辽宁省朝阳市2017高考英语一轮复习 九月阅读理解选编(二)

辽宁朝阳市2017高考英语九月阅读理解选编（二）
阅读理解。

阅读下列短文, 从给的四个选项 (A、B、C和D) 中, 选出最佳选项。

【2014·山东省济南市高考模拟】
To win an Oscar is an achievement at any age.To do so at 22，like Jennifer Lawrence，is just amazing.Recently，the American star won Best Actress at this year’s Academy Award s for her role in the film Silver Linings Playbook.According to Time magazine’s Richard Corliss，Lawrence is a rare young actress who lends mature intelligence to any role.
Though Lawrence has found great success through her big screen work，she wasn’t sure what she really liked doing before the age of 14.She thought she’d go to college and maybe find a career as a doctor or a travel agent.
Lawrence’s two brothe rs were star athletes and one of them was a straight­A student.Unlike them，she suffered through school，never finding where she belonged.However，during a trip to New York，Lawrence suddenly realized that she wanted to be an actress.When she was enjoying the beautiful city，a model seeker asked if he could take her picture，and the next day he called her in for an audition (试镜)．
“I read the scr ipt and it was the first time I had that feeling like I understand this，” Lawrence said.“Within 20 minutes in the cab ride from the hotel，I decided I didn’t want to be a model.In fact，I wanted to be an actress.”Having appreciated this young lady’s performance，the agency was so impresed with her reading that they signed her on the spot.But she insisted on finishing high school so she could pay her full attention to her acting career.
Lawrence burst onto the Hollywood scene last year with The Hunger Games，which established her as the highest­grossing (票房最高的) female action hero of all time.Rolling Stone called her “the most talented young actress in America”．
1．Which of the following is true of Jennifer Lawrence?
A．She achieved her dream by chance.
B．She used to be a well­known model.
C．She was awarded by the Academy Awards.
D．She wanted to be an actress at an early age.
2．What can we know about Jennifer Lawrence from Paragraph 3?
A．Her parents were really strict with her.
B．She seemed not to fit in with her school life well.
C．Her school performance made her today’s fame.
D．Her two brothers were doing well in all school subjects.
3．Lawrence made up her mind to be an actress because of________.
A．a model interview
B．her br others’ examples
C．the taxi ride to her hotel
D．the beautiful scenery of New York
4．From the text we can know that Lawrence is an actress of great________.
A．confidence B．ambition
C．independence D．talent
5．What is the best title of the text?
A．Choosing Right B．Acting Wisely
C．Winning Young D．Following Dreams
语篇解读本文主要讲述了好莱坞明星詹妮弗·劳伦斯凭借自己的才能和努力飞向梦想的殿堂的故
事。

1．解析：细节理解题。

根据第一段的第三句“Recently，the American star won Best Actress at this year’s Academy Awards for her role in the film Silver Linings Playbook.”可知应选C。

答案： C
2．解析：细节理解题。

根据第三段的第二句“Unlike them，she suffered through school，never finding where she belonged.”可知她不是很适应学校生活，所以选B。

答案： B
3．解析：细节理解题。

根据第三段的内容可知，劳伦斯想成为一名演员的想法来源于一次模特面试，所以选A。

答案： A
4．解析：细节理解题。

根据第一段最后一句中的“a rare young actress who lends matur e intelligence to any role”和最后一段的第二句“Rolling Stone called her ‘the most talented young actress in America’”．可知应选D。

答案： D
5．解析：主旨大意题。

通读全文可知，Jennifer Lawrence年轻时凭借自己的才能和努力取得了成功。

故最佳标题为Winning Young。

答案：C。

（2016高考英语阅读理解精练）阅读下面短文，选择最佳答案。

If the earth's population is in growth at this rate , there will not be enough resources. By the middle of the 21st century, if present trends continue, we will have used up all the oil that drives
our cars, for example. Even if scientists develop new ways of feeding the human race, the crowded conditions on the earth will make it necessary for us to look for open space somewhere else. But none of the other planets in our solar system are capable of supporting life at present. One possible solution to the problem, however, has recently been suggested by American scientist, Professor Carl Sagan.
Sagan believes that before the earth's resources are completely exhausted it will be possible to change the atmosphere of Venus and so create a new world almost as large as the earth itself. The difficult is that Venus is much hotter than the earth and there is only a tiny amount of water there.
Sagan proposes that algae organisms(海藻有机体) that can live in extremely hot or cold atmospheres and at the same time produce oxygen, should be bred in condition similar to those on Venus. As soon as this has been done, the algae will be placed in small rockets. Spaceship will then fly to Venus and fire the rockets into the atmosphere .In a fairly short time, the algae will break down the carbon dioxide into oxygen and carbon.
When the algae have done their work, the atmosphere will become cooler, but before man can set foot on Venus it will be necessary for the oxygen to produce rain. The surface of the planet will still be too hot for man to land on it but the rain will eventually fall and in a few years something like earth will be reproduced on Venus.
1.In the long run, the most difficult problem caused by population growth on the earth will probably be the lack of ______.
A. oil
B. food
C. resources
D. space
2.Carl Sagan believes that Venus might be a living place because _____
A. the days on Venus are long enough
B. it might be possible to change its atmosphere
C. there is a good supply of water on Venus
D. its atmosphere is the same as the earth's
3.Algae are plants that can____.
A. live in very hot temperature
B. live in very cold temperature
C. produce oxygen
D. all of the above
4. Man can land on Venus only when_______.
A. it rains there
B. there is oxygen
C. the atmosphere becomes cooler
D. the algae have done their work
【参考答案】1-4 DBDA
文学赏析类
(2013·江西，D)Mark Twain has been called the inventor of the American novel.And he surely deserves additional praise：the man who popularized the clever literary attack on racism.
I say clever because a nti­slavery fiction had been the important part of the literature in the years before the Civil War.H.B.Stowe's Uncle Tom's Cabin is only the most famous example.These early stories dealt directly with slavery.With minor exceptions，Twain planted his attacks on slavery and prejudice into tales that were on the surface about something else entirely.He drew his readers into the argument by drawing them into the story.
Again and again，in the postwar years，Twain seemed forced to deal with the challenge of race.Consider the most controversial，at least today，of Twain's novels，Adventures of Huckleberry Finn.Only a few books have been kicked off the shelves as often as Huckleberry Finn，Twain's most widely read tale.Once upon a time，people hated the book because it struck them as rude.Twain himself wrote that those who banned the book considered the novel “trash and suitable only for the slums(贫民窟)．”More recently the book has been attacked because of the character Jim，the escaped slave，and many occurences of the word nigger.(The term Nigger Jim，for which the novel is often severely criticized，never appears in it.)
But the attacks were and are silly—and miss the point.The novel is strongly anti­slavery.Jim's search through the slave states for the family from whom he has been forcibly parted is heroic.As J．Chadwick has pointed out，the character of Jim was a first in American fiction—a recognition that the slave had two personalities，“the voice of survival within a white slave culture and the voice of the individual：Jim，the father and the man.”
There is much more.Twain's mystery novel Pudd'nhead Wilson stood as a challenge to the racial beliefs of even many of the liberals of his day.Written at a time when the accepted wisdom held Negroes to be inferior(低等的)to whites，especially in intelligence，Twain's tale centered in part around two babies switched at birth.A slave gave birth to her master's baby and，for fear that the child should be sold South，switched him for the master's baby by his wife.The slave's lightskinned child was taken to be white and grew up with both the attitudes and the education of the slave­holding class.The master's wife's baby was taken for black and grew up with the attitudes and intonations of the slave.
The point was difficult to miss：nurture(养育)，not nature，was the key to social status.The features of the black man that provided the stuff of prejudice—manner of speech，for example—were，to Twain，indicative of nothing other than the conditioning that slavery forced on its victims. Twain's racial tone was not perfect.One is left uneasy，for example，by the lengthy passage in his autobiography(自传)about how much he loved what were called“nigger shows”in his youth—mostly with white men performing in black­face—and his delight in getting his mother to laugh at them.Yet there is no reason to think Twain saw the shows as representing reality.His frequent attacks on slavery and prejudice suggest his keen awareness that they did not.
Was Twain a racist？Asking the question in the 21st century is as wise as asking the same of Lincoln.If we read the words and attitudes of the past through the“wisdom”of the considered moral judgments of the present，we will find nothing but error.Lincoln，who believed the black man the inferior of the white，fought and won a war to free him.And Twain，raised in a slave state，briefly a soldier，and inventor of Jim，may have done more to anger the nation over racial injustice and awaken its collective conscience than any other novelist in the past century.
【语篇解读】通过研究马克·吐温的作品，来判定他是否是一名种族主义者。

作者列举了大量事实，说明了马克·吐温是名反对种族主义的斗士，反驳了别人那些错误的观点。

18．How do Twain's novels on slavery differ from Stowe's?
A．Twain was more willng to deal with racism.
B．Twain's attack on racism was much less open.
C．Twain's themes seemed to agree with plots.
D．Twain was openly concerned with racism.
解析推理判断题。

由第二段With minor exceptions，Twain planted his attacks on slavery and prejudice into tales that were on the surface about something else directly可知。

答案 B
19．Recent criticism of Adventures of Huckleberry Finn arose partly from its________. A．target readers at the bottom
B．anti­slavery attitude
C．rather impolite language
D．frequent use of “nigger”
解析细节理解题。

由第三段More recently the book has been attacked because of the character Jim，the escaped slave，and many occurences of the word nigger.(The term Nigger Jim，for which the novel is often severely criticized，never appears in it.)可知。

答案 D
20．What best pro ves Twain's anti­slavery stand according to the author?
A．Jim's search for his family was described in detail.
B．The slave's voice was first heard in American novels.
C．Jim grew up into a man and a father in the white culture.
D．Twain suspected that the slaves were less intelligent.
解析推理判断题。

由第五段中的后三句话可推出。

答案 C
21．The story of two babies switched mainly indicates that________.
A．slaves were forced to give up their babies to their masters
B．slaves' babies could pick up slave­holders' way of speaking
C．blacks' social position was shaped by how they were brought up
D．blacks were born with certain features of prejudice
解析推理判断题。

由第六段第一句The point was difficult to miss：nurture(养育)，not nature，was the key to social status，可推知。

答案 C
22．What does the underlined word “they” in Paragraph 7 refer to?
A．The attacks. B．Slavery and prejudice.
C．White men. D．The shows.
解析词义辨析题。

由第七段Yet there is no reason to think Twain saw the shows as representing reality.His frequent attacks on slavery and prejudice suggest his keen awareness that they did not.可知。

答案 D
23．What does the author mainly argue for?
A．Twain had done more than his contemporary writers to attack racism.
B．Twain was an admirable figure comparable to Abraham Lincoln.
C．Twain's works had been banned on unreasonable grounds.
D．Twain's works should be read from a historical point of view.
解析主旨大意题。

该篇从马克·吐温的人生经历，他的作品及其它作者的作品进行比对后，作者得出了：马克·吐温比与他同时代的作家更反对种族主义。

答案 A
阅读理解------B
Chemicals used for industrial processes often create dangerous forms of waste. The amount of these chemicals has risen heavily in the past few years, as more areas of the world industrialize and new products are produced. Over 80,000 different chemicals are used in industries world-wide.
Around the world hundreds of millions of tons of harmful waste are produced each year. Often, it is difficult and expensive to get rid of these chemicals or to store them in a way that does not endanger human life and the environment.
Every year, major health problems result from harmful waste. Sadly, it is often after someone has died or, become seriously ill that governments will take actions and reduce levels of dumped （倾倒的）harmful waste. In 1989, a school in New Jersey had to be closed because students there had suffered too much exposure（暴露）to chromium（铬）. It was later learned that large amounts of chromium had been dumped nearby and blown over to the school area.
Research has been done to provide information on the effects of every chemical. Because waste chemicals often mix together, it will also be necessary to learn how the combinations of these chemicals affect human health.
Some governments have realized how serious the problem is and are making laws to get rid of harmful waste. They are also trying to limit the amount of waste industries are allowed to produce. Not only governments but the public as well must form part of the solution. They can choose not to buy those products which require the production of harmful waste, attempt to affect policymakers, and produce less harmful waste themselves. Many scientists think that waste production can be cut. The waste can be reduced by at least one-third using existing technologies and methods.
1. What is mainly discussed in the text?
A. The effect of every chemical.
B. Problems of harmful waste.
C. Chemicals used for industrial processes.
D. Events related to waste chemicals. 答案解析：答案为B。

本题为主旨大意题。

文章先陈述工业生产过程中使用化学物产生的有害垃圾所导致的问题，并举例证明，最后探讨解决这一问题的方案。

在第一段的首句“Chemicals used for industrial processes often create dangerous forms of waste.”和最后一句“Often, it is difficult and expensive to get rid of these chemicals or to store them in a way that does not endanger human life and the envir onment.”都是在指出有害垃圾这一严峻的问题。

故答案为B。

2. From the text we know that .
A. chromium can poison people when there is a wind
B. chromium pollution makes the local government close the school
C. some governments don’t realize how serious the problems are u ntil people suffer a lot from harmful waste
D. about two-thirds of the waste can pollute the environment
答案解析：答案为C。

本题为细节推理题。

从第二段的第三句话“In 1989, a school in New Jersey had to be closed because students there had suffered too much exposure（暴露）to chromium（铬）.”可知，学校不得不被迫关闭是由于学生暴露在倾倒的垃圾铬之中，生命受到了威胁，故答案为C “直到人们饱受有害废弃垃圾的危害，政府才意识到问题的严重性。

B选项只是文章的细节，属于表面现象；C选项真正概括了问题的本质，是通过细节推理出的总结性答案。

故选C。

从第二段的最后一句话“It wa s later learned that large amounts of chromium had been dumped nearby and blown over to the school area.”可知，铬威胁着人的生命是由于“dumped nearby and blown over”即“倾倒而被风吹拂”, 而不仅仅由于风，故A选项错误。

D选项与文章最后一句话“The waste can be reduced by at least one-third using existing technologies and methods.”不符。

3. Which of the following least matches the solution the writer refers to?
A. Chemicals used for industrial processes should be banned.
B. People can make use of the existing technologies and methods to reduce the waste.
C. Policymakers make laws to limit the production of harmful waste.
D. People choose not to buy products which may produce harmful waste.
答案解析：答案为A。

本题考查作者的观点态度。

解答此题需看清题意“哪个选项与作者提到的解决方案最不匹配?”从文章的最后一段最后一句话“The waste can be reduced by at least one-third using existing technologies and methods.”可知，B选项正确；从最后一段“They can choose not to buy those products which require the production of harmful waste, attempt to affect policymakers, and produce less harmful waste themselves.”可知，作者的态度是号召政府与公众不买生产有害垃圾的产品；政策制定者可以生产较少的有害垃圾，而非禁止工业生产过程中使用化学物品。

故C、D是正确的，A选项与作者的态度最不匹配。

4. The writer of the text thinks that .
A. governments should have forbidden the production of waste chemicals
B. mixed waste chemicals can always be stored without endangering people
C. industries must not produce waste chemicals which harm people so much
D. everyone can do something to help solve the problem of waste chemicals
答案解析：答案为D。

本题考查作者的观点态度。

结合上题分析，作者认为应该限制和减少有害化学物的生产，而不是A选项的禁止，也不是C选项的不允许生产，故A、C不正确；B选项在文章中未提及， always
一词也使得该选项太绝对，故不选。

只有D选项才是作者的观点：人人都可以帮助解决有害化学物的问题。

故答案为D。