2019年上海市奉贤区高考英语一模试卷及评析

2019年上海市奉贤区高考英语一模试卷及评析
II.GrammarandVocabulary
1．（15分）
ToBeJoyful，ToBeYoung Whatreallyworkstomakesustainablechangesindietandlifest yle？
It'sprobablynotwhatyouthink．Inthepast30yearsofconducti ngclinicalresearch，I（1）（learn）thatrealkeysarepleasure，joyandfreedom．Joyoflivingissustainable；fearofdyingisnot．
Why？Becauselifeistobeenjoyed．There'snopoint（2）（abandon）somethingyouenjoyunlessyougetsomethingbackthat'sevenbe tter，andquickly．Whenpeopleeatmorehealthfully，（3）（quit）smoking，andmanagestressbetter，theyfindtheyfeelsomuchbetter，soquickly．Itreconstructsthereasonformakingthesechanges fromfearofdyingtojoyofliving．Whenyouexerciseandeatrigh t，yourbrainreceivesmorebloodflowandoxygen，soyoubecomesmarter，havemoreenergy，andneedlesssleep．Twostudiesshowedjustwalkingforthreeho ursperweekforonlythreemonthsc ausedsomanyneurons（神经
细胞）（4）（grow）thatitactuallyincreasedthesizeofpeople'sbrains! Yourfacereceivesmorebloodflow，soyourskinglowsmoreandwrinklesless．Youlookyoungerandmo reattractive．Incontrast，anunhealthydiet，lastingemotionalstressandsmokingreducebloodflowtoyourf ace（5）youagemorequickly．Smokingspeedsupagingbecausenicotinec ontributestoyourbloodvesselbe comingnarrower，（6）decreasesbloodflowtoyourfaceandmakesitwrinklepremature ly．Thisiswhysmokerslookyearso lderthantheyreallyare．Oneofthemostinterestingfindingswasthatthemothers'aware nessofstresswasmoreimportantthan（7）wasobjectivelyoccurringintheirlives．（8）（give）aquestionnaire，thewomenwereaskedtorateonathree﹣pointscalehowstressedtheyfelteachday．Thewomenwhorealiz edtheywereunderheavystresshad significantlyshortenedanddamagedtelomeres（染色体端粒）comparedwith（9）whofeltmorerelaxed．Contrarily，someofthewomenwhofeltrelaxed（10）raisingadisabledchildhadmorenormal﹣appearingtelomeres．
Inotherwords，ifyoufeelstressed，youarestressed．2．（15分）
WelcometoWindsorCastle WindsorCastleistheoldestandlargestoccupiedcastleinthew orldandtheOfficialResidenceoftheQu eenofBritain．Overaperiodofnearly1，000yearsithasbeen（1）continuously，andalteredandredecoratedbymonarchs（君主）oneaftertheother．Someweregreatbuilders，strengtheningtheCastleagainst（2）andrebellion；others，livinginmorepeacefultimes，createdagrandRoyalresidence．WilliamtheConquerorchoseth esite，highabovetheriverThamesandontheedgeofaSaxonhuntinggrou nd．Itwasaday'smarchfromtheT owerofLondonandintendedtoguardthewestern（3）tothecapital．Theouterwallsoftoday'sstructureareinthesa mepositionasthoseofthe（4）castlebuiltbyWilliamtheConquerorinthe1070s．TheQueenuse stheCastlebothasaprivatehome，
wheresheusuallyspendstheweekend，andasaRoyalresidenceatwhichsheundertakescertainformald uties．WindsorCastleis（5）usedbytheQueentohostStateVisitsfromoverseasmonarchsand presidents．EveryyeartheQueent akesupofficialresidenceinWindsorCastleforamonthoverEas ter（March﹣April）．
TheCastleishuge，sopeopletendtoheadforthemost（6）bits ﹣﹣﹣theStateApartments，St．George'sChapel，theGalleryandthedelightfulQueenMary'sDollsHouse．Workso fart，antiquefurniture，curiositiesandimpressivearchitecturereflectthetastesof manydifferentroyalgenerations．TheSta teApartmentsare（7）decoratedformalroomsstillusedforstateandofficialfuncti ons．
ThemagnificentandbeautifulSt．George'sChapelwasstartedi n1475byEdwardIVandwascomple
ted50yearslaterbyHenryVIII．It（8）amongthefinestexamplesoflatemedievalarchitectureintheU K．
TheDrawingsGallery（9）theexhibition"TheQueen：60Photographsfor60Years"．Theexhibitionpresentsportrait
softheQueen（10）inbriefmomentsonbothofficialoccasionsandatrelaxedfamil ygatherings．
III.ReadingComprehension
3．（30分）
"NatureandNurture" Peoplehavewonderedforalongtimehowtheirpersonalitiesand behaviourareformed．However，itisnoteasytoexplainwhyonepersonisintelligentandanothe risnot，orwhyoneiscooperativeandanotheris（1）．Socialscientistsareofcourse（2）interestedinthesetypesofquestions．Theywanttoexplainwhy wepossesscertaincharacteristicsan dexhibitcertainbehaviour．Therearenoclearanswersyet，buttwo（3）schoolsofthoughtonthematterhavedeveloped．Asonemightexp ect，thetwoapproachesareverydifferentfromeachother，andthereisagreatdealofdebatebetween（4）ofeachtheory．Thecontroversy（争论）isoftenconvenientlyreferredtoas"natureandnurture"．Thos ewho（5）the"nature"sideoftheconflictbelievethatourpersonalitie
sandbehaviourpatternsare（6）determinedbybiologicalfactors．Thatourenvironmenthaslit tle，ifanything，todowithourabilities，characteristicsandbehaviouris（7）tothistheory．Takentoanextreme，thistheorystatesthatourbehaviourispredeterminedtosucha greatdegreethatwearealmostcomplete lygovernedbyour（8）．Supportersofthe"nurture"theory，or，astheyareoftencalled，（9），claimthatourenvironmentismoreimportantthanourbiologica llybasedinstinctsindetermininghow wewillact．Abehaviorist，B．F．Skinner，seeshumansasbeingswhosebehaviourisalmostcompletely（10）bytheirsurroundings．Thebehaviorists'viewofthehumanbein gisquitemechanistic．Theystatethat，likemachines，humansrespondto（11）stimuli（刺激）asthebasisoftheirbehaviour．Sociallyandpolitically，theconsequencesofthesetwotheoriesare（12）．IntheUS，forexample，blacksoftenscorebelowwhitesonstandardizedintelligencet ests．Thisleadssome"nature"support erstoconcludethatblacksaregeneticallylowerinstatusthan
whitesare．Behaviorists，（13），saythatthedifferencesinscoresareduetothefactthatblacks areoftenrobbedofmanyoftheeducationa landotherenvironmentaladvantagesthatwhitesenjoy，andthat，asaresult，theydonotdevelopthesame（14）thatwhitesdo．Neitherofthesetheoriescanyetfullyexplainhumanbehaviour ．Asamatteroffact，itisquite（15）thatthekeytoourbehaviourliessomewherebetweenthesetwoex tremesandthatthecontroversywillc ontinueforalongtimeiscertain．
（1）A．sensitive B．productive C．competitive D．aggressive （2）A．moderately B．extremely C．reluctantly D．scarcely （3）A．distinct B．reliable C．relevant D．equal
（4）A．objectors B．operators C．opponents D．advocates （5）A．claim B．support C．resolve D．inherit
（6）A．completely B．largely C．thoroughly D．merely （7）A．sensitive B．open C．central D．subject
（8）A．abilities B．capacities C．personalities D．instincts （9）A．experts B．scientists C．environmentalists D．behaviorists（10）A．shaped B．dominated C．oppressed D．restricted
（11）A．environmental B．biological C．genetic D．psychological（12）A．temporary B．slight C．fatal D．far ﹣reaching（13）A．onthecontrary B．asawhole C．afterall D．forinstance（14）A．habits B．responses C．characteristics D．advantages（15）A．necessary B．impossible C．unreasonable D．likely
4．（8分）I'mastudentinmyfourthyearofabiomedicalsciencedegreeatR obertGordonUniversityinAberdeen，butIalsowork38hoursaweekatSainsbury'stomakeendsmeet．Id othreenightshiftsaweek，plusovertimeifIcangetit．Mondayisthemostoccupieddayform e﹣﹣Iworkfrom10pmuntil8amonSaturdayandSundaynights，earningjustover￡100anight，andthenIhavetobeatmyfirstlectureat9amonMonday．Bythetim eIfinishlectures，at2pm，
I'mexhausted，butIknowIhavetobebackatworkby10pm．Iconstantlyhavetofor cemyselftostayawake，andtobealert，whateverittakes．ApacketofSkittlesandaRedBullusuallyhel ps．TheworkIdoatSainsbury'sisve ryphysicallikestackingshelves．I'mluckybecauseI'manacti
vepersonandtheamountIliftatworkis nothingcomparedwiththeweightsIliftinthegym．IknowIhavet hestrengthtobearit．
I'moriginallyfromNigeria．IcameherewhenIwasseven，growingupinCroydon，southLondon．Moneywastight．MyparentsgavemeeverythingIne eded，buttherewasnomoneytospendonluxuries．Iworkedhardatschoo lthoughand，withthehelpofGTScholars，IgotsomeofthebestA ﹣levelgradesinmyclass．
Unfortunately，thoughIhadappliedfor"settled"Britishresidentialstatusw henveryyoung，theHomeOfficewaiteduntilIwasinsixthformtoapprovemyappl ication．ThatmeantIwasn'teligibl eforastudentloan．TheonlywayIcouldaffordtogotouniversit ywasthatifIgotajobthatwouldpayfo rallmylivingcostsandmyparents，whoworkinmarketresearch，paidformytuitionfees．InScotland，that'sabout￡7，000ayear．
Idon'thavemuchtimetosocializebecauseofmyjob．Ideally，IwouldalsoliketohavemoretimetostudysoIcanexcelatmycour
se．Yes，Ihavealotonmyplate，butworkinghardisn'tnewtome．Growingup，myparentsandmymentorsinthechurchandatGTScholarscultiva tedinmetheimportanceofworking hardforwhatIwantinlife．MydreamistodoanMAinphysiotherap ynextyearandthengetajobworkingfortheNHS．Butrightn ow，I'mjustfocusedontryingtogetthebestgradesIcan．WheneverI findlifehard，Itellmyselfthisisaboutmyfuture．Idon'tneedmuch，butIwouldliketoworrylessaboutmoneyandhavemorefreetime．ThatiswhatIlookforwardtothem ost．
（1）Whydoestheauthorworklonghoursandsometimesovertimeevery week？A．Tohelphisparentspayoffthedebts．B．Topayforhistuitionfees．C．Toprovehisabilitytoearnmoney．D．Topayforhisownlivingexpenses．
（2）Theunderlinedword"eligible"inthepassagecanbereplacedby ．
A．responsible
B．qualified
C．feasible
D．anxious
（3）Accordingtothepassage，whichofthefollowingwordscanNOTbeusedtodescribetheautho r？
A．Sociable．
B．Diligent．
C．Ambitious．
D．Persistent．
（4）Whichofthefollowingproverbscanbestsummarizethepassage ？
A．Apennysavedisapennyearned．B．Actionsspeaklouderthanwords．C．Godhelpsthosewhohelpthemselves．D．Wherethereislife，thereishope．
5．（6分）ShouldYouBecomeaFullStackWebDeveloper？Shouldyoubecomeafullstackwebdeveloper？Whatcoursesshouldyoutaketoprepareyouforthejob？Ourcoursesbringyouastep﹣by﹣steppaththatwillhelpyoubecomeaqualifiedcandidateandtea
chyoueverythingyouneedtoknowtos ucceed．Readontodiscoverifit'stherightpathforyou：
●WhatisaFullStackWebDeveloper？Afullstackwebdeveloperiswellskilledinbothfrontandback ﹣endwebdeveloping．Withknowledgeofwhatitmeanstobuildappl icationsfromstarttofinish，afullstackdevelopercanplan，manage，andbuildsoftwarewithgeneralknow﹣how．Acoredifferencebetweenfrontandback﹣enddevelopersisthatfront﹣enddevelopershandlebuildingtheuserinterfaceaspectofawe bsite，whileback﹣enddevelopersdealwithinternaltaskssuchaswebservers，applications，anddatabases．
Combined，theyareresponsibleforbuildingthetechnologyandcodingtha tmakesawebsitefunctionproperly．Bothskillsetsarecrucialforbeingawell﹣roundedwebdeveloperandwillgiveyoualegupwhenapplyingfor jobs．Ifyouliketolearnnewconc eptsandtechnologiesfrequentlythisisanexcellentcareerpa thforyou．
●DemandforFullStackWebDevelopersisGrowing Becauseofthebroadrangeofskillsrequiredtobeafullstackwe bdeveloper，therearefewercandidatesapplyingforpositions，leavingmoreopportunityforqualifiedcandidates．Thejobout lookforwebdevelopersisestimatedt ogrow13%by2026，whichisfasterthantheaveragerateforalloccupations．Witha nimpressiveresume，fullstackwebdeveloperscanmake﹩87，661onaverage．
●GetStartedToday
Withthehelpofthecourse，youwilllearneverythingyouneedtoknowtosucceedasafullsta ckwebdeveloper．Youcanstartfrom anylevelwithlittletonopreviousexperiencerequiredandtra ckyourprogressasyougo．
●Here'sWhatYou'llLearnintheCourses Buildwebapplicationsanddeveloponboththefront﹣endandback﹣endstacks LearnRubyonRails，HTML，CSS，andJavaScript DevelopwebapplicationsinJavascriptusingfront﹣endframework，Angular，andhybridmobileapplicationswithApacheCordova
DesignRESTfulRubyonRailswebapplicationswithMongoDBdata baseintegration．
（1）Inwhichcolumnofanewspapercanwemostprobablyfindthispass age？
A．Arts．
B．Science﹣technology．
C．Courses．
D．Business．
（2）WhichofthefollowingisTRUEaccordingtothepassage？A．Frontandback﹣enddevelopersbothareresponsibleforsuchtasksasapplicati onsanddatabases．B．Fewercandidatesapplyforthepositionof beingwebdevelopersduetohighdemandforskills．C．Thejobpro spectforwebdevelopersisn'tpromisinginthelongrun．D．Youcan'tstarttolearnthecourseofbeingafullstackwebdev eloperunlessyouhavesomeexperien
cebeforehand．
（3）Whatisthemainpurposeofthispassage？A．Toadvertiseforfullstackwebdevelopers．B．Toinformpeopleofwhatisrequiredtobeafullstackwebdevel oper．
C．Topersuadepeopletotakethecourseswhichhelptobecomeafu llstackwebdeveloper．D．Tohelppeopletoexplorethefullstackwebdevelopercareerg uide．
6．（8分）ThehauntingpaintingsofHeleneSchjerfbeck，onshowinthefinallegofatravellingtourthathasalreadyattr actedthousandsofvisitorsinHamburgandt heHague，maycomeasasurprisetomany．FewoutsidetheNordic（北欧的）worldwouldrecognizetheworksofthisFinnishartistwhodiedi
n1946．Morepeopleshould．The12 0workshaveattheircore20self﹣portraits，halfthenumbershepaintedinall．Thefirst，dated1880，isofawide﹣eyedteenagereagertoabsorbeverything．Thelastisasighting oftheartist'sghost﹣to﹣be．
Prematurelygifted，Schjerfbeckwas11whensheenteredtheFinnishArtSociety'sdr awingschool．"TheWoundedWarr iorintheSnow"，ahistorypainting，wasboughtbyaprivatecollectorandwonherastatetravelgrant whenshewas17．Schjerfbeckstudie dinParis，wentontoPont ﹣Aven，Brittany，whereshepaintedforayear，thentoTuscany，
CornwallandStPetersburg．Duringher1887visittoStIves，Cornwall，Schjerfbeckpainted"TheConvalescent"．Achildwrappedinabl anketsitssupportedupinalargewi cker（柳条编制的）chair，toyingwithasprig（小枝条）．Thepicturewonabronzemedalatthe1889ParisWorldFairan dwasboughtbytheFinnishArtSo ciety．Toamoderneyeitseemsalmostsentimental（感伤的）andismadeupforonlybythesomewhatastonished，sadexpressiononthechild'sface，whichmayhavebeeninspiredbySchjerfbeck'searlyexperience s．Atfour，shefelldownaflightofstepsandneverfullyrecovered．
In1890，SchjerfbecksettledinFinland．Teachingexhaustedher，shedidnotliketheworksofotherlocalpainters，andshewasfurtherisolatedwhenshetookonthecareofhermothe r．"IfIallowmyselfthefreedomtoli veanisolatedlife"，shewrote，"thenitisbecauseithastobethatway．"In1902，Schjerfbeckandhermothersettledinthesmall，industrialtownofHyvinkaa，50kilometresnorthofHelsinki．Isolationhadonedesiredeffe
ctforitwastherethatSchjerfbeckbeca meamodernpainter．Sheproducedstilllivesandlandscapesbut aboveallmoodyyetsharpportraitso fhermother，localschoolgirls，womenworkersintown．"Ihavealwayssearchedforthedensedept hsofthesoul，whichhavenotyetbeendiscoveredbyhumansthemselves"，shewrote，"whereeverythingisstillunconscious﹣﹣thereonecanmakethegreatestdiscoveries．"Sheexperimented withdifferentkindsofunderpainting，scrapedandrubbed，madebrightrosyredspots；doingwhateverhadtobedonetocapturethesubconscious﹣﹣herownandthatofhermodels．In1913，Schjerfbeckwasrediscoveredbyanartdealerandjournalist，GostaStenman．Onceagainshewasasuccess．
（1）Schjerfbeck'spaintingsmaycomeasasurprisetomanybecause．A．herpaintingsarerarelyknownoutsidetheNordicworld B．herpaintingshaveneverbeenonshowoutoftheNordicworld C．herpaintingshavethepowertohauntpeoplewhoeverhaveseen them D．herpaintingsfocusonsupernaturalelementssuchasghosts
（2）WhichofthefollowingisTRUEaccordingtothepassage？A．"TheConvalescent"isinfactaportraitofSchjerbeckinherc hildhood．B．"TheConvalescent"isareflectionofSchejerbeck 'ssentimentalchildhood．C．"TheConvalescent"ismadeasares ultofanaccidentinSchejerbeck'schildhood．D．"TheConvales cent"isfeaturedbythechild'sastonished，sorrowfulexpression．
（3）Schejerbeckchosetoliveanisolatedlifemainlybecauseof．A．shewasexhaustedbyherteachingjob B．herpersonalityprefersthiskindofstyle C．shecouldnotappreciatetheworkoftheotherlocalpainters D．hermother'shealthconditionrequiredhertoadoptsuchalif estyle．
（4）Wecaninferfromthepassagethatthemostoutstandingcharacte risticsofSchjerfbeck'spaintingsis．A．hervividcharacterizationofcommonpeople B．hercaptureofthecharacters'soul C．thesorrowfulexpressionofthecharacters D．herunconscioussenseofsomemysteriouselements
7．（8分）
Thequalityofpatiencegoesalongwaytowardyourgoalofcreati ngamorepeacefulandlovingself．T hemorepatientyouare，themoreacceptingyouwillbeofwhatlifeis，ratherthaninsistingthatlifebeexactlyasyouwouldlikeitto be．Withoutpatience，lifeisextremelyfrustrating．（1）Patienceaddssomeeaseandacceptancetoyourlife．It'simport antforinnerpeace．
（2）Ifyouarestuckinatrafficjam，lateforanappointment，beingpatientwouldmeankeepingyourselffrombuildingamenta lsnowballbeforeyourthinkinggets outofhandandgentlyremindingyourselftorelax．Itmightalso beagoodtimetobreatheaswellasano pportunitytoremindyourselfthat，inthebiggerschemeofthings，beinglateis"smallstuff"．Patienceisaqualityofheartthatcanbegreatlyenhancedwithd eliberatepractice．（3）
TheyaretheperiodsoftimethatIsetupinmymindtopracticethe artofpatience．Lifeitselfbecomesac lassroom，andthecurriculumispatience．Youcanstartwithaslittleasfi veminutesandbuildupyourcapacityfor patienceovertime．Whatyou'lldiscoveristrulyamazing．Your intentiontobepatient，especiallyifyouknowit'sonlyforashortwhile，immediatelystrengthensyourcapacityforpatience．Patience isoneofthosequalitieswheresuccess feedsonitself．Onceyoureachlittlemilestone﹣fiveminutesofsuccessfulpatience﹣
you'llbegintoseethatyoudoindeedhavethecapacitytobepati ent，evenforlongerperiodsoftime．Overtime，youmayevenbecomeapatientperson．Beingpatientwillhelpyoutokeepyourperspective．Youwillse eevenadifficultsituation，sayyourpresentchallenge，isn't"lifeordeath"butsimplyaminorobstaclethatmustbedea ltwith．（4）．
IV.SummaryWriting
8．（15分）Directions：Readthefollowingpassage．Summarizethemainideaandthemain point（s）
ofthepassageinnomorethan60words．Useyourownwordsasfaras possible．Aremarkablevarietyofinsectsliveinthisplanet．Morespecie sofinsectsexistthanallotheranimalsp eciestogether．Insectshavesurvivedonearthformorethan300 millionyears，andmaypossesstheabilitytosurviveformillionsmore．Insect scanbefoundalmosteverywhere﹣﹣onthehighestmountainsandonthebottomofrushingstreams，inthecoldSouthPoleandinbubblinghotsprings．Theydigthrou ghtheground，jumpandsinginthetrees，andrunanddanceintheair．Theycomeinmanydifferentcoloursa ndvariousshapes．Therearemanyreasonswhyinsectsaresosuccessfulatsurvivin g．Theiramazingabilitytoadaptper mitsthemtoliveinextremerangesoftemperaturesandenvironm ents．Theoneplacewheretheyhave notyetbeenfoundtoanymajorextentisintheopenoceans．Insec tscansurviveonawiderangeofnatur alandartificialfoods﹣﹣paint，pepper，glue，books，grain，cotton，otherinsects，plantsandanimals．Becausetheyaresmalltheycanhideintinys paces．
Also，insectshaveanenormousreproductivecapacity：AnAfricanantqueencanlayasmanyas43，000eggsaday．Anotherreasonfortheirsuccessisthestrategyofprotectivec olour．Aninsectmayberightbeforeour eyes，butnearlyinvisiblebecauseitiscleverlydisguised（伪装）likeagreenleaf，lumpofbrownsoil，graylichen（青苔），aseedorsomeothernaturalobject．Someinsectsusebright，boldcolourstosendwarningsignalsthattheytastebad，stingorarepoison．Othershavewingpatternsthatlooklikethe eyesofahugepredator，bitter﹣tastinginsects；hungryenemiesarefooledintoavoidingthem．
V.TranslationDirections：TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoEnglish，usingthewordsgiveninthebrackets.
9．（5分）一股诱人的味道唤起了我们遥远的记忆．（remind）10．（5分）每个人应当牢记：己所不欲，勿施于人．（mind）11．（5分）他如此醉心于古文化研究，这几年一直以健康为代价坚持工作着．（So）12．（5分）不久之后，地铁5号线奉贤段即将通车，这让翘首以盼的奉贤人民激动不已．（before）VI.GuidedWriting
13．（25分）Directions：WriteanEnglishcompositionin120﹣
150wordsaccordingtotheinstructionsgivenbelowinChinese．在你看过的电影、电视或书中，肯定有许多场景历历在目，请你描述令你印象深刻的一个场景，并谈谈为什么．你的文章必须包括：
●描述你印象深刻的一个场景；
●说明你对此印象深刻的理由．
2019年上海市奉贤区高考英语一模试卷
参考答案与试题解析
II.GrammarandVocabulary
1．（15分）
ToBeJoyful，ToBeYoung Whatreallyworkstomakesustainablechangesindietandlifest yle？
It'sprobablynotwhatyouthink．Inthepast30yearsofconducti ngclinicalresearch，I（1）havelearned（learn）thatrealkeysarepleasure，joyandfreedom．Joyoflivingissustainable；fearofdyingisnot．
Why？Becauselifeistobeenjoyed．There'snopoint（2）abandoning（abandon）somethingyouenjoyunlessyougetsomethingbackthat'sevenbe tter，andquickly．Whenpeopleeatmorehealthfully，（3）quit
（quit）smoking，andmanagestressbetter，theyfindtheyfeelsomuchbetter，soquickly．Itreconstructsthereasonformakingthesechanges fromfearofdyingtojoyofliving．Whenyouexerciseandeatright，yourbrainreceivesmorebloodflowandoxygen，soyoubecomesmarter，havemoreenergy，andneedlesssleep．Twostudiesshowedjustwalkingforthreeho ursperweekforonlythreemonthsc ausedsomanyneurons（神经细胞）（4）togrow（grow）thatitactuallyincreasedthesizeofpeople'sbrains! Yourfacereceivesmorebloodflow，soyourskinglowsmoreandwrinklesless．Youlookyoungerandmo reattractive．Incontrast，anunhealthydiet，lastingemotionalstressandsmokingreducebloodflowtoyourf ace（5）so youagemorequickly．Smokingspeedsupagingbecausenicotinec ontributestoyourbloodvesselbe comingnarrower，（6）which decreasesbloodflowtoyourfaceandmakesitwrinklepremature ly．Thisiswhysmokerslookyearso lderthantheyreallyare．Oneofthemostinterestingfindingswasthatthemothers'aware nessofstresswasmoreimportantthan（7）what
wasobjectivelyoccurringintheirlives．（8）Given/Havingbeengiven（give）aquestionnaire，thewomenwereaskedtorateonathree﹣pointscalehowstressedtheyfelteachday．Thewomenwhorealiz edtheywereunderheavystresshad significantlyshortenedanddamagedtelomeres（染色体端粒）comparedwith（9）those whofeltmorerelaxed．Contrarily，someofthewomenwhofeltrelaxed（10）without raisingadisabledchildhadmorenormal﹣appearingtelomeres．
Inotherwords，ifyoufeelstressed，youarestressed．
【考点】N6：语法填空．
【分析】文章讲述了好心情对于健康的影响，越快乐心情越轻松的人更容易保持年轻．【解答】1．havelearned．考查时态，根据前面的inthepast30years，可知是段时间，应该使用现在完成时态，故填havelearned．
2．abandoning．考查非谓语，therebe句型中，is是动词，所以后面使用现在分词，放弃你喜欢的东西没有意义，故填abandoning．
3．quit．考查动词，when引导的时间状语从句，quit是主句谓语动词，与manage并列，故填quit．
4．togrow．考查不定式，causesbtodosth：使某人做某事，故
填togrow．
5．so．考查连词，所以你就老的更快，表示递进，故填so．6．which．考查连词，which指代yourbloodvesselbecomingnarrower，在定语从句中做主语，故填关系代词which．
7．what．考查连词，what引导的宾语从句，因为从句中缺少主语，故填what．8．Given/Havingbeengiven．考查非谓语，thewomen与give之间是动宾关系，所以使用过去分词作状语，故填Given/Havingbeengiven．
9．those．考查代词，those指代那些人，在定语从句中做主语，故填those．
10．without．考查介词，不需要抚养残疾孩子的女性，结合句意以及后面的raising，可知填without．
【点评】对于语法填空这类题，一是懂得分析句子结构，二是知道充当各个句子成分的词类或词性，从语法上确定答案，当然，对于某些固定搭配也要牢记，在平时的学习中要多积累这些词汇或短语，对于句子使用的时态语态也要通过语境进行确定．2．（15分）
WelcometoWindsorCastle
WindsorCastleistheoldestandlargestoccupiedcastleinthew orldandtheOfficialResidenceoftheQu eenofBritain．Overaperiodofnearly1，000yearsithasbeen（1）I continuously，andalteredandredecoratedbymonarchs（君主）oneaftertheother．Someweregreatbuilders，strengtheningtheCastleagainst（2）A andrebellion；others，livinginmorepeacefultimes，createdagrandRoyalresidence．WilliamtheConquerorchoseth esite，highabovetheriverThamesandontheedgeofaSaxonhuntinggrou nd．Itwasaday'smarchfromtheT owerofLondonandintendedtoguardthewestern（3）H tothecapital．Theouterwallsoftoday'sstructureareinthesa mepositionasthoseofthe（4）B castlebuiltbyWilliamtheConquerorinthe1070s．TheQueenuse stheCastlebothasaprivatehome，wheresheusuallyspendstheweekend，andasaRoyalresidenceatwhichsheundertakescertainformald uties．WindsorCastleis（5）C usedbytheQueentohostStateVisitsfromoverseasmonarchsand presidents．EveryyeartheQueent akesupofficialresidenceinWindsorCastleforamonthoverEas
ter（March﹣April）．
TheCastleishuge，sopeopletendtoheadforthemost（6）D bits ﹣﹣﹣theStateApartments，St．George'sChapel，theGalleryandthedelightfulQueenMary'sDollsHouse．Workso fart，antiquefurniture，curiositiesandimpressivearchitecturereflectthetastesof manydifferentroyalgenerations．TheSta
teApartmentsare（7）F decoratedformalroomsstillusedforstateandofficialfuncti ons．ThemagnificentandbeautifulSt．George'sChapelwasstar tedin1475byEdwardIVandwascomple
ted50yearslaterbyHenryVIII．It（8）K amongthefinestexamplesoflatemedievalarchitectureintheU K．
TheDrawingsGallery（9）E theexhibition"TheQueen：60Photographsfor60Years"．Theexhibitionpresentsportrait softheQueen（10）G inbriefmomentsonbothofficialoccasionsandatrelaxedfamil ygatherings．
【考点】N8：选词填空．
【分析】本文介绍了一次照片展览会．这次展览展示了女王在正式场合和轻松的家庭聚会上短暂瞬间的照片．
【解答】IAHBCDFKEG
1．I．句意理解题．根据句意可知，在近1000年的时间里，它一直有人居住，并由君主一个接一个地改变和重新装饰．故选I．2．A．句意理解题．根据句意可知，有些人是伟大的建筑工人，他们加固城堡以抵抗起义和叛乱．故选A．
3．H．句意理解题．根据句意可知，从伦敦塔出发有一天的路程，目的是守卫通往首都的西方通道．故选H．
4．B．句意理解题．根据句意可知，今天建筑的外墙与1070年代征服者威廉建造的原始城堡的外墙位置相同．故选B．5．C．句意理解题．根据句意可知，温莎城堡经常被女王用来接待海外君主和总统的国事访问．故选C．
6．D．句意理解题．根据句意可知，城堡很大，所以人们倾向于去最壮观的地方﹣﹣国家公寓．故选D．
7．F．句意理解题．根据句意可知，国家公寓是装饰豪华的正式房间，仍然用于国家和官方活动．故选F．
8．K．句意理解题．根据句意可知，它是英国中世纪晚期建筑的典范之一．故选K．9．E．句意理解题．根据句意可知，图片馆展出了"女王：60年来的60张照片"．故选E．
10．G．句意理解题．根据句意可知，这次展览展示了女王在正式场合和轻松的家庭聚会上短暂瞬间的照片．故选G．
【点评】本题题型为选词填空．在选择给定词语时，再考虑句子大意的前提下，还应该注意句子所用的时态，以及所填写的词在
句子中的位置．通过这些判断，以符合题目要求．
III.ReadingComprehension
3．（30分）
"NatureandNurture" Peoplehavewonderedforalongtimehowtheirpersonalitiesand behaviourareformed．However，itisnoteasytoexplainwhyonepersonisintelligentandanothe risnot，orwhyoneiscooperativeandanotheris（1）C．Socialscientistsareofcourse（2）B interestedinthesetypesofquestions．Theywanttoexplainwhy wepossesscertaincharacteristicsan dexhibitcertainbehaviour．Therearenoclearanswersyet，buttwo（3）A schoolsofthoughtonthematterhavedeveloped．Asonemightexp ect，thetwoapproachesareverydifferentfromeachother，andthereisagreatdealofdebatebetween（4）
D ofeachtheory．Thecontroversy（争论）isoftenconvenientlyreferredtoas"natureandnurture"．Thosewho（5）B the"nature"sideoftheconflictbelievethatourpersonalitie sandbehaviourpatternsare（6）B determinedbybiologicalfactors．Thatourenvironmenthaslit
tle，ifanything，todowithourabilities，characteristicsandbehaviouris（7）C tothistheory．Takentoanextreme，thistheorystatesthatourbehaviourispredeterminedtosucha greatdegreethatwearealmostcomplete lygovernedbyour（8）D．
Supportersofthe"nurture"theory，or，astheyareoftencalled，（9）D，claimthatourenvironmentismoreimportantthanourbiologica llybasedinstinctsindetermininghow wewillact．Abehaviorist，B．F．Skinner，seeshumansasbeingswhosebehaviourisalmostcompletely（10）A
bytheirsurroundings．Thebehaviorists'viewofthehumanbein gisquitemechanistic．Theystatethat，likemachines，humansrespondto（11）A stimuli（刺激）asthebasisoftheirbehaviour．Sociallyandpolitically，theconsequencesofthesetwotheoriesare（12）D．IntheUS，forexample，blacksoftenscorebelowwhitesonstandardizedintelligencet ests．Thisleadssome"nature"support erstoconcludethatblacksaregeneticallylowerinstatusthan
whitesare．Behaviorists，（13）A，saythatthedifferencesinscoresareduetothefactthatblacks areoftenrobbedofmanyoftheeducationa landotherenvironmentaladvantagesthatwhitesenjoy，andthat，asaresult，theydonotdevelopthesame（14）B thatwhitesdo．Neitherofthesetheoriescanyetfullyexplainh umanbehaviour．Asamatteroffact，itisquite（15）D thatthekeytoourbehaviourliessomewherebetweenthesetwoex tremesandthatthecontroversywillc ontinueforalongtimeiscertain．
（1）A．sensitive B．productive C．competitive D．aggressive （2）A．moderately B．extremely C．reluctantly D．scarcely （3）A．distinct B．reliable C．relevant D．equal
（4）A．objectors B．operators C．opponents D．advocates （5）A．claim B．support C．resolve D．inherit
（6）A．completely B．largely C．thoroughly D．merely （7）A．sensitive B．open C．central D．subject
（8）A．abilities B．capacities C．personalities D．instincts （9）A．experts B．scientists C．environmentalists D．behaviorists（10）A．shaped B．dominated C．oppressed D．restricted（11）A．environmental B．biological C．genetic D．psychological（12）A．temporary B．slight C．fatal D．far
﹣reaching（13）A．onthecontrary B．asawhole C．afterall D．forinstance（14）A．habits B．responses C．characteristics D．advantages（15）A．necessary B．impossible C．unreasonable D．likely
【考点】M2：社会文化．
【分析】人们很难解释为什么一个人聪明而另一个人不聪明，或者为什么一个人喜欢合作而另一个人竞喜欢争．本文介绍了两种理论，并且对此提出例子来说明．
【解答】CBADBBCDDAADABD
（1）C．形容词词意辨析题．A．sensitive敏感B．productive 生产C．competitive竞争
D．aggressive好斗．很难解释为什么一个人聪明而另一个人不聪明，或者为什么一个人喜欢合作而另一个人竞喜欢争．故选C．（2）B．副词词意辨析题．A．moderately适度地B．extremely 非常C．reluctantly不情愿地D．scarcely几乎不．社会科学家当然对这类问题非常感兴趣．故选B．
（3）A．形容词词意辨析题．A．distinct明显的B．reliable 可靠的C．relevant相关的D．equal平等的．目前还没有明确的答案，但在这个问题上已经形成了两种明显的、截然不同的思想流派．故选A．
（4）D．名词词意辨析题．A．objectors反对者B．operators 经营者C．opponents对手D．advocates主张．正如人们可能预
期的那样，这两种方法截然不同，而且每种理论的支持者之间存在着大量的争论．故选D．
（5）B．动词词意辨析题．A．claim要求B．support支持C．resolve 决定D．inherit继承．那些支持"自然"的人，相信我们的个性是由生物因素决定的．故选B．
（6）B．副词词意辨析题．A．completely完全地B．largely 主要地C．thoroughly彻底地D．merely仅仅．人的行为模式在很大程度上是由生物因素决定的．故选B．
（7）C．形容词词意辨析题．A．sensitive敏感的B．open打开C．central中心的D．subject主题．我们的环境与我们的能力、特征和行为几乎没有任何关系，这是这一理论的核心．故选C．
（8）D．名词词意辨析题．A．abilities能力B．capacities 能力C．personalities诽谤D．instincts本能．极端地说，这个理论认为，我们的行为在很大程度上是预先决定的，以至于我们几乎完全受本能的支配．故选D．
（9）D．名词词意辨析题．A．experts专家B．scientists科学家C．environmentalists环保主义D．behaviorists行为．"后天培养"理论的支持者，或者如他们通常所说的，行为主义者，声称在决定我们如何行动时，我们的环境比我们基于生物学的本能更重要．故选D．
（10）A．动词词意辨析题．A．shaped塑造B．dominated控制。