Point of view泛读reading skill

Reading Skills – Finding the point of view
One of the most important decision a
writer makes as he writes a story is the narrative point of view he will use. The point of view is the story's perspective. Through whose eyes will you, the reader, see this story ? It answers two questions:
– Who tells the story? – What part does the narrator play in the action?
Finding the point of view
★ narrator VS. author
The narrator may be a fictive person devised by the author as a stand-alone entity, or may even be a character. The narrator is considered participant if an actual character in the story, and nonparticipant if only an implied character, or a sort of omniscient or semi-omniscient being who does not take part in the story but only relates it to the audience.
Second-person view
In second-person narrative mode, the
narrator refers to one of the characters as "you", therefore making the audience member feel as if he or she is a character within the story. Examples of this are the "Choose your own adventure" and "Fighting Fantasy" series of books which were popular in the 1980s. In letters and greeting cards, the secondperson narrative mode is often used in a non-fictional atmosphere
Third-person view
If the narrator of the story is not present or is present but not a
protagonist and a story told by someone else and not his own, the story is narrated by He/She perspective. The third-person modes are usually categorized along two axes. The first is the subjectivity/objectivity axis, with "subjective" narration describing one or more character's feelings and thoughts, while "objective" narration does not describe the feelings or thoughts of any characters. The second axis is between "omniscient" and "limited", a distinction that refers to the knowledge available to the narrator. An omniscient narrator has omniscient knowledge of time, people, places and events; a limited narrator, in contrast, may know absolutely everything about a single character and every piece of knowledge in that character's mind, but it is "limited" to that character — that is, it cannot describe things unknown to the focal character.
Narrative time
★ The narrative tense or narrative time determines the
grammatical tense of the story; whether in the past, present, or future.
Past tense
First-person view
Uses "I" or "we."
Many times the narrator is the protagonist, but this is not always true. In this point of view the reader only knows the thoughts of the narrator as he relates the story. First-person narration should suffer from the same limitations on knowledge that we suffer in the world, that is, they should not know other people’s thoughts, etc.
Narrative time
Present tense The events of the plot are depicted as occurring now—at the current moment—in real-time. In English this tense, known as the "historical present", is more common in spontaneous conversational narratives than in written literature. Future tense Extremely rare in literature; the events of the plot are depicted as occurring soon or eventually; often, these upcoming events are described in a way that makes it seem like the narrators uncannily know (or believe they know) the future. Some future-tense stories have a prophetic feel.
Third-person view
Third-person narration provides the greatest flexibility to the
author and thus is the most commonly used narrative mode in literature. In the third-person narrative mode, each and every character is referred to by the narrator as "he", "she", "it", or "they", but never as "I" or "we" (first-person), or "you" (second-person). In third-person narrative, it is obvious that the narrator be merely an unspecified entity or uninvolved person that conveys the story, but not a character of any kind within the story being told . Third-person singular (he/she) is overwhelmingly the most common type of third-person narrative, before there have been successful uses of the third-person plural (they). Even more common, however, is to see singular and plural used together in one story, at different times, depending upon the number of people being referred to at a given moment in the plot