(0007)综合英语五复习思考题

（0007）《综合英语五》复习思考题
Part I Writing (15)
Write on ANSWER SHEET a composition of about 150 words on the following topic:
MY VIEWS ON FAST FOOD
HONESTY IS THE BEST POLICY
THE IMPORTANCE OF FAMILY EDUCATION
HEALTH IS MORE IMPORTANT THAN WEALTH
THE ADV ANTAGES OF INTERNET
You are to write in three paragraphs.
In the first paragraph, state clearly what your view is.
In the second paragraph, support your view with details.
In the last paragraph, bring what you have written to a natural conclusion with a summary or suggestion.
Marks will be awarded for content, organization, grammar and appropriateness. Failure to follow the instructions may result in a loss of marks.
Part II Translation (20)
Section A C-E Translation (10)
Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words or phrases in the parentheses.
1. 晚上过度疲劳，第二天就可能会迟到。

(be prone to)
2. 如果工作出色能经常导致加薪或晋升，工人们就会得到更大的激励。

(result in; incentive)
3. 自我形象对一个人的成就有着重要影响。

(self-image; accomplishment)
4. 一间布置典雅的办公室一定会给人个好印象。

(be bound to)
5. 我父亲一生从事科学研究。

(be engaged in)
6. 请不要偏离主题，所剩时间不多了。

(digress from)
7. 玛丽沉溺于她的业余爱好，即收集各种铅笔刀。

(indulge in)
8. 老师微微一笑，这意味着她不相信小男孩所讲的事。

(implication)
9. 在我们的恼火转为愤怒之前，她走过来对我们说她要走了。

(irritation)
10. 科学家们已经了解到地震会影响气候。

(influence)
11. 他因为虐待自己的父亲而被判刑六个月。

(imprisonment; abusive)
12. 这家公司总算熬过了燃料严重短缺的难关。

(sustain)
13. 由于手头拮据，他极力反对去青岛旅游的计划。

(oppose)
14. 总之，有志的青年人应该坚持不懈从各方面获得知识。

(insist on)
15. 他对妈妈隐瞒了遭受到的挫折。

(conceal; setback)
16. 如果我能得到这个职位，我向你保证我会尽力让你满意。

(assure)
17. 读过大量有关外国情况报道的人通常更能适应和容忍外国的风俗习惯。

(adaptable to; tolerant of)
18. 幻想和现实相结合能帮助你实现你的理想。

(in combination with)
19. 一看到那个喜剧演员上台，我的孩子就忍不住笑了起来。

(comedian; refrain)
20. 为了使恼怒的父亲和高傲的儿子重归于好，各种尝试都作过了。

(attempt; reconciliation)
21. 激光束可以被用来穿透哪怕是最坚硬的岩石。

(laser beam; penetrate)
22. 我国人口出生率的下降会有利于经济的加速发展。

(acceleration)
23. 我们希望老师们能不求助于任何惩罚手段，把良好的品行教给这些少年犯。

(resort; young
offenders)
24. 对他的才能和精力，我感到由衷的钦佩。

(conceive; admiration)
25. 爱德加•爱伦•坡的作品在国内国外一向备受赞赏。

(admire; Edgar Allan Poe)
Section B E-C Translation (10)
Directions: Translate the following sentences into Chinese.
1. The art of living is to know when to hold fast and when to let go.
2. In addition to class distinction, there are differences between the English and ourselves in how space is
allowed.
3. Life is never just a being. It is a becoming, a relentless flowing on.
4.Everyone has a unique style of communication, but cultures determine a general style for their
members.
5. In future-oriented teaching-learning situations, children should get in the act as participating human
resources.
6. He gets out of bed, slips a robe on and paces the floor restlessly.
7. They should realize it‟s in the best interests of my career to be seen there, and my career means as
much to them as it does to me.
8. Failure frees one to take risks because there‟s less to lose.
9. If your taste in clothes is poor, I recommend that you seek the advice of a good dresser who can help
you coordinate your wardrobe.
10. It is the simple things that really matter.
11. Americans working in England may become annoyed if they are not provided with what they consider
appropriate enclosed work space.
12. Faced, absorbed and accepted, failure contributes to personal growth and leads to improved personal
relationships, too.
13. An American is available if his door is open at home or at his office.
14. These overgeneralized beliefs or “stereotypes” frequently shape people‟s perceptions of each other.
15. Neither in medicine, nor in law, government, or the social sciences can there be comfort in the old
saying, “What you don‟t know can‟t hurt you.”
16. Many teachers think that cheating is less tolerable than truancy.
17. Lies also do harm to those who tell them: harm to their integrity and, in the long run, to their
credibility.
18. Pursue not so much the material as the ideal, for ideals alone invest life with meaning and are of
enduring worth.
19. The race will intensify year by year —with far-reaching impacts on society.
20. “Water,”itself a term freighted with symbolic and emotional associations, will take on wholly new
connotations.
21. Almost everybody wants to get through school, or, rather, get around it, the easy way.
22. On the other hand, there were warm days even in winter when the thick layers of sleep are penetrated
by hunger and by dreams of the spring.
23. The obvious connotation of the phrase “going first class” is ove rspending or extravagance.
24. Almost all the letters indicate that we are a nation of tired teachers and apathetic pupils.
25. If you look around you at the men and women whom you can call happy, you will see that they all
have certain things in common.
Part III Vocabulary & Structure (15)
Directions: Use the appropriate form of the word in the parentheses to fill in the blanks.
1. He looked out through the window and (observe) me walking along the boat
deck.
2. Jack worked hard and received quick (promote).
3. The fireman (demonstrate) great courage in saving the child just now.
4. He managed to (accomplishment) all his set tasks.
5. The government urged people to (economic) on water.
6. I have been in (correspond) with him about the matter.
7. Their (eliminate) from the competition in the first round was a great surprise.
8. Roberts admits (have) too much to eat when he broke the chair he sat on.
9. The (pursue) of pleasure and wealth is universally human.
10. There is an (alternate) of red and white stripes in the flag of the United States.
11. Animals have an (instinct) dread of fire.
12. The baker decided (embellish) the cake with flowers.
13. This newspaper provides more foreign news than (domesticate) news.
14. She was an (indulgence) mother, ever ready to provide pocket money and new
clothes.
15. I find myself frequently (repeat) a short prayer which I learnt when I was a child.
16. It (be) the dieters who want to lose weight fast.
17. Tell the children to stop (bother) their father because he is writing a letter.
18. So many people (be absent), we decided to put the meeting off.
19. The flowers need (water).
20. When I saw her, she (work) at the computer.
21. If (translate) word by word, the sentence will be meaningless.
22. We will let you use the room (provide) you keep it clean and tidy.
23. The situation is far (complicated) than you could imagine.
24. I remember (see) her once somewhere.
25. Without air, there (be) no wind or clouds.
26. The boy felt very (not comfort) sitting in the back corner of the lecture room.
27. The reporter said that his news was from (rely) sources.
28. I would like this sort of fabric, it is not (shrink).
29. This phenomenon is (express) in simple formulae.
30. His brother was surprisingly (knowledge) on farm matter.
31. (stand) at the gate was a young man in green coat.
32. It is said the conference is (hold) in this hall next month.
33. Little did they realize that they (make) an important discovery in science.
34. We would like to take this opportunity to express our sincere (appreciate) of your help.
35. As research techniques become more advanced, the number of animals used in experiments may
decrease, but stopping (test) on animals altogether is a long way away.
36. Large or fat people who want to look (small) than they are usually wear dark
clothes.
37. Robots, becoming (increase) prevalent in factories, are programmed and engineered
to do more jobs.
38. The author of the text expresses a strong (disapprove) of working on and off
frequently.
39. He would have given you more help, if he (not be) so busy.
40. A life (live) without fantasy and daydreaming is a really poor life indeed.
41. Bacteria become (resisting) to antibiotics over a period of time.
42. Continued success in his work has placed his career on the (ascending).
43. It is difficult to make exact (distinct) between all the meanings of a word.
44. All the company‟s employees (entitle) to annual paid leave of from 24 to 30 days.
45. Many people unfairly regard with (tolerate) the long hair of teenagers.
46. These charges (base) upon insufficient grounds.
47. Mr. White was told again and again (quit) smoking and drinking, but he just wouldn‟t
listen.
48. They felt (aggrieve), rightly or wrongly, at being refused permission.
49. If war could (demolish), armies and navies would be unnecessary.
50. Neither threats nor promises could change his (flexible) decision.
51. My decision to make this trip was (motivate) by a simple desire to leave the country.
52. The serial number (reference) to the country in which the car manufactured.
53. The more society imposes (conform) upon its members, the more people want to rebel.
54. He wished to forget everything (associate) with his former life.
55. These plans must (modify) if they are to be used successfully.
56. He had to work harder or to be sent away from school, and he chose the first (alternate).
57. This problem is (add) to their major financial anxieties.
58. The heavier the arrow, the greater its (penetrate) into the target.
59. They (resemblance) each other in shape but not in color.
60. An athlete must have a (competition) spirit.
61. The car had not been built for high (accelerate).
62. The water is (intensify) cold.
63. Helen‟s beautiful dress was the (admire) of all her classmates.
64. I took it for (grant) that you‟d want to come with us, so I bought you a ticket.
65. The patient looked (wear) and pale.
66. Some young people got (marry) without even telling their parents or other family
members.
67. He won‟t let anyone else (visit) his sister.
68. If you had spoken clearly, you (understand).
69. Everyone should be allowed to make a mistake without (punish) for it.
70. Usually, such harmful fumes rise into the upper air and (blow) away by the wind.
71. This (discover) of diamond came at a time when there was a big demand.
72. The news was made (know) to the public at last.
73. By the end of this year, Mr. Brown (be) here for twenty years.
74. A (smile) Chinese may not be approving but somewhat embarrassed.
75. I‟m going to take the bus (save) money.
Part IV Cloze (15)
Directions: Decide which of the choices below would correctly complete the passage if inserted in the corresponding blanks. Mark the correct choice for each blank in your ANSWER SHEET.
Cloze 1
Cloze 2
The printed word is just about the most important way we have of communication with one another. Look around
you at the 1 in school, 1. A. libraries
C. classroom B. desks
D. books
at the newspapers at home, at the posters on walls and the
stamps 2 on envelopes before posting them. 2. A. store
C. stuff B. stick
D. stain
Consider too, the 3 of being able to understand the instructions 3. A. instance
C. indifference
B. importance
D. prominence
4 on packets of food 4. A. stuck
C. drawn B. rested
D. printed
and medicine 5 in shops. 5. A. sell
C. selling B. sold
D. sale
In these 6 in many other ways, 6. A. but
C. or B. and
D. if
the printed word has become so important that it is 7 to imagine how life could go on without it, 7. A. easy
C. fair
B. difficult
D. possible
in everyday life there are hundreds of situations 8 which people need to communicate with one another, 8. A. of
C. from
B. by
D. in
and the printed word is nearly 9 the best method of communication 9. A. meantime
C. sometimes
B. seldom
D. always
10 large numbers of people are involved. 10. A. which
C. that B. where
D. lest
11 you may know, 11. A. Although
C. Because B. As
D. Yet
communication intended to reach a large 12 of people is called “mass communication”.12. A. sum
C. number
B. amount
D. figure
The main present-day 13 of mass communication using the printed word are newspapers, magazines and books. 13. A. cases
C. words
B. letters
D. forms
The best known forms of modern mass communication which do not use the printed word are television and radio.
Television or radio broadcast, like newspapers, 14 also reach 14. A. must
C. may
B. should
D. need
millions of people 15 a time. 15. A. for
C. on B. at
D. by
Cloze 3
Cloze 4
Cloze 5
Part V Reading Comprehension (15)
Directions: Choose the best answer for each question according to the passage you’ve read and then mark your choice in your ANSWER SHEET.
Passage 1
We are naturally attracted to people with ideas, beliefs and interests like our own. Similarly, we feel comfortable with people with physical qualities similar to ours.
You may have noticed how people who live or work closely together come to behave in a similar way. Unconsciously we copy those we are close to, or love, or admire. So a sportsman‟s individual way of walking with hunched shoulders is imitated by an admiring fan; a pair of lovers both shake their heads in the same way; employee finds himself imitating his boss‟s habit of moving a pen between his fingers while thinking.
In every case, the influential person may not consciously notice the imitation, but he will feel comfortable in its presence, and if he does notice the matching of his gestures or movements, he finds it flattering: he is influencing people, they are drawn to him.
Sensitive people have been mirroring their friends and acquaintances all their lives, and winning affection and respect in this way without being aware of their method. Now for people who want to win agreement or trust, affection or sympathy, some psychologists recommend the deliberate use of physical mirroring.
The clever saleswoman echoes her lady cust omer‟s movements, tilting her head in the same way to judge a color match, or folding her arm a few seconds after the customer, as though consciously attracted by her. The customer feels that the saleswoman is in sympathy with her, and understands her needs — a promising relationship for a sale to take place.
The clever lawyer, trying in a law-court to influence a judge, imitates the great man‟s shrugging of his shoulders, the tone of his voice and the rhythm of his speech. Of course, physical mirroring must be subtle. If you blink every time your target blinks or bite your bottom lip every time he does, your mirroring has become mockery and you can expect trouble. So, if you can‟t model sympathetically, don‟t play the game.
1. According to the passage, physical mirroring means .
A. the attraction to people with ideas, beliefs and interests like our own
B. the comfortable feeling about people with physical qualities similar to ours
C. the fact that people living or working closely together behave in a similar way
D. the imitation of the gestures or movements of those we are close to, or love, or admire
2. Which of the following is NOT a deliberate use of physical mirroring, according to the author?
A. A saleswoman tilts her head after her customer to judge color match.
B. A lawyer emulates the tone of judge‟s voice and the rhythm of his speech.
C. Sensitive people have been mirroring their friends all their lives
D. A naughty boy blinks every time the teacher blinks
3. Which of the following is true?
A. Sensitive people have been mirroring their friends and acquaintances because they want to win
their affection and respect in this way.
B. The clever saleswoman echoes her 1ady customer‟s movements because she is unconsciously
attracted by her.
C. The lawyer who imitates the judge is trying to influence him.
D. Physical mirroring is always flattering to those who are imitated.
4. Physical mirroring can cause trouble if .
A. the person mirrored finds that people are drawn to him
B. the mirroring has become mockery
C. the lawyer shrugs his shoulders the way the judge does
D. it has been found to be deliberately used
5. The paragraph following this passage will most probably move on to .
A. some ways to prevent physical mirroring from offending
B. the importance of physical mirroring in daily life
C. an explanation of physical mirroring by behavioral scientist
D. the troubles caused by the deliberate use of physica1 mirroring
Passage 2
Imagine a world in which there was suddenly no emotion —a world in which human beings could feel no love or happiness, no terror or hate. Try to imagine the consequences of such a transformation. People might not be able to stay alive: knowing neither joy nor pleasure, nether anxiety nor fear, they would be as likely to repeat acts that hurt them as acts that were beneficial. They could not learn: they could not benefit from experience because this emotionless world would lack rewards and punishments. Society would soon disappear: people would be as likely to harm one another as to provide help and support. Human relationships would not exist: in a world without friends or enemies, there could be no marriage, affection among companions, or bonds among members of groups. Society‟s economic underpinnings would be destroyed: since ea rning $10 million would be no more pleasant than earning $10, there would be no incentive to work. In fact, there would be incentives of any kind. For as we will see, incentives imply a capacity to enjoy them.
In such a world, the chances that the human species would survive are next to zero, because emotions are the basic instrument of our survival and adaptation. Emotions structure the world for us in important ways. As individuals, we categorize objects on the bases of our emotions. True we consider the length, shape, size or texture, but an object‟s physical aspects are less important than what it has done or can do to us —hurt us, surprise us, anger us or make us joyful. We also use categorizations colored by emotions in our families, communities, and overall society. Out of our emotional experiences with object and events comes a social feeling of agreement that certain things and actions are “good” and others are “bad”, and we apply these categories to every aspect of our social life — from what food we eat and what clothes we wear to how to keep promises and which people our group will accept. In fact, society exploits our emotional reactions and attitudes, such as loyalty, morality, pride, shame, guilt, fear and greed, in order to maintain itself. It gives high rewards to individuals who perform important tasks such as surgery, makes heroes out of individuals for unusual or dangerous achievements such as flying fighter planes in a war, and uses the legal and penal system to make people afraid to engage in antisocial acts.
6. The reason why people might not be able to stay alive in a world without emotion is
that__________.
A. they would not be able to tell the texture of objects
B. they would not know what was beneficial and what was harmful to them
C. they would not be happy with a life without love
D. they would do things that hurt each other‟s feeling
7. According to the passage, people‟s learning activities are possible because they _______.
A. believe that emotions are fundamental for them to stay alive
B. benefit from providing help and support to one another
C. enjoy being awarded for doing the right thing
D. know what is vital to the progress of society
8. It can be inferred from the passage that the economic foundation of society is dependent on
_______.
A. the ability to make money
B. the will to work for pleasure
C. the capacity to enjoy incentives
D. the categorization of our emotional experiences
9. Emotions are significant for man‟s survival and adaptation because ________.
A. they provide the means by which people view the size or shape of objects
B. they are the basis for the social feeling of agreement by which society is maintained
C. they encourage people to perform dangerous achievements
D. they generate more love than hate among people
10. The emotional aspects of an object are more important than its physical aspects in that they
_______.
A. help society exploit its members for profit
B. encourage us to perform important tasks
C. help to perfect the legal and penal system
D. help us adapt our behavior to the world surrounding us
Passage 3
Britain has some of the finest, most up-to-date hospitals in the world. It also has a number of 19th century hospitals which desperately need modernizing. Severe cuts in public expenditure by both Labor and Conservative Governments are delaying this essential work. So there is a shortage of beds. On the other hand, treatment in hospitals has improved so dramatically that patients are now sent home much sooner than was possible a few years ago. But there are still waiting lists.
“I had to wait six months for an operation on my knee,” Ian said. “People are having to queue up for hospital beds.”
“You wouldn‟t have had to wait if it had been serious,” Peggy said. “No, my chief criticism of the NHS is t hat they don‟t spend enough time in checking up on patients. If doctors examined their patients more thoroughly and more frequently, they might not have to send so many people to hospital.”
Wealthy people go to private doctors, and see private specialists in Harley Street, the famous doctor‟s street in London. Most specialists are attached to hospitals where they operate on and look after NHS patients, free of charge.
However, nearly all hospitals have a few beds for private patients, called “pay beds”, so that specialists can look after private patients and NHS patients under the same roof. These “pay beds” cost the private patients hundreds of pounds a weak.
“The Health Service gives a marvelous sense of security to people on low incomes,” Peggy said. “The y know that doctors and nurses at NHS hospitals will give them first-class treatment and that they won‟t have to pay a penny.”
“True!” said Ian, “But remember, we aren‟t the only country that has a national health service.
Some other countries have caught us up, partly because they have more money to spend, and partly because they have learned from our mistakes.”
11. We can infer from the first paragraph that .
A. the government undertakes the responsibility of financing hospitals
B. all the hospitals in Britain greatly need modernizing
C. medical care in Britain has greatly delayed
D. patients have to stay longer than before
12. NHS is a shortened form of .
A. nice health system
B. national health system
C. national health service
D. nice health service
13. Which is TRUE about Harley Street in London?
A. It is a street famous for its NHS hospitals.
B. Many famous doctors have clinics in Harley Street.
C. People on low incomes can get immediate medical treatment in Harley Street.
D. Rich people don‟t often go to the doctors in Harley Street.
14. Which is FALSE about “pay beds”?
A. “Pay beds” are beds for private patients.
B. People who can afford “pay beds” must be very rich.
C. “Pay beds” are very eas y to get.
D. “Pay beds” are costly.
15. What can we infer from this passage?
A. Britain is the only country that provides free medical treatment.
B. Wealthy people can frequently consult private doctors at home.
C. Medical care in Britain has lagged behind other developed countries.
D. Doctors in Britain don‟t examine their patients thoroughly and frequently.
Passage 4
Americans are proud of their variety and individuality, yet they love and respect few things more than a uniform, whether it is the uniform of an elevator operator or the uniform of a five-star general. Why are uniforms so popular in the United States?
Among the arguments for uniforms, one of the first is that in the eyes of most people they look more professional than civilian clothes. People have become conditioned to expect superior quality from a man who wears a uniform. The television repairman who wears a uniform tends to inspire more trust than one who appears in civilian clothes. Faith in the skill of a garage mechanic is increased by a uniform. What easier way is there for a nurse, a policeman, a barber, or a waiter to lose professional identity than to step out of uniform?
Uniforms also have many practical benefits. They save on other clothes. They save on laundry bills. They are tax-deductible. They are often more comfortable and durable than civilian clothes.
Primary among the arguments against uniforms is their lack of variety and the consequent loss of individuality experienced by people who must wear them. Though there are many types of uniforms, the wearer of any particular type is generally stuck with it, without change, until retirement. When people look alike, they tend to think, speak, and act similarly, on the job at least.
Uniforms also give rise to some practical problems. Though they are long-lasting, often their initial
expense is greater than the cost of civilian clothes. Some uniforms are also expensive to maintain, requiring professional dry cleaning rather than the home laundering possible with many types of civilian clothes.
16. It is surprising that Americans who worship variety and individuality _______.
A. still judge a man by his clothes
B. hold the uniform in such high regard
C. enjoy having a professional identity
D. will respect man elevator operator as much as a general in uniform
17. People are accustomed to think that a man in uniform _______.
A. suggests quality work
B. discards his social identity
C. appears to be more practical
D. looks superior to a person in civilian clothes
18. The chief function of a uniform is to________.
A. provide practical benefits to the wearer
B. make the wearer catch the public eye
C. inspire the wearer‟s confidence in himself
D. provide the wearer with a professional identity
19. According to the passage, people wearing uniforms _______.
A. are usually helpful
B. have little or no individual freedom
C. tend to lose their individuality
D. enjoy greater popularity
20. The best title for this passage would be________.
A. Uniforms and Society
B. The Importance of Wearing a Uniform
C. Practical Benefits of Wearing a Uniform
D. Advantages and Disadvantages of Uniforms
Passage 5
English surnames have an interesting history. In early times people had just the one name that they were given at birth. It might have been John or Hilda, for example. One name was quite enough when people lived in small groups or small villages as they did in those days. If someone mentioned Hilda or John, everyone knew who was meant because there would be only one Hilda or one John in a tiny village. But as time went on, small villages grew into big villages, and some of the big villages grew into towns. Then there might be five or six Johns and vice or six Hilda all living in the same place. How were people to know which John or which Hilda was neat then?
One way of getting over the difficulty was by adding the name of the work the person did. Thus the man who was a cook might be called John the Cook. The man who weaved clothes might be called John the Weaver. Second names or surnames as we now call th em, had come into being. In time, Weaver‟s children would, perhaps, be called Hilda Weaver and Charles Weaver. And this is how we still use surnames today.
An old English name for maker was a wright. The maker of cars was a carwright, the maker of wheels a wheelwright, and the maker of ships a shipwright. That explains why we have so many surnames like Wright, Cartwright.
An even more common surname is Smith. A smith was a man who made things from metal. There。