【知识】九年级Goforit知识点总归纳

【关键字】知识
九年英语复习资料
Unit 1
Section 1A
一、短语
1.by介词，“通过…(方式,手段)”
by making flashcards 通过做单词抽认卡by doing sth 通过…..方式（途径）。

例：I learn English by listening to tapes.
②在…..旁边。

例：by the window/the door
③乘坐交通工具例：by bus/car
④在……之前，到……为止。

例：by October在10月前
⑤被例：English is spoken by many people.
2.read the textbook读/看教科书
3.make vocabulary lists 列生词表
4.listen to tapes听磁带
5.ask sb for help向某人求助
6.study for a test为备考学习
7.watch videos观看录像
8.practice sth练习某事;practice doing sth练习做某事Do you ever practice conversations with friends (与朋友对话)?
I have to practice speaking English everyday.
9.read aloud朗读
10.that way=in that way通过那种方式
11.improve my speaking skills
提高我的会话技巧
12. too…to…太….而不能…
It’s too hard for me to understand the article. = It’s so hard that I can’t understand the article.
13. for example=for instance 例如
14. ask about询问有关…;ask sb ab out sth向某人询问/打听有关…. We asked them about the best ways to learn more English. I want to ask about the use of the new machines.
15. watch/see/hear sb do sth观看/看见/听见某人做过某事;watch/see/hear sb doing sth观看/看见/听见某人正在做某事He can watch actors say the words. Can you hear him singing in the room?
16. 辨析:sometime ;sometimes ;some times ;some time
①sometime在将来/过去的某一时间I’ll speak to him about it sometime. 我会找个时间和他谈谈这事. I met her sometime last year.去年的某个时候我见过她. ②sometimes = at times有时,偶尔It is sometimes hot and sometimes cold here. He sometimes writes to me.
③some time A.一些时间:It will take you some time to walk there. B.在未来的某时=sometime: Phone me some time next week下个星期什么时候给我打电话吧.
④some times一些次,几次I've told him the thing some times. 17. join短语:①join sb加入到某人的活动中去②join in+活动项目"参加…活动" I'd like to join in the game.
③join+组织机构"加入到某个组织机构,成为其中的一个成员"join the Party; join the League, The best way to improve your English is to join an English club
18. have fun 玩得高兴
19. not at all 一点也不
20. get excited 高兴、激动
21. end up (vi.) 结束; 告终; 结果; 最后
end up doing sth.
We end up taking a taxi there .我们结果乘出租车去了那里. We sometimes end up speaking in Chinese.(以说汉语结束对话)
22. do a survey 做调查;do a survey about针对…做调查I'm doing a survey about learning English. 我在进行学习英语的调查。

23. keep an English notebook 记英语笔记
二、重点知识
1. by + doing 通过……方式如：by studying with a group
by 还可以表示：“在…旁”、“靠近”、“在…期间”、“用、”“经过”、“乘车”等
如：I live by the river. I have to go back by ten o’clock.
The thief entered the room by the window.
The student went to park by bus.
2. talk about 谈论，议论，讨论
如：The studentsoften talk about movie after class. 学生们常常在课后讨论电影。

talk to sb. === talk with sb. 与某人说话
3. 提建议的句子：
①What/ how about +doing sth.?
如：What/ How about going shopping?
②Why don’t you + do sth.? 如：Why don’t you go
shopping?
③Why not + do sth. ? 如：Why not go shopping?
④Let’s + do sth. 如：Let’s go shopping
⑤Shall we/ I + do sth.?如：Shall we/ I go
shopping?
4. a lot 许多常用于句末如：I eat a lot. 我吃了许多。

5.too…to 太…而不能常用的句型too+adj./adv. + to
do sth.
如：I’m too tired to say anything. 我太累了，什么都不想说。

6. aloud, loud与loudly的用法
三个词都与"大声"或"响亮"有关。

①aloud是副词,重点在出声能让人听见,但声音不一定很大,
常用在读书或说话上。

通常放在动词之后。

aloud没有比较级
形式。

如: He read the story aloud to his son.
他朗读那篇故事给他儿子听。

②loud可作形容词或副词。

用作副词时,常与speak, talk,
laugh等动词连用,多用于比较级,须放在动词之后。

如:
She told us to speak a little louder. 她让我们说大声一点。

③loudly是副词,与loud同义,有时两者可替换使用,但往往
含有令人讨厌或打扰别人的意思,可位于动词之前或之后。

如:
He does not talk loudly or laugh loudly in public. 他不当众大声谈笑。

7.not …at all 一点也不根本不如：
I like milk very much. I do n’t like coffee at all. 我非常喜欢牛奶。

我一点也不喜欢咖啡。

not经常可以和助动词结合在一起，at all 则放在句尾8. be / get excited about sth.=== be / get excited about doing sth.
=== be excited to do sth. 对…感兴奋如：
I am / get excited about going to Beijing.===
I am excited to go to Beijing. 我对去北京感到兴奋。

9. ①end up doing sth 终止做某事，结束做某事如：
The party ended up singing. 晚会以唱歌而结束。

②end up with sth. 以…结束如：
The party ended up with her singing. 晚会以她的歌唱而告终。

Section 1B
一、短语
1.spoken English英语口语;
written English书面英语
2.make mistakes/make a mistake犯错误
3.get the pronunciation right 使发音准确
4.practice speaking English 练习说英语
5.first of all 首先
6.to begin with一开始
te on 随后
8. be afraid to do因为害怕而不敢做某事
I'm afraid to speak in class.
9. in class 在课堂上
ugh at sb嘲笑某人;
laugh at sth因为某事而发笑
11.make sentences造句
12.辨析: too , also , either: too, also用于肯定句,疑问句;also用于行前be后,情后助后; either用于否定句,置句末
13.decide to do sth决定做某事
14.take notes做笔记
15.have trouble doing sth在…方面有困难If you have some trouble spelling new words , you can look them up in the dictionary. 16. enjoy doing 喜欢干
17. be impressed 深受感动
impress sth on sb/impress sb with sth
使某人铭记某事
18.write down 写下、记下
19.look up（v-adv）“查字典”
20. feel+形容词“感觉起来…”
21. native speakers 说本族话的人
22. make up 组成、构成
23. as当作…
Most people speak English as a second language.
You can use the book as your textbook.
Regard problems as challenges.
24. around the world 全世界=all over the world
1. 首先
. 一开始
后来、随
也、而且（用于肯定句）常在句子的中间
也（用于否定句）常在句末
(用于肯定句) 常在句末
犯错如：I often make mistakes. 我经常犯错。

make a mistake 犯一个错误如：I have made a mistake.
我已经犯了一个错误。

4. laugh at sb. 笑话；取笑（某人）如：Don’t laugh at me!不要取笑我!
5. take notes 做笔记，做记录
6. enjoy doing sth .喜欢做…乐意做… 如：
She enjoys playing football. 她喜欢踢足球。

enjoy oneself 过得愉快如：He enjoyed himself. 他过得愉快。

7. native speaker 说本族语的人
8. make up 组成、构成
9. one of +(the+ 形容词最高级)+名词复数形式…其中之一
如：She is one of the most popular teachers. 她是最受欢迎的教师之一。

10. It’s +形容词+(for sb. ) to do sth. (对于某人来说)做某事…
如：It’s difficult (for me ) to study English.
对于我来说学习英语太难了。

句中的it 是形式主语，真正的主语是to study English
11. practice doing 练习做某事如：
She often practice speaking English. 她经常练习说英语。

12. decide to do sth. 决定做某事如：
LiLei has decided to go to BeiJing . 李雷已经决定去北京。

13. unless 假如不，除非引导条件状语从句
如：You will fail unless you work hard..假如你不努力你会失败。

I won’t write unless he writes first. 除非他先写要不我不写
1Reading
一、短语
1.deal with处置=do with
How do you deal with your problem?
2. unless连词“除非…否则…” (不用于假想的事) Unless you start at once , you will be late. 除非你马上出发,否则你要迟到了.
Nobody , unless Tom can help you. 除了汤姆别人帮不了你。

3.worry about （be worried about）
担心、担忧
4.be angry with 生某人的气
5.stay angry 生气
6.go by 消逝
7. affect (vt.)影响,感动Worrying about our problem affects how we do at home.
8. have disagreements有分歧,意见不同
9. reg ard…as… 把……当做……
plain about…抱怨… Many students complain about school. He often complains about the weather here.
11.change…into…把…转变为…
We must learn how to change problems into challenges.
12.try one's best to do sth尽力做某事
13.with the help of 在...的帮助下
14.think of (think about)想起、想到pare A to B 把A比作B
Scientists sometimes compare the human brain to a computer. 科学家有时将人脑比作电脑。

16. physical problems 身体上的问题
17. face the challenge面对挑战
18. forget about (口语)不要放在心上;忘掉Did you forget about the meeting ? He forgot about sweeping the floor .
19. break off 中断
break off a friendship断绝友谊;断交
20. in a way用某种方式;
in a positive way以正面的方式
二、重点知识
1. deal with 处理如：I dealt with a lot of problem.
2. worry about sb./ sth. 担心某人/ 某事
如：Mother worried about his son just now.
妈妈刚才担心他的儿子。

3. be angry with sb. 对某人生气如：
I was angry with her. 我对她生气。

4. perhaps === maybe 也许
5. go by (时间) 过去如：Two years went by. 两年过去了。

看见某人正在做某事强调正在
发生
see sb. / sth. do看见某人在做某事如：
如：She saw him drawing a picture in the classroom.
她看见他正在教室里画画。

7. each other 彼此
8. regard… as … 把…看作为….如：
The boys regarded Anna as a fool. 这些男孩把安娜看many许多修饰可数名词如：too many
much许多修饰不可数名词如：too much too太修饰形容词如：much too beautiful
10. change…into…将…变为…
如：The magician changed the pen into a book. 这个魔术师将这本书变为一本书。

11. with the help of sb. == with one’s help 在某人的帮助下
如：with the help of LiLei == with LiLei’s help 在李雷的帮助下
pare … to …把…与…相比
如：Compare you to Anna, you are lucky.
你和安娜相比，你是幸运的。

中，动词
如：Last summer I went to Beijing. T his year I’m going to Shanghai instead.去年夏天我去北京, 今年我将要去上海。

I will go instead of you. 我将代替你去。

He stayed at home instead of going swimming. 他呆在家里而不是去游泳。

Unit 2
Section 2A
一、短语
ed to do过去常常作某事,表示以往的事实或情况He used to be tall , didn’t he ? Yes, he did. No, he didn’t.
2.Over here! = Come over here! 到这边来!过来!
3.play the piano 弹钢琴
4.be interested in 对…感兴趣.
5. be on a team 加入…队I'm on a swim team.
6.People sure change.人确实在变
7.be afraid of ⑴害怕，畏惧：be afraid of sth /doing sth 害怕… I used to be afraid of the dark. Fred is afraid of flying. He feels anxious before he gets on the plane. He is afraid of going /to go out alone at night. 他害怕夜晚独自出去。

⑵担忧，忧虑（为某事可能产生的后果而担忧）He is afraid of dying.他怕死。

8.be alone 独自、单独（表状态）
live alone单独住，独居
fell lonely 感到孤独，寂寞
9.in an airplane 坐飞机.
10.go to sleep 入睡、睡着
11. be terrified of 害怕.
be terrified of sb/sth
对…感到恐惧,很害怕
12.with the light on开着灯;with the eyes closed闭着眼睛He often sleeps with the light on.他经常开灯睡觉。

二、重点知识
1. used to 过去常常做某事,暗指现在已经不存在的动作或状态. 后跟动词原形.
否定形式为: didn’t use to 或usedn’t to疑问形式为: D id…use to…? 或Used…to…?
be/get used to 习惯于, to 为介词.
2. wear 表示状态. put on 表示动作. dress + 人给某人穿衣服.
3. on the swim team on 是…的成员,在…供职.
4. Don’t you remember m e? 否定疑问句.
Yes, I do. 不, 我记得. No, I don’t 是的, 我不记得了.
5. 反意疑问句:
①陈述部分的主语为this, that, 疑问部分主语用it; 陈述部分主语用these, those, 疑问部分用they 做主语. 例: This is a new story, isn’t it? Those are your parents, aren’t they?
②陈述部分是there be 结构, 疑问部分仍用there 例: There was a man named Paul, wasn’t there?
③ I am 后的疑问句, 用aren’t I
例: I am in Class 2, aren’t I?
④陈述部分与含有not, no, never, few, little, hardly, seldom, neither, none 等词时,疑问部分用肯定. 例: Few people liked this movie, didn’t they?
但陈述句中若带有否定前缀或后缀的单词时, 这个句子仍视为肯定, 后面仍用否定.
例: Your sister is unhappy, isn’t she?
⑤陈述部分的主语若为不定式或V-ing 短语, 疑问部分主语用it.
例: To spend so much money on clothes is unnecessary, isn’t it?
⑥陈述句中主语是nobody, no one, everyone, everybody 等指人的不定代词时,疑问部分用they做主语; 若陈述部分主语是something, anything, noting, everything 等指事物的不定代词时, 疑问部分用it 做主语.
例: Nobody says one word about the accident, do they?
Everything seems perfect, doesn’t it?
⑦当主语是第一人称I时, 若谓动为think, believe, guess 等词时, 且其后跟宾丛,这时疑问句部分的人称, 时态要与宾语从句保持一致, 同时还要考虑否定转移. 例: I don’t think he can finish the w ork in time, can he?
⑧前面是祈使句, 后用will you? (let’s 开头时, 后用shall we?)
6. Wow! People sure change. (P11)哇！人确实是会变的。

句中的sure用作副词，意为“确实”，“无疑”。

sure一词更常见于以下用法和句型：
◎表示“可以”，“当然”，“没问题”，常用来答应他人的请求，相当于Yes./OK./Great./Certainly./Of course. —Did you have a good trip?旅途愉快吗？
—Sure./Of course.当然。

—Would you like to go with us?愿意和我们一起去吗？—Sure./Certainly.好啊。

◎be sure about/of意为“确信，对……有把握”，后接名词，代词或v-ing形式，表示对客观事物有肯定的认识和判断，主语必须是人。

I’m sure of passing the examination.我相信我会通过考试。

He lives in this building but I’m not sure about the room number.
他住在这栋楼里，但是房间号码我不太清楚。

◎be sure to意为“一定”，“肯定”，后接不定式，往往表示局外人的推测、评论，主语不一定是人。

It’s sure to rain tomorrow.明天一定会下雨。

She is sure to understand much more than before.她一定比以前懂得更多了。

试比较下面两句：
The old woman is sure to live to more than ninety.
这位老太太肯定可以活到九十多岁。

The old woman is sure of living to more than ninety.
这位老太太相信自己可以活到九十多岁。

◎be sure to 用于祈使句时，是“务必”，“切望”的意思。

Be sure to review the text after class.课后务必复习课文。

Be sure to come tomorrow，everyone.大家明天一定要来。

◎be sure接that从句时，意为“认为……一定会”，主语必须是人，连词that可以省略。

be sure后面还可以接由whether，where, when或who等引导的名词性从句，这时主句通常是否定形式。

I’m not sure whether I can come tomorrow.我明天是否能来还说不准。

I’m sure that I can run faster than you.我确信我比你跑得快。

7. ①be afraid to do因为害怕而不敢做某事
I'm afraid to speak in class.
②be afraid of ⑴害怕，畏惧：be afraid of sth /doing sth 害怕…
I used to be afraid of the dark. Fred is afraid of flying.
He feels anxious before he gets on the plane. He is afraid of going /to go out alone at night. 他害怕夜
晚独自出去。

⑵担忧，忧虑（为某事可能产生的后
果而担忧）He is afraid of dying.他怕死。

③be afraid +that从句：恐怕…
I afaid that he can’t coming today.
8. I’m terrified of the dark. (P12)我十分怕黑。

terrified为形容词，意为“受惊吓的，恐惧的”，表示“害怕……, 恐惧……”，固定用法be terrified of相当于be afraid of。

但be terrified of 害怕的程度比be afraid of 深.
I’m terrified of being at home by myself. 我很害怕独自呆在家。

特别提示
terrified的动词形式为terrify，表示“使害怕”，“使恐惧”。

There are several persons terrifying the little boy.
有几个人正在恐吓那个小男孩。

9. I go to sleep with my bedroom light on.我开着卧室的灯睡觉。

(1)with my bedroom light on为介词短语，在句中用作状语，表示伴随情况。

He walked out of the room with his coat on. 他穿着外套走出了房间。

知识拓展
“with+名词+介词短语”结构也可用作状语，表示伴随情况。

The teacher came in with a book under his arm.
老师腋下夹着一本书走进教室。

The poor woman walked through the street with a baby on her back.
那可怜的妇女背着一个婴儿，穿过了街道。

(2)on在此处是形容词，意为“开着的，接通的”，常见的结构有：be/turn on。

—Is the light on in the room? 屋里的灯开着吗？
—No. It’s off. 不，关着呢。

Turn on the radio, please. I’ll listen to the weather report.
请打开收音机，我要听天气预报。

Section 2B
一、短语
1. walk to school = go to school on foot 步行去上学
take the bus to school = go to school by bus
乘公共汽车去上学
2. gym class 体操课.
3. worry about sb./ sth. 担心某人/某事worry 是动词
be worried about sb./sth. 担心某人/某事worried 是形容词
4. all the time 一直, 总是
5.these days 如今，现在
6. go right home马上回家，直接回家
7. spend time/money (in) doing sth
花时间/钱做某事
辨析:pay; take; cost ; spend:① sb pay for sth支付…的费用;pay money for sth ②It takes (sb) time/money to do sth. ③sth cost (sb) money ④sb spend time/money on sth /in doing sth
8. chat with 与…闲聊
9. hardly ever 几乎从不
hardly“几乎不”，表示否定含义，类似的词有：never，few，little，nothing，nobody等。

I am so tired that I can hardly do anything.我太累了几乎什么事情也干不了了。

There is hardly any food left for me.几乎没有给我剩什么吃的东西。

hardly 修饰动词时，通常放在助动词、情态动词之后，实义
动词之前助动词/情态动词＋hardly
hardly + 实义动词如：
I can hardly understand them. 我几乎不能够明白他们。

I hardly have time to do it. 我几乎没有时间去做了。

10.the old days 过去的日子
11. in the last (few years)
“在过去的(几年)里” 用于现在完成时
My life has changed a lot in the last few years.
二、重点知识
1. Before I started high school, I used to spend a lot of time playing games with my friends, but I just don’t have the time any more. (P14)在上高中之前，我常常花费大量时间和朋友们一起做游戏，但是如今我再也没有这样的时间了。

(1)high school相当于middle school,意为“中学”，常指高中。

(2)本句中的spend意为“花费”，常用来说明某人买某物花了多少钱或某人花了多少时间做某事，主语通常为人，常见的句子结构有两种：
◎sb spends some money/time on sth
She spends a lot of money on books. 她花很多钱买书。

◎sb spends some money/time in doing sth，其中介词in 可以省略。

They spent two hours (in) looking for the cat. 他们花了两个小时找那只猫。

特别提示
take, pay与cost也可以表示“花费”：
◎take意为“花费”，常用形式主语it，真正的主语是动词不定式，常见的句子结构有：
“It takes （took）+时间/金钱+动词不定式”（表示“做某事花费了多少时间/金钱”）和“It takes+sb+时间/金钱+动词不定式”（“做某事花费了某人多少时间/金钱”）。

It’ll take only ten minutes to walk to the superm arket.
只要十分钟，就可以走到那家超市。

It took Yang Liwei about 21 hours to circle the earth in his spaceship.
乘宇宙飞船环绕地球大约花费了杨利伟21个小时。

◎pay的基本意思是“支付”，主语是表示人的名词或代词，常与for连用。

How much did you pay for all these books? 这些书你是花多少钱买的？
◎cost也可作“花费”解，其主语是“物”或“事”，常用于sth costs (sb) some money结构。

The dictionary cost me 40 yuan. 这本字典花了我40元钱。

(3)no more (用在句中)=not…any more (用在句尾) 指
次数“不再……”;
no longer (用在句中)=not…any longer (用在句尾) 指时间“不再……”
2. It seems that Yu Mei has changed a lot. (P15)俞梅似乎变化很大。

动词seem是“看起来像”，“似乎”的意思，其常用的句型有：
◎It seems+that 从句
It seems that he would never be able to work out the question.
看来他好像永远无法解决那个问题。

◎seem+形容词
Your father seems quite happy. 你的父亲看起来很高兴。

◎seem+动词不定式
Li Fang seems to know everything.李芳好像什么都知道。

特别提示
“It seems+that 从句”通常可以转化成“名词/代词+seems+动词不定式短语”这一简单句型，如果动词不定式短语是“to be+形容词”，to be可以被省略。

It seems that his temperature is all right.
=His temperature seems (to be) all right. 他的体温似乎很正常。

It seems that she doesn’t get on well with her classmates.
=She doesn’t seem to get on well with her classmates. 她似乎与同学们相处的不好。

短语链语
seem like...意为“似乎，好像”。

It seems like years since we last met. 我们似乎好多年不见了。

Reading2
一、短语
1. cause trouble惹麻烦
2. 支付不起…can’t /couldn’t afford to do sth.
can’t / couldn’t afford sth.
如：I can’t/couldn’t afford to buy the car.
I can’t/couldn’t afford the car. 我买不起这个辆小车。

3. as well as“不仅…而且…；既…又…”
His mother looked after him as well as she could.他的母亲尽可能好好照顾他
Living things need air and light as well as water.
生物不仅需要水,而且还需要空气和阳光。

She helps Tom as well as I.
除了我以外她也帮了汤姆的忙。

4．get into trouble招惹麻烦; get into trouble with sb 惹…的麻烦,与…发生纠缠He often gets into trouble with the police.
5．in the end 最后, 终于= at last
6．make a decision 做出决定
7．send …to…把…送到…
8．to one’s surprise 使某人吃惊的是
9．even though=even if“即使” Even if I have to walk all the way, I’ll get there.
即使我得一路走着去，我也要走到那里。

I like her even though she can be annoying.尽管有时他很烦人，但是我还是喜欢她。

10．no longer不再，已不
11．take pride in对…感到自豪
He would take pride in everything good I do.
12．pay attention to sb
注意某人，仔细听某人的话
13．a top student尖子生
14.give up sth/ doing sth 放弃(做)某事
15．not …any more英式
not…anymore美式（不再，已不）
16. change one’s life 改变某人的生活
二、重点知识
1.However, after his father’s death a few years ago, Martin’s life became much more difficult. (P16)然而，几年以前，在他父亲死后，马丁的生活变得更困难了。

本句中的dead意为“死的”，是形容词，表示“死的，无生命的”，常与be动词连用，指死的状态。

He is dead, but his name will live in our hearts forever.
他虽然死了，但他的名字将永远留在我们心中。

Her grandfather has been dead for more than two years. 她的爷爷去世两年多了。

特别提示
die, dying, death也可以表示“死”。

◎die意为“死亡，断气”，是终止性动词，指生命的结束，强调动作。

His mother died two years ago. 他的母亲两年前去世了。

◎dying是die的现在分词，通常作形容词使用，是“要死的”，“垂危的”，“濒临死亡的”的意思。

This dog is dying. 这条狗快要死了。

◎death是die的名词，意为“死亡”。

It makes me very sad when I think of my little dog’s death.当我想起我小狗的死亡时，我很难过。

2. ...but to his surprise, this phone call changed his life. (P16)……但是，令他惊奇的是，这次通话改变了他的人生。

本句中的to one’s surprise意为“令某人惊奇的是”，常常置于句首。

其中to是“致使”的意思，后面接表示情感的名词，指一个事件使某人心中产生了某种情感。

To my surprise, he failed in the examination. 使我奇怪的是，他考试不及格。

To everyone’s surpri se, Mr King refused. 使每个人感到惊奇的是，金先生拒绝了。

类似短语
to one’s joy/horror/satisfaction“使人高兴／惊恐／满意的是”。

特别提示
in surprise意为“惊奇地”。

The two men looked at each other in surprise. 那两个人惊奇地互相看着。

“How did you come to know it?” I asked in surprise. “你是怎么知道这件事的？”我吃惊地问。

3. and didn’t give up trying to help him (P17)没有放弃努力帮他 本句中的give up 意为“放弃，停止”，相当于stop doing sth,其后可接名词或动词的-ing 形式。

Don’t give up halfway. 不要半途而废。

You mustn’t give up studying foreign languages for even a day. 你一定不能放弃学习外语，哪怕是一天也不行。

◎give up 还可以表示“认输，投降”。

I give up. Tell me the answer. 我认输了。

告诉我答案吧。

魔力纠错 吸烟对你的健康有害，所以你必须戒烟。

误：Smoking is bad for your health, so you must give up it. 正：Smoking is bad for your health, so you must give it up. Unit.3 Section 3A 一、短语 1. be allowed to do sth 被允许干… I am not allowed to watch TV at home. allow sb to do sth 允许某人干… allow doing sth 允许干… 2. g o o u t w i t h t h e i r f r i e n d s 和朋友一块出去 3.sixteen-year-olds = sixteen-year-old boys and girls 16岁的孩子 4.part-time jobs 兼职工作/ full-time jobs 全职工作 5.g e t o n e ’s e a r s p i e r c e d 穿耳孔 get sth +过去分词=have sth+过去分词:“使…被…” You must get your coat washed. I couldn't get my car started this morning.今天早晨我无法把汽车发动起来 6.c h o o s e o n e ’s o w n c l o t h e s 选自己的衣服
7. a driver’s license 驾照 8.enough 用法: enough money/books; old enough 9.s e e m t o 好像 10.on weekends 在周末 11.instead of 代替，而不是 辨析:instead (adv.); instead of (prep.) I won’t go there, I’ll go to the park instead. They talk instead of doing homework. I did it instead of him. 12． at that age 在那个年龄段 13.s o d o w e 我们也一样 倒装句: 口诀：前后主语不一样，语序当然用倒装；前后主语一个样，语序当然要正常（用陈述语序） So + be 动词/助动词/情态动词+主语(前为肯定) 表示与前面所述事实一致. Neither/Nor + be 动词/助动词/情态动词+主语(前为否定) 表示与前面所述事实一致. 例: He likes oranges. So do we.
He doesn’t like oranges. Neither do we.
She went to the cinema yesterday. So did I.
She didn’t go to the cinema yesterday. Neither did I. Tom can swim. So can John.
Tom can’t swim. Neither can John.
So +主语+ be 动词/助动词/情态动词 表示对前面事实的进一步确认.
例: Henry is very tired. So he is.(的确是)
He surfed Internet for two hours. So he did.(的确是) They will win the game. So they will.(他们会的) 14．on school nights 在上学期间的每个晚上
15．by 10:00pm 晚上十点前，by 不迟于，常用于将来时的句子中
16.stay up 熬夜 ，不睡觉
He is allowed to stay up until 11:00.
17.clean up (v-adv.) 打扫干净, 收拾整洁 They were all busy cleaning up the ground. 二、重点知识
1.语态：
①英语有两种语态：主动语态和补动语态 主动语态表示是动作的执行者
被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者
Cats eat fish. （主动语态）猫吃鱼。

Fish is eaten by cats. (被动语态)鱼被猫吃。

②被动语态的构成 由“助动词be ＋及物动词的过去分词”构成 助动词be 有人称、数和时态的变化，其变化规则
当我们不知道谁是动作的执行者，或者没有必要指出谁是动作的执行者，或者只需强调动作的承受者时，要用被动语态。

2.例子： ①形式:主语+be+过去分词+by 短语 ② He likes music.----- Music is liked by him. I ask him
to help her.---He is asked to help her. She makes me go there every day. ----I am made to go there every day by her.
They gave me some flowers. ----I was given some flowers by them . / Some flowers were given to me by them.
③特殊句型:be made in; be made of; be made from; be made up of; be used /spoken as
3. I don’t think twelve-year-olds should be allowed to get their ears pierced. (P18)我认为不应该允许12岁的孩子穿耳孔。

(1)当主句的主语是第一人称I或we，谓语动词是think, believe, suppose, guess等词时，其后的从句不能是含有not的否定句；若要否定，须将not提到主句。

在翻译时，按汉语习惯译作否定从句。

例如：“我想他不会给你打电话的”应译为I don’t think he will give you a call而不是I think he won’t give you a call。

特别提示
若把此类句式变成反意疑问句，其助动词及主语要根据从句确定，而肯定/否定则要根据主句来确定。

We think you can help him, can’t you? 我们认为你能帮助他，不是吗？
I don’t think he is a good student, is he? 我认为他不是个好学生，对吗？
(2)本句中的twelve-year-olds相当于twelve-year-old teenagers，意为“12岁的孩子/年轻人”。

知识拓展
数词和一个相应的名词单数用“-”连接起来，可以构成一个合成形容词。

常见的还有：
two-month holiday 两个月的假期
a sixty-pound stone 一块60磅的石头
(3)get their ears pierced属于“get+名词/代词+动词的过去分词”结构，表示“使……被做”，“请人做……”。

Go and get your hair cut! 你去理理发吧。

Why haven’t you got the work done yet? 你为什么还不叫人把活干了呢？
4. I disagree. (P19)我不同意。

I agree. (P19)我同意。

(1)agree意为“赞成，同意”，用来表示同意某人的意见、观点等；可以单独使用，也可以接由with, to, on等引导的介词短语或接从句。

—Shall we go to the zoo tomorrow? 我们明天去动物园，好吗？
—I agree. 我同意。

I quite agree with you. 我完全赞成你的意见。

Do you agree on this plan? 你同意这个计划吗？
知识拓展
agree with, agree to和agree on都表示“同意”，但用法不同。

◎agree with表示“同意”，后面接表示人的名词或代词，也可以接表示“意见，看法”的名词。

We all agree with him. 我们都同意他的意见。

Do you agree with my ideas? 你同意我的观点吗？
◎agree to表示“同意”，后面接表示“计划，建议，安排”等的名词，接动词原形时构成动词不定式结构。

He agreed to our plan at last. 最后他同意了我们的计划。

They agreed to come on Monday. 他们同意星期一来。

◎agree on表示“（两人以上）就……取得一致意见，在……方面意见一致”，其主语多为复数形式，宾语是表示事、计划等的名词，而不是表示人的名词或代词，它可以与agree in doing sth替换。

They agreed on the plan.
=They agreed in doing the plan. 他们对这个计划意见一致。

特别提示
agree with也可以表示“某人适应（食物、气候等）”。

The weather doesn’t agree with me. 我不适应这种天气。

(2)disagree是agree的反义词，相当于not agree。

5. They talk instead of doing homework. (P19)他们会说话而不做作业。

本句中的instead of是复合介词，意思是“代替”，后面往往接名词、代词、动名词或介词短语, of后面的内容是被否定的。

I want that book instead of this one. 我要那本书而不是这本。

We went to swim instead of playing basketball.
我们没有去打篮球，而是去游泳了。

特别提示
副词instead和instead of意思相同，但用法却不同。

instead意为“代替，顶替”，常位于句首或句末，可不译。

I didn’t go to cinema. Instead, I went to go shopping.
我没有去看电影，我去购物了。

The water here is not good, so I drink coffee instead.
这里的水不好，所以我改喝咖啡。

6. Find someone who is allowed to stay up until 11∶00 pm. (P20)找出被允许熬夜到11点的人。

(1)who is allowed to stay up until 11∶00 pm是一个定语从句，用来修饰前面的someone。

The man who is smoking is my father. 正在抽烟的那个人是我的父亲。

The foreigner who visited our class is from Canada.
访问我们班的那个外国人来自加拿大。

(2)stay up在这里是“熬夜”，“不睡觉”的意思，相当于not go to bed。

He stayed up too late last night. 他昨天晚上熬夜到很晚。

She promised the children they could stay up for homework.
她承诺孩子们可以熬夜做作业。

Section 3B
一、短语
1.g e t t o c l a s s l a t e.上课迟到
2.fail (in) sth做某事失败
Do you ever worry that you'll fail (in) a test?
fail (in) a test考试不及格;。