植物学词汇

1 翅果samara
坚果nut
浆果berry, bacca
雌球果female cone
果皮pericarp
外果皮exocarp
中果皮mesocarp
内果皮endocarp
果肉sarcocarp, pulp
果柄carpopodium
脐umbo 果实基部凹陷的部分。

着生面areola
节荚loment
核stone
球果cone
苞鳞bract scale
珠鳞ovuliferous scale 在松杉柏类植物中，具有胚珠的鳞片。

种鳞seminiferous scale 又称“果鳞”。

球果上着生种子的鳞片。

鳞盾apophysis
种缨coma 又称“丛毛”。

种皮seed coat, testa
胚体embryo proper
胚柄suspensor
胚根radicle
胚根鞘coleorhiza
胚轴embryonal axis
下胚轴hypocotyl
上胚轴epicotyl
胚芽plumule
胚芽鞘coleoptile
盾片scutellum
子叶cotyledon
缘倚子叶accumbent cotyledon
背倚子叶incumbent cotyledon
子叶迹cotyledon trace
根瘤root nodule, root tubercle
冠瘿瘤crown-gall nodule
叶瘤leaf nodule
病毒瘤virus tumor
矮化dwarfism
矮化的；矮化病dwarfing
矮化效果dwarf effect
矮生灌木dwarf shrub
氨ammonia
氨化细菌ammonifying bacteria
氨化作用ammonification
氨解ammonolysis
氨气伤害ammonia gas imjury
暗带dark band
暗发芽种子dark germinator; light inhibited seed
暗反应dark reaction
暗生长反应dark growth reaction
八角茴香科anise family ; Illicium family ; Illiciaceae
比较病理学comparative pathology
比较解剖学comparative anatomy
比较胚胎学comparative imbryology
比较生理学comparative physiology
比较生物化学comparative biochemistry
比较生物学comparative biology
比较细胞学comparative cytology
比较形态学comparative morphology
比色器comparator
必要性状essential character
必要元素essential element
闭花受精cleistogamy
闭花授粉的；有隐藏雄蕊的cryptanthous
蓖麻castor oil plant; castor bean; common oil nut tree; common palma christ; Ricinus communis L.
遍布於世界的种cosmopolitan species
遍热带的cosmotropical
变形；畸形deformation
标本植物温室conservatory
标识植物；典型植物characteristic plant
标识种characteristic species
病原性减弱attenuation
病原学aetiology;etiology;
病原学etiology
病徵disease symptom
波尔多液Bordeaux mixture
朝天椒；指天椒Capsicum annuum L. var. fasciculatum Irish.;Guinea pepper;pop pepper;red
虫媒传粉entomophilous pollination
虫媒传粉entomophily; insect pollination
虫媒传粉的entomophilous
虫媒花entomophilous flower
虫媒接合entomogamy
虫媒植物entomophyla
抽薹bolting; go to seeds; seed-stalk development; seeding; stalking
出芽；出芽法；芽生法；分芽法；出芽生殖budding
初生叶；首叶（李1974）eophylls
除去花的；落花的；过了开花期deflorate
除去休眠cut-out dormancy
除心；摘心coring
除种despeciate
除种子燕麦测验deseeded avena test
除子叶胚decotylated embryo
雏百合(日本) camass;Camassia
雏百合属Camassia;cammass
雏菊daisy; Bellis
雏菊形的daisy-like; belloides
触媒；催化剂catalyst
大气中的氮的固定azotification;N2 fixation
大蒜;葫葱Allium sativum L.f.pekinense Mak;A.pekinense Pekinense Prokh.;A.sativum L.var.pekinense Maek.;garlic
代谢期energic stage; metabolic stage
单性的；雌雄性分开的diclinous
蛋白化物;衍生蛋白素albuminate;derived albumin
蛋白类albuminous matter
蛋白素;白蛋白albumin
蛋白细胞albuminous cell
蛋白质的变性denaturation of proteins
蛋白质结晶albumen crystal
蛋白质链端基码chain-terminating codon
蛋黄果egg-fruit; canistel; Lucuma neryosa A.DC.
蛋树egg-tree; Garcinia xanthochymus Hook
氮azote;nitrogen
氮的同化作用assimilation of nitrogen
氮的吸收azotation
对应植物corresponding plants
对照实验control experiment
对照植物control plant
多样性diversity
萼calyces(pl.)
萼calyx(pl. calyces)
萼包兰Cryptophoranthesdayanus Rolfe
萼包兰属（兰科）Cryptophoranthes; window bearing orchid; window bearing orchid; window orchid
萼部cup; calyx
萼的calycinal
萼的calycine;calycinal
萼端calyx end
萼花类Caliciflorae
二倍体；二倍数；二元体diploid (Strasburger 1905)
二倍体植物diplont plant
二倍体植物diplophyte
瓜蘚属；短叶蘚属Brachymenium
瓜形curcumbitate
灌木丛bush
果柄carpopodrum
果实有毛的eriocarpus
果实直感；直传carpoxenia;metaxenia
果室camara
果心变红core flush
分枝brancheding
分株；分根division; suckering
粉剂dust
凤仙花balsarn; Impatiens balsamina L.; eagle flower; gardern balsam; touch-me-nto 凤仙花eagle flower; touch-me-not; Impatiens
基本代谢作用basal metabalism
基本核型basikaryotype(Sinoto & Sato1940)
基本呼吸；内源呼吸endogenous respiration
基本营养生长basic vegetative growth
基本种elementary species
基本族群base population
基部；底部；硷；盐基base
基部生长basal growth
基部优势basal dominance
畸形；不正常abnormity;abnormality
极限温度extreme temperature (temperature extreme)
集合;集团aggregation
集合的；簇集的；合生的confluent
戟叶铁角蕨Asplenium ensiforme Wall.
忌钙质的calcifuge
季节的递变annual succession ; seasonal succession
季节相;方向aspect
季节相变化aspection;seasonal succession
寄生於细胞内的cytozoic
剂量dosage
胡萝卜素carotenae，carotin
胡萝卜素carotin carotene
胡萝卜素酶 carotenase;carotinase
胡萝卜素氧化酶 carotene oxidase
胡萝卜素著色carotenosis
胡萝卜属（繖形花科）Daucus carrot
葫芦科；瓜科cucumber family; Cucurbitaceae
葫芦科；瓜科Cucurbitaceae; cucumber family; gourd family
互补作用complementation
花粉anther-dust ; pollen
花粉管竞生;受精急竞争agonisis;certation
花粉块柄caudicle
花粉直感ectogony (Waller 1917)
花冠corolla
花冠的corolliferous
logy
冷光cold light
冷害chilling injury
冷害；寒害cold damage; cold injury; winter injury
冷害；寒害cold injury; cold damage; winter injury
绿色细菌科Chlorobacteriaceae
绿色植物chlorophytes; green plants
螺旋coil
螺旋的；螺旋状coiled; circinate
落花；摘花deflorating
落花；摘花defloration
苗龄age of seediling
苗山槭；苗山枫Acer chingii Hu
描记式，蒸发计atmidometrograph
灭菌aseptize
灭藻剂;除藻剂algicide
明矾alum
木本的arborescent
木栓化corkification
培土；作畦；作壟 earthing up
培養；栽培；培養系統 culture
培養的；栽培的 cultured
培養繁殖；人工發生 ectogenesis
培養基 culture mediam
培養瓶 culture flask
培養期 culture period
球茎bulbo-tuber
球茎corm; solid bulb
球茎甘蓝；玉蔓菁甘蓝(图考)；苤蓝(图考) Brassica oleracea L.var.gongyloides L.; kohl-rabi 缺硼症boron deficiency
沙漠群落desert community
沙漠植物desert plants; eremophytes
沙漠植物eremad
沙漠植物eremophytes; desert plants
杀桿菌剂；杀菌剂bacilllicide
杀菌的;无生物的axenic
杀菌剂bactericide; germicidal agent; germicide; microbicide
杀细菌素bactericidin; bacteriocidin
实验experiment
蚀刻病毒etch virus
识别；判别discrimination
史前驯化植物;史前归化植物archaeophyte;prehistoric naturalized plant
矢车菊bachelor`s button;Centaurea cyanus L.
矢车菊corn flower; Bachler's button; blavert; blue bottle; centaury knapweed; Centaurea cyanus Ln spindletree
陶土水分蒸发计atomometer
套袋bagging
弯曲bending curvature
弯曲curvature
弯曲的curvate
萎缩atropghy
卫矛属（卫矛科）Euonymus; apindle-tree (Thunb.)
温度日数degree days
温度时数degree hours
细菌病bacteriosis
细菌病毒；噬菌体bacterial virus; bacteriophage
细菌橙黄色素bacterial carotenoids
细菌蛋白质bacterioprotein
细菌的bacterial
细菌毒素bacterial toxin
下垂的cernuous
下垂花序descending inflorescence
下垂椒Capsicum annuum L. var. longum Sendt.
下降（展开）法descending method
下降的；下垂descending
下倾的declinate
下位瘦果；菊果cypsela
下向性的apotropous
下向运输downhill transport
雄质arrhenoplasm
休眠dormancy
休眠孢子dormant spore
休眠打破dormancy breaking
休眠的dormant
休眠季节dormant season
休眠觉醒dormancy awakening
休眠期dormancy stage
休眠期dormant period
休眠期修剪dormant pruning
休眠夏胞子(銹菌类) amphispore
休眠癒合组织dormancy callus
休眠枝插条dormant wood cutting
休眠种子dormant seed
腋黄瑞香Daphne axillaris (Merr. et Chun) Chun et C.F. Wei
腋生axillary
腋生；花中生芽ecblastesis
腋生花axillary flower
腋生胎座轴axillary placentaxis
腋生体制axillary concatenation
腋外芽extra-axillary bud
腋芽axillary bud
叶绿鞘chlorophyll sheath
叶绿素chlorophyll
; chloroplastid
叶绿体chloroplastid; chloroplast; chlorophyll grain; chlorophyll body 叶片blade of leaves
叶片剥落exfoliation
叶鞘blade sheath; vagina
叶青素；青色素cyanophyll
叶肉diachya
一昼夜diel
蚁(共生)植物ant plants ; myrmecophytes
蚁附植物antepiphyte
蚁栖树Ceeropia adenopus
抑制解除deinhibition
抑制解除derepression
抑制解除disinhibition
抑制效果depression effect; depressor effect
抑制效果depressor effect (Delbruch 1945); depression effect
易变性大肠菌Bacterium coli mutabile; Escherichia coli mutabile
易位说dislocation hypothesis
疫病blight
异倍数体aploid ; heteroploid ; anorthoploid
异倍数体世代交替antithetic alternation
异丙醇avantin;isopropyl alcohol
异常的；不正常的abnormal
异常发育；异常方式发生anormogenesis
异常肥大生长abnormal thickening growth
有条件的；任意的；兼性的facultative
有限的；决定的determinate
有限花序definite inflorescence
有限花序determinate inflorescence
有限生长determinate growth
有效土壤水分available soil water
有效温度effective temperature
幼茎caulicle
幼体两性生殖bisexual paedogenesis
诱g；覆土earth mulch
芋属（天南星科；芋科）Colocacia
育种；品种改良；繁殖breeding
育种价；生殖价breeding value
育种价的相关correlation of breeding value
育种实验breeding experiment
育种田breeding field
育种系统breeding system
育种者；育种家breeder
癒合的；合著的connate
癒合叶connate leaf
癒伤材callus wood
癒伤组织；新生组织callus
元素；成分element
元素分析elementary analysis
元素缺乏element deficiency
种子上的冠毛aigret，aigrette
重瓣花double flower
重瓣曼陀罗（于）Datura fastuosa L.; cornucopia floripondia 重瓣品种double variety
皱皮属（褐藻）Cylindrocarpus
皱曲的crispate
（烟草的）中叶cutters
（沿茎）下延的decurrent
（洋葱的）子球dry set
重瓣花double flower
重瓣曼陀罗（于）Datura fastuosa L.; cornucopia floripondia 重瓣品种double variety。