B9M2 DNA--the Secret of Life教学设计

Book IX Module 2
DNA —the Secret of Life教学设计
【话题】Scientific Discoveries
一、课标解读
I. 课程标准要求
语言技能目标
说八级1能在交流中使用恰当的语调、语气和节奏表达个人意图和情感；（1）读八级4能根据学习任务的需要从多种媒体中获取信息并进行加工处理；（2）写八级3能写出语意连贯且结构完整的短文，叙述事情或表达观点和态度。

（3）语言知识目标
词汇八级1运用词汇理解和表达不同的功能、意图和态度等；（4）
语法八级3使用适当的语言形式进行描述和表达观点、态度、情感等；（5）
功能2在日常人际交往中有效地使用得体的语言进行表达，如发表意见、进行判断、责备、投诉等；（6）
情感态度目标
八级4 能用英语恰当地表达自己的情感、态度和价值观；（7）
学习策略目标
认知策略七级2利用推理和归纳等逻辑手段分析和解决问题。

（8）
交际策略八级1通过解释、重复、举例和证实等方式澄清或论证观点；（9）
资源策略八级能通过图书馆、互联网、报纸、杂志、广播或电视等多渠道资源查找所需信息和材料，例如：百科知识、专业文献、公共信息、统计
数据或新闻报道等；（10）
文化意识目标
七级3 了解英语国家中主要的文学家、艺术家、科学家、政治家的成就、贡献等。

（11）
II. 课程标准解读
目标定位
本节课通过设计多种阅读活动，着重训练学生利用各种阅读手段，获取信息、
整合信息、处理问题、解决问题，并且在对文章充分理解的基础上，借助语篇排除词汇、语法障碍，提高语言运用能力。

（一）、语言知识目标
1. 理解、掌握课文中关于DNA的词语，学习分析课文中的长句和难句，复习
巩固语法-冠词a, an, the及this, that的用法。

2. 了解如何用英语描述DNA给人类带来的益处和负面影响，能运用已有知识
和新学词汇口头交流有关的信息并能书面表达有关话题。

（二）、阅读技能目标
1. 理解文章的主旨大意，归纳段落大意。

2. 能获取和处理文章信息，分析和理解作者的态度和观点。

3. 能识别新学单词、短语并正确理解其意义。

4. 能阅读和理解来自其他资源的相关文章。

（三）、学习策略目标
1. 能利用资源搜集信息，并且自主地进行信息加工。

2. 能运用略读、找读、跳读、猜词等阅读策略，加强对思维方向的自觉控制。

3. 能利用联想、推理和归纳等手段分析和解决问题。

4. 能有效地监控自己的学习行为和学习方式。

（四）、情感态度目标
1. 有较强的合作精神，愿意与他人分享学习资源。

2. 抱着开发的态度了解世界各国对DNA研究的成果。

3. 激发学生探索生命科学的兴趣，培养学生团结协作的科学素养，帮助学生辨证思考转基因、克隆等高新技术发展可能给人类带来的益处和负面效应以及相应的道德挑战。

（五）、文化意识目标
了解英语国家中主要的文学家、艺术家、科学家、政治家的成就、贡献等，针对如何利用科学研究造福于人类提出自己的意见、想法和感受。

二、教材分析
文本取自外研版英语选修九第二模块。

这篇文章的题目是“DNA-the Secret of Life‖，本模块介绍了关于DNA研究的现状最新成果并对未来这一高科技领域
的发展进行展望，进一步激发学生探索生命科学的兴趣，培养学生团结协作的科学素养，帮助学生辨证思考转基因、克隆等高新技术发展可能给人类带来的益处和负面效应以及相应的道德挑战。

本节课是阅读课，文本以Part1、Part2、Part3三个大段落呈现，教师可以在充分利用教材资源的基础上，结合学生的实际情况设计教学活动，旨在帮助学生有效地掌握阅读技巧，形成阅读策略，同时引导学生通过语境学习掌握词汇、语法知识。

三、学情分析
本班学生比较优秀，每次考试成绩在全校５个文科平行班中都名列前茅。

课堂气氛活跃，上课时能积极尝试自我探究、自我发现、主动实践，同时小组合作意识也很强，上课时能够积极主动地配合老师与其他同学共同研究学习，但是，鉴于是农村中学，学生的的口语表达能力相对较差，在用英语表达自己的观点时可能有一定的困难。

DNA这个话题，是当今世界广泛关注的一个话题，基因工程在造福人类的同时，也带来了一些负面影响，由于这一话题学生较熟悉，这节课势必会引起学生极大的学习兴趣，坚定他们热爱科学、探索科学的愿望和决心。

四、教学目标
1. 通过文本学习，获取更多关于DNA的信息。

2. 在问题的引导下，能理顺出段落或篇章的行文特点。

3. 能灵活辨别客观发生的事实与个体对事物的观点。

4. 能充分利用文本提供的词汇、短语、句型，流利说出基因工程对人类的影响。

5. 合理整合文本信息，能准确写出一篇文章，介绍基因工程带给我们的益处与
弊处，并说明如何能使基因工程安全而又有益。

五、评价设计
教学评价贯穿在整个教学过程中，是教学过程不可或缺的重要组成部分。

评价设计与教学目标相辅相成，对目标的顺利实现有推动作用。

结合本课时的教学目标，评价方案设计如下：
评价方案一：
在教学过程中，对应五个具体教学目标的师生、生生评价。

1. 通过文本学习能获取相关DNA信息，即能准确说出DNA是什么、由谁发现
及这一发现的意义。

独立准确完成为优秀，在老师启发或同伴帮助下完成为良好。

2. 在问题的引导下，能理顺出段落或篇章的行文特点。

独立准确完成为优秀，在老师启发或同伴帮助下完成为良好。

3. 能灵活辨别出客观发生的事实与个体对事物的看法。

独立准确完成为优秀，在老师启发或同伴帮助下完成为良好。

4. 能尽可能多地应用本节课所学词汇、短语、句式表达基因工程影响，举止大方、思路开阔、表述流畅的为优秀；举止比较得体、思路相对较宽、能比较流利表述自己观点的为良好。

5. 能合理应用课文语言点及高级词汇、行文流畅、书写美观大方的为优秀，作品可陈列在班级橱窗；能结合所学语言点、行文较为流畅、书写一般的为良好；不能结合所学语言点，行文欠流畅、书写不够规范的为不合格。

评价方案二：
在本课时最后两分钟的学生自评和小组成员互评。

自我评价：
小组互评：
六、教学过程：
Pre-reading
环节一：导入任务，呈现目标（预设时间4分钟）
【教师活动1】通过展示―医院弄错孩子‖的新闻图片，以及James Watson和Francis
Crick的人物图片，以问题的形式引出模块话题——DNA。

Task:Genetics is a science that has already caused great changes in our lives. It has brought about many debates as well. Do you think it brings us more advantages or disadvantages? How can we make it safe and beneficial?
After learning the text, I will be able to:
1.gain more information about DNA.
2.figure out how a paragraph or a passage is developed.
3.distinguish between facts and opinions.
4.talk about the effect that genetic engineering may have on human beings.
5.write an article about the advantages and disadvantages the new technology has
brought about and how we can make it safe and beneficial.
【学生活动1】积极思考并回答老师提出的问题，浏览学习目标，明确本课时要完成的任务。

【设计意图】“抱错孩子”是学生比较熟悉也比较感兴趣的新闻话题，能激发学生的积极性。

与DNA发现者的图片相结合，使得话题的引出、任务的导入与目标的呈现如水到渠成，非常自然。

同时，该环节还检查了学生课前预习情况，巩固commit和victim两个词的含义。

While-reading
环节二：阅读文本，落实任务（预设时间24分钟）
【教师活动2】通过设置问题，引导学生在快速阅读的基础上抓出Part1的段落大意，并能明确Part3的行文特点。

Question 1：What‘s the main idea of Part 1?
Question 2：Of the four stories in Part 2, which do you think are true?
Question 3：Read Part 3 and try to figure out how it is developed.
【设计意图】限时阅读有助于培养学生良好的阅读习惯和阅读技巧。

因为课文直接以Part1、Part2、Part3三个大段落呈现，所以就不用划分段落，直接以问题的形式引导学生归纳Part1的主题大意、判断Part2中所讲述的四个小故事的真实
性和理顺Part3的行文特点。

因为Part3的第一小段直接点出故事A和D是真实的，所以将限时快读分成两步完成，即Part1和Part2放在一起，Part3单独进行。

【学生活动2】快速阅读课文，回答老师提出的三个问题。

【评价说明】能够独立准确归纳出主旨大意、判断出四个小故事真实性、明确行文特点的为优秀，在老师启发或同伴帮助下完成的为良好。

【教师活动3】结合目标与任务，设置回答问题、判断正误等多种形式的问题，引导学生细读课文。

通过问题完成情况了解学生对细节的把握度，同时穿插精讲语言点，为任务的最终完成做好铺垫。

【学生活动3】细读课文并完成各种习题，理解语言点及其应用，在为完成任务打好基础的同时，也提高了细节理解技能。

Part 1 回答下面两个问题:
(1)What is DNA?
(2)Why did Watson and Crick say, ―We have discovered the secret of life‖? 【设计意图】这两个问题本身构成了Part 1的主旨大意，所以能进一步引导学生领会归纳main idea的技巧。

另一方面，两个问题的答语中包含了Part1中的语言点，有利于学生对文本进行深层理解。

Task-linking: 翻译句子
1.DNA的发现已经对我们的生活产生了巨大影响。

2.我们可以通过基因技术避免把遗传病传给孩子。

【设计意图】这两个句子所应用的have an enormous influence on…和pass…on to…就是上面回答问题时点拨的语言点，这样既可以引导学生正确应用重难点，又能为最后任务的顺利完成打好伏笔。

【评价说明】能够准确回答问题、正确利用语言点遣词作句的，独立完成者为优秀，在老师启发或同伴帮助下完成者为良好。

Part 2 True or False练习
1. Waters was arrested later because his DNA matched exactly that of the cells on the victim. ( )
2. Julia had a big and very expensive operation to have a good-looking child. ( )
3. Mark won almost all races because the surgeon inserted an animal gene into his
body. ( ) (4) Clara decided to get rid of the unborn baby because it is likely that her child will
be born with a terrible inherited illness. ( )【设计意图】通过完成这四个判断正误小练习，能让学生对前面快读环节中问题2进行深层理解，从而培养学生辨别facts和opinions的技能，提高其逻辑思维能力。

同时有助于学生在语境中理解重点词汇句型的具体应用。

Consolidation: 翻译下面的句子
他可能会出任该职位。

(用likely / possible完成)
【设计意图】因为目标任务是描述我们如何使基因工程安全有益于人类，所以通过操练句型“有可能……”，有助于引导学生正确表述不确定的未来事物。

【评价说明】能够正确判断正误、准确利用语言点遣词作句的，独立完成者为优秀，在老师启发或同伴帮助下完成者为良好。

Part 3 正确选择作者对基因工程的态度
What‘s the author‘s attitude towards the new technology of genetic engineering?
A. Supportive
B. Worried
C. Indifferent
D. Neutral
【设计意图】作者通过一系列问题引导读者进行深度思考，这种写作手法我们平时在阅读中经常能遇到，所以以选择的形式训练学生的阅读思路，提高其阅读技能。

【评价说明】能准确选出选项的为优秀；在老师启发或同伴帮助下完成的为良好。

Post-reading
环节三：语法回顾，总结提升（预设5分钟）
– a/ an ; the ; this ; that用法
【教师活动4】引导学生回读课文中的几个例句，加强学生对冠词用法的理解。

然后借助课文缩写，将课文中的重点词汇短语及冠词的用法穿插在一起，提升学生的运用能力。

1.Watson and Crick had found the answer to one of the most important
questions of biology.
2.Hospital tests showed that her child would have this illness.
3.The couple decided to get rid of the unborn baby.
4.Mark Sawyer is a top athlete, and he wants to stay that way.
5.We may be able to get rid of the disease—but keep the baby. Wouldn‘t that
be wonderful?
James Watson and Francis Crick (1)__________(成功) in understanding (2)_______ (a/the) structure of DNA and how genes are able to (3) _________(复制) themselves. This discovery has had an (4) __________(巨大的) influence on our lives. Waters(5) ____________(犯罪) a murder and left some cells on his victim. Later he was arrested because his DNA matched (6)________(a/the/that) from the cells. Julia had an operation to have an intelligent, good-looking baby, using a technology called genetic engineering. A surgeon (7)__________(插入) an animal gene into Mark. After that he won all his races. Clara decided to get rid of her unborn baby because it is (8)_________(可能) that her child will be born with a terrible illness.
【学生活动4】朗读课文原句，理解冠词及this/ that的应用；通过完型填空检测本节课自己在重点词汇、短语、句型及语法等方面的掌握情况。

部分学生上黑板展示自己的答案。

【设计意图】本模块的语法重点是回顾冠词及代词this / that的用法，利用课文出现的句子，有助于学生在语境中准确理解其应用。

同时，借助课文缩写，既让学生巩固了课文中的重难点，同时也加深理解语法应用，可谓一举两得。

【评价说明】能准确完成课文缩写，理解本节课重点词汇、短语、句型及语法应用，独立完成者为优秀；在老师启发或同伴帮助下完成的为良好。

环节四：小组合作，完成任务（预设时间6分钟）
Genetics is a science that has already caused great changes in our lives. It has brought about many debates as well. Do you think it brings us more advantages or disadvantages? How can we make it safe and beneficial?
【教师活动5】提出问题，生成任务。

在小组合作过程中通过巡视观察了解学生任务完成情况，必要时予以指导或帮助。

在学生展示成果的过程中，适时给予评
价，并提出改进意见以完善成果。

【学生活动5】小组讨论，完成任务。

每个成员都积极参与讨论，踊跃表达自己的观点，不能被动地当听众。

【设计意图】通过小组讨论，实现语言技能目标中的说和写目标，即能流利表达基因工程给我们的生活带来的利与弊，并把关键词写在卡片上有效帮助梳理辩论思路；同时又培养学生的文化意识，即针对如何利用科技造福人类提出自己的意见和看法。

此外，小组成员之间可以互相取长补短，来完善自己的成果，从而培养了学生的小组合作意识。

环节五：展示成果，提升能力（预设时间5分钟）
【教师活动6】对小组展示的成果予以点拨与评价，多用鼓励性评价语让学生有强烈的收获感、成功感，进而激发兴趣并增强信心。

【学生活动6】小组代表积极展示自己小组的讨论成果，对于观点不一致的小组成果大胆予以反驳并展开辩论，对于观点一致的则可以积极补充。

【设计意图】分组讨论结束后，进行成果展示汇报。

因为基因工程给我们带来的有益也有弊，所以学生会出现两种对立的观点。

鼓励学生大胆表达自己的看法。

学生可以充分利用小卡片，帮助自己梳理思路，也可以供写作环节做参考。

因为本节课阅读量较大，所以可以把写作当做课后作业，其成果展现在下堂课进行。

【评价说明】举止大方、思路开阔、表述流畅、并尽可能多地运用本节课所学词汇、短语及句式的为优秀；举止较得体、思路较宽、能较流利表述观点的为良好。

环节五：回应目标，评价反思（预设2分钟）
【教师活动7】通过自我评价和组内互评两种方式，引导学生对教学目标的五个方面进行客观评价。

教师课后及时浏览学生的评价表，对自己本节课的教学也予以评价与反思。

【学生活动7】根据自己具体的课堂学习情况进行自我评价；同时真实评价组内成员的读、说、小组参与等多方面的表现。

【设计意图】通过自我评价和组内互评两种形式，客观反映本节课学习目标与任务的达成情况。

这不仅有利于教师了解学生掌握情况，使本模块的后续教学更有
针对性，而且也有利于教师总结反思所采用的教学环节哪些是高效，哪些是低效，从而在日后的工作中扬长避短，再上新高。

Write an article to list some advantages and disadvantages that genetics has brought us and try to explain how we can make it safe and beneficial.
【设计意图】本节课是一节将泛读与精读合在一起阅读课，所以课堂时间基本都花费在读与说上，对于写的训练不能当堂完成。

鼓励学生课后完成写的任务。

【评价说明】书写美观大方、行文流畅、能合理应用课文语言点及高级词汇的优秀作品可陈列在班级橱窗，既对书写者予以肯定表扬，也给其他同学树立了榜样。

七、板书设计
succeeded reproduce enormous committed
It is likely that…
pass laws ; raise people‘s awareness
Book IX Module 2
DNA —the Secret of Life
课前热身学案
序号5-1
课前学习目标：
1.To get to know some words and expressions related to DNA.
2.To get familiar with the words and expressions on Page 15 and Page 17 (Part 3).
3.To learn about two great scientists—James Watson and Francis Crick.
学法指导：自主探究
一、热身导航
1.预习课本P15内容，完成练习1和3.
2.预习课文Part1和Part2两部分，了解文章内容并完成Page16&17练习1&
3.
二、预习成果小验收：词义配对：
commit a. someone is going to have a baby
pregnant b. to have babies of produce young plants
reproduce c. to ask someone questions
question (v.) d. to go with something
match e. someone who got killed or injured
victim f. to kill somebody
三、热身加油站
The names James Watson and Francis Crick aren‘t exactly known in every household, but these two scientists have profoundly influenced our lives. They were the first people to describe the structure of deoxyribonucleic acid(脱氧核糖核酸), better known to us as _____, which determines everything from the color of our eyes to the shape of our fingernails. Because of them we now have a much deeper understanding of how the human body works.
James Watson was born in Chicago in 1928. He graduated from University with a degree in Zoology. In 1950 he received his Ph.D. In his doctoral work, he began studying bacteria. During this study he became interested in the structure of DNA. Francis Crick was born in 1918 in England. He studied physics in college. He became interested in X-ray diffraction(X射线衍射) on proteins, a subject that also fascinated Watson. Watson and Crick met in 1951 and the two soon realized they were joined by a common goal—DNA research. In 1953 the two were able to prove the double-helix (双螺旋) structure of DNA by using X-ray diffraction techniques. They were awarded the Nobel Prize in 1962. Without their pioneering research, the structure of DNA might still be a mystery.
Even though their collaboration(合作) lasted only a few years, their achievement was enough to tie their names together forever in the history of science. They paved
the way for the early detection of genetic diseases such as sickle-cell anemia(镰刀型细胞贫血), and for new scientific leaps such as animal cloning.
1.What‘s the main idea of the passage?
________________________________________________________________ 2.How is the whole passage developed?
________________________________________________________________ 3.Fill in the blank with suitable words. (no more than two words)
________________________________________________________________ 4.Translate the underlined sentence into Chinese.
________________________________________________________________ 四、收获与反思
After reading the passage above, do you know more about the discovery of DNA?
Can you list some uses of genetics technology?
________________________________________________________________
Book IX Module 2
DNA —the Secret of Life
课中学习学案
序号5-2
Pre-reading
Warming up
1.Show several pictures and share a true story –two families accused a hospital
after they found their daughters were swapped at birth, 12 years ago.
Question: How could they convince the court that the hospital committed the mistake?
_________________________ _______________________________ 2.Show pictures of James Watson and Francis Crick and the structure of DNA.
Questions: Do you know who they are?
_________________________________________________________
What great contributions did they make to human beings?
_________________________________________________________
Presentation of the task
Genetics is a science that has already caused great changes in our lives. It has brought about many debates as well. Do you think it brings us more advantages or disadvantages? How can we make it safe and beneficial?
Learning objectives:
After learning the text, I will be able to:
1.gain more information about DNA.
2.figure out how a paragraph or a passage is developed..
3.distinguish between facts and opinions.
4.talk about the effect that genetic engineering may have on human beings.
5.write an article about the advantages and disadvantages the new technology has
brought about and how we can make it safe and beneficial.
While-reading
Preparations for the task
I. Skimming for main ideas
1.Read Parts 1&2 as quickly as you can and try to answer the questions:
(1)What‘s the main idea of Part 1?
_________________________________________________________
(2)Of the four stories in Part 2, which do you think are true?
__________________________________________________________
2.Read Part 3 and try to figure out how it is developed.
A. By giving examples
B. By explaining
C. By asking questions
D. By describing the fact.
II. Scanning for details
1.Read Part1 and answer the questions:
(1)What is DNA? Has the discovery of it had influence on our lives?
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
(2)Why did Watson and Crick say, ―We have discovered the secret of life?
______________________________________________________________ Task-linking:
DNA的发现已经对我们的生活产生了巨大影响。

__________________________________________________________________ 我们可以通过基因技术避免把遗传病传给孩子。

__________________________________________________________________ 2.Read Part 2 and decide the following statements are true (T) or false (F).:
(1). Waters was arrested later because his DNA matched exactly that of the cells
on the victim. ( )
(2) Julia had a big and very expensive operation to have a good-looking child.
( )
(3) Mark won almost all races because the surgeon inserted an animal gene into
his body. ( )
(4) Clara decided to get rid of the unborn baby because it is likely that her child
will be born with a terrible inherited illness. ( ) Task-linking:
他可能会出任该职位。

(用likely / possible完成)
___________________________________________________________
3.Read Part 3 .Then think over the question.
What‘s the author‘s attitude towards the new technology of genetic engineering?
A. Supportive
B. Worried
C. Indifferent
D. Neutral
Post-reading
I. Grammar – a / an ; the ; this ; that
Read the sentences from the text, pay attention to the usage of a/an; the ; this ; that
6.Watson and Crick had found the answer to one of the most important
questions of biology.
7.Hospital tests showed that her child would have this illness.
8.The couple decided to get rid of the unborn baby.
9.Mark Sawyer is a top athlete, and he wants to stay that way.
10.We may be able to get rid of the disease—but keep the baby. Wouldn‘t that
be wonderful?
II. Consolidation:
James Watson and Francis Crick (1)__________(成功) in understanding (2)_______ (a/the) structure of DNA and how genes are able to (3) _________(复制) themselves. This discovery has had an (4) __________(巨大的) influence on our lives. Waters(5) ____________(犯罪) a murder and left some cells on his victim. Later he was arrested because his DNA matched (6)________(a/the/that) from the cells. Julia had an operation to have an intelligent, good-looking baby, using a technology called genetic engineering. A surgeon (7)__________(插入) an animal gene into Mark. After that he won all his races. Clara decided to get rid of her unborn baby because it is (8)_________(可能) that her child will be born with a terrible illness.
III. Accomplishment of the task
1.Discussion – Group work
Genetics is a science that has already caused great changes in our lives. It has
brought about many debates as well. Do you think it brings us more advantages or disadvantages? How can we make it safe and beneficial?
__________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________ 2.Showing the outcome.
IV. Homework:
Write an article to list some advantages and disadvantages that genetics has brought us and try to explain how we can make it safe and beneficial.
V. Evaluation:
自我评价：
小组互评：
Book IX Module 2
DNA —the Secret of Life
试题
一、单词拼写
1) The scenery here is almost i_______ to the one that I saw in England.
2) Climate changes have serious c_______ for all the people on the earth.
3) He dreamed of earning his f_____ and wealth overnight.
4) He is an a________ young lawyer and he dreams of becoming well-known
5) I‘ll continue to carry out the r______ into genetics after graduation.
6) Screen v_______ has a great effect on the minds of young viewers.
7) Now is the news today in d______.
8) He was thought highly of for making the most important d_____ in science.
9) These policies are to a great e_____ responsible for the falling of the prices of
houses.
10) If time could go back several _______（十年），I would really like to be a student
of yours.
二、单项选择
1. You must write home _____ even when you don‘t have much to say.
A. more or less
B. now and then
C. sooner or later
D. little by little
2.The employment rate has continued to rise in big cities thanks to the efforts of the local government to increase ______. (2010 北京)
A. then
B. those
C. it
D. that
3. We feel ______ our duty to make our country a better place. (2011 天津)
A. it
B. this
C. that
D. one
4. Why don‘t you bring _____ to his attention that you‘re too ill to work on?
A. that
B. it
C. his
D. him (2011 江西)
5. —I‘ve read another book this week.
—Well, maybe ______ is not how much you read but what you read that counts.
A. this
B. that
C. there
D. it (2009 浙江)
6. I like a house with a beautiful garden in front, but I don’t have enough money to buy ______. （2009 江西）
A. one
B. it
C. this
D. that
7. It’s high time you had your hair cut; it’s getting _______. (2009 全国)
A. too much long
B. much too long
C. long too much
D. too long much
8. Usually John would be late for meetings. But this time, _____ to my surprise, he arrived on time. (2009 北京)
A. little
B. much
C. ever
D. even
9. He doesn‘t have ______ furniture in his room —just an old desk. (2008 陕西)
A. any
B. many
C. some
D. much
10. The two girls are getting on very well and share _____ with each other.
A. little
B. much
C. some
D. none (2008 安徽)
11. The more I think about him, the more reasons I find for loving him ______I did.
A. as much as
B. as long as
C. as soon as
D. as far as (2005 湖南)
12. As is known to all, ______ People’s Republic of China is ______ biggest
developing country in the world. (2011 陕西) A．the; 不填 B.不填; the C. the; the D. 不填; 不填
13. If we sit near _____ front of the bus, we’ll have _____ better view. (2010 山东)
A. 不填; the
B. 不填; a
C. the; a
D. the; the
14.Some people fear that _____ air pollution may bring about changes in _____
weather around the world. (2009 江西)
A. 不填; the
B. the; 不填
C. an; the
D. the; a
15. You ‗d better remember _______: Smile to everyone.
A. it
B. that
C. what
D. this
三、完成句子
1.John,__________________(像他父亲)，is taking over the business of his family.
2.What parents say and do ____________________________________(的确对孩子有极大的影响)
3. The doctor ordered the injured soldiers ________________________(马上做手术)
4. He was too careless ,and ___________________________(结果)，he failed the test.
5. His success depended_____________________________________________(在很大程度上得益于家人的支持)
6. We can ______________________________(相信) that scientists will find alternative resources for us in the future.
7. I ______________________________________(赞成你设法赚钱),but please don’t neglect your studies.
8. All the members present _____________________________(坚决反对这个计划).
四、阅读理解
Scientists continue to search for genetic answers to why some people live a long time.
One study has now examined more than four hundred and fifty people between the ages of ninety-five and one hundred and ten. Researchers at the Albert Einstein College of Medicine of Yeshiva University in New York recently reported the latest findings. The study looked at changes in genes that govern an important cell-signaling pathway. These genes are involved in the action of a hormone that affects almost
every kind of cell in the body. The hormone is called insulin(胰岛素)-like growth factor, or IGF-one.
Other researchers have found that mutations (变异)to the genes cause two effects in animals. The animals do not grow as big as others of their kind but they live longer. The Einstein team wondered if these changes might also influence how long humans live. So they looked for the mutations in their study group of Ashkenazi, or Eastern European, Jews. Ashkenazi Jews are more genetically similar than most other groups, so any differences are easier to find.
The researchers compared the findings to other Ashkenazi Jews whose family members did not live as long. In the control group, they say, no one had the mutations. Yet even in the study group, where the average age was one hundred, only two percent of the people had them. In other words, there are more answers waiting to be found. In recent years, the scientists have even identified so-called longevity genes.
The latest findings were published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. The mutations were found mostly in women. Daughters of those who lived to be one hundred had higher levels of the hormone than people in the control group. And they were an average of two and a half centimeters shorter.
A drug that decreases the action of the IGF-one hormone is currently being tested as a cancer treatment. Nir Barzilai, leader of the Einstein study, says the drug could be useful in delaying the effects of aging. But he noted that the subjects in the study were born with their mutations. So it is not clear whether the drug would help people who receive it later.
Doctor Barzilai also points out that many people are receiving treatments with human growth hormone to try to delay the effects of aging. Yet he says if low growth-hormone action extends life, as the new findings suggest, then he wonders if getting more of it could shorten life.
1. According to the passage, the longevity of a person is decided by ___________
A. longevity genes
B. taking drugs
C. hormone
D. living habits
2. Which of the following statements is not TRUE?
A. All big animals don‘t live longer than small animals。