英语语法知识点详解little

英语语法知识点详解little
LITTLE/A LITTLE:
◆LITTLE/A LITTLE is used with uncountable nouns.
◆LITTLE/A LITTLE用来代替或修饰不可数名词。

◆LITTLE is used for negative idea and it means “nearly nothing”.
◆LITTLE表否定，意为“几乎没有”。

★I had little money and little free time.
★我没什么钱，也没多少空闲时间。

★She said little or nothing about her experience.
★她对自己的经历几乎只字不提。

◆A LITTLE is used for positive idea and it means “some but not much”.
◆A LITTLE表肯定，意为“少许、稍微”。

★She didn’t eat anything, but she drank a little water.
★她什么都没吃，但喝了点水。

★A little care probably could have prevented this traffic accident.★当时稍微小心一点就可能防止这场车祸的发生。

★A little food would do us all some good.
★吃点东西，对我们大家都会有好处。

★I got little sleep last night. I’m so sleepy.
★我昨天晚上几乎没睡。

我好困。

★I got a little sleep last night. I’m ok.
★我昨晚睡了一会儿。

我还好。

FEW/A FEW:
◆FEW/A FEW is used with plural countable nouns
◆FEW/A FEW用来代替或修饰可数名词。

◆FEW has a negative feeling and it means “nearly none”.
◆FEW表否定，意为“几乎没有、很少的”。

★A lot of people have tried, but few have succeeded.
★有很多人尝试过，但很少有人成功。

★I’ve been busy, so I’ve read few books this year.
★我一直很忙，所以今年还没看什么书。

★Few of you share my opinion, so we have little in common to discuss.★你们很少有人同意我的观点，所以我们没有什么共同点可讨论。

★She had few friends, and was generally not very happy.
★她几乎没什么朋友，总的来说不怎么开心。

◆A FEW has a positive feeling and it means “some but not many”.
◆A FEW表肯定，意为“少数的、几个”。

★I have a few questions that need your help.
★我有几个问题需要你的帮助。

★We had a few drinks afterwards.
★后来我们喝了几杯。

★We've had a few replies.
★我们已得到了一些答复。

Fractions and Mixed Fractions:
分数和带分数
A fraction is a number that describes a relationship between a part (represented by the numerator) and a whole (represented by the denominator). The number above the line is called the Numerator and the number below the line is called the Denominator.
分数描述的是部分（由分子体现）和整体（由分母体现）之间关系的数字。

分数线上的数字称为“分子”，分数线下的数字称为“分母”。

◆The numerator we use is the cardinal numbers while the denominator we use is the ordinal numbers. When the denominator is 2, we say HALF; When the denominator is 3, we say THIRD; When the denominator is 4, we say QUARTER or FOURTH.
◆分子用基数词，分母用序数词。

当分母是2时，我们说HALF；当分母是3时，我们说THIRD；当分母是4时，我们说QUARTER或FOURTH。

Subject-Verb Agreement with the Fraction or Percentage:分数和百分数作主语时的主谓一致：
◆Often, if the word that follows the fraction or percentage is singular, you'll use a singular verb. If the word following the fraction is plural, use
a plural verb.
◆通常情况下，分数或百分数后面所接的名词为单数或不可数名词，在句中作主语时，谓语动词则用单数形式。

如果，分数或百分数后面所接的名词为复数名词，在句中作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。

★Approximately three quarters of the Earth is covered with water.
★地球表面约四分之三的面积都被水覆盖。

★Two thirds of the students in my class are science majors.
★我班上三分之二的学生是理科专业。

★Only 3o% of the work was done yesterday.
★昨天只完成了百分之三十的工作。

★Sadly, 13% of poor households in the world have no access to electricity.
★遗憾的是，世界上有13%的贫困家庭没有通电。

★About 71% of the Earth’s surface is covered in water.
★地球表面约71%的面积都被水覆盖。

★Only 1.2% of all the fresh water on Earth is drinkable.
★地球上所有的淡水可直接饮用的只有1.2%。

★50% of the mistakes in your essay have to do with punctuation.
★你的论文50%的错误都与标点符号有关。

★About 2% of the population has autism.
About 2% of people have autism.
★约2%的人有自闭症。

◆If the fraction or percentage comes before a collective noun, follow the rules of the collective nouns. Remember that collective nouns can take a singular or plural verb depending on whether the noun is acting as a whole group or whether the members of the group are acting as individuals.
◆如果分数或百分数修饰的是集体名词，遵循集体名词主谓一致原则。

集合名词在句中表整体概念，谓语动词应用单数。

如表示个体或成员，谓语动词则用复数形式。

◆Half the class has signed up for the field trip.
Fifty percent of the class has signed up for the field trip.
the whole class VS the individual students
★Half the class have signed up for the field trip.
Fifty percent of the class have signed up for the field trip.★半个班级已经报名参加实地考察。

★班上50%的同学已经报名参加实地考察。