高三英语复习被动语态培优题(附答案)

高三英语复习被动语态培优题(附答案)
一、单项选择被动语态
1．I want to buy that kind of cloth because I ______ the cloth ______ well.
A．have told；washes B．have been told；washes
C．was told；washed D．have been told；is washed
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】
考查语态时态。

句意：因为我已经被告知这种布料很好洗，于是我想去买这种布。

第一空中使用现在完成时表示过去发生的事情对现在的影响，且I与tell是被动关系，所以使用现在完成时的被动形式。

第二空中动词wash与副词well连用，用主动形式表示被动含义。

故B项正确。

【点睛】
小题2中考查了主动表示被动的用法，涉及“主语+不及物动词+主语补语”句型中的一些不及物动词使用主动表示被动的用法。

具体用法如下：
1)系动词没有被动形式,但有些系动词常表示被动意义。

常见的有taste(吃起来), sound (听起来), prove(证明是), feel(摸上去感到)等,例如:
Your reason sounds reasonable. 你的理由听起来很合理。

Good medicine tastes bitter to the mouth. 良药苦口。

2)一些与can't(不能)或won't(不会)连用的动词。

常用的有: lock(锁住), shut(关上) , open （打开，营业）, close（关门）, cut（切割）, weigh（重）, act（上演）,例如:
The door won't open. 这门打不开。

It can't move. 它不能动。

This shop opens much earlier than it used to. Each stone weighs 2 tons.
3)一些与well(很), easily(容易地), perfectly(十分地)等连用的动词,如: sell, wash, clean, burn, cook, wash, write, last, read, wear等。

这种“动词+副词”结构，常表示事物内部特有的属性。

例如:
The book sells well. 这种书很畅销。

These clothes wash well. 这些衣服很耐洗。

4) 用在“主语+不及物动词+主语补语”句型中的一些不及物动词,
例如:This material has worn thin.这料子已磨薄了。

The dust has blown into the house.灰尘被风吹进了房子。

This kind of cloth washes well and lasts long.
The pen my father gave me as a birthday gift writes smoothly.
Written in simple English, this article reads easily.
5) 某些不及物动词，如happen, occur, cost以及短语，如come out（出版）, come up （出现）, come into being（产生）come to one’s mind（想起）, turn out（证明是）, come about（发生）, break out（爆发）, belong to（属于）等，本身表被动含义，所以它们常用主动形式。

The first textbooks written for teaching English as a foreign language came out in the
18th century.
Suddenly an idea came to his mind. It never occurred to me to phone you.
2．The affairs of each country should be by its own people.
A．elected B．settled
C．developed D．contained
【答案】B
【解析】考查动词。

句意为：各国事务应由自己国家的人们解决。

由句意可知，选settle，意为“解决”。

elect选举；develop 发展；contain 包含，控制。

故选B。

3．At the awarding ceremony held in Tokyo, the scientists were surprised by what ______ in science and technology.
A．has discovered B．has been discovered
C．had discovered D．had been discovered
【答案】D
【解析】句意：在东京举行的颁奖仪式上，科学家们惊讶于科学技术的发现。

科学家们感到惊讶是过去式，故科学技术发现用过去完成时，what于动词discover是被动关系，故选D。

4．—The window is dirty.
—I know. It ________ for weeks.
A．hasn’t cleaned B．didn’t clean
C．wasn’t cleaned D．hasn’t been cleaned
【答案】D
【解析】
【详解】
本题考查时态和语态。

解题步骤：1. 确定时态：这里表达过去没有擦窗户的事情对现在的影响就是窗户很脏，现在完成时可以表示过去发生的事情对现在的影响，也可以表示过去发生的事情持续到现在。

2. 确定语态：主语it与谓语clean为被动关系。

句意：—窗户很脏。

—我知道，这些窗户已经很几个星期没有被擦了。

故选D。

5．With more forests being destroyed, huge quantities of good earth ________ each year.
A．is washing away B．is being washed away
C．are washing away D．are being washed away
【答案】D
【解析】
【详解】
本题考查现在进行时的被动语态和主谓一致。

解题步骤：1. 确定谓语单复数：根据quantity的用法，quantities of和a quantity of后面都可加不可数名词与可数名词复数，但
它们作主语时，quantities of...后面的谓语动词用复数，而a quantity of...的谓语动词用单数，故排除A、D项。

2. 确定第二空：随着森林的被毁，土壤正在被冲走，故应该用现在进行时的被动语态。

句意：随着森林的被毁，大量的优质土壤每年都被冲走。

综上，故选D项。

【名师点拨】
quantities of和a quantity of后面加可数名词复数，做主语时后面的谓语动词用复数形式；quantities of后面加不可数名词，做主语时后面的谓语动词用复数形式；a quantity of后面加不可数名词，做主语时后面的谓语动词用单数形式。

rge quantities of money have been sent there大量的钱已经被送到那里；A large quantity of money has been wasted.大量的钱已经被浪费；2.A large quantity of books have been offered to us.大量的书已经提供给我们； Quantities of nuts are on the table.大量的坚果在桌子上。

6．The plan for Xiongan New Area ______ officially on April 1, 2017.
A．announced B．was announced C．announces D．is announced
【答案】B
【解析】考查时态与被动语态。

句意：设立雄安新区的计划在2017年4月1日被官方宣布。

计划是被官方宣布，故用被动语态；动作发生在过去，故用一般过去时的被动语态。

故选B。

7．Please wear your best clothes on Monday, as your class photos ______ then.
A．will take B．will be taken C．have taken D．have been taken
【答案】B
【解析】考查时态和语态。

句意：请在星期一穿上你最好的衣服，因为那时你们班将拍照。

根据语境可知，动作发生在将来，并且是被动，故用一般将来时态的被动语态。

故选B。

8．When I got to his house, I found that the walls _____ .
A．are being painted B．are painting
C．were being painted D．were painting
【答案】C
【解析】考查过去进行时态的被动语态。

句意：当我到达他家的时候，我发现墙正在被粉刷。

根据句意可知用过去进行时态的被动语态，故选C。

9．103．When you visit our town next August, a modern sports center ________, for the National Games are to be held then.
A．will be constructing B．will have been constructed
C．has been constructing D．is being constructed
【答案】B
【解析】考查将来完成时态的被动语态。

句意：明年八月当你访问我们城镇的时候，一个
现代化的体育中心将已经被建成，因为那时全国运动会将被举行。

根据时间状语next August，排除C，D两项，再根据a modern sports center和construct是被动关系，排除A 项，用将来完成时态的被动语态。

故选B项。

10．—I wonder why Robert hasn’t shown up at the interview yet. It’s a pity if he missed
—I’m not sure, but he _______ in a traffic jam riding here.
A．could stuck B．should stuck
C．must have stuck D．might have been stuck
【答案】D
【解析】
考查含情态动词的被动语态。

上句：我想知道为什么罗伯特面试还没有出现。

如果他错过了很可惜。

下句：我不确定，但是他可能被困于交通堵塞。

此处表示对过去已经发生事情的推测应该用情态动词的完成式，根据句意可知是被动，故答案为D。

11．A rescue worker risked his life saving two tourists who ________ in the mountains for two days.
A．are trapping B．have been trapped
C．were trapping D．had been trapped
【答案】D
【解析】
考查语态和时态。

句意：一个救援人员冒着生命危险挽救了两个被困在山里两天的旅游者。

“who ___ in the mountains for two days”是定语从句，修饰two tourists，two tourists和trap之间是被动关系，该空应用被动语态。

由risked可知，营救人员救游客是过去的事情，被困两天发生在营救人员救了他们之前，即“过去的过去”，该空应用过去完成时态。

综上，D选项正确。

点睛：过去完成时表示过去某一时间或动作以前已经发生或完成了的动作，即“过去的过去”，其表达形式为had done，被动语态的表达形式为had been done。

12．—Have you heard of yesterday's gas explosion?
—Yes. Only two of the 35 miners at the scene ________ to have made it out safely.
A．have thought B．are thought
C．had thought D．were thought
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】
考查时态语态。

句意：——你听说昨天的瓦斯爆炸了吗?——是的，在现场的35名矿工中，只有两名被认为安全获救。

此处指现在只有2个人被认为安全获救，用一般现在时的被动语态，故选B.
13．The officer commanded that everyone passing by ______ that day.
A．search B．would be searched
C．be searched D．must be searched
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】
考查虚拟语气。

句意：军官命令那天经过的人都被搜查。

command后面的宾语从句用虚拟语气，（should）+动词原形，此处everyone和search之间是被动关系，故答案为C。

14．—Are we about to having dinner?
—Yes, it ________ in the dining room.
A．serve B．is serving
C．is being served D．has been serving
【答案】C
【解析】考查时态和语态。

句意：——我们准备去吃饭吗？——是的，饭菜正在餐厅被供应。

it是指饭菜，和动作serve之间是被动关系，且动作正在进行，四个选项中只有C项是现在进行时的被动语态，故选C。

15．The way the guests ___ in the hotel influenced their evaluation of the service.
A．treated
B．were treated
C．would treat
D．would be treated
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】
考查时态和语态的用法。

句意：在旅馆里客人被对待的方式影响他们对服务的评价。

the guests ___ in the hotel是定语从句U，修饰The way，treat是从句的谓语动词，The guests 与treat之间是被动的关系，并且动作已经发生，所以用一般过去时的被动形式。

故选B。

16．— Why do you look very upset?
— The electricity was cut off suddenly and my essay ________ unfinished since.
A．was left B．has left
C．had been left D．has been left
【答案】D
【解析】
【详解】
考查时态语态。

句意：——你为什么看起来很沮丧？——突然停电了，那时我的文章就没写完。

句中leave与主语essay 构成动宾关系，要用被动形式；句中时间状语since表示从
那时起到现在文章一直没写完，是现在完成时态的时间状语。

故选D。

17．The old man was weak after the accident; so he ______ carefully by us.
A．must be take care of B．must take care of
C．must look after D．must be looked after
【答案】D
【解析】
【详解】
考查含情态动词的被动语态。

句意：事故发生后，老人很虚弱；所以他必须由我们仔细照顾。

固定词组：take care of/ looked after“照顾”；句子主语he和谓语动词之间是被动关系，所以这里是含情态动词的被动语态，“情态动词+be +过去分词”。

故选D。

18．Please don’t stand up in class until you ______.
A．were told to B．are told
C．are told to D．were told
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】
考查省略句。

句意：直到有人叫你站起来，你才可以在课堂上站起来。

在一定的上下文中，为了避免重复，动词不定式在句中可以被省略掉，但是要保留动词不定式的符号to。

分析句子可知，本句为一般现在时。

故C选项正确。

【点睛】
to代替不定式
在一定的上下文中，为了避免重复，动词不定式在句中可以被省略掉，但是要保留动词不定式的符号to。

to代替不定式，常同refuse, want, seem, intend, expect, hope, like, be afraid, prefer, care, oblige, forget, wish, try，tell等动词连用。

注意：如果不定式中含有be, have,或have been，一般要保留be, have或have been。

本句还原为：Please don’t stand up in class until you are to ld to stand up。

省略句为：Please don’t stand up in class until you are told to 。

故C选项正确。

19．An exhibition with 885 cultural relics to be displayed ________ at the Meridian Gate Gallery. A．was held B．would hold C．has hold D．will be held
【答案】D
【解析】
【分析】
考查时态语态。

【详解】
句意：午门画廊将展出885件文物。

上文中的to be displayed表将来，故本句为一般将来时。

且主语An exhibition与谓语动词hold构成被动关系，故用will be held。

故选D。

20．We must apply what we have learned to our work because in no case ______ from practice. A．should theory separate B．theory should be separated
C．theory should separate D．should theory be separated
【答案】D
【解析】
试题分析：句意：我们必须把我们学到的应用到实际生活中去，因为在任何情况下理论都不应该脱离实际。

这里是apply sth to sth把……应用到……，in no case在从句中的句首，所以应该用倒装，又因为theory与separate之间是被动关系，故选D。

考点：考查倒装的用法。

点评：本题难度适中。

倒装是高中阶段的重要的语法项目，它们的各种情况比较多，需要考生牢记它们的用法，但是在从句中的这种倒装更增加了试题的难度。

即学即练：Can you explain_______most deserts are located near the west coast of the continents?
A. why is it that
B. why it is that
C. how it is that
D. how is it that
解析：B。

句意：由句子结构可知，强调句型“it is ...that”对宾语从句的引导词进行强调，应用陈述语序，再由句意可知，选B。

21．Our society would be better off but for the fact that the economy ________ by the current global financial crisis.
A．had been affected B．were affected
C．should be affected D．is affected
【答案】D
【解析】
【详解】
考查时态和语态。

句意：如果不是经济受到当前全球金融危机的影响，我们的社会会更好。

此处表示一种客观事实，且the economy和affect之间是一种被动关系，所以that引导的同位语从句中用一般现在时态的被动语态，故答案为D。

22．Shakespeare’s play Hamlet into at least ten different films over the past years. A．had been made B．was made
C．has been made D．would be made
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】
考查动词的时态与语态。

句意：在过去的几年里，莎士比亚的戏剧《哈姆雷特》至少被拍成了十部不同的电影。

over the past years表示的是从过去到现在的动作，所以句子用现在完成时；Shakespeare’s play Hamlet与谓语make为被动关系，因此选择现在完成时被动语
态。

故选C。

23．A number of foreigners______ to watch the 70th anniversary of the founding of the PRC on Oct.1".
A．Attracted B．have attracted
C．was attracted D．were attracted
【答案】D
【解析】
【详解】
考查动词时态语态。

句意：10月1日，一些外国人被吸引来观看中华人民共和国成立70周年纪念活动。

分析句子可知，attract是谓语动词，由时间状语on Oct.1可知，用一般过去时，主语foreigners与attract是被动关系，故用一般过去时的被动语态，且主语foreigners是复数，故选D。

24．You’d better communicate with each other sincerely, and I hope to see your conflict
________ tomorrow.
A．was to be solved B．has been solved
C．will have been solved D．had been solved
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】
考查时态和语态。

句意：你们彼此之间最好真诚地沟通，我希望明天你们的冲突能得到解决。

由时间状语tomorrow可知，此处应用将来时，conflict和solve之间为被动关系。

因此C项的将来完成时符合语境，表示在将来某一时间以前（明天结束之前）已经完成的动作。

故选C项。

25．The Palace Museum has put on many attractions since it ___________ in 2017.
A．had been rebuilt B．was rebuilt C．had rebuilt D．rebuilt
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】
考查动词时态语态。

句意：自从2017年重新修缮，故宫博物院内部已经增加了许多景点。

分析语境可知，重新修缮是过去某个具体时间点（2017年）发生的事情，应用一般过去时；此处也可用固定句型have/has done since…来理解，该句型中主句用完成时，since引导的从句使用一般过去时；故宫博物院是“被”相关人员修缮，应使用被动语态，was rebuilt 符合题意，故选B。

26．We didn’t play football yesterday.The match________.
A．was canceled B．is canceled
C．has canceled D．had canceled
【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】
考查时态语态。

句意：昨天我们没有踢足球，比赛取消了。

根据句意可知，match和cancel之间是被动关系，所以用被动语态；由yesterday可知，这是发生在过去的一件事情，故用一般过去时的被动语态，故选A。

27．With the development of science, more new technology ______ to the fields of IT.
A．has introduced B．is being introduced
C．is introduced D．was introduced
【答案】B
【解析】
试题分析：句意，随着科技的发展，更多新的技术被引进到IT领域。

表示现阶段正在进行的动作，用现在进行时。

且主语new technology与动作introduce之间是被动关系，用现在分词的被动语态，故选B。

考点：时态和语态考查题
点评：动词是谓语动所表示的动作或情况发生时间的各种形式。

英语动词有16种时态，但是常用的只有9种：一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、现在进行时、过去进行时、现在完成时、过去完成时、过去将来时、现在完成进行时。

当句子的主语是动作的执行者时，谓语的形式叫主动语态。

句子的主语是动作承受者时，谓语的形式叫被动作语态。

被动语态由助动词be + 过去分词构成，时态通过be 表现出来。

28．The accident which left 15 people on board dead ________ if both the angry female passenger and the bus driver had kept calm.
A．should have avoided B．should be avoided
C．could have avoided D．could have been avoided
【答案】D
【解析】
【详解】
考查“情态动词+完成式”。

句意：如果愤怒的女乘客和巴士司机保持冷静，这起导致15人死亡的事故本来是可以避免的。

could have done“本来能做而没有做”，且句子主语The accident和谓语动词avoid之间是被动关系，结合句意可知答案为D。

【点睛】
情态动词+ have done结构：
1.“must + have + 过去分词”表示对过去发生的事情或状态进行推测，语气比较坚定，通常只用于肯定句。

如：It must have rained last night,for the ground is wet.
2.“can / could + have + 过去分词”表示对过去某种情况的怀疑或不确定。

can和could一般用于否定句和疑问句，could的语气较can弱。

如：He can't have finished the work so soon.
3.“may / might + have + 过去分词”表示对已发生的动作或存在的状态进行不肯定的推测，might的语气比may弱一点。

这种结构主要用于肯定句和否定句，疑问句改用can或could。

如：They may not have known it beforehand.
4.“need + have + 过去分词”表示过去做了不必做或不需要做的事情，或过去做某事纯属多余。

如：I needn't have bought so much wine—only five people came.
5.“sh ould / ought to + have + 过去分词”表示过去本该做某事但没做，其否定式表示过去不该做某事但做了，这种句式含有不满或责备之意，ought to的语气比should强一些。

如：You ought to / should have studied harder. 你本应该更努力学习的.（但没有）
He oughtn't to / shouldn't have done that. 他本来就不该做那件事.（可是做了）
6.“would ＋ have ＋过去分词”表示对过去的某种情况进行猜测，或本来要做某事却因某种原因未做成，通常用来说明某一情况，但不像用should或ought to那样含有责备之意。

如：
I guess the poet would have been about twenty when she wrote her first poem.
Another worker wouldn't have acted like that.
29．If the new safety system _______ to use, the accident would never have happened. A．had been put B．were put C．should be put D．would be put
【答案】A
【解析】
【分析】
【详解】
考查虚拟语气。

句意：如果这个新的安全系统被投入使用过的话，这个事故就不会发生了。

根据主句确定是对过去情况的虚拟，所以从句谓语用had done形式，此外根据句意可知是被动，用被动语态，故A项是正确的。

【点睛】
英语中的三种语气，语气是动词的一种形式，用来说明我们对自己的话所采取的态度。

陈述语气（疑问，否定，肯定，感叹）祈使语气（命令，要求，建议，警告）虚拟语气：不可能发生的事，愿望，建议，与事实相反的假设等.虚拟语气在条件中的具体用法真实条件句If you work hard,you’ll surely pass the exam.虚拟条件句（假设情况不存在，实现机会很小）If I were a bird, I could fly freely in the sky.if从句的谓语动词主句谓语动词1.与现在事实相反动词过去式（be一律用were）would/could/might/should+动词原形2.与过去事实相反had donewould/could/might/should+have done3.与将来事实可能相反a.动词过去式（be一律用were）b.should+动词原形（不能用would）c.were to+动词原形
would/could/might/should+动词原形与现在事实相反if从句：动词过去式（be---were）主句：would/could/might/should+动词原形If we had time, we would go with you.If I were you, I shouldn’t do that.If it weren’t raining, we wouldn’t stay.与过去事实相反if从句：had done主句：would/could/might/should+have doneIf the teacher hadn’t helped us, we couldn’t have succeeded.I could have done it better if I had been more careful.If he hadn’t been ill, he might have come.3.与将来事实可能相反if从句：a.动词过去式（be一律用were） b.should+动词原形（不能用would） c.were to+动词原形主句：would/could/might/should+动词原形If he came tomorrow, I would tell him everything.If it should rain tomorrow, I would stay at
home and watch TV.If it were to snow tomorrow, they would not go out.Should he come tomorrow, please give the book to him.错综时间条件句在虚拟语气中，有时条件从句动作发生的时间和主句动作发生的时间是不一致的，称为错综时间条件句。

这种句子的形式往往要根据句子的时间相调整，分别处理。

If you had spoken to him yesterday, you would know what to do now.If you had followed the doctor’s advice then, you would be all right now.If you had watered them more, the crops would be growing still better now.(有时时间会省略）含蓄条件句有时虚拟条件不用if条件从句，而用介词或介词短语来表示。

They would not be able to live without him.（如果没有）He would have failed but for his teacher’s timely advice.（要不是）=if it had not been forIf only you had worked with greater care!(要是......就好了）You would have done the same thing in her position.With a little more care you could have avoid the traffic accident.虚拟结合条件句在虚拟语气中，假设的情况有时间可以通过上下文或其他方式表现出来，并且虚拟的情况和真实的情况同时存在。

I was ill that day. Otherwise, I would have taken part in the singing competition.（实------虚）=I was ill that day. If I hadn’t been i ll that day, I would have taken part in the singing competition.He would have bought the piano, but he didn’t have enough money.（虚------实）=He would have bought the piano if he had had enough money, but in fact he didn’t have enough money.省略if倒装条件句在虚拟语气中，if 从句假设的情况中如果有助动词had, should和were，那么可省略if，把had, should和were放在句首构成倒装，简称省略if倒装条件句。

If he had finished the work yesterday, he would have gone to the concert with you.=Had he finished the work yesterday, he would have gone to the concert with you.If I were you, I wouldn’t do that.=were I you, I wouldn’t do that.If I should meet him, I would tell him about it.=Should I meet him, I would tell him about it.
30．Many subway stations, including the one near our school, ________ at present for a better transport in the city.
A．are constructing B．are being constructed C．is constructing D．is being constructed 【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】
考查动词时态语态。

句意：许多地铁站，包括我们学校附近的地铁站，目前正在建设中，以便有更便利的交通。

此处表示动作正在进行，句中主语Many subway stations和动词construct是被动关系，所以此处用现在进行时的被动，与主语一致，故选B.
【点睛】
现在进行时的被动结构：be + being+过去分词
A number of Dongfeng trucks are being shipped abroad.一批东风卡车正被运往国外。

1）“be being done” 中的动词be应随主语作相应的变化。

2）将现在进行时的主动语态变为现在进行时的被动语态的关键是：把be doing变为be being done.
例1. The students are cleaning the classroom now. →The classroom is being cleaned now.
现在学生们正在打扫教室。

(are cleaning变为is being cleaned)
例2. The boy is counting some sheep. →Some sheep are being counted.
那男孩正在数羊。

(is counting 变为 are being counted)。