新概念英语第三册笔记第24课

Lesson 24 A skeleton in the cupboard“家丑”
New words and expression 生词和短语
Skeleton n.骷髅（n.(动物之)骨架, 骨骼, 基干, 纲要, 万能钥匙）
Closet n.壁橱, 衣橱, 碗橱water closet（水箱）
a skeleton in the cupboard = a skeleton in the closet = a family skeleton 家丑
-- It is time to bring the family skeleton out of the cupboard. 该是公开家丑的时候。

skeleton key 万能钥匙
skeleton structure 骨架构造
skeleton staff 骨干人员
reduced to a skeleton 瘦得皮包骨
-- He has had nothing to eat for a couple of days so he has been reduced to a skeleton.
Seemingly adv.表面上地
they are seemingly unware of the situation
Respectable adj.体面的, 雅观的
-- The tie is for respectable people only. 这条领带只适合体面的人戴。

Decent adj.正派的, 端庄的, 有分寸的, (服装)得体的, 大方的
Graceful adj.优美的，优雅的
Deserving respect 可敬的
-- deserve（vt.应受, 值得）respect（n.尊敬, 敬重）
Respectable adj.可敬的, 有名望的, 高尚的, 值得尊敬的
Respectful adj.尊重人的, 有礼貌的I respectfully disagree
Is it better to be feared or respected? And I'd say is it too much to ask for both? They say the best weapon is one you never have to fire. I respectfully disagree .I prefer the weapon you only need to fire once.That's how Dad did it, that's how America dose it,and it's worked out pretty well so far. Find an excuse to let one of these off the chain, and I personally guarantee, the bad guys won't even wanna come out of their caves
-- A respectable person is respectful to others. 受人尊敬的人也会尊敬别人的。

Respective adj.分别的, 各自的-- All the students returned to their respective classrooms.
respecting prep 关于（生硬的书面语，出现的频率比concerning要低）
collective adj.集体的; 共有的; 共同的; 全体成员的; 总体的
Conceal v.隐藏, 隐瞒（比hide更加正式, 语气更强）
Conceal sth. from sb.
conceal oneself 潜伏，埋伏
-- He concealed his disappointment from his friends.（disappointment n.失望）
-- He concealed his debts from his wife.
Hide vt.vi.（hid, hidden, hiding）隐藏, 把…藏起来
-- When her mother came in the little girl hid behind the curtain.（很口语话）
disguise
to hide or change the nature of sth, so that it cannot be recognized 指掩蔽、掩饰、伪装，以免被认出：reveal
1、显出；露出；展示（示）（show sth that previously could not be seen）He laughed, revealing a line of white teeth 露出白牙
2、揭示；显示；透露（揭）（make sth known to sb）It was revealed that
Vivid adj.生动的（活泼的）
adj.鲜明的, 鲜艳的（光线、色彩等）-- a vivid color 鲜艳的颜色/ vivid blue 碧蓝色
adj.传神的, 栩栩如生的
She gave the police a vivid description of the accident. 她对警察生动地描述了这次事故。

比较级more vivid / 最高级the most vivid
lively adj. 生动的，栩栩如生的；活泼的（普通用词，指形象、描述等生动而逼真的，可与vivid 换用。

）lifelike adj栩栩如生的，逼真的(指图画、模型、刻画的人物等非常生动而逼真的，如同真实的景物或真人一般。

)
Dramatic adj.令人激动的, 扣人心弦的（戏剧性的, 生动的）
drama 戏剧
-- The dramatic scene is still vivid in his mind. 那扣人心弦的一幕在他脑海中仍很清晰。

Exciting adj.令人兴奋的, 使人激动的（没有dramatic那么强烈）
Striking adj.引人注意的, 显著的, 惊人的
ruin v.毁坏抽象的美好事物的损坏==spoil，语气比spoil要强。

比如holiday.
vt.破坏，毁灭
n. 废墟（多用复数形式），毁坏
be / lie in ruins: 破败不堪，垮掉，成为废墟
fall/come into ruin逐渐破碎
bring...to ruin使……失败；使……毁坏
heroine n.女主人公
hero 英雄，男主人公
heroin 海洛因
fiction n.小说（虚构, 编造）---- 集合名词, 小说的总称, 不可数
novel n.小说, 长篇故事（某一部具体的小说）
-- I prefer reading fiction to hearing about real events. 我喜欢阅读小说而不喜欢听真实的事件。

varying adj.不同的
vary vi.vt.改变, 变化-- The weather varies from day to day. 天气一天天变化。

==differs from==be different from
vary in 某方面vary in size/ style/ price
Varying = Various（adj.不同的, 各种各样的）= different kinds of for various reasons.
Different adj.不同的（与…不一样）-- My idea in different from yours.
variety (同一事物的)不同种类，多种式样;变化;多样化;多变性;(植物、语言等的)变种，变体;异体;品种There is a wide variety of patterns to choose from
variable 可变的，易变的variable temperatures
invariable 始终如一的; 永无变化的; It was his invariable custom to have one whisky before his supper
medicine n.医学take medicine 吃药
Guestroom n.（家庭中的）来客住房
Unpack vt.（从箱中）取出
Stack v.（整齐地）堆放, 排放[stæk]
n. (通常指码放整齐的)一叠，一摞，一堆;大量;许多;一大堆;(尤指工厂的)大烟囱
v. (使)放成整齐的一叠(或一摞、一堆);使成叠(或成摞、成堆)地放在…;使码放在…;(令飞机)分层盘旋等待着陆
-- Stack up the books.
-- The housewife is stacking up the clothing.
Stack n.摞, 叠, 大堆, 堆栈-- a stack of papers 一摞报纸/ a stack of books 一大堆书
pile up 堆放（比较整齐的）
Underclothes n.内衣
Underclothing n.内衣, 贴身衣裤Underwear n.内衣裤
under前缀
1、表示在…下
underground 地下的；秘密的；先锋派的；隐蔽的；在地下；秘密地，偷偷地；地铁；地下组织或活动；地道；地下；
underwear 衬衣，内衣；
underclothing 内衣，贴身衣裤；
undersea 海面下的，海底的；水下；
underline 在…下面画线；加强，强调；下划线；下期节目预告；图下说明文字；
2、表示不足，不够
underestimate 低估；对…估计不足；看轻；把…的价值估计过低；低估；估计不足；过低评价，过低估价；轻视；
underdeveloped 未充分发育或发展的；（国家等）经济不发达的；足的；（使）发展不完全，（使）显影不足( underdevelop的过
underofficer 使官员配备不足
Drawer n.抽屉
Tea tray茶盘[‘mætrəs]
Toilet抽水马桶Slippers拖鞋Lotion润肤露Shampoo洗发精Hanger挂钩，衣架
Pillow枕头Bed sheet床单Quilt棉被Mattress床垫Mug马克杯Toothpick牙签
Tissue面巾纸Napkin餐巾Bathtub浴缸Bathtub浴缸Bathrobe浴衣Comb梳子
Toothpaste牙膏Toothbrush牙刷Shaver剃须刀Wardrobe衣橱Iron board熨斗板
Pajama睡衣Remote control遥控器Stationery文具Drawer抽屉Curtain窗帘
Dressing table梳妆台Switch开关Door latch门闩Knob门把手Peep hole猫眼
petrify v.使惊呆[‘petrɪfaɪ] v. 使吓呆;使惊呆;(使)石化
shock vt.使…震惊n.打击, 震动dumbfound vt.使惊愕；使惊呆；使目瞪口呆
Petrified adj.感到震惊的/ Petrifying adj.令人震惊的零-- At the new I was petrified.
dangle v.悬挂
[V , usually + adv./prep.] 悬垂；悬挂；悬荡；悬摆to hang or swing freely
[VN] 提着（某物，任其自然下垂或摆动）；来回摆动着to hold sth so that it hangs or swings freely
hang v. 悬挂，悬吊通常指顶端固定或有支撑，另一端则悬于空中。

suspend v. [正式]悬，挂；使悬浮指悬挂、悬浮于某处，可以自由摆动等。

sway [sweɪ]v.摇摆（常指轻轻地不规则摇摆）
rock v. （使）摇摆，摇晃指轻微地来回摆动。

(to move slowly from side to side; to move sth in this way) sway v. 摇摆，摇晃指不稳定或灵活的东西来回晃动，如树木、枝叶等。

swing v. 摇摆，摇荡，挥舞n 秋千（以某固定点为中心，来回幅度相同）指某物一端固定，另一端来回摆动。

unsympathetic adj.不表同情的, 无动于衷的
be unsympathetic to sb. 对某人不表示同情
-- I told him about my experience but he was unsympathetic to me.
Sympathetic adj.同情的,表示同情的, 感到同情的
-- The manager was sympathetic (to me), but he could do nothing (to help me).
这位经理表示同情,但他无能为力。

Unsympathetically adv.无同情心的, 冷淡的
Sympathetically adv.同情地, 怜悯地
Sympathy n.同情, 同情心
In sympathy = sympathetically
medical adj.医学的
stranger n.陌生人secret n.秘密
adj.近的, 紧密的, 亲密的adv.接近,
closest adj.最靠近的
youth n.青春, 青年时期, 初期n.少年, 青年们
detective n.侦探adj.侦探的shirt n.衬衫, 衬衣
slightly adv.轻微地, 有一点, 略, 苗条地
dash vt., vi.突进, 飞跑
1、急冲go quickly [V , usually + adv./prep.] 急奔；急驰；猛冲to go somewhere very quickly
2、投掷；击打throw/beat [+ adv./prep.] 猛掷；猛击；猛撞
3、[C] 破折号
once upon a time adv.从前
Text 课文
Who was Sebastian?
We often read in novels how a seemingly respectable person or family has some terrible
secret which has been concealed from strangers for years.
How引导宾语从句（以及宾语后置）以及宾语从句中套用了which定语从句
has some terrible secret = has a skeleton in the cupboard = has a skeleton in the closet 家丑
which引导的定语从句修饰secret
seemingly adv.表面上地（= from appearance）-- a seemingly respectable person 表面上受人尊敬的人
The English language possesses a vivid saying to describe this sort of situation.
Possess = own = have got
to describe this sort of situation 来描述这种场景（做定语用来修饰saying）
-- The English language possesses a vivid word to describe her beauty.
The terrible secret is called‘a skeleton in the cupboard’.
==a skeleton in the closet== a family skeleton 柜重骷髅，不可外扬的家丑
At some dramatic moment in the story, the terrible secret becomes known and a reputation
is ruined.
Some 某一个（修饰单数可数名词）= a certain
Ruin vt.毁坏, 毁灭（泛指概念, 表示毁坏的过程不是一下完成的）
= spoil vt.搞糟, 宠坏v.扰乱==poison（上节课）
-- The rain ruined my holiday. = The rain spoiled my holiday.
Destroy vt.破坏, 毁坏v.消灭, 摧毁（完全摧毁, 不可修复）
-- To tell the patient the truth is to risk destroying his hope.
-- The earthquake destroyed almost the entire city.
Damage vt.损害, 损坏, 使受损失（可以被修复）
-- The car is damaged and it is be repairing now.
The reader's hair stands on end when he reads in the final pages of the novel that the heroine, a dear old lady who had always been so kind to everybody, had, in her youth, poisoned every
one of her five husbands.
on end = continuously adv.连续的（位于具体的时间之后）（介词短语做状语）
-- He sat there for hours on end.
on end = upright adv.竖着
-- The cat's fur stood on end.
one’s hair stands on end 某人感到毛骨悚然= sb feel horrified （adj.带有恐怖感的, 惊骇的）
-- My hair stands on end. 我感到毛骨悚然
set/make one’s hair stands on end 使某人感到毛骨悚然
-- horrid adj.恐怖的, 令人讨厌的, 可怕的
-- The horrid film really make my hair stands on end.
that引导的宾语从句，仍然是，宾语后置
整体来看，状语从句中套了宾语从句中套了定语从句
in her youth 在她年轻的时候（插入语==when she was young）
everyone （单独用every和one连在一起）every one of （与of搭配every和one要分开）
It is all very well for such things to occur in fiction.
It is all very well…but…好到是好, 但是…（无可非义的，还可以,都很正常）
-- It is all very well for you to suggest taking a few days’ rest, but how can finish our work in time?
-- It is all very well for them to ask me to do it, but I am too busy.
for对，引出不定式的逻辑主语such things
Occur vi.发生, 出现（某个事件出乎意料的、偶然的发生）-- 比happen更正式
-- When did the accident occur?
It occurred to me to do…/ It occurred to me that…
-- It occurred to me to open the window.
Happen vi.发生, 碰巧, 偶然（某个事件出乎意料的、偶然的发生）
-- When did the accident happen?
Take place v.发生, 举行（事件根据安排而发生、举行）
-- When will the wedding take place?
To varying degrees, we all have secrets which we do not want even our closest friends to
learn, but few of us have skeletons in the cupboard.
To varying degrees 从不同的角度来讲…to some degree to certain degree
Which引导定语从句, 修饰secret。

Learn 得知、了解某个事实/ 学习某种知识、技能
-- She is learning computers. 她正在学习电脑。

（动态动词）
Know 知道某个事实/ 具有某种知识、技能/ 了解某个人（状态动词, 不能用进行时）
-- She knows about computers. 她懂电脑。

The only person I know who has a skeleton in the cupboard is George Carlton, and he is
very proud of the fact. George studied medicine in his youth.
Instead of becoming a doctor, however, he became a successful writer of detective stories.
Instead of doing…表示相反、没有、取而代之的是…（句中做方式状语）
-- Instead of sleeping at home, he went shopping.
I once spent an uncomfortable weekend which I shall never forget at his house.
Which指代uncomfortable weekend
Shall的用法：
will代替)
3> [用于陈述句第二、三人称, 表示说话者的意图、警告、命令、决心等, 主语的行动受讲话者支配] 必须, 应, 可
-- He shall go. 他可以去。

-- You shall have an answer by tomorrow. 到明天你可以得到答复。

-- He shall have a bicycle for his birthday. 他可以得到一架自行车作为生日礼物。

-- She shall not enter my house again. 她不得再进我家。

4> [在问句中, 征询对方对于主语行动的意见(提供帮助, 提出建议、要求给予指示和征求意见), 主要用于第一、三人称]... 好吗? 要不要...?
-- Shall I carry your bag ? 我帮你拿手提包, 好吗?
-- Shall he come to see you ? 要不要他来看你?
5> [用于第三人称, 在条约、规定、法令等文件中表示义务或规定]应, 必须
-- No reader shall remove a book from the library without consent of the librarian.
非经管理员同意, 读者不准把书带出图书馆。

-- The National Party Congress shall be convened every five years .
党的全国代表大会每五年举行一次。

6> [在表示意图、要求等的从句中] 应该, 要
-- I wish that you shall stay at home tonight. 我希望今晚你留在家里。

-- You say you will not do it, but I say you shall do it.
你说你不做这事, 但是我说, 你非做不可。

7> [用于将来时态的间接引语, 与直接引语中的shall相应]将
-- He says that he shall [will] be glad to see you. (=He says, “I shall be glad to see you.”)他说他将乐意来看你。

George showed me to the guestroom which, he said, was rarely used.
Show/lead sb to…带领某人进入…
Which指代guestroom
was rarely used = was little used
rarely adv.很少地, 罕有地（频率）
little adv.很少n.少许adj.很少的（程度和数量）has little know little about
He told me to unpack my things and then come down to dinner.
After I had stacked my shirts and underclothes in two empty drawers, I decided to hang one of the two suits I had brought with me in the cupboard.
I opened the cupboard door and then stood in front of it petrified.
stand in front of sth petrified 站在…前, 目瞪口呆
-- We stood petrified as we felt the earthquake began.
Frighten vt.使惊吓（在某个特定的场合受到惊吓）
-- I was frighten by a large dog.
Terrified adj.恐惧的, 受惊吓的（表示惊吓的程度非常强烈）
-- I was terrified when the tiger went towards me.
Afraid adj.害怕, 担心（表示一种状态, 永久性的恐惧）
-- The girl is afraid of mouse.
A skeleton was dangling before my eyes.
The sudden movement of the door made it sway slightly and it gave me the impression that it was about to leap out at me.
gave me the impression that…给某人以…的印象
that引导同位语从句, 进一步说明impression的内涵。

-- He gave me the impression that he will help me every day.
Be about to do sth 表示即将、就要（暗示动作即将发生）
-- I was about to go to bed when there was a knock at the door.
-- We were just about to leave when you telephoned.（多与when连用）
leap out at sb 跳出来扑向某人
Dropping my suit, I dashed downstairs to tell George.
This was worse than‘a terrible secret’; this was a real skeleton!
But George was unsympathetic.
‘Oh, that, ’he said with a smile as if he were talking about an old friend.
As if引导虚拟语气
现在用过去
过去用过完
将来用would do（表可能性）
‘That's Sebastian. You forget that I was a medical student once upon a time.’
Sebastian n.塞巴斯蒂安（古罗马的殉道者, 一般被刻画为裸体青年）
Multiple choice questions 多项选择
1>A in what respect 在什么方面（rarely adv.很少地, 罕有地）
fact指代柜子中真正有骷髅这件事
concerning prep.关于，有关-- I spoke to him concerning his behavior. 我和他谈了他的行为。

2>C Underwear n.内衣裤3>A
4>A having为现在分词做定语C选项中的whom应该为who
5>C 运用动词不定式修饰名词。

（起定语从句的作用）
这样的名词前都有序数词：the first person, the only person, the last person
6>B something 有价值的事, 有意义的事（代词：有价值或重要的人或物）
what = all 全部（范围太广）
7>A no sooner…than…8>B
9>D owe vt.欠(债等) vi.欠钱
has = own（vt.拥有adj.自己的）
10>A
little 否定语义的副词
uncommonly adv.不平常的, 不平凡的, 罕见地preciously adv.宝贵的, 贵重的
11>D
item n.项目, 条款, 物品
object n.物体, 目标, 宾语, 对象
trunk n.树干, 躯干, 箱子, 象鼻
belongings n.财产, 所有物= possession n.（私人）财产（常用复数）
12>A
be about to do… = be on the point of…即将、即可做某事
be concerned with 对…关心, 与...有关, 牵涉到, 参与
think of v.考虑, 关心, 想起。