2020中考英语复习阅读理解：理解信息题(说明文、议论文15篇)

2020中考英语阅读理解：理解信息题(说明文、议论文15篇) 1．(易)（学习）
Read how Sofia writes a composition.
53. From the passage we can know Sofia is a .
A. driver
B. doctor
C. student
D. parent
答案: C
答题依据：第一幅图及最后一幅图的文字说明。

The weekend before she has to give it to the teacher及Finally, she writes out her composition onto a clean piece of paper and puts it in her bag.
2．(易) (学生问题)
It is reported that many middle school students are just not getting enough sleep, especially during the school week. The problems seem to get worse as they get older. Year 7 students sleep 8.4 hours on a school night, and year 9 students only 6.9 hours.
It is also reported that not getting enough sleep can cause problems in a student’s life. Many students fall asleep in school or while doing their homework, so it is not surprising that they get lower grades than those who get enough sleep. Scientists suggest nine hours a night for middle school students.
Of the students who feel unhappy and nervous, 73% don’t get enough sleep at night.
Why aren’t students getting enough sleep? Many students have one of the following things, like telephone, television, or computer, in their bedrooms, using them on a school night not only takes their time away from homework, but also makes it difficult for them to fall asleep. As a result, many students can’t fall asleep before 11p.m., yet they must get up early to go to school.
Scientists also suggest students should not do exciting activities for an hour before bedtime.
51. According to the report, who might get the most sleep?
A. Year 7 students.
B. Year 8 students.
C. Year 9 students.
D. Year 10 students.
答案: A
答题依据:第一段The problems seem to get worse as they get older. Year 7 students sleep 8.4 hours on a school night, and year 9 students only 6.9 hours.
3.(易) (气候与环境)
The earth has warmed by about half a degree (0.5) over the last 100 years. It could be getting warmer on its own, but many scientists think that people are making the Earth warmer by making a greenhouse effect (温室效应). The greenhouse effect is important. Without it, the Earth would not be warm enough for us to live on. But
just a little warmer than it is now could cause problems for humans, plants and
animals.
Many of things we do every day can change the Earth’s temperature by sending
greenhouse gases into the air .We send greenhouse gases into the air when we watch
TV ,turn on lights, dry hair, play video games, wash or dry our clothes or drive
cars. The rubbish from factories and homes also produces greenhouse gases.
Even a small change in temperature can affect our weather .This can cause changes
in the sea levels, the air, flooding, and our fresh water.
The change in the temperature can also cause changes in the living places for
animals and plants, endangering many animals.
Global warming (全球变暖)is a big problem, and every little bit we do can help.
We can save electricity. We can save energy in other ways such as by taking buses
or walking rather than driving cars. We can recycle to reduce the rubbish and save
natural resourc es such as trees, oil and metals. We can buy products that don’t
do bad to the environment and we can turn to solar energy. Remember the little bit
that you do will bring a better world.
52. Without the greenhouse effect, we would ____________.
A. not be able to live
B. be safer
C. have a cleaner earth
D. have a better world
答案: A
答题依据:第一段The greenhouse effect is important. Without it, the Earth would not
be warm enough for us to live on.
4.(中) (社会关系)
When I was a boy growing up in New Jersey in the 1960s, we had a milkman delivering
milk to our doorstep. His name was Mr. Basille. He wore a white cap and drove a white
truck.
Of course, he delivered (分发) more than milk. There was cheese, eggs and so
on. If we needed to change our order, my mother would write a note —“Please add
a bottle of buttermilk next delivery”. Then she put the note and the empty bottles into the milk box. The next day, the buttermilk would magically appear.
There was also a close relationship between families and their milkmen. Mr. Basille even had a key to our house, for those times when it was so cold outside that we put the box in the house, so that the milk wouldn’t freeze. And I remember Mr. Basille from time to time taking a break at our kitchen table, having a cup of tea and telling stories about his delivery.
I am sad that there is no home milk delivery today. Big companies produce cheaper milk, and milk is for sale everywhere. People may not need the milkman anymore.
Recently, I saw an old milk box in the countryside and it brought back my childhood memories. I took it home and put it outside the door. My son’s friends always ask what it is. So I start telling stories of my boyhood, and of the milkman who brought us friendship with his milk.
52. The writer brought back home an old milk box because he _____.
A. missed the good old days
B. wanted to tell funny stories
C. needed it for his milk bottle
D. wanted to give it to the milkman
答案: A
答题依据: 最后一段I saw an old milk box in the countryside and it brought back my childhood memories. I took it home and put it outside the door.
5.(中) (自然与环境)
It is said that another acre of the world’s forest will be destroyed forever. Why is this happening? There are two reasons — land and wood. In many countries the trees have been cut down because the land was needed for animals or crops. In other parts of the world the trees are cut down because their wood is wanted. This wood is used by local people for firewood or it is used for building. But many people don’t know that in most places the trees won’t be replaced. The soil in the forests is very thin, but it is protected by the trees. When the trees are cut down, the
soil is washed away by the rain or blown away by the wind. Soon nothing can be grown on it. The forest becomes a desert. Then more land will be needed, and more trees will be cut down.
When the forest is destroyed, it isn’t only the trees that are lost — the homes of millions of animals and plants are destroyed, too. All kinds of animals are in danger — fish，reptiles, birds, mammals, insects, and shellfish — as well as thousands of plants.
Who is to blame for this? The answer is simple: all of us. There are just too many people in the world. The world’s population is now six billion. Of course, it’s very easy to blame the local people. We don’t cut down trees. They do. But the products are bought by people like you and me — wood houses, beds, tables, chairs, paper… Why are the forests being destroyed? Just look around. You are probably using it right now.
51. People cut down large areas of trees in order to ____.
A. grow crops
B. keep animals
C. build houses
D. get land and wood
答案: D
答题依据:第一句 It is said that another acre of the world’s forest will be destroyed forever. Why is this happening? There are two reasons — land and wood.
6.（中）（个人兴趣）
Last week I visited my friend Pete in the new home where he lives with his wife and daughter. Pete used to spend his holidays travelling the world, visiting the Louvre in Pairs or watching animals in Africa. Nowadays he prefers to spend his holidays and weekends making his house look more beautiful. Like hundreds of thousands of other British people, he has discovered the joy of DIY (Do It Yourself), which means if there are any things that need fixing around the house, he will try to do the job himself.
As he showed me the new kitchen he put together by himself and the newly painted walls, I asked Pete where he got the idea from. He told me that his favourite source
of ideas was a DIY programme on TV.
This got me thinking about the popularity of DIY programs in the UK. Nearly every channel has at least one home or garden makeover s how and there’s even a DIY satellite channel.
I guess it is not really surprising that DIY programmes are so popular. Two common sayings in Britain –“an Englishman’s home is his castle” and “there’s no place like home” – show how important our houses are to us. With the recent economic downturn, many people can’t afford to buy a bigger house so they are looking at how they can make their house better without spending a lot of money. DIY is the perfect choice.
But be careful! I read a report that said over 230,000 people were hurt while doing home improvements in the UK in just one year, including 41,000 who fell off steps and 5,800 who were seriously hurt by tools.
I won’t be going down to the hardware（五金）store. I’d rather watch DIY on TV with a nice cup of tea!
55．People in the UK __________.
A. care little about their homes
B. take DIY as an enjoyable job
C. like watching all TV programmes
D. have enough money to spend on houses
答案：B
答题依据：由第一段Like hundreds of thousands of other British people, he has discovered the joy of DIY (Do It Yourself), which means if there are any things that need fixing around the house, he will try to do the job himself.通过理解关键词和句意可知正确答案。

7．(中) (人与动物)
Picky, Picky
Scientists have no idea exactly why birds choose certain objects to build their nests. But scientists know that the main reason birds build nests is to keep their
babies safe, warm and healthy.
Oriole’s Nest Baby birds grow faster and are healthier when they are warm. They also learn
to fly and leave the nests sooner than birds without warm homes.
What A Yarn (纱)
Yarn is big on an oriole’s shopping list during nest building. Scientists are
still trying to work out why so many birds choose white yarn over other colors for
nest building.
Scientists think that the white objects remind birds of cotton fluff (绒毛) they
find in the wild.
Do It Naturally
Even though birds can help us recycle some of our junk by using it to build nests,
they also need to use lots of natural things. Long grass, dried sticks, spider’s
silk and mud are some of the natural ingredients that are good for nests, too.
You can make a collection box of things to leave for birds so they can help themselves. Hang a small plastic box with holes on a tree branch. Fill the box freely
with nest building goodies. Hang the box on a tree and watch birds climb on board
to pick through the junk to find their treasures.
Warning: Don’t let the birds turn into a tasty treat. Keep your bird station away
from places where cats hang out.
For The Birds!
Stop! Don’t throw all that garbage out! Give some to the b irds. Look and see
how your old junk can help beautify and warm a bird’s new home.
52. What can people make for birds to build nests?
A. Holes on the tree.
B. Food out of the rubbish.
C. A warning board.
D. A collection box of things.
答案: D
答题依据: Do it naturally中Long grass, dried sticks, spider’s silk and mud are some of the natural ingredients that are good for nests, too. You can make a collection box of things to leave for birds so they can help themselves.
8．(中) (社会)
The leaves fluttered （飘扬）over John’s head. He
liked to watch the colors of the trees shine through the
sunlight. It was the same color as his trumpet. John
smiled when he thought of the music the leaves made. He
looked at his watch; his father would meet him in a few
minutes for their first practice in the park.
John and his family lived in an apartment building. He began playing his trumpet in his own living room two weeks ago. Then the family next door had a new baby. To keep from waking up the baby, John was going to spend his practice time in the park. Although he enjoyed visiting the park, he didn’t want to practice his music there.
John was afraid that he would embarrass himself if he played the wrong notes. And he imagined his cheeks looking like a red, blown-up balloon. He didn’t want people to watch him as he practiced his music. Unluckily, his father couldn’t possibly understand how embarrassing it would be!
“John, are you ready?” pulling him out of his daydream, his father sat down and began to play his trumpet.
John looked up at a golden tree. The leaves seemed to be dancing with the tune. He felt excited as he watched the people walking by and smiling at his father. He wanted to play like that! Immediately, John placed his trumpet to the mouth and blew. Soon, John was having such a great time playing with his father that he didn’t care if he had played a few bad notes.
The golden tree was dancing while John was still playing. Now he and his neighbors could both be happy.
52. John didn’t want to practice his music outside because ________.
A. his next door neighbor had a new baby
B. his father didn’t play together
C. he didn’t enjoy going to the public park
D. he was afraid to play some wrong notes
答案: D
答题依据: 第二段:Although he enjoyed visiting the park, he didn’t want to practice his music there. 及第三段John was afraid that he would embarrass himself if he played the wrong notes.
9. （中）（使用互联网）
Recent research from the Pew Internet Project suggests that 90% of Americans aged from 12 to 17 use the Internet, and 51% of those teens use social networks. However, there are many possible problems with social networking sites and the teenagers who use them.
Apart from the social advantages, social networking sites can be used to record school research, develop artistic talents and experiment with other forms of subject creation. They provide a way to communicate with others who share the same interests and to get helpful advice on ongoing projects.
Along with these advantages come some dangers. For example, most social networking sites are open to all, especially MySpace, which is the most popular social network among teens in America. It means that they could be put in unpleasant and frightening situations.
A greater danger is that teens may become objects of the people with secret purposes. The secrecy of some social networking sites makes it easy for dangerous people to find young teens and invite them into dangerous conversations. It’s easy for them to pretend as teens and draw children into dangerous real-world communication as well. Then further hurt might be on its way.
Another danger is identity stealing, which can happen when teens share too much information about their names, dates of birth and locations.
Therefore, it’s very important to make sure teens are safe when they use social
Many of the same rules that work for online chat work for these sites:
※ Don’t use your real name.
※ Don’t give out personal information to people you don’t know. A last name and
a town
are enough for a bad guy to find where you are.
※ Don’t believe that people are who they say to be.
※ Immediately end any communication that makes you uncomfortable and report it to
a
parent.
Only if you are sure of your safety, can you enjoy the fun brought by social
networking. Besides, trying to deal with all problems on your own can lead to terrible
results. Remember, asking your parents or school officials for help doesn’t mean
you are unable to do anything but wiser than many others.
56. The writer takes MySpace as an example to show that ________.
A. students could be put into unreal situations on the Internet
B. teenagers are facing unknown dangers on the social networks
C. Internet provides more social websites to American teenagers
D. social networks are very popular among teenagers in America
答案：B
答题依据：由第三段… most soc ial networking sites are open to all, especially MySpace,
which is the most popular social network among teens in America. It means that they
could be put in unpleasant and frightening situations.可得出正确答案。

10．(难) (医疗与健康)
The rising costs of health care have become a problem for many countries in the
world. To deal with this problem, it is report ed that a big part of the government’s
health budge（预算）has been used for health education and disease prevention instead
of treatment. Actually, many kinds of diseases are preventable in many ways and
preventing a disease is usually much cheaper than treating it. For example, people could avoid catching a cold if they dressed warmly when the weather starts getting cold. But many people get sick because they fail to do so, and have to spend money seeing a doctor.
Daily habits like eating more healthy food would have kept millions of families from becoming bankrupt（破产）if the patients had taken ways for early prevention. For example, keeping a balanced diet（均衡饮食）, such as not consuming too much animal fat and trying to have enough vegetables and fruits, seems to be quite important.
One very effective and costless way of prevention is regular（定期的）exercise, which is necessary for a healthy mind and body. Regular exercise, such as running, walking, and playing sports is a good way to make people feel better.
In addition, health education plays a key role in improving peo ple’s health. By giving people more information about health, countries could help people understand the importance of disease prevention and ways to achieve it. For example, knowing one’s family medical history is an effective way to help keep healthy. Information about health problems among close relatives will make them aware of what they should do to prevent certain diseases through lifestyle changes, which will work before it is too late.
However, paying more attention to disease prevention does not mean medical treatment is unimportant. After all, prevention and treatment are just two different means toward the same effect. In conclusion, we could save money on health care and treat patients more successfully if our country spends more money on health prevention and education.
56. We can learn from the passage that ______.
A. more health education should be given
B. dressing warmly can prevent diseases
C. a balanced diet is cheaper than regular exercise
D. the government’s health budget should be increased
答案: A
答题依据:最后一句“in conclusion“总而言之，便是全文小结，we could save money on health care and treat patients more successfully if our country spends more money on health prevention and education.所表达的意思便是A
11. （难）（人与动物）
Bre ndan’s best friend is Tip. They teach each other things and they look after each other. Tip has helped Brendan become more responsible and more caring. Brendan is a nine-year-old boy, and Tip is a ten-year-old dog. Brendan and Tip are an example of how own ing a dog can have a good effect on a child’s development.
Having a dog helps a child learn how to act responsibly. As a dog owner, the child must take care of the animal’s daily needs. The dog must be fed and exercised every day. A dog is completely dependent on its owner for all its needs, including the need for good health and a safe environment. Furthermore, the owner must take responsibility for the safety of the people it comes into contact with. If the child forgets any of these duties and responsibilities, or turns a blind eye to any of the dog’s needs, the dog will suffer (遭罪). This teaches the child that his responsibility to the dog is more important than his desire (欲望) to play with his toys, talk on the phone, on watch TV. This is true not only for the care of a dog, but also for the care of oneself, another person, or one’s job.
Another lesson that a child can learn from having a dog is empathy, the ability to put oneself in another person’s, or in this case another creature’s situation and imagine that person’s or creature’s feelings or problem s. A dog cannot express
itself with speech, so its owner must learn how to interpret its behaviour. The child must learn to understand what the dog’s behaviour means. Is the dog frightened, hungry or sick? The child needs to understand what is going on in the dog’s mind. Understanding a situation from the dog’s point of view helps the child understand why the dog is behaving in a certain way and what the dog needs. The result of learning to read a dog’s behaviour is that the child develops empathy. This lea ds to the child becoming a more considerate and caring person.
These are some of the most important lessons a child will ever learn. The benefits (好处) of owning a dog will last the child’s whole lifetime and will help him or her grow into a reliable (可靠的) and caring adult.
54. Which of the following may help children to be more responsible?
A. Giving the dog food every other day.
B. Stopping the dog from hurting people.
C. Turning a blind eye to the dog’s needs.
D. Putting his desire ahead of the dog’s needs.
答案：B
答题依据：由第二段Furthermore, the owner must take responsibility for the safety of the people it comes into contact with.可知道正确答案。

通过第二段落其它内容可以排除其它三个选项。

12.（难）（历史与社会）
Hueco Tanks State Historical Park is home to thousands of Native American paintings and drawings. Ancient works of rock art dating back thousands of years lie within caves hidden in the hills. The paintings at Hueco Tanks have lasted for centuries.
The walls tell stories of many people and many times for at least 10, 000 years. Several different groups of people have traveled through and lived in the area. These groups often left their mark with rock paintings and drawings. Scientists have studied these ancient works of art to learn more about the people who made them. Scientists believe that around 6, 000 BC a group now known as the Desert Archaic
people occupied (占有) the area. The earliest of their drawings are simple wavy and straight lines. Later drawings show scenes of people holding spears (矛) while deer and other animals run around them.
Around 1, 000 AD the Mogollon people lived in the area. The Mogollon were farmers. More than most farmers, the Mogollon valued water. For them water held great meaning. This group of farmers painted many pictures of water flowing over the land and rain with lightning.
The Mescalero Apaches created some of the most recent rock art at Hueco Tanks. They stayed in the area for a short time around 1, 600 AD. Spanish explorers had arrived in North America by this time. Many of the cave paintings from this period show Spanish soldiers on horses.
In 1849 the California Gold Rush was well under way. Some people traveled through hot, dry West Texas as they made their way to California’s goldfields. Hueco Tanks provided water and shade (阴凉处) for these travelers. Many of these travelers put their names and dates on the rocks at Hueco Tanks. These writings are still found on the rocks today.
In May 1970 Hueco Tanks was made a state park, giving the Texas Parks and Wildlife Department control of the area.
The Texas Parks and Wildlife Department is using technology to help take care of the rock art. By studying these works of art, visitors and scientists can learn much about the lives of some early Native Americans.
55. What can we learn from the passage?
A. Desert Archaic people raised many animals.
B. Mogollon people considered water very important.
C. The Mescalero Apaches created most of the painting.
D. People began to protect the paintings in 1970.
答案：B
答题依据：由第三段More than most farmers, the Mogollon valued water. For them water held great meaning.可知选项B是对的。

由第二段the Desert Archaic people … Later
drawings show scenes of people holding spears (矛) while deer and other animals run around them.可知选项A中raise animal 是不准确的；由第四段The Mescalero Apaches created some of the most recent rock art at Hueco Tanks. 可知选项C是不准确的；由第六、七段In May 1970 Hueco Tanks was made a state park, giving the Texas Parks and Wildlife Department control of the area. The Texas Parks and Wildlife Department is using technology to help take care of the rock art.可知选项D是不准确的。

13．(难) (科普知识)
Do you know that women’s brains are smaller than men’s? Normally t he women’s brain weighs 10% less than men’s. Since research has shown that the bigger the brain, the cleverer the animal, men must be more intelligent（聪明的） than women. Right? Wrong. Men and women always score similarly on intelligence tests, despite the difference in brain size. Why? After years of study, researchers have concluded that it’s what’s inside that matters, not just the size of the brain. The brain is made up of “grey matter” and“white matter”. While men have more of the white matter, the amount（数量）of “thinking” brain is almost the same in both men and women.
It has been suggested that smaller brain appears to work faster, perhaps because the two sides of the brain are better connected in women. This means that little girls may learn to speak earlier, and that women can understand sorts of different information at the same time. When it comes to talking to the boss on the phone, cooking dinner and keeping an eye on the baby all at the same time, it’s women who come out on top every time.
There are other important differences between two sexes（性别）. As white matter is the key to spatial（空间的）tasks, men know better where things are in relation to other things. “A great footballer always knows where he is in relation to the other players, and he knows where to go,” says one researcher. That may exp lain one of life’s great mysteries: why men refuse to ask for directions … and women often need to!
The differences begin when fetuses（胎儿）are about nine weeks old, which can be seen in the action of children when they are very young. A boy would try to climb
a barrier before him or push it down while a girl would ask for help from others. These brain differences also explain the fact that more men take up jobs that require good spatial skills, while more women speech skills. It may all go back to our ancestors, among whom women needed speech skills to take care of their babies and men needed spatial skills to hunt, according to one research.
57. Which of the following is TRUE according to Paragraph 1?
A. Grey matter controls thinking in the brain.
B. M en’s brain is 10% less than wo men’s.
C. Grey matter plays the same role as white matter.
D. Men and women have the same amount of white matter.
答案: A
答题依据: 第一段中 Normally the women’s brain weighs 10% less than men’s. 即与选项B相反；同时第一段最后The brain is made up of “grey matter” and “white matter”. While men have more of the white matter, the amount（数量）of “thinking” brain is almost the same in both men and women. 可反驳选项C，2种物质应当作用不同；同时也可反驳选项D，男性含有更多的white matter。

14.（难）（发明与技术）
What does the word “patent (专利权) ” mean to you? Does it interest you? If it does, stop and think a moment about some of the commonplace things that you use every day: the telephone, radio, television, and the thousands of other things that enrich our lives today, were once only ideas in the minds of men. If it had not been possible to patent their ideas, so as to protect them from being copied, these inventions might never have been fully developed to serve human beings.
If there were no patent protection there would be little encouragement to invent, for once the secrets of an invention became known, those who did not experience the inventor's risks and expenses(花费) might well fill the market with their copies of his product and steal much of the benefit (益处) of his efforts.
The most basic values in the U. S. patent system came from England. During the
rule of Queen Elizabeth I in England, the growing technology was furthered by the giving of exclusive privileges (独家特权) to people who had invented new processes (程序) or tools—a step that did much to encourage creativity. Later, an important value was added: society had everything to gain and nothing to lose by giving exclusive privileges to an inventor, because a patent for an invention was given for something new that society never had before.
George Washington signed the first patent law on April 10, 1790, and less than four months later, the first patent was given to a man named Samuel Hopkins for a chemical process, an improved method in soap making.
In 1936, the Patent Office became a separate department and it has grown into an organization of over 2,500 people who every week deal with more than 1,600 patent applications, and of those, give more than 1,000. A patent may be given for any new and useful process, machine, or planning method.
The patent system has also helped to improve the pay of the American worker to an unexpected level; he can produce and earn more by using computers or adding machines, two important patented inventions. Patented inventions also help keep prices down by encouraging competition.
Our patent laws, like the Constitution from which they grew, have stood the test of time. They have encouraged creative processes, brought great benefits to society as a whole, and enabled American technology to outstrip that of the rest of the modern world.
57. Why were inventors given exclusive privileges?
A. Because their inventions made leaders happy.
B. Because their creativity is very important.
C. Because their inventions could enlarge society.
D. Because they were the smartest people in society.
答案：B
答题依据：由第三段Later, an important value was added: society had everything to gain and nothing to lose by giving exclusive privileges to an inventor, because a patent for an invention was given for something new that society never had before.。