2019-2020年高考英语北师大版一轮复习课时作业：语言朋友(31)

2019-2020年高考英语北师大版一轮复习课时作业：语言朋友（31）
Years ago, I was watching a detective show on TV where the fingerprints of a criminal are required.The hero invites the bad guy to his home and offers him a glass of water.The man takes the glass and drinks the water.After he leaves the hero dramatically brings out a handkerchief and picks up the glass.His expressions show the satisfaction at a job well done.The bad guy will soon be arrested.
At that time, I found it amazing－how can prints on a glass identify people? My dad explained that if you were to press your thumb on an inkpad and then on a sheet of white paper you will leave a smudge or print, which no one else in the world can make.The same would be true for each of your fingers.The Chinese were the first to use a fingerprint as a type of identification－it was used as a signature on important documents, although they had no way of independently matching it with the owner.
Each print is one­of­a­kind and no two people have the same characteristic.Scientists and criminologists (those who study criminal characteristics) determine the differences between fingerprints by a careful study of their curves and not by their general shape or pattern.
In 1892, an English scientist, Sir Francis Galton, published a book on using fingerprints to solve crimes.At the same time in Argentina, a police researcher Juan Vucetich was also working towards a fingerprint classification system.However, it was in 1896 that Sir Edward Henry, then serving as Inspector General of Police in India, developed the print classification system that would eventually be used globally.
Sir Edward Henry and his assistant Khan Haque discovered that all fingerprints could be systematically classified according to their general curve patterns.He divided them into three classes on the basis of their general pattern: loops (箕形纹), whorls (斗形纹), and arches (弓形纹)．By counting the curve between any two points in the pattern, each of the ten fingers could be classified into a particular group.Taking the group together as a unit you have a plete system of classifying fingerprints.
In June 1897, the world's first fingerprint bureau was set up in Calcutta and in 1901, Sir Edward Henry was appointed head of Scotland Yard in London, where he applied the system.This system, called the science of fingerprint identification, is still used
by police departments all over the world today with few changes.
解题导语：文章主要向我们介绍了指纹印证用于犯罪治理的过程。

1．The purpose of the first paragraph is to show________.
A．how a person's fingerprints are taken
B．how satisfied the hero was with his work
C．how careful detectives should be when working
D．how fingerprints are monly used to solve crimes
解析：细节理解题。

根据“I was watching a detective show on TV where the fingerprints of a criminal are required.”可知此段用于引出指纹被用来证实犯罪的事实，故选D。

答案：D
2．Fingerprints were first used in China to ________．
A．sign documents B．capture criminals
C．show respect D．prove identity
解析：细节理解题。

根据第二段“The Chinese were the first to use a fingerprint as a type of identification－it was used as a signature on important documents”可知中国人使用指纹是在签署文件的时候，故选A。

答案：A
3．In which country was today's fingerprint classification system developed?
A．China. B．Scotland.
C．Argentina. D．India.
解析：细节理解题。

根据第四段“it was in 1896 that Sir Edward Henry, then serving as Inspector General of Police in India, developed the print classification system that would eventually be used globally.”可知选D。

答案：D
4．Which of the following is true according to the passage?
A．The fingerprint classification system has experienced great changes.
B．For more than a century, fingerprints have been applied to crime solving.
C．Henry's fingerprint classification system was immediately accepted internationally.
D．By paring the general shape of two fingerprints, one can easily tell their difference.
解析：细节理解题。

根据最后一段“In June 1897, the world's first fingerprint bureau was set up in Calcutta and in 1901, Sir Edward Henry was appointed head of Scotland Yard in London, where he
applied the system.
”可知在100多年前指纹已经被应用于解决犯罪的问题，故选B。

答案：B
5．What is the best title for this passage?
A．Detectives and Criminals.
B．Scientists and Criminologists.
C．Fingerprints and Crime Solving.
D．Researchers and Fingerprint Patterns.
解析：主旨归纳题。

根据全文的内容可知主要叙述了指纹用于警察破案，故选C。

答案：C
语法填空
To do nothing is also a good treatment.In Hippocrates'(希波克拉底，医学之父) days, many doctors convinced sick people 6.________ (receive) unnecessary treatment.But Hippocrates believed that 7.________ you had real evidence that a medical treatment was helpful, you shouldn't use it.
In this age of advanced medicine, it's much 8.________ (hard) for doctors to resist doing tests or refuse to provide treatments－even if they're unnecessary.I often point out to my patients that the best treatment we have is time.If we don't know
9.________ to do, let's not just do “something”．Doctors have an automatic reaction to tests when 10.________ might even lead to harm.Back pain, for example, will often solve itself 11.________ three months with such simple remedies (治疗法) as ice, heat, and gentle exercise.
A patient may say, “Look, I 12.________ (suffer), and you have to do something，”13.________ puts the doctor under pressure.14.________ result is of course meaningless treatments.It certainly won't help, and it could cause an allergic­reaction.That is why it is 15.________ (extreme) important that patients and doctors work together to avoid needless tests or drugs.
解题导语：医学之父希波克拉底认为，医生没把握时，不作为也是不错的治疗方法。

6．解析：convince sb. to do sth.意为“说服某人做某事”。

答案：to receive
7．解析：根据语境推知，此处需要连词unless(除非)。

答案：unless
8．解析：much后用比较级。

句意：今天和希波克拉底时代相比，医生更难抗拒(为病人)做检测或是拒绝提供治疗。

答案：harder
9．解析：此处填what构成“what to do”作know的宾语。

注意不填how。

答案：what
10．解析：此处用代词they，指代上文的tests。

答案：they
11．解析：由语境可知，此处指“在3个月内，不出3个月”，故用within。

答案：within
12．解析：结合语境可知，此处病人说自己“正在受煎熬”，所以谓语动词用现在进行时。

答案：am suffering
13．解析：此处用which引导非限制性定语从句，which指代主句内容。

答案：which
14．解析：用定冠词the特指前文产生的结果。

答案：The
15．解析：用副词修饰形容词，故填extremely。

答案：extremely
.。