研究生入学英语教案

研究生入学英语教案
研究生入学英语
辅导教程
备课笔记
Unit 1 Education and Language T eaching
I. Section A: Falling through the cracks in a rural school
1. Teaching Objectives:
‖
To understand the situation in university enrollment of America;
To enlarge the vocabulary on this topic
To do some supplementary exercises on this topic.
2.Time Allotment:
Section A (4 periods):
1st period: Warming-up (Introduction and skimming)
2nd period : Words and expressions,
3rd– 4th period: Text understanding
Section B(4periods):
5th period: Exercises in Section A
6th - 8th periods: Exercises in Section B
3.Teaching Procedures:
Step 1. W arming-up
Introducing the text: How to apply for an university in the U.S.A.? It may be very difficult for students from romote areas and underrepresented minorities due to different reasons ... ...
Step 2. Skim the text and answer the following questions:
Step 3. W ords and Expressions
Step 4. Text understanding
Step 5. Exercises in Section A
Step 6. Supplementary Exercises ( Section B )
4. Notes to the text
Study the following words, paying attention to some useful expressions and sentence structures which are very commonly used in English.
1. a prestigous college: a college that has a high reputation 名牌大学，精英学校
prestigious college / accent (上流口音，received pronounciation, 标准发音
2. motivated: provided with a motive or given incentive for action
If you are motivated by something, especially an emotion, it causes you to behave in a particular way.
--- a highly motivated child can learn almost anything
——be / get / stay motivated
motivation: ---His poor performance may be attributed to lack of motivation rather than to reading difficulties.
3.B ut so many smart rural kids fall through the cracks: But many rural kids fail to be enrolled by good universities due to the faults or shortcomings in the process of recuiting.
crack: a long narrow depression in a surface, in this sentence, it refers to the faults or shortcomings in the process of recruiting fall through: fail utterly
(Para. One)
4.elite schools:
elite: n. a group of people who have a lot of power and influence because they have money, knowledge, or special skills political / economic / social elite
adj. selected as the best
——Cambridge only admits elite students.
5.Applicants whose parents are alumni get special treatment, as do athletes and
rich kids.
Children who are athletes or whose parents are alumni or rich people can enjoy priorities over those ordinary students.正像体育特长生或富人家的孩子一样，如果父母是学校的校友，孩子就可以得到特殊的待遇。

alumni: [?'l?mna?]alumnus 的复数，男毕业生；男校友
6. Underrepresented minorities are also given preference.：Students from minority
groups also enjoy some priorities.
underrepresented: adj. 未被充分代表的，代表名额不足的
——Women are underrepresented in cancer studies, according to new report.
据一份新的研究报告显示，参与癌症临床研究的妇女人数偏少。

——Several developing countries,
especially in Asia, are hugely
underrepresented, whereas rich
European economies are
overrepresented.
如今的几个大的新兴经济国家，特别亚洲的国家，都没有相对应的地位。

7. Thirty years of affirmative action have changed the complexion of mostly white
universities; now about 13 percent of all undergraduates are black or Latino.
实现平权法案30年以来，多数以白人为主的大学面貌已经发生了改变；现在黑人及拉美学生约占全部本科生13%。

affirmative action：Policies that take factors including "race, color, religion,
gender, sexual orientation or national origin" into
consideration in order to benefit an underrepresented group, usually as a means to counter the effects of a history of
discrimination. （支持、鼓励聘用女性、少数族裔等受歧视者
的）积极行动或措施，反歧视行动，平权措施complextion: n.the coloring of a person's
face；
the way something appears to be 情
况，局面
——dim complexion 面色无光；high complexion 红润的面色——She has a pretty complexion. 她面色秀丽。

——She had short brown hair and a pale complexion.
——Every time the political complexion of the government changed, so did
the defence policy...
每当政府的政治性质发生变化，国防政策也会随之变化。

——Her resignation puts a different complexion on things.
她一辞职局面就全变了。

8. Poor kids of all ethnicities remain scarce：各个种族的贫困生仍然十分少见。

ethnicity：种族；种族性 pl. ethnicities (Para. Two)
9. ... diversity —racial, economic and geographic —is key to maintaining intellectually vital campuses. 许多学校称生源的种族、经济状况及地区的多样性是保证校园学术生机的关键。

Many school authorities claim that if they want to keep their campuses intellectually active, it is very important to recruit students from minority groups, families of different economic conditions and from various areas.
diversity:the fact of including many different types of people or things.
——Social anthropology is centrally
concerned with the diversity of
culture.
社会人类学主要关于文化多样性。

vital:performing an essential function in the living body; urgently needed;
absolutely necessary; full of spirit;
—— A sparrow may be small but it has
all the vital organs.麻雀虽小，五
脏俱全。

——a vital and charismatic leader
——Public cooperation is vital in the fight against terrorism.
公众的合作在抗击恐怖主义的斗争中至关重要。

(Para. Three)
10. ... we go where we can generate a sizable number of potential applicants: We only go to those places where we can find quite a lot of students that are likely to apply for our university.
generate: bring into existence / produce sth.
——The computer bug generated chaos in the office
——The earthquake generated a tsunami.
——generat power / electricity
11. ... Tulane admissions chief Richard Whiteside, who recruits aggressively---and in
person --- from metropolitan areas.
admissions chief: 招生办公室主任
recruit: to find new poople to work in a company, join an organizaiton or do a job, etc. aggressively: in a very determined way
to succeed 执着地
metropolitan: relating or belonging to a very large city
c.f.cosmopolitan (growing or occurring in many parts of the world)
12. a glossy brochure: a smooth and gleaming thin book that gives information about
the related universities.
glossy: adj. (of paper and fabric and
leather) having a surface made
smooth and glossy especially by
pressing between rollers; 光滑
的；有光泽的
(Para. Four)
13. ... but he’s never stopped to scout for students.
scout:n. 1) a person employed to keep watch for some anticipated event(侦
察员) ; a Boy Scout or Girl(（童子
军)；
v. to look for something in a particular area
——They s couted around for some antiques to furnish their new
apartment.他们到处搜罗一些
古董来装饰新居。

14. He cuts through the small mining town in the Blue Ridge Mountains en route
from the Pittsburgh campus to more affluent high schools around Washington,
D.C.
When he went through the small mining town in the Blue Ridge Mountains,he
took a short cut on his way from Pittsburgh camps to high
schools around
Washingtong, D.C.
cut through: 抄近路; 克服
——We came by cutting through the lanes.
——He was determined to cut through the difficulties.
en route: (French)on a route to some place/
on the way for/from/to在途中
15. The admissions office doesn’t have the money or the time,” he says,” to help rural kids unravel the admissions process. ... to help rural kids explain
and understand the process of admission.
unravel: v. become or cause to become undone by separating the fibers or threads of;
to understand or explain something that is mysterious or complicated ——The baby unraveled its mother's knitting ——The discovery will help scientists unravel the mystery of the Ice Age.
——There are many kinds of diseases that medical science is yet to unravel.
c.f.ravel twist knot
16. When prestigious colleges do reach out to rural students, they often focus on local applicants. When those famous colleges do want to get in touch with rural student, they usually pay more attention to those in their local communities.
reach out to:接触, 联系, 把手伸向
17. transfer students: 转学的学生
transfer：move from one place to another ; transfer somebody to a different position or location of work 转移；调任；转乘
c.f.transplant transmit transform
transport
(Para. Five)
18.Admissions officers rely on guidance counselors to direct them to promising
prospects. Admissions officers depend on those guidance counselors to give them some information on who might be the possible applicants.
guidance counselors: people who give
advice to students on
application
universities 指导顾
问
counsel:v. give advice to; n. a lawyer who pleads cases in court 诉讼律师
c.f. counslor
prospect: n.the possibility of future success; belief about (or mental picture of) the future;
someone who is considered for something (for an office or prize or honor etc.) 希
望；前景；景色
——A rich harvest is in prospect. （丰收在望。

）
——I see little prospect of an improvement in his condition.
我看他的情况没有什么改进的希望。

Collocation:
动词+～
brighten the ～照亮前程enjoy the ～赏景shut out the ～挡住景色
形容词+～
bleak ～荒凉的景色bright〔brilliant〕～辉煌的前程
depressing ～暗淡的前景distant ～远景
favorable〔promising〕～很有希望的前景
Attention:
1. prospect作名词指―前景‖时，常用复数形式。

——He has good prospects.
2. have a reasonable prospect of doing及have no prospect of doing是正式的书面英语用法。

19.In rural areas, a teacher, a counselor or even an alumnus can help put a rural student on their radar screen.In rural areas, a teacher, a counselor or even an alumnus can help a rural student come into the network of their relatives and friends so that these students could be found and discovered.
radar screen:雷达网络，used figuratively
to refer to the network of
these teachers and counselor
or an alumnus , within this
network, rural kids can get
in touch with their dream
schools more easily.
（Para. 7）
1.But stepping from his small community to
a pricey, competitive college requires a big leap of faith: To enter a college that is very expensive and competitive, Spangenburger has to be much more confident of himself than usual.但是从原来的小社区跨入一个价格昂贵、竞争激烈的大学是需要很大的信心的。

leap: an abrupt transition 跳跃；跃
2.prospective students:
prospective:adj. of or concerned with or related to the future 预期的；未来的
—— a prospective mother / a prospective bride
3. ... But she’s quick to point out that she’s more a social worker than a college
adviser. ...但她也很快就指出与其说她是个大学的指导顾问，不如说她是个社会工作者。

more ... than ... 与其说 ... ... 还不如说 ... ...
——He’s more mad than stupid.
——He is more a sprinter than a swimmer.他是短跑健将，而不是游泳选手。

——It is more a made-up story than a real occurrence.
那是杜撰的故事，而不是真实发生的事情。

3.Months ago, Spangenburger grill ed her about early action. ... spangenburger asked
her in details about what he should do in the following days.
grill:n.烤架；铁格子；烧烤(食物)
v. cook over a grill; examine thoroughly
——The student was grilled for two hours on the subject of phonology（音韵学）（Para. Eight）
4.At MIT it’s something of a mission for Marilee Jones, the dean of admissions.这对于麻省理工学院招生办公室主任玛丽利.琼斯来说如同一项使命。

something of a: 可以说是一个；有点儿；有几分
——She found herself something of a celebrity. 她意识到自己已小有名气了。

——He speaks with something of a foreign accent.
他说话稍带点外国口音。

mission：使命；代表团；任务a special assignment that is given to a person or group;
——The minister was sent to Spain on mission. 这位部长奉命前往西班牙。

c.f. assignmeng delegation millitary mission（军事代表团）foreign mission (外交使团)
5.Twenty years ago, 25 percent of each MIT class were first-generation college goers from poor backgrounds who used the celebrated engineering school as a ticket out of the blue-collar world.20年以前该校每个班有25%是贫困家庭的第一代大学生，他们把这所著名工科大学的文凭当做逃离蓝领阶层的通行证。

多定语是英语句子的特点，college goers
共有三个定语，后面的两个定语分别是：from
poor backgrounds和who引导的从句，翻译时应注意英语的这个特点，可以将定语从
单独翻译。

celebrated: adj. widely known and esteemed; 著名的；声誉卓著的
—— a celebrated musician
c.f. celebrate, celebrity
famous, prestigious,eminent, immortal, distinguished,
5.... when that number dipped below 10 percent, Jones began scouring the country for bright kids, and then paired the potential applicants with MIT faculty and students who could answer questions about college life. ... John began searching the country for bright students, and then help them apply for MIT by putting a petential applicant and a teaching staff or an MIT student in one pair so that thers teachers or students can answer questions about college life.
当贫困学生的数量降到10%以下时，琼斯开始到农村寻找优秀的生源，然后她将潜
在的申请人于深谙大学生活的校内工作人员和在校生结成一帮一的关系。

dip: v. 1) immerse briefly into a liquid so as to wet, coat, or saturate;
2) become lower or go down , go down momentarily
——Prices dipped .
scour:v. examine minutely（经常地，详细地）;
——The police scoured the country for the fugitive （逃亡者）Unit 3 Family and Marriage
I. Section A: Surprisingly, Family Time Has Grown
1. Teaching Objectives:
‖
To understand the situation of family and marriage
To enlarge the vocabulary on this topic
To do some supplementary exercises on this topic.
2.Time Allotment:
Section A (4 periods):
1st period: Warming-up (Introduction and skimming)
2nd period : Words and expressions,
3rd– 4th period: Text understanding
Section B(4periods):
5th period: Exercises in Section A
6th - 8th periods: Exercises in Section B
3.Teaching Procedures:
Step 1. W arming-up
Introducing the text: What has been bothering working parents for a long time?
What are the major differences between the study by the Rameys and previous studies?
What happened to people understanding of children’s importance to a happy marriage?
Step 2. Skim the text and answer the following questions:
Step 3. W ords and Expressions
Step 4. Text understanding
Step 5. Exercises in Section A
Step 6. Supplementary Exercises ( Section B )
4. Notes to the text
Study the following words, paying attention to some useful expressions and sentence
structures which are very commonly used in English.
(Para. One)
1.agonize: suffer agony or anguish苦闷，
烦恼 (about/over sth) --All the time they agonize and pray.
--We agonized for hours about which
wallpaper to buy.
-- He agonized over the guilt that he felt.
2.alike: very similar; like one another
--This book is written for professionals and
laymen alike.
--The climate here is always hot, summer and winter alike.
3.…spending far more time with their families than did parents of earlier generations:
did: Here “did”is inverted, its subject is parents of earlier generation; furthermore, omission is used to avoid repetition, “did”refers to “parents of earlier generations were spending time with their families”(Para. Two)
4.It reports that the amount of child care time spent by parents at all income levels —and especially those with a college education —has risen “dramatically” since the mid-1990s: 本句的主干为It reports that…。

That从句的主语为the amount of child care time, spent by…college education作后置定语修饰child care time，从句的谓语是h as risen, ―dramatically‖…在从句中作状语。

译文：研究报告指出，不同收入水平的父母照看孩子的时间，尤其是那些受过大学
教育的父母，自20世纪90年代中期以来急剧上升。

dramatically: in a very impressive manner --The city break market has grown dramatically since the mid-1980s.
城市休息市场有长大的戏剧地自从1980 年代中期以后。

--The story begins dramatically but the plot peters out before the end.
这故事有些虎头蛇尾。

(Para. Three)
5.attend to: work for or be a servant to
--The nurse is attending to a sick man.护士正在照料病人。

--Attend to your work and stop talking.专
心工作，不要说话。

--Could you attend to (ie deal with) this matter immediately? 你能不能立刻处理这件事?
--I have my business to attend to.我有事要料理。

attendance:The attendance has dropped away recently.近来出席人数越来越少。

(Para. Four)
6.…fathers also registered striking gains: The amount of child care time spent by fathers has risen remarkably in the analysis.
register: record in writing; enroll to vote
--Thousands lined up to register to vote.数
千人排队登记投票。

--It's wise to register letters containing banknotes. 信中夹钞票最好寄挂号。

-- Their names simply didn't register with me. 我对他们的名字简直没有什么印象。

--Where can I register for the computer course? 我选计算机课程到哪里登记?
(Para. Five)
7.guilt-stricken: stricken用作后缀(suf.)
--The two heroic little sisters quickly headed off the panic-stricken sheep.
两个英雄小姐妹赶忙上前拦住受惊的羊
群。

8.function: function作名词，可以指人的―职责‖或物的―功能‖。

-- The function of a policeman is to
preserve law and order.
警察的职责是维护法律和治安。

-- The function of a clock is to tell the
time.
钟表的功能是报时。

9.shortchange: to treat unfairly 亏待；少找零头，欺骗
--They shortchanged me ten cents. 他们把十美分抹掉了，不找给我。

--I was shortchanged10 dollars to pay.我被骗多付了十美元。

(para Six)
10. ...Although previous studies have shown
increases in parenting time starting in the
1990s, the study by the Rameys is
important because it links so many
time-use surveys and also break s the data down by age of the child and education
level.
本句的主干是the study is
important。

Although引导让步状语
从句，by the Rameys作主语的后置
定语，because引导原因状语从句
解释说明主句。

译文：尽管之前的研究表明20世纪
90年代以来父母陪伴子女的时间在
增加，但雷米夫妇所作的研究连接了
许多“用时”调查，并根据儿童年龄
和父母的教育水平对数据进行了分
门别类，因此该研究很重要。

break down: divide into exclusive categories 分类，将…分解为
-- After many years, rocks break down /into/ dirt. 许多年以后岩石分解成为泥土。

-- Bile helps the body break down fat in food. 胆汁帮助人体分解食物中的脂肪。

(para Seven/Eight)
11.There are many ways the
American family is changing, the rise in child-centered time is one of th e ways, children are no longer viewed as “very important”to a successful marriage is another way.
(para Nine)
12.In fact, the surge in parenting time may say more about modern marriage than about。