浙江省2018届中考英语总复习 第2部分 语法专题复习篇 第36课时 非谓语动词(精讲)试题 外研版

第36课时非谓语动词
非谓语动词是指在句中充当除谓语以外的其他句子成分的动词形式，可作主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语、补足语等，在句中起名词、形容词、副词的作用。

非谓语动词包含三种形式：动词不定式、动名词和分词(现在分词和过去分词)。

对于非谓语动词的考查主要涉及以下考点：
1．动词不定式作宾语、宾语补足语和目的状语的用法；
2．动名词作宾语的用法；
3．动词不定式作后置定语的用法；
4．现在分词作宾语补足语的用法；
5．固定搭配、固定句型。

动词不定式
动词不定式有两种形式：一种是带to的不定式，另一种是不带to的不定式。

带to的不定式由不定式符号to＋动词原形构成；不带to的不定式即为动词原形。

不定式的否定形式为not(to)＋动词原形。

具体用法如下：1．作主语：常用it作形式主语，而把真正的主语(即动词不定式短语)放在后面，以保持句子平衡。

如：To stay healthy is very important.＝It's very important to stay healthy.保持健康是很重要的。

注意：常用句型It's＋adj.＋for/of sb.＋to do sth.
2．作宾语：只能作某些动词的宾语，不能作介词宾语。

如：
I can't afford to buy such a big house.我买不起如此大的房子。

可跟不定式作宾语的动词(短语)有：afford，agree，choose，decide，fail，learn，manage，promise，offer，wish，hope，expect，want，forget，remember，refuse，plan，try，would like等。

【拓展】(1)不定式常和疑问词what，which，when，where，how连用，作动词的宾语，相当于一个宾语从句。

如：
They didn't know what to do.他们不知道做什么。

(2)在find，think，make等动词后常用it作形式宾语，而把真正的宾语(即动词不定式短语)放在后面，以保持句子平衡。

如：
I find it necessary to learn English well.我发现学好英语很有必要。

3．作表语：不定式作表语，一般可转换为作主语。

如：
My dream is to be a scientist.＝To be a scientist is my dream.我的梦想是成为一名科学家。

4．作定语：一般放在所修饰的词的后面。

如：
I want something to drink.我想要点喝的东西。

5．作状语：其逻辑主语要和句子的主语一致。

(1)作目的状语。

如：
We study hard to get good grades.我们努力学习是为了取得好成绩。

(2)作原因状语。

如：
I'm sorry to trouble you.很抱歉打扰您了。

(3)作结果状语。

如：
Sally is too excited to say a word.萨莉太兴奋了而说不出一句话。

(too…to…意为“太……而不能……”)
Tom is old enough to go to school.汤姆足够大了，可以去上学。

6．作宾语补足语：后面能接带to的不定式作宾补的动词有 tell，ask，allow，advise，want，help，wish，teach，warn，invite，encourage等。

如：
Lucy asked him to turn down the radio.露西叫他把收音机关小点。

注意：(1)使役动词let，make，have和感官动词see，hear，watch，notice，feel等后要用不带to的动词不定式作宾补，但在被动语态中，上述动词不定式的to不能省略。

如：
We saw him enter the room.我们看见他进入房间。

(主动)
He was seen to enter the room.他被看见进入房间。

(被动)
(2)help后加不定式作宾语或宾语补足语时可省略to。

如：
I often help (to)do the housework.我经常帮忙做家务。

She often helps me (to)learn maths.她经常帮助我学数学。

【即时训练】
用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。

1．She volunteers there once a week __to__help__ (help)kids learn __to__read__ (read)．
2．If a Swiss invites you __to__meet__ (meet)you at noon，then you're expected __to__be__ (be)there at noon.
3．My brother always refuses __to__let__ (let)me __watch__ (watch)my favourite TV show.
4.The unhappy king needs a shirt of a happy person __to__wear__ (wear)．
5.When night came，they put up a tent__to__keep__ (keep)warm.
动名词
动名词由动词的­ing形式构成，相当于名词。

在句中作主语、宾语、表语和定语。

否定形式：not＋doing。

具体用法如下：
1．作主语：谓语动词常用单数形式。

如：
Eating too much junk food is bad for your health.吃太多垃圾食品对你的健康有害。

2．作宾语：可作动词和介词的宾语。

如：
He enjoys reading English in the morning.他喜欢在早晨读英语。

3．作表语：多数情况下动名词作表语可转化为作主语。

如：
Her hobby is collecting stamps.＝Collecting stamps is her hobby.她的爱好是收集邮票。

4．作定语：表示它所修饰的词的用途等，位于所修饰的词之前。

如：
Remember to bring a sleeping bag.记得带一个睡袋。

常跟动名词作宾语的动词(短语)有：avoid，enjoy，finish，consider，miss，keep，mind，practise，suggest，be busy，feel like， give up，can't help，be/get used to，be worth，look forward to，put off，have fun/trouble/difficulty/problems (in)等。

动词后接不定式和动名词的区别：
go on to do sth.做完一件事后，接着做另一件事
go on doing sth.继续做原来做的事
forget to do sth.忘记要去做某事(未做)
forget doing sth.忘记做过某事(已做)
remember to do sth.记得要去做某事(未做)
remember doing sth.记得做过某事(已做)
try to do sth.努力做某事
try doing sth.试着做某事
stop to do sth.停止、中断做某事后去做另一件事
stop doing sth.停止做某事
mean to do sth.打算、想做某事
mean doing sth.意味着做某事
【即时训练】
用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。

1．The driver only thought about __saving__ (save)a life when he drove the injured man to the hospital.
2．I'm not feeling well and I don't feel like __eating__ (eat)anything.
3．Linda has finished __reading__ (read)the novel.
4．I was boiling __drinking__ (drink)water when my mother came back last night.
5．He stopped his son from __playing__ (play)games on mobile phone.
分词
分词包括现在分词(­ing形式)和过去分词(通常是­ed形式)，既可构成时态，又可作宾语补足语和定语。

(注：其他功能此处不讲)
1．作宾语补足语
现在分词除了构成现在进行时和过去进行时外，还常作宾语补足语，常见的接现在分词作宾补的动词有感官动词，即see/hear/watch/notice/feel sb.doing sth.，意为“看见/听见/……某人正在做某事”。

如：
I heard you playing the piano just now.我刚才听见你在弹钢琴。

2．作后置定语
过去分词除了构成完成时、被动语态外，还常作后置定语。

如：
Toys are not the only things made in China.玩具不是中国制造的唯一的东西。

【即时训练】
用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。

1．Snakes don't have ears but can feel things __moving__ (move)．
2．It is said that a Chinese ruler __called__ (call)Shen Nong was the first to discover tea as a drink.
,过关检测
Ⅰ.用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。

1．The keeper tells the visitors__not__to__touch__ (touch)the tigers.It's very dangerous.
2．I think it's impolite to keep others__waiting__ (wait)．
3．In Switzerland，it's very important __to__be__ (be)on time.
4．To be honest，I really mind him __watching__(watch)TV all the time.
5．—I have no idea where to go next month.
—Why not consider __visiting__ (visit)Beijing? There are so many places of interest there.
6．Many people are using QQ__created__ (create)by Ma Huateng to chat online.
7．Joining a summer camp is a great chance __to__spend__ (spend)free time with your friends.
8．I heard Tom __singing__ (sing)when I walked past the music room yesterday.
9．It's too hard for me to learn it.Can you show me how __to__throw__ (throw)the ball?
10．Mary decided __to__try__ (try)out for a volunteer after­school __reading__ (read)programme.
Ⅱ.根据句意及汉语提示写出单词的正确形式。

1．Miss Smith usually encourages her students __to__speak__ (说)English as much as possible in class.
2．They are busy __preparing__ (准备)for the picnic on Sunday.
3．The teacher kept __explaining__ (解释)the use of the idiom to me until I understood it.
4．She is very hungry.Can you give her something __to__eat__(吃)?
5．The WWF is working hard __to__save__ (拯救)the animals in danger.
Ⅲ.用方框中所给单词的适当形式填空，每词限用一次。

have，collect，watch，dance，write，go
1．Lily plans __to__watch__ Give Me Five(《超能少年团》)tonight.
2．I've read the famous novel The Old Man and the Sea __written__ (write)by Ernest Hemingway.
3．The boy was asked __to__go__ (go)out to buy some fruits.
4．Amy is not good at __dancing__ (dance)，but she would like __to__have__ (have)a try.
5．I've finally realized why my grandpa loves drinking tea and __collecting__ tea sets.。