2020届临川二中高三英语下学期期中考试试卷及答案解析

2020届临川二中高三英语下学期期中考试试卷及答案解析
第一部分阅读（共两节，满分40分）
第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项
A
It's just before l pm and hungry guests are starting to emerge out onto the wooden floor at the back of the Victoria Falls Safari Lodge in Zimbabwe. A few have already settled in for lunch, drinking beer and enjoying their sandwiches and salads in the sunshine. It's a normal setting until you look up. Overhead, the sky is filled with several hundred vultures (秃鹭).
They too have arrived for their midday snack. Every day the team at this hotel places last night's leftover meat out for the vultures to eat. They call it the "Vulture Restaurant" and it's a vital part of protecting these birds, who have become some of the most endangered species in Africa.
In Zimbabwe, where illegal hunting of elephants and rhinos is a major issue, poisoning poses a significant threat to the birds. "In recent years hunters have realized they can use poison to kill animals. It's effective because it's silent and therefore doesn't attract much attention.when the vultures eat the bodies of the dead animals they die too," says Roger Parry, Wildlife Manager at the Victoria Falls Wildlife Trust.
The Vulture Restaurant initiative is part feeding programme, part education programme. By attracting the birds to the Vulture Restaurant every day the team can ensure they're regularly getting a safe meal, and while the birds are there they can educate tourists from all over the world about these creatures.
“Lunch” is served by Moses Garira. He has the unenviable task of wandering out into the middle of the clearing with a box full of meat, dropping the contents onto the ground and running for his life as the vultures fly downward suddenly for their food. No one, surely, would volunteer for this role, but Garira rather enjoys it. Back in the safety of the viewing seats, he tells the onlookers about the importance of vultures. "They're hugely important in terms of their role of cleaning up the bodies of dead animals," says Garira. "Notably, they're safely able to digest bacteria like anthrax. Without vultures, there'd be a lot more disease in the world."
1. What's the biggest threat vultures facing in Zimbabwe?
A. Overhunting.
B. Unsafe food.
C. Loss of habitat.
D. A bird disease.
2. What would others think of Garira's job?
A. Scary.
B. Relaxing.
C. Well-paid.
D. Time-consuming
3. What do Garira's words mean?
A. Birds are human's best friends.
B. People know little about vultures.
C. Vultures are environmentally favorable.
D. Vultures are in urgentneed of protection.
B
Cuckoos don’t bother building their own nests—they just lay eggs that perfectly imitate those of other birds and take over their nests. But other birds are wishing up, evolving some seriously impressive tricks to spot the cuckoo eggs.
Cuckoos are often know asparasites, meaning that they hide their eggs in the nest of other species. To avoid detection, the cuckoos have evolved so that eggs seem reproduction of those of their preferred targets. If the host bird doesn’t notice the strange egg in its nest, the little cuckoo will actually take the entire nest for itself after it comes out, taking the other eggs on its back and dropping them out of the nest.
To avoid this unpleasant fate for their young, the other birds have evolved a few smart ways to spot the fakes, which we’re only now beginning to fully understand. One of the most amazing finds is that birds have an extra colour-sensitive cell in their eyes, which makes them far more sensitive to ultraviolet wavelengths and allows them to see a far greater range of colours than humans can. This allows cautious birds to detect a fake egg which might be exactly the same to our eyes.
Fascinatingly, we’re actually able to observe different bird species at very different points in their evolutionary war with the cuckoos. For instance, some cuckoos lay their eggs in the nests of the redstarts. The blue eggs these cuckoos lay are practically alike to those of the redstarts, and yet they are still sometimes rejected. Compare that with cuckoos who target dunnocks. While those birds lay perfectly blue eggs, their cuckoo invaders just lay white eggs with brown irregular shaped spots. And yet dunnocks barely ever seem to notice the obvious trick.
Biologists suspect these more easily fooled species like the dunnocks are on the same evolutionary path as
the redstarts, but they have a long way to go until they evolve the same levels of suspicion. What’s remarkable is that the dunnocks fakes are so bad and the redstart ones so good, and yet cuckoos are still more successful with the former than the latter.
It speaks to just how thoroughly a species’ behavior can be changed by the pressures of natural selection, or it might just be a bit of strategic cooperation on the part of the dunnocks. Biologists have suggested that these birds are willing to tolerate a parasite every so often because they don’t want to risk accidentally getting rid of one of their own eggs.
4. This passage can be most likely found in a ________.
A. science survey
B. nature magazine
C. zoo advertisement
D. travel journal
5. What does the underlined word “parasite” in paragraph 2 most probably refer to?
A. Animals that work together to raise young.
B Small harmful animals such as worms or mice.
C. Animals that can adapt to changing environments.
D. Animals which live on or inside other host animals.
6. Which of the following is TRUE about the dunnock according to the passage?
A. It is colour-blind and therefore cannot identify foreign eggs in the nest.
B. It can easily remove cuckoo eggs from the nest because fakes are so bad.
C. It is a host bird that is more likely to raise a cuckoo chick than the redstart.
D. It is unable to evolve and hence accepts cuckoo eggs that appear in the nest.
7. Which of the following can be inferred from the passage?
A. Dunnocks may eventually learn to recognise foreign eggs.
B. Redstarts seem to be less suspicious compared to dunnocks.
C. Cuckoo birds are good at taking responsibility for their own young.
D. It is very easy for cuckoos to imitate the colouring of the dunnock’s egg.
C
There is an old army joke about an officer who asks some soldiers whether any of them are interested in music. When four hands go up, the officer says, “Right, men. You can carry this grand piano down to the officers mess.”
Job recruitment has become more complicated since that story first did the rounds. Today's careers require a
lot more than just raw music but that sometimes makes jobs hard to define. An unfortunate result is a form of “adjective inflation” in recruitment ads as employers attempt to make routine tasks sound exciting.
Candidates must sometimes wonder whether they are applying for a 9-to-5-role or to become a member of the Marvel “Avengers”. On Indeed, a job-bunting website, a bar was recently looking for "bartenders who are people focused, quality-driven, and have superhero hospitality powers". The ability to give customers the correct change was not mentioned.
Another British company advertised for “a call-centre ninja, a superhero in people", a Job description which sounds a little over-the top for what was in fact a role at an insurance company in Isleworth. In case you think that ad was not typical. Indeed also had jobs demanding “ninja-like attention to detail". Short of turning up for the interview dressed head-to-toe in black, and then sneaking up behind the managing director at his desk, it is hard to see how candidates could show their ninja qualities.
Not all companies require candidates to possess the qualities of a ninja, of course. Some require applicants to be passionate. The Bluewater shopping mall in southeastEnglandwas looking for “passionate sales-driven brand ambassadors” while “passionate crew members” were needed at a bakery in westLondonfor a wage of just £8. 23 an hour. In fact, passion is pretty hard to keep consistently for 40 hours a week, month after month. Job applicants should find some information from the kind of ads that companies place. If a job ad talks about passion or superheroes, run away faster than a speeding Batmobile. Being a ninja should be reserved for teenage mutant ninja turtles.
8. Why does the author mention the joke in Paragraph 1?
A. To show that officers enjoy playing tricks on soldiers.
B. To introduce the topic of overstated job ads.
C. To explain the origin of complex job ads.
D. To describe soldiers' everyday life.
9. Which of the following offers a job demanding ninja qualities?
A. The bar.
B. The bakery.
C. The insurance company.
D. The Bluewater shopping mall.
10. What does the author say about the ads requiring passion?
A. They are unrealistic.
B. They are typical of want ads.
C. They are appealing to applicants.
D. They are uncommon on Indeed.
11. How does the author sound when talking about today’s job ads?
A. Curious.
B. Hesitant.
C. Humorous.
D. Sympathetic.
D
China's Mars probe Tianwen-1 successfully landed on the surface of the red planet on May 15, 2021, leaving a Chinese footprint on Mars for the first time and in its first attempt, becoming the only other nation besides theUSto get such an achievement. The Tianwen-1 probe touched down at its pre-selected landing area in the southern part of Utopia Planitia, a wide plain on Mars, at 7:18 a.m.(Beijing Time), after three months scanning the whole planet on Mars docking orbit, the China National Space Administration(CNSA) announced.
Tianwen-1, including an orbiter, a lander and a rover, was launched from the 'Wenchang Spacecraft Launch Site on the coast of southernChinas islandprovinceofHainanon July 23, 2020. It was the first step inChina's planetary exploration of the solar system, with the aim of completing orbiting, landing and roving on the red planet in one mission. According to the administration, the country's first Martian probe will conduct scientific investigations about the Martian soil, environment, atmosphere as well as water.
China's planetary exploration program has been named “Tianwen”, which was named after a long poem by the famous ancient poet Qu Yuan. The name represents the Chinese nation's willpower in pursuing truth, the country's cultural inheritance of its understanding of nature and universe, as well as the unending exploration in science and technology.
China's first Mars rover has been named “Zhurong”, which means the god of fire in an ancient Chinese story. The name indicates Chinese people's blessing for the rover to light the flame ofChina's planetary exploration. The rover has six wheels and four solar panels, and carries 13 scientific instruments. According to the CNSA, Zhurong has started its scientific exploration after moving from the landing platform onto the Red Planet's surface on May 22.
More than 40 Mars missions have been launched since the 1960s, but only about half have succeeded. It is the first time in the world that orbiting, landing and roving on Mars has been completed in one launch mission, andChinahas come to the forefront of Mars exploration in the world.
12. What can we learn from the first two paragraphs?
A. China is the only nation to launch a probe to Mars.
B. Tianwen-1 landed in the northern part of the planet.
C. Tianwen-1 scanned the southern part of the planet.
D. The Mars probe will carry out scientific investigations.
13. How did the planetary exploration program get its name?
A. From a long poem by Qu Yuan.
B. From an ancient Chinese story.
C. From Chinese nation's willpower.
D. From theChinaNational Space Administration.
14. Why does the author sayChinahas come to the leading position of Mars exploration?
A. The rover carried many scientific instruments.
B. China completed three tasks in one attempt.
C. The rover successfully moved from the landing platform onto Mars.
D. The CNSA is continuously exploring science and technology.
15. What is the text mainly about?
A. Tianwen-1 completed its mission.
B. Tianwen-1 represented the god of fire.
C. Tianwen-1 successfully landed on Mars.
D. Tianwen-1 was launched from Wenchang.
第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。

选项中有两项为多余选项There are now lots of products and services on the market.___16___It is vital,therefore,for a company to distinguish itself from its competitors by having a strong company image which is immediately recognizable.
Logos are part of this image.___17___The logo establishes a visual identity for the company,just as different groups of young people express their identity through hairstyles and clothes.All groups from all cultures and throughout the ages have used color1 s and symbols to show their identity.
___18___Some color1 s may be connected with coldness in one culture and with warmth in another . Some color1 s represent life in one culture but death in another.International companies have,therefore. to make sure that their logos will not be misunderstood in different countries.
The logos of large international companies are instantly recognizable throughout the world. One of the most famous logos is that of Coca-Cola.The design of the words"Coca-Cola"has not changed since 1886,although the surrounding design has been changed from time to time.Many companies have over the years,renewed their logos.___19___
Logos are used on packaging and brochures as well as on the product itself.They may also appear in newspapers or on television as part of an advertising campaign.___20___The logo helps to promote this image and to fix it in the minds of the customers.Logos,therefore,need to be original and to have impact and style.
A. Companies need to have a strong corporate identity.
B. In different cultures,different color1 s carry different meanings.
C. Colors and symbols,different in meanings,help identify a company.
D. Many of them are similar in content though produced by different companies.
E. They are symbols which often include a name or initials to identify a company.
F. So,they can better fit in with contemporary design and present more powerful images.
G. In this way,they are easier to be distinguished from those of the competing companies.
第二部分语言运用（共两节，满分45分）
第一节（共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分）
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项It was my first day at school. I felt nervous and___21___.
I went to all my classes with no___22___. It felt like no one cared.
I listened___23___to all the lessons and waited for the lunch break at one. Then finally the bell___24___. It was time to talk and have fun.
In the lunch line I met a new friend who___25___a hijab（穆斯林女性戴的面纱）on her head, and___26___I am Jewish, we got along well, and I was so___27___when she said, “Sit with us, at our table. " She___28___to the table next to the door.
So I___29___, and took my tray（托盘）and was about to___30___with her across the floor when suddenly I felt a push, "Hey, I saw you on the bus,“ said a tall girl in a long skirt, "I saw your Jewish star necklace. You should___31___with us. ”
At that moment I___32___, and that's when I noticed, to my___33___the nations of the world___34___themselves. That’s what I saw through my own eyes.
The Spanish only sat with the Spanish, the Hindus only with Hindus, the Russians always with Russians, and never the Arabs with the Jews.
I saw the reason why___35___gets started. Everyone___36___to their own kind. The___37___room was a map of the world. Why was everyone so___38___?
And so I turned down this girl, and went with the first, and there was no___39___. I built a bridge between two worlds when I sat with those who were___40___from me.
21. A. happy B. scared C. tired D. relaxed
22. A. teachers B. passions C. goals D. friends
23. A. anxiously B. carefully C. casually D. sadly
24. A. failed B. broke C. fell D. rang
25. A. designed B. wore C. made D. put
26. A. unless B. when C. though D. if
27. A. worried B. relieved C. angry D. grateful
28. A. led B. faced C. viewed D. pointed
29. A. ignored B. agreed C. refused D. promised
30. A. walk B. run C. communicate D. meet
31. A. joke B. learn C. talk D. sit
32. A. looked out B. looked down C. looked around D. looked on
33. A. disappointment B. horror C. surprise D. delight
34. A. enjoying B. isolating C. connecting D. helping
35. A. love B. help C. quarrel D. war
36. A. objects B. refers C. sticks D. adds
37. A. sitting B. living C. cafe D. lunch
38. A. cold B. blind C. bored D. mean
39. A. confidence B. hurt C. trouble D. demand
40. A. different B. separate C. far D. free
第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式
China’s Wukong, a____41.____(full) autonomous submersible(潜水器)that was developed by Harbin Engineering University, has reached a maximum underwater depth of 7, 709 meters,____42.____(set) a new diving record for domestic autonomous underwater vehicles.
Wukong returned to its home port of Qingdao, Shandong Province on Thursday after completing____43.____third phase of its deep-sea trial.
During this year’s deep-sea scientific expedition(探险)in the Western Pacific Ocean____44.____(organize) by the National Deep Sea Center of China from February 24 to April 1, Wukong had successfully reached a maximum deep-sea diving depth record of 7, 709 meters,____45.____broke its previous record of 5, 213 meters.
Capable____46.____full-ocean depth, it dived 5, 000 meters and 7, 000 meters respectively during the sea trials and retrieved(回收) water samples, laying a solid____47.____(found) for 11, 000-meter submersible tests. This is the second____48.____(deep)record in the world after the one set by the Russian Vityaz-D AUV.
Wukong, 2 meters long, 1 meter wide and 1.3 tons in weight, completed two sea trials at a 1, 500-meter depth in 2019.
Autonomous underwater vehicles____49.____(see) as one of the key emerging technologies in future naval warfare. But so far the complexity of this solution______50.______(mean) that no country in the world has fielded them operationally.
第四部分写作（共两节，满分40分）
第一节短文改错（满分10分）
51.假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。

文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。

每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。

增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧),并在其下面写出该加的词。

删除：把多余的词用斜线(\)划掉。

修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。

注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；
只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。

When you hear the name Hollywood, you probable think of lights, cameras and movie stars. Famous actor are not the only important people in the entertainment business. Directors or producers are also important. Today, Hollywood is full with producers and directors. However, only a few are so famous and successful as Hollywood's first motion picture businessman, Cecil.
Cecil was born in Ashfield, Massachusetts. Both his parents were writers of the plays. His father died when he is twelve years old. Her mother kept the family together by set up a theater company. Cecil joined in the company as an actor. He continued to work in his mother's theater company until 1913. Cecil gained a great deal fame with the movie telling a story of important events in history.
第二节书面表达（满分25分）
52.假如你是李华，你校将在校内给老师安排自愿接种新冠疫苗活动，请写信通知你的外教David，内容包括：
1.时间和地点；
2.注意事项；
3.建议参加。

参考词汇：疫苗：vaccine；接种疫苗：get vaccinated
注意：1.词数80左右；
2.可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。

参考答案
1. B
2. A
3. C
4. B
5. D
6. C
7. A
8. B 9. C 10. A 11. C
12. D 13. A 14. B 15. C
16. D 17. E 18. B 19. F 20. A
21. B 22. D 23. A 24. D 25. B 26. C 27. B 28. D 29. B 30. A 31. D 32.
C 33. C 34. B 35.
D 36. C 37. D 38. B 39. C 40. A
41. fully
42. setting
43. the 44. organized/organised
45. which 46. of
47. foundation
48. deepest
49. are seen
50. has meant
51.(1). probable→probably
(2). actor→actors
(3). or→and
(4). with→of
(5). so→as
(6). 删掉the
(7). is→was
(8). Her→His
(9). set→setting
(10). deal后加of
52.略。