to be a writer; from 1821-1825, he studied at Bowdoin college in Maine.
3. Psycho-analysis
◇ Psychological truth was more important than actual truth. ◇ Explored the complexity of human psychology through the characters’ inner struggle
2.Morality and Sin（道德
& 罪恶）
◇ Man will get punished one way or another for his sin but can also be saved by his gooddeeds and self- improvement. ◇ One has to work and strive against temptation in order to win salvation(拯救). There could be no magic carriage which would enable one to reach heaven without toil or trouble.
Features of his works
• Setting ： Puritan New amp; Sin
• Idea ： "Black vision" toward human beings
• Technique
： symbolism
Black Vision :
4. Ambiguity
◇ It’s a deliberate poetic device (language feature): to signify two or more distinct references, or express two or more diverse attitudes or feelings by using a single word or expression. eg. She didn't take his tip.
Puritanism 清教主义
• Puritans came from the Established Church of England in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries. • They were so called because they wished to purify the forms and rituals of the Church. • Though it was pilgrims that first came to New England, yet Puritanism soon became the dominant faith with its rather gloomy outlook on life. • The Puritans held that man lived to suffer and he must toil mightily for the glory of God. • Their doctrine was widely known for its extremely rigid and strict morality. (original sins ,predestination,limited atonement)