2020版高考英语一轮复习Unit21HumanBiology讲义北师大版选修7.doc

2020版高考英语一轮复习
Unit21HumanBiology讲义北师大版选修7 Unit 21 Human Biology 一课前自主学习Ⅰ.阅读单词知其意1．enhance vt. 增强；提高2．supreme adj. 程度最大的，极度的3．compulsory adj. 强制性的，义务的4．controversial adj. 有争议的5．contradict vt. 与其他事物相矛盾6．interpret vt. 翻译；解释7．acute adj. 严重的；剧烈的8．statistics n. 统计资料；统计数字9．adaptation n. 变化；变种10．mourn vi. stand; put up with等。

5．submit vt.提交；递交vi.服从，屈服[记牢] submit to 服从于；屈从于submit sb./oneself to 使某人/自己甘受；服从submit ...to ... 向提交[练通] 完成句子①The heroic people will never submit_to foreign rule. 英雄的人民决不会屈服于外国的统治。

②You must submit_yourself_to the traffic rules when driving. 开车时你必须遵守交通规则。

③I will submit_my_reports_to you as soon as possible. 我会尽快把报告提交给你。

[用准] 在submit ... to ...中，submit是及物动词，意为“呈交”；而在submit to中，submit是不及物动词，意为“服从”。

[写美] ④2014·辽宁高考书面表达除了出色的创意之外，你还需要向学生会提交一份报告，解释你是如何想到这
个点子的，以及你使用了哪些材料。

Along_with_your_wonderful_innovation,_you_need_to_submit _a_report_to_the_Student_Union,_explaining_how_the_idea_oc curs_to_you_and_what_materials_you_use. 6．seek sought，sought vt.寻找，寻求；追求；探求，探索；试图[记牢] seek sth.from sb. 向某人请求/寻求某物seek after/for sb./sth. 追求/寻找某人/某物seek one s fortune 找出路；碰运气seek out 找出；寻出seek to do sth. 试图做某事[练通单句语法填空①Half an hour later, he sought out his favorite toy in the basket, which made him very happy. ②He sought to_climb climb over the fence, but failed. ③The foreigners have sought
完成句子④If you want to_seek_for/after_success,_you must work hard. 如果你想追求成功，就必须努力工作。

⑤He told us that he was going to Beijing to_seek_his_fortune. 他告诉我们他要到北京碰碰运气。

[写美] ⑥2014·广东高考书面表达为了理解不同文化中成功生活的意义，理查德从2011年开始在世界各地寻找同年同月同日生的人。

In_order_to_understand_the_meaning_of_successful_life_in_dif
ferent_cultures,_Richard,_from_2011,_began_to_seek_after/for _time_twins_around_the_world. 7．equip vt.使有准备；配备；装备[记牢] 1equip ...with ... 用装备equip ...for sth./to do sth. 为做某事而装备be equipped for/to do sth. 为做某事装备好；做好准备equip sb. to do sth. 使某人能够做某事2equipment n．[U] 装备，设备[练通单句语法填空①My father always reminds me to equip myself for the future. ②Please equip yourself with a pencil and a rubber for the exam.
③His work experience equipped him to_deal deal with all kinds of people. ④Our school is equipped with much advanced
单句改错⑤Equipping with new scientific farming methods, they have been able to use less farmland than in the past.Equipping→Equipped ⑥I am going to buy telephone equipments for our company.equipments→equipment [写美] ⑦2018·全国卷Ⅲ书面表达此外，由于我们学校配备了各种设施，各种各样的体育活动才能够得以举办。

Moreover,_with_all_kinds_of_facilities_equipped_in_our_scho ol,_a_wide_range_of_sports_activities_are_able_to_be_held. 8．decline vi.vt.下降；衰退；谢绝n．下降；衰退[辨清] 写出下列句中decline的词性和含义①I invited her to my
wedding, but she declined my invitation. vt.谢绝②The company reported a small decline in its profits.n.下降③As is known to us all, industry in Britain has been on the decline since the 1970s.n.衰退[记牢] 1decline to do sth. 拒绝做某事decline to 下降/减少到decline by 下降/减少了2a decline in/of sth. 在某方面减少/下降in decline 下降on the decline 走下坡路，在衰退中fall/go into a decline 开始衰落，陷入衰退[练通单句语法填空④There has been a sharp decline in/of the amounts of sales this year. ⑤The number of tourists to the resort declined by 10 percent last month. ⑥The company, however, now declines to_comment comment further on the 完成句子⑦His health_fell_into_a_decline after he was injured in the accident. 在事故中受伤后，他的健康状况每况愈下。

⑧There s a widely-held belief that educational standards have_been_on_the_decline in the past few years. 人们普遍认为过去几年教育标准下降了。

[用准] decline后接不定式作宾语，一般不接动名词；decline表示“谢绝”时，已含有“拒绝接受”之意，所以其后一般不接to accept，以免语义重复。

[写美] ⑨2017·江苏高考书面表达然而，去年中国的经济增长率有所下降。

However,_China_saw_a_decline_in_its_economic_growth_rate _last_year. 9．fortune n．财产；大笔的钱；机会；运气[记牢] 1seek/try one s fortune 找出路；碰运气make a fortune 发财2fortunate adj. 幸运的；侥幸的＝lucky be fortunate to do sth. 有幸做某事3fortunately adv. 幸运地＝luckily [练通
单句语法填空①It was fortunate fortune enough that he found his lost wallet at last. ②What a difficult test Fortunately fortunate I had worked hard, otherwise I would have failed. ③She was fortunate enough to_find find a job as soon as she
完成句子④Many young people want to live in big cities to seek/try_their_fortune. 许多年轻人想在大城市里寻找出路。

⑤He made_a_fortune in the gold fields of South Africa. 他在南非的金矿里发了财。

[写美] ⑥2014·湖北高考书面表达幸运的是，她受伤不严重，我们把她送到了最近的医院。

Fortunately,_she_was_not_badly_injured_and_we_sent_her_to_ the_nearest_hospital. [词汇过关综合训练] Ⅰ.单词拼写1．Most babies can digest 消化a wide range of food easily. 2．The flight was postponed 延期because of the thick fog.
3．You should seek 寻求advice from your lawyer on this matter. 4．Under the circumstances 情况, we must rely on ourselves. 5．They were accused of abusing 滥用their power to keep prices artificially high. 6．As we all know, soil is fundamental 根本的to the growth of the plants. 7．The disappearance of jobs is a symptom 征兆of a deeper social economic change. 8．Due to bad management, company profits have been declining 下降over the last three years. 9．This weekly 每周一次的schedule may not solve all of your problems, but it will make you aware of how you spend your time. 10．With such a short time left before the deadline 最后日期, it is unlikely for John to finish the job on time. Ⅱ.单句语法填空1．I am very much opposed to permitting permit him to go alone. 2．Let s postpone making make a decision until we have more information. 3．He has declined to_come come and in that case we can ask somebody else. 4．Having been used to warm climate, Li Ming can t tolerate living live in such a cold place. 5．We seek to_find find a way to make us get along well with the people around us. 6．If you want to share a story of your pets with the readers，you need to submit it to Smart Animals. 7．You must carry the necessary equipment equip with you，since it s all but impossible to find natural substitutes. 8．We shared the belief
that if you re fortunate fortune enough to have success, you should put something back. 9．He threw himself in front of the door and prohibited us from leaving. 10．Our parents are concerned concern about our health and future. Ⅲ.单句改错1．He made fortune in his business trade on the Internet last year.made后加a 2．The number of population in that country is now in the decline.去掉第二个the 3．I oppose to destroy the relics, because of its fame around the world and its long history since 1906._destroy→destroying 4．The tobacco retail businessmen were strictly prohibited selling cigarettes to young men under 18.selling前加from 5．He gave away his all money to buy some equipments for the new school.equipments→equipment Ⅳ.完成句子1．I oppose/am_opposed_to_going_shopping on Sundays for it is too crowded. 我反对星期天去购物，因为太拥挤了。

2．I must remind you that at no time will_the_school_tolerate_cheating_in_exams. 我必须提醒你，学校绝不会容忍考试作弊。

3．I didn t know why the boy declined_to_answer a question. 我不知道那个男孩为什么拒绝回答问题。

4．They always look for excuses to postpone_doing_something. 他们总是找借口推迟做某事。

5．We are_submitting_the_proposal_to the committee for their approval. 我们正把建议提交委员会审批。

一课前自主学习1．in_vain 徒然，白费力气2．at_random 随便地，随意地3．at_all_costs 不管多大代价4．straight_away [串记1] 立刻，马上5．wipe_out 彻底毁灭6．stop_sth._in_its_tracks 终止；消灭7．rob_sb.of_sth. 抢劫某人某物8．at_any_rate 无论如何；至少9．get_down_to [串记2] 开始做10．bring_up 教育；抚养；呕吐11．get_through 通过考试；完成12．clear_up [串记3] 放晴；解释；澄清13．put_off 推迟；延期14．miss_out 遗漏；遗忘；错过机会15．focus_on 聚焦；集中；对准[同根短语串记] 串记1.“立即，即刻”短语全接触①at once立即②right now/away立刻③straight away立刻，马上④in no time立刻，马上⑤in a flash即刻⑥in an instant立即；马上串记2.“开始/着手做某事”短语精选①get down to doing sth.
②set out to do sth. ③set about doing sth. ④settle down to sth.
⑤start/begin doing/to do sth. 串记3.clear短语荟萃①clear up解释；澄清；放晴②clear away把收拾整洁③clear off 溜掉，离开④clear out把清理干净1．track and field 田径运动2．athletic performances 运动成绩3．in the wrong hands 错误地4．the desire to succeed 获得成功的愿望5．beyond their natural limits 超出了自然极限6．thorough and
systematic medical research 全面系统的医学研究7．the issue of performance-enhancing drugs 提高成绩的药物问题8．with all the international effort being made 随着国际间的共同努力9．pass the virus to people 把病毒传染给人们1．It_is_compulsory_for_winners_to_be_tested_ but other participants are only tested at random. 获胜者要强制性地进行检查，而其他参与者只是随机地检查。

2．The Olympic spirit the spirit of competition which emphasises taking part rather_than winning has been violated by the desire to succeed at all costs. 人们不惜任何代价想获胜的愿望违背了重在参与而不是获胜的奥林匹克精神。

3．Having killed up to 50 million people in 18 months, with a tendency to strike the young and fit rather than the old, the_Spanish_Flu_is_believed_to__have_been the most acute epidemic in history. 西班牙流感在18个月内使多达5千万人丧命，并且发病的倾向为年轻力壮的人而不是老年人，它被认为是历史上最严重的流行性传染病。

[学考对接·活学活用] 高考采撷一阅读中的词块与句式1．2016·江苏高考阅读BA third reason is that social intelligence develops in children before their general cognitive 认知的skills, at least when compared with chimps.用本单元短语替换加黑词汇at_any_rate 2．2015·陕西高考阅读DPrevious
generations concentrated on getting children to school on time, fed, dressed and ready to learn.用本单元短语替换加黑词汇focused_on 高考采撷二写作中的词块与句式根据汉语及提示翻译句子1．2018·全国卷Ⅱ书面表达希望你不要错过这次活动。

我相信通过影片你能更好地了解我们学校。

miss out Hopefully,_you_don t_miss_out_the_activity.I_have_the_confidence_that_you_will_ know_our_school_better_through_the_film. 2．2018·全国卷Ⅰ书面表达此外，你最好带一些小礼物，比如一本书．It is＋adj.＋for sb.＋to do ... Furthermore,_it_is_advisable_for_you_to_bring_some_small_gi fts,_like_a_book. 二课堂重点释疑[短语集释] 1．at any rate 无论如何；不管怎样；反正，至少[记牢] at this/that rate 照此情形；如此下去at the/a rate of 以的速度或比率；以的价格[练通] 完成句子①You should make an adjustment about your behaviors at_any_rate. 你至少应该对你的行为作出调整。

②At_this_rate,_we won t make it to the destination before
5 o clock. 照此情形，5点之前我们是不能到达目的地的。

③The driver was driving at_the/a_rate_of 100 kilometres an hour on the free way. 司机在高速公路上以每小时100公里
的速度开车。

[写美] ④2014·湖北高考书面表达在我看来，我们中的每个人无论如何都应该尽力帮助那些需要帮助的人。

In_my_opinion,_every_one_of_us_should_try_our_best_to_hel p_those_in_need_at_any_rate. 2．wipe out彻底毁灭；全部摧毁[记牢] wipe away 擦掉，清除掉wipe sth. off/from 从上擦去某物；勾销债务等wipe sth. with sth. 用擦wipe up 擦干净[练通] 完成句子①The storm wiped_the_building_out only in two hours. 在仅仅两个小时之内，暴风雨就把那座建筑物毁坏了。

②He wiped__away the sweat from his brow with the back of his hand. 他用手背擦掉了额头上的汗水。

③The flowing water wiped_the_pictures_drawn_by_children_off/from the sand. 流动的水把孩子们画的画从沙子上擦掉。

④I wiped_up_the_ground after children left the room. 孩子们离开房间后，我把地上的东西擦干净了。

[写美] ⑤2015·江苏高考书面表达交通问题是一个很难解决的问题。

它不仅影响我们的日常生活，而且还可能毁灭人们的生活。

The_traffic_issue_is_a_hard_nut_to_crack.It_not_only_affects_ our_everyday_life,_but_may_also_wipe_out_people s_life. 3．at all costs无论如何，不管多大代价[记牢] at the cost/expense of ... 牺牲；以为代价at a cost of ... 以的费用/价格at any cost ＝at all costs 在任何情况下；无论如何at cost 按成本价[练通] 完成句子①Economic growth must not be achieved at_the_cost_of environment or resources. 发展经济绝不能以破坏环境、浪费资源为代价。

②The work is so urgent that we must finish it before 6 at_all_costs/at_any_cost. 这项工作如此紧急，以至于我们无论如何得在6点前完成。

③You can buy the books at_cost on the Internet. 你可以在网上以成本价买到这些书。

[写美] ④2015·安徽高考书面表达如果我能采访他，无论如何我也要问问他是什么使他成为一名宇航员的。

If_I_could_interview_him,_I_would_ask_him_what_made_him _an_astronaut_at_all_costs. [句式集释] 1．It is＋adj.＋for sb. to do [教材原句] It_is_compulsory_for_winners_to_be_tested but other participants are only tested at random. [悟拓展例句] 12017·江苏高考
It_would_be_difficult_for_developed_countries_to_maintain the size of population. 对发达国家来说那将很难维持人口规模。

2It_is_very_clever_of_them to make good use of the Internet. 他们很聪明，能充分利用互联网。

[析用法规则] 用法归纳1“It is＋adj.＋for sb. to do ...”结构中的形容词仅仅描述事物。

这类形容词有difficult, easy, hard, important, dangerous, impossible等。

2“It is＋adj.＋of sb.to do ...”结构中的形容词描述不定式行为者的性格、品质。

这类形容词有kind, good, right, clever, foolish, stupid, wise, rude 等。

注意事项1若形容词是对不定式行为者的品格进行评价时用of sb.，反之用for sb.。

2of后面的名词或代词与前面的形容词有逻辑上的主表关系；而for后面的名词或代词与前面的形容词无逻辑上的主表关系。

[背写作佳句] 12017·北京高考满分作文It is wise of us to make a video to record our experiences at school.开头句22017·全国卷Ⅰ满分作文It s difficult for a foreign learner to understand the true meaning and culture of Tang poems.要点句32018·全国卷Ⅱ满分作文It will be not only meaningful but
also interesting for you to enjoy the movie.要点句2．并列连词rather than [教材原句] The Olympic spirit the spirit of competition which emphasises taking part rather_than winning has been violated by the desire to succeed at all costs. [悟拓展例句] 1Nowadays some teenagers prefer_to_chat online with strangers rather_than_talk_with their parents face to face. 如今，一些青少年宁愿在网上与陌生人闲谈也不愿与父母面对面谈话。

22014·陕西高考We would rather our daughter stayed_at_home_with_us,_but it is her choice, and she is not a。